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形容词和副词
1.倍数问题
(1)倍数还包括分数,百分比,一半等范畴;
(2)倍数as…as…如有名词,把名词放在as…as的中间);比较级thesizeweightnumberheight…of…
2.Muchfarratheralittleabitalot…可修饰比较级时态和语态
(1)时间和条件状语从句里用一般现在时代替将来时
(2)ThelasttimeIsawhimathefirsttime/thelasttime/themoment/everytime…引导状语从句bthisisthefirsttimethat…用完成时态
(3)句子用什么时态,首先看时间状语
(4)__keitclearthat…
(5)Inthepastfewyearssofar..用现在完成时
(6)Fewhousesre__inedaftertheearthquake.aItre__insaquestion/unknown/tobeseen/amysterywh-从句
(7)Itwillbelongbefore…很久以后才会…(主将从现)aitwon’tbelongbefore…很快就会…(主将从现)bitwastwohoursbeforewecameback.时态过去+过去)
(8)__kesurethat…后面的句子常用一般现在时虚拟语气
(1)表现形式a用过去的某种时态b用shoulddosthshould可以省略的形式
(2)用过去的某种时态aif非真实条件句If从句与现在相反过去时were/did与过去相反Haddone与将来相反过去时were/didShoulddoWeretodo主句与现在相反Woulddo与过去相反Wouldh__edone与将来相反Woulddo
1.用过去的某时态来表示虚拟…wishthat和现在或将来相反:用过去时和过去相反:用过去完成时…asif……wouldrather__did/haddonesth.Itishightimethat…did
2.用shoulda.表示建议的词:suggest/suggestionadvise/advi__propose/proposalrecommendinsist表示坚持主张认为应该…b.表示命令的词:ordercom__ndde__ndrequire…c.Itisne__ssary/essential/importantthat…shoulddo…Itisnatural/strangethat…shoulddo…定语从句总结
1.不变应万变方法把先行词名词和代词放进定语从句中如果可以原封不动的放进去指物就用which/that指人就是who/whom;f反过来说定语从句中如果选了which/thatwho/whom就要在定语从句中为它找到相应的位置.
2.什么情况下不用that非限制性定语从句中不用that;定语从句中介词放在前面不用that;
3.什么情况下用that1先行词里有最高级2先行词里有序数词3先行词里有theonlythevery4先行词里有人和物5先行词在定语从句里作表语6先行词里有不定代词如:allmuchfewlittleanythingsomething7主句本身就是who引导的疑问句
4.什么情况下用as非限制性定语从句位于句首;as表示“如同…”“正如…”asisknowntoallasisexpected2限制性定语从句中先行词里有suchasthesame的时候.
5.非限制性定语从句中涉及到“of”的结构thehandsofwhichofwhichthehandswhosehandsbothofwhichbothofwhom
6.先行词是casesituationstageinstan__等用wherepointoccasion用whereorwhen
7.先行词是时间地点或者原因的时候用whichthat还是whenwherewhy要根据情况而定.
8.先行词是theway表示方法方式时用that/inwhich
9.介词+which+todo…10bywhichtime;bywhenit的强调句的用法1.基本形式Itis/was….that/who…把itis/was和that/who去掉的话,剩下的句子应该是通的,也就是说,被强调的部分应该能够原封不动的放到后面的句子里去2.倒装句和强调句的区分ItwasnotuntilamonthlaterthatIre__ivedareply.NotuntilamonthlaterdidIre__iveareply.ItwasonlywhenIreadhispoemre__ntlythatIbegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.OnlywhenIreadhispoemdidIbegintoappreciatetheirbeauty.3.含有特殊疑问词的it强调句1有问号的时候wasis或情态动词提前:Wh-+is/was+that/who…WhenwasitthatyoulastsawProfessorMiller2是句号的时候is/was或情态动词就不用提前Wh-+itis/wasthat…Iwonderwhereitcanbethatthekeyishidden.
4.如果有两个空格,在被强调的部分都能放到后面句子里去的话,后面的空格用that前面的空格按照一般的定语从句来看Itwas__hetalkedtohisfriends_____deusbelievehisre__rks.
5.一问一答的情况下的it强调句WheredidyoumeetherthismorningItwasinthehotel_____hewasstaying.
6.强调句和其它和时间有关的句子区分:1Itwastwoyearsbeforehecameback.时态:过去/过去一段时间Itwillbetwoyearsbeforehecomesback.时态:主将从现;一段时间2Itistwoyearssin__hecameback.3Itwas1998whenhecameback.4Itwastwoyearslaterthathecameback.Itwasin1998thathecameback.祈使句的强调句Dodevoteyourselftoitandfinallyyou’llsuc__ed.DobesuretobringtheshampooIwantnexttime.助动词提出的强调句Hedidre__ivethenews.Idogetupearly.Therebe句型Thereisnoneedfor__todo…Thereisagreatneedfor__todo.Thereisnopossibilitythat…/ofdoing…Thereisnodoubtthat…Thereisnodenyingthat…Thereisnoproofthat…Thereisnopoint/senseindoing…Itis…句型Itisnogood/nousedoing…Itisawasteoftimedoing…Itisfundoing…Itisnowonderthat…Itishightimethat…did…Itissaidreportedbelievedac__pted…that…Ithappensseemsappears…that…Itis/hasbeen…sin__…Itwas/willbe…before…Itis/was….when…Ittakes__…todo…Itisapitythat…Itisthefirsttimethat…has/h__e/haddone…Itisne__ssaryessentialstrangenatural…that…shoulddo…非谓语动词一非谓语动词的一般形式todo有主动和被动,时态的变化doing…有主动和被动,时态的变化donetodo动词不定式的变化todo主动,将来(可放在句首表目的)tobedone被动,将来时(将要被…)toh__ebeendone被动,已经发生(不会单独使用,跟在某些词后固定搭配,意思指已经发生的事情)Toh__edone主动,已经发生tobedoing主动,正在做某事doing的变化doing/beingdone
(1)如果单独使用,放在句首或句尾,是表示正在进行,被动
(2)做主语,表示被动的时候
(3)跟在介词或动词后面需要用动词的ing形式h__ingdone/h__ingbeendone(不用于做定语)二非谓语常见的位置,或在句子中所担当的成分
(1)非谓语动词短语,+主句或者是主句,非谓语动词短语这时的非谓语动词短语起到状语的作用例如influen__dbythegrowinginterestinnaturemorepeopleenjoyoutdaooractivities.在这种情况下,首先找出主句的主语,然后以主句的主语为出发点,来判断非谓语动词是主动还是被动,如果已有的非谓语动词的主语和主句主语不一致,还要考虑__主格结构,也就是把非谓语动词的自己的主语加上去例如Allflightsh__ingbeencan__lledtheydecidedtotakethetrain.其次把非谓语动词和主句的动词比较,看是否同时发生还是有明显的先后
(2)跟在介词,动词或某些形容词的后面固定搭配介词后一定要加动词的-ing形式;有些动词后加todoAffordagreeappeararrangeaskattemptbegchoosedecidedetermineexpectfailhappenhesitatehopeintendlearn__nageofferpreferpreparepretendpromiserefuseseemwish等有些后面加-ingAdmitappreciate__oidconsiderdelaydenyendureenjoyescapeexcusefa__feellikefinishforgivegiveupcan’thelpi__gineinvolvementionmindmisspostponepractiseputoffresistriskcan’tstandsuggestunderstand等
(3)跟在名词后面做定语时,一般不用h__ingdone/h__ingbeendone结构
(4)放在句首做主语,一般用动词的ing和todo…三非谓语的解题步骤或思路
(1)先判断空格部分所需的是主句,从句还是非谓语动词__的句子,从句或非谓语__的句子加句号,分号或破折号的话,后再加一个__的句子__的句子,(逗号)有andbutso等词加__的句子
(3)再根据主句的主语,来判断主动或被动;
(4)接下来再判断时态,
(5)如果是否定的话,not一定要放在非谓语的前面
(6)一定不要忘记主语一致的原则,如果不一致的话,要把非谓语的独立主语加上四特殊的非谓语短语Generallyspeaking一般来说Time/weatherpermitting时间、天气允许的话Considering….考虑到,鉴于Taing…intoaccount考虑到Taking…intoconsideration考虑到Provided…假如Providing…假如Suppose…假如Supposing…假如Judingfrom/by…根据…判断Givensth假如,如果;鉴于,考虑到Giventhat…假如,如果;鉴于,考虑到谓语动词精讲及训练动词不定式、分词(现在分词,过去分词)和动名词统称为非谓语动词动词不定式、过去分词及v-ing形式在句中均不能作谓语,所以叫做非谓语动词现在分词和动名词合为一大类叫作v+ing形式这些动词的形式不能在句中单独作谓语用,因而没有语法主语但可以有逻辑主语由于没有语法主语,也就不受人称和数的限定,因为不是谓语,也就没有时态和语态,但这些词仍能表示动作和状态,所以仍有表示与其他动词相对时间关系的形式由于与其它词有逻辑上的主谓关系,因此也有表示主、被动的形式,同时也有自己的宾语和状语,一起构成非谓语动词的短语(动词不定式短语,分词短语,动名词短语)非谓语动词在英语语法中占有特殊且重要的位置非谓语动词形式多样,应用广泛,且在句中起着很活跃的作用,也是语法项目中的重点和难点,学好非谓语动词,才能正确进行口语和书面的交流
(一)动词不定式动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,如tostudytoplay,动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用,但仍留着动词的特征,它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语,如tostudyhardtoplaytabletennis
1.动词不定式的形式变化动词不定式有下列时态和语态的形式变化语态式 一般式 完成式 进行式 完成进行式主 动 tobuild toh__ebuilt tobebuilding toh__ebeenbuilding被 动 tobebuild toh__ebeenbuild
2.动词不定式的基本用法动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用,可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用,如
(1)作主语Tohelpeachotherisgood.(动词不定式作主语时,一般可用it作形式主语,而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末,如Itisgoodtohelpeachother.
(2)作表语Myjobistodrivethemtothepowerstationeveryday.动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语,与表示将来时的be+动词不定式结构有所区别,如Ourplanistosetupanothermiddleschoolforthepeasants’children.我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学(句中的谓语动词为is,动词不定式tosetup…为表语,主语为plan,但plan并不是动词不定式的逻辑主语,即动词不定式tosetup所表示的动作不是主语plan产生的)Wearetosetupanothermiddleschoolforthepeasants’children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学(句中的aretosetup整个结构为句中谓语,主语为we,同时也是动词不定式tosetup所表示的动作的逻辑主语,即动词不定式tosetup所表示的动作是由we产生的)
(3)作宾语
①作及物动词的宾语,如Shewishestobeamusician.;
②作某些形容词的宾语可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有gladsorryafraidpleaseddeterminedwillingeageranxiousreadysure等,如Iamdeterminedtogiveup__oking.;
③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语,但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时,就可作介词的宾语,如Canyougiveussomeadvi__onwhattodonext
(4)作宾语补足语,如____thechildrennottoplayonthestreet.如果句中的谓语动词为seehearwatchnoti__h__e__kelet等,作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去,如Isawalittlegirlrunacrossthestreet.
(5)动词不定式在句中作宾语,如带有宾语补足语时,须先用it作形式宾语,而将该动词不定式后置,如Idon’tthinkitrighttodoitthatway.
(6)作定语动词不定式作定语时,须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后,如Isthisthebestwaytohelphim和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词,不定式后面就要用必要的介词,如Heisthe__ntodependon.如果被不定式修饰的名词为pla__timeway,不定式后面的介词,习惯上可以省去,如Theold__nislookingforaquietpla__tolive.
(7)作状语动词不定式可以作下列的状语
①目的状语EverymorninghegetsupveryearlytoreadEnglish.为了强调不定式表示目的的作用,可在不定式前加inorderto或soasto(以便或为了),但应注意inorderto位于句首或句中均可,而soasto不能位于句首,如ShereadsChinaDailyeverydayinorderto(soasto)improveherEnglish.将表示目的的不定式置于句首,也可强调目的的作用,如To__steraforeignlanguageonemustworkhardatit.
②结果状语Theylivedtoseetheliberationoftheirhometown.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放
③too+形容词或副词+动词不定式,表示“足能…”的结果,如Youareoldenoughtotakecareofyourselfnow.
3.复合结构不定式由for+名词(或代词宾格)+动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式其中for本身无意义for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语,这种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语,如Itisveryimportantforustogeteverythingreadyfortheharvest.当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时,就用介词of而不用for引出不定式的逻辑主语,这些形容词一般有goodni__kindwisesillystupidfoolishrightwrongcarelessimpolite等,如Itisverykindofyoutohelphimeveryday.
4.疑问词+动词不定式疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语,在句中可作主语、表语或宾语,如Howtopreventthemfromswimminginthisriverisaproblem.
5.动词不定式的否定式动词不定式的否定式是由not+动词不定式构成,如It’swrongofyounottoattendthemeeting.
6.动词不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系
(1)一般式动词不定式一般式所表示的动作是和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,但在多数情况下,是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生,如Wedecidedtoplantmoretreesthisspring.(其后),Theyoftenwatchusplaytabletennis.(同时);
(2)完成式动词不定式完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,如Iamsorrytoh__ekeptyouwaiting.
(3)进行式动词不定式进行式所表示的动作正在进行中,而且与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,如ShehappenedtobewritingaletterintheroomwhenIcamein.
7.动词不定式的被动语态用法如果动词不定式的逻辑主语为这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般就用被动语态形式,如Whatistobedonenexthasn’tbeendecidedyet.
(二)动词-ing形式动词的-ing形式也是一种非谓语动词-ing形式仍保留有动词的特征,可以带有其所需要的宾语或状语而构成-ing短语
1.-ing的形式-ing有一般式和完成式及物动词的-ing还有主动语态和被动语态,而不及物动词的-ing则没有被动语态现在以及物动词__ke和不及物动词go为例,将其-ing各种形式列表如下动词 语态形式 及物动词__ke 不及物动词go 主动语态 被动语态 主动语态一般式 __king being__de going完成式 h__ing__de h__ingbeen__de h__inggone
2.-ing形式的基本用法
(1)作主语Seeingisbelieving.百闻不如一见Talkingiseasierthandoing.–ing作主语时,如果其结构较长,可用it作形式主语,而将作主语的-ing后置如Itisn’tmuchgoodwritingtothemagain.It’snousewaitinghere.
(2)作表语Herjobiswashingandcooking.Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.
(3)作宾语
①作及物动词的宾语Shelikesdrawingverymuch;
②作某些短语动词的宾语__ryisthinkingofgoingbacktoNewYork;
③do+限定词(mysomeanythe等)+-ing,表示“做…事”之意,如WeoftendoourcleaningonSaturdayafternoon.WillyoudoanyshoppingonSaturdaythisafternoon
④作介词的宾语Hersisterisgoodatlearningphysics;
⑤作形容词worthbusy等的宾语Thisbookiswellworthreading.–ing作宾语带有宾语补足语时,要用it作为形式宾语,而将作宾语的-ing后置,如Wefounditnogoodtalkinglikethat.Doyouthinkitne__ssarytryingagain
(4)作定语Thesleepingchildisonlyfiveyearsold.Doyouknowthe__nstandingatthegate注-ing形式作定语用时,如果-ing只是一个单词,就位于其修饰的名词之前,如果是-ing短语,就位于其修饰的名词之后,-ing作定语时,被-ing所修饰的名词就是该-ing的逻辑主语另外,-ing作定语用时,其动作和句子谓语动词所表示的动作是同时进行的,如果不是同时进行的,就不能用-ing作定语,要使用定语从句,如ThegirlwhowrotealetterthereyesterdaycanspeakEnglishverywell.
(5)作宾语补足语Wecanseesteamrisingfromthewetclothes.注当-ing在复合宾语中作宾语补足语用时,句中宾语就是这个-ing的逻辑主语,可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有seewatchhearobservefeelfindh__ekeep等
(6)作状语
①时间状语SeeingTomIcouldn’thelpthinkingofhisbrother.分词在句中作时间状语时,其前一般可加when或while,如Whencrossingstreetyoumustbecareful.
②原因状语Beingillhedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.
③方式或伴随状语__rystoodattheschoolgatewaitingforBetty.
3.主动语态-ing完成式的基本用法主动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前,一般在句中作时间或原因状语用句中的主语是它的逻辑主语,并且是它所表示的动作的执行者,如H__ingansweredthelettershewentontoreadanEnglishnovel.
4.被动语态-ing一般式的基本用法被动语态-ing一般式所表示的动作是一个正在进行中的被动动作,而且这个被动动作也是和句中谓语所表示的动作同时发生的它一般在句中作定语或状语用如Thetruckbeingrepairedthereisours.
5.被动语态-ing完成式的基本用法被动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,在句中一般作状语用如H__ingbeenshownthelabweweretakentoseethelibrary.
6.-ing形式的复合结构在-ing前加物主代词或名词所有格即构成-ing的复合结构其中的物主代词或名词所有格为-ing的逻辑主语这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语或表语,如Your__okinganddrinkingtoomuchwilldoharmtoyourhealth.但在口语中,这种结构如作宾语用,其中的物主代词常用人称代词的宾格,名词的所有格常用名词的普通格代替,如SheinsistedonPeter’s(orPeter)goingtherefirst.
7.-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作主语、表语、宾语时的区别一般说来,表示一个比较抽象或泛指的动作时多用-ing形式表示一个具体某一次的动作时,多用动词不定式,如Ourjobis__kingsteel.Shelikesplayingthepianobutshedoesn’twanttoplayittoday.
8.-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作定语的区别-ing形式作定语用时,其动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动词同时发生,而动词不定式作定语时,其动作一般发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之后如ThegirlwritingalettertherecanspeakEnglishverywell./Ih__ethreeletterstowrite.
9.-ing形式与动词不定式在作宾语补足语时的区别
(1)不定式作宾补时,其动作一般发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后,如Ih__etoldthemtocomeagaintomorrow.
(2)在seewatchhearfeel等之后,如果用-ing形式作宾补,表示其动作正在进行中,而用不带to的不定式作宾补时,不定式所表示的动作是一个动作的过程,如Ihearhersingingintheroom.我听见她正在屋里唱歌Ihearhersingintheroom.我听见她在屋里唱过歌
10.-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作状语的区别-ing形式在句作状语表示时间、原因、方式或伴随情况,而动词不定式一般式在句中作状语时,一般是作目的或结果状语,如Notre__ivinghisletterIwrotetohimagain./Ilookedintothewindowtoseewhatwasgoingoninside.
(三)过去分词
1.过去分词的基本用法过去分词只有一种形式,也没有主动语态,它所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已完成的动作过去分词在句中也可用作定语、表语、宾语或状语等成分过去分词在句中作某种成分时,其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者,如
(1)作定语过去分词作定语时,如果这个分词是一个单词,就位于其修饰的名词之前,如果是分词短语,就位于其修饰的名词之后被过去分词所修饰的名词,就是该分词的逻辑主语,如Thestolencarwasfoundbythepoli__lastweek.
(2)作表语过去分词作表语时,表示其逻辑主语所处的状态,其逻辑主语就是句中的主语,如Theglassisbroken.这个玻璃杯是破的注过去分词作表语时,和动词的被动语态结构相似,但两者表达的意义不同,如Theglasswasbrokenbymylittlebrother.这个玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的作表语用的过去分词在许多词典中已列为形容词,如crowdeddevoteddiscourageddonedresseddrunkexperien__dfrightenedgonehurtinterestedkilledknownlearnedlostpleasedsatisfiedshutsurprisedtiredundressedworriedastonishedbrokencompletedcovered等
(3)作宾语补足语过去分词作宾语补足语时,句中的宾语就是其逻辑主语,如WhenIopenedthedoorIfoundthegroundcoveredbyfallenle__es.注动词h__e后的复合宾语中,宾语补足语如为过去分词,常表示该分词所表示的动作是由别人来执行的而不是句中主语自己来执行的,如Ihadmybikerepairedyesterday.昨天我(找别人)把我的自行车给修了
(4)作状语过去分词作状语时,相当于一个状语从句,该结构的逻辑主语一般都是主句的主语,是过去分词所表示意义的逻辑宾语为了使作状语的过去分词意义更加明确,常在分词前加whenifwhilethoughas等连词,如Seenfromthehill/Whenseenfromthehillourtownlooksbeautiful.;Givenmoretime/Ifgivenmoretimewecouldh__edoneitbetter.(we是该结构的逻辑主语,是give的逻辑宾语) __主格上述-ing和过去分词的用法中,-ing和过去分词在句中均有逻辑主语,但有时它们也能有自己的__的主语,这种__的主语,一般为名词或代词,位于其前之前,和-ing或过去分词构成__主格__主格在句中一般只作状语用,而-ing和过去分词作用的形式,则要根据它们所表示的动作和句中谓语动词所表示的时间关系而定至于__主格中是使用-ing或是过去分词,则要根据它们的主语和其所表示的动作的主动被动关系而定,如Thebellringingweallstoppedtalking.注Theworkh__ingbeenfinishedshesatdowntoh__earest.
①__结构中的being或h__ingbeen常可省去,如Themeeting(being)overalllefttheroom.
②作伴随状语的__结构常可用with短语来代替,如Shereadthelettertearsrollingdownhercheeks./Shereadtheletterwithtearsrollingdownhercheeks.
2.-ing形式与过去分词的区别
(1)语态不同-ing形式表示主动概念,及物动词的过去分词表示被动概念aninspiringspeech鼓舞人心的演说;theinspiredau___n__受鼓舞的听众
(2)时间关系不同现在分词所表示的动作一般是正在进行中的动作,而过去分词所表示的动作,往往是已经完成的动作,如Thechangingworld正在发生的世界;thechangedworld已经起了变化的世界重难点剖析
1.Everyoneinourclasswasworkinghardanddoingwhatwecould_______agoodcollege.A.enter B.toenter C.entering D.entered陷阱容易误选A有的同学一看到空格前的情态动词could就断定此处应填动词原形enter分析其实正确答案应是B此句为省略句,即在could后省略了动词do,若把句子补完整应为Everyoneinourclasswasworkinghardanddoingwhatwecoulddotoenteragoodcollege即句中的不定式短语(toenteragoodcollege)是用作目的状语的,而不是与情态动词(could)一起构成谓语请再看类似例句
(1)Theydidwhattheycouldtocomforther.他们尽量安慰她
(2)Theydideverythingtheycouldtos__eherlife.他们尽一切力量拯救她的性命
(3)Hestu___sashardashecouldtocatchupwithhisclas__ates.他拼命学习以便赶上他的同学值得指出的是,这也并不是说今后只要遇到类似结构的题就一定选带to不定式请看以下试题
(4)Heranasfastashecould_____tocatchtheearlybus.A.tohope B.hope C.hoping D.hoped此题的答案是C不是A,其中的现在分词短语hopingtocatchtheearlybus用作伴随状语
(5)Hespenteveryminutehecould_____spokenEnglish.A.practise B.topracti__ C.practising D.practised此题答案选C,这与前面动词spent的搭配有关,即spend…(in)doingsth若将此句补充完整,即为HespenteveryminutehecouldspendinpractisingspokenEnglish.
(6)Beforegoingabroadhedevotedallhecould____D____hisoralEnglish.A.improve B.toimprove C.improving D.toimproving此题答案选D,注意两点一是devote…to…是固定搭配,意为“把……贡献给……”;二是其中的to是介词,不是不定式符号,后接动词时要用动名词
2.Heknowsnothingaboutitsohecan’thelp_______anyofyourwork.A.doing B.todo C.beingdoing D.tobedone陷阱容易误选B,根据can’thelpdoingsth这一结构推出分析其实答案应选A比较以下结构can’thelptodosth=不能帮助做某事can’thelpdoingsth=禁不住做某事,情不自禁地做某事又如下面一题,答案也是B Shecan’thelp____thehousebecauseshe’sbusy__kingacake.Acleaning B.toclean C.cleaned D.beingcleaned再请看以下试题Whileshoppingpeoplesometimescan’thelp_____intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.A.topersuade B.persuading C.beingpersuaded D.bepersuaded此题应选C,句中的can’thelp意为“禁不住”(注意根据句意用被动形式)
3.Allhertime_______experimentsshehasnotimeforfilms.A.devotedtodo B.devotedtodoing C.devotingtodoing D.isdevotedtodoing陷阱几个干扰项均有可能误选分析此题最佳答案为B现分析如下
(1)devote意为“致力于,献身于”,主要用devote…to…或bedevotedto,其中的to是介词,不是不定式符号,故后接动词时要用动名词,不用不定式
(2)选A错误若将do改为doing则可以
(3)选B正确allhertimedevotedtodoingexperiments为__主格结构,用作状语
(4)选C错误因为allhertime与devote为被动关系,故应将devoting改为devoted
(5)选D错误若单独看Allhertimeisdevotedtodoingexperiments,此句并没有错,但问题是逗号前后两个简单句没有必要的连接方式,所以从整体上看仍不对,假若在后一句的句首加上and或so,则可选D,或将D将中的is改为being也可选它请做以下类似题(答案均选A)
(1)Allthepreparationsfortheproject______we’rereadytostart.A.completed B.h__ebeencompleted C.hadbeencompleted D.beencompleted
(2)Such_______thecaseIcouldn’thelpbut______him.A.beingsupport B.wassupport C.hasbeensupporting D.istosupport比较以下各题,答案选B,因为句中使用了并列连词and
(1)Allthepreparationsfortheproject______andwe’rereadytostart.A.completed B.h__ebeencompleted C.hadbeencompleted D.beencompleted
(2)Such_______thecaseIcouldn’thelpbut______him.A.beingsupport B.wassupport C.hasbeensupporting D.istosupport
4.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesisto__kelifeeasier______itmoredifficult.A.not__ke B.notto__ke C.not__king D.donot__ke陷阱容易误选C,受题干中的逗号的影响,认为是现在分词表结果的用法分析其实答案应选B,句中的逗号相当于连词and或but,notto__keitmoredifficult是对逗号前的不定式to__kelifeeasier的补充说明此句的意思是“新技术的目的是为了使生活变得更容易,而不是使生活变得更困难”两个不定式同时用以说明句子主语purpose的内容请做以下类似试题(答案选B)Thepurposeoftheschemeisnottohelptheemployersbut_____workforyoungpeople.A.provide B.toprovide C.providing D.provided
5.Themurdererwasbroughtinwithhishands______behindhisback.A.tobetied B.beingtied C.tied D.h__ingtied陷阱容易误选B分析最佳答案为C从意义上看,hands与tie的关系应属被动关系,故排除D在A、B、C三个选项中,选项A比较容易排除,因为不定式表示将来意义,在此与语境不符现将B和C作一比较B为现在分词的被动式,它表示两层意义,一是表被动,二是表进行,也就是说hishandsbeingtied的实际意思是“他的手正在被捆住”,这显然与语境不符而C为过去分词,它也表示两层意义,一是表被动,二是表示动词的完成或完成后的状态,此句中的withhishandstiedbehindhisback可视为手被捆在背后的一种状态由此可知最佳答案为C请看下面一题Anyone______tryingtotakeknivesonheardflightswouldbecaughtbythepoli__.A.finds B.found C.beingfound D.willfind答案选B而不选C,其中的过去分词表示被动和完成比较下面两题,最佳答案是D不是A,现在分词的被动式表示被动和进行
(1)Thecourthearsabout120casesayear;visitorsarewelcometoseeacase______.A.argued B.tobeargued C.tobearguing D.beingargued
(2)Thesilen__ofthelibrarywassometimesbrokenbyanoccasionalcoughorbythesoundofpages_______.A.turned B.h__ingturned C.tobeturned D.beingturned
6.Remindme_______themedicinetomorrow.A.oftaking B.taking C.totake D.take陷阱容易误选A受remind__of(doing)sth这一常用结构的影响分析最佳答案为C比较以下三个结构remind__of[about]sth=使某人想起某事remind__ofdoingsth=提醒某人做过某事(暗示动作已发生)remind__todosth=提醒某人去做某事(暗示动作尚未发生)请看两个例句Iremindedhimofhispromise.我提醒他做过的诺言Mywiferemindedmeofseeingthatfilm.我妻子提醒我曾经看过那部电影Canyouremindmetophonehertomorrow你明天能否提醒我给她打__
7.On__yourbusinessbecomesinternational_____constantlywillbepartofyourlife.A.youfly B.yourflight C.flight D.flying陷阱几个干扰项均有可能误选分析最佳答案为D由于空格后出现了constantly这一副词,这就说明不能选B或C,因为B、C均为名词,不能受副词constantly的修饰A和D均是可能的,因为其中有动词fly但若选A,youfly是一个主谓结构,与其后的谓语willbe相冲突,所以只能选D,即动名词flying在此用作主语
8.Notonlyshouldyougetused______underdifficultconditionsbutyoualsoyoupaymoreattention______yourworkwell.A.toworktodo B.toworkingtodoing C.toworktodoing D.toworkingtodo陷阱容易误选A,认为两个空白处均应填不定式分析正确答案为B,因为getusedto与payattentionto这两个结构中的to均为介词,不是不定式符号,故后接动词时要用动名词,不能动词原形类似地,以下各结构中的to也是介词,不是不定式符号,后接动词时也应用动名词,而不是动词原形lookforwardtodoingsth盼望做某事beopposedtodoingsth__做某事o__ecttodoingsth__做某事sticktodoingsth坚持做某事getdowntodoingsth开始做某事taketodoingsth喜欢上做某事admittodoing承认做了某事payattentiontodoingsth注意做某事devoteone’stimetodoingsth把某人的时间用于(奉献于)做某事beequaltodoingsth等于做某事,能胜任做某事Whatdoyousaytodoingsth你认为做某事怎么样
9.Bothofmyparentsinsisted_______acomputerformebutIdon’tthinkitisne__ssary.A.tobuy B.buying C.onbuying D.inbuying陷阱容易误选B,误认为insist后不能接不定式,但可以接动名词分析答案应选C其实,动词insist后既不能接不定式也不能接动名词,因为insist通常用作不及物动词;若语义上需接宾语,要借助介词on或upon,即用于insiston[upon](doing)sth;但它有时的确也可用作及物动词,不过其宾语通常只能是that从句,而不能是普通的名词、代词或动名词如Heinsistedonseeingherhome.他坚持送她回家Iinsistedthathe(should)stay.我坚持要他留下
10.“Doyouh__eanythingmore______sir”“No.Youcanh__earestordosomethingelse.”A.typing B.tobetyped C.typed D.totype陷阱容易误选D,根据h__esthtodo这一常用结构推出分析最佳答案是B确实,在“h__e+宾语+不定式”结构中,用作定语的不定式通常用主动式表示被动含义,如Ih__esomeclothestowash等,即尽管其中的someclothes与其后的不定式towash具有被动关系,但却习惯上用主动式表示被动意义但值得指出的是,这类句型的主语与其后的不定式具有主动关系,如Ih__esomeclothestowash中的towash就是由该句主语I来完成的而上面一题的情形有所不同,即其中的totype这一动作不是由句子主语you来完成的,而是由说话者“我”来完成的比较AreyougoingtoShanghaiDoyouh__eanythingtotaketoyourson你要去__吗?你有什么东西要带给你__吗?I’mgoingtoShanghainextweek.Ih__ealotofthingstotakewithme.下个星期我要去__,我随身要带很多东西去
11.Shetookhersonranoutofthehouse_____himinthecaranddrovequicklytothenearestdoctor’soffi__.A.put B.toput C.putting D.h__ingput陷阱容易误选B或C,误认为这考查非谓语动词的用法分析正确答案选A句中的tookranputdrove为四并列的谓语动词,其时态应一致类似地如(答案选A)Igotoutofthetaxi_____thefareanddashedintothestation.A.paid B.paying C.topay D.h__ingpaid但是,下面一题稍有不同Hearingthenewsherushedout______thebook______onthetableanddisappearedintothedistan__.A.left;lainopen B.le__ing;lyingopen C.le__ing;lieopened D.left;layopened此题答案选B,le__ing在此表结果,lyingopen与其前的动词le__e有关,le__e后接现在分词作宾语补足语,表示使某人或某物处于做某事的状态中
12.Thebossinsistedthateveryminute________defulluseof______theworkwell.A.betodo B.wasdoing C.bedoing D.wastodo陷阱容易误选B分析其实正确答案是A分析如下
(1)第一空填be,是因为insisted后接that从句,从句谓语要用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气,其中的should也可省略
(2)第二空要填todo,是因为此句谓语为被动语态,假若将此句转换成主动语态,则是…should__kefulluseofeveryminutetodotheworkwell句中涉及__keuseof…todosth(利用……做某事)这一结构另外,还有__kethemostof(尽量利用),__kethebestof(尽量利用)等短语也可能用于此类试题请看以下类似例子
(1)Theoldprofessortolduseverypartofthe__terialsshouldbe__deuseof______thepowerstation.A.tobuild B.building C.build D.built此题答案选A,不是B为便于理解,可先考虑以下结构…__keuseofeverypartofthe__terialstobuildthepowerstation由此可见,__keuseof的宾语是everypartofthe__terials,其后的不定式tobuildthepowerstation为目的状语
(2)Doesthewayyouthoughtof_______thewaterclean__keanysenseA.__king B.to__ke C.howto__ke D.h__ing__de
13.The__nagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee______thenextyear.A.carriedout B.carryingout C.carryout D.tocarryout陷阱几个干扰项均有可能误选分析答案选A此句结构较复杂,现分析如下
(1)thattheywouldliketosee_____thenextyear是修饰名词theplan的定语从句
(2)由于theplan与空格处的carryout有被动关系,故填过去分词carriedout请做以下类似试题
(1)Whodoyouthinkyou’dlike_____withyouaboyoragirlA.toh__ego B.toh__etogo C.toh__egone D.h__ingtogo在确定答案之前,我们先来看看下面这个句子IthinkI’dliketoh__eaboygowithme.句中的go要用原形,这是因为其前有表示使役的动词h__e在此句中,假若对名词aboy提问,便可得出Whodoyouthinkyou’dliketoh__egowithyou对照上面一题,答案很显然是A
(2)Whodidtheboss_____hiscarthistimeA.__kewash B.__ketowash C.__kewashing D.__kingtowash在做此题之前,也请先看看下面这个句子Theboss__deJackwashhiscarthistime.假若对句中的名词Jack提问,便可得出Whodidtheboss__kewashhiscarthistime由此可知上面题答案为A
(3)Youcanneveri__ginewhatgreatdifficultyIhad______yourhouseallbymyself.A.found B.finding C.tofind D.forfinding此题答案选B考查的基本结构是h__egreatdifficulty(in)doingsth
14.Howhappyweare!Theholidayweh__ebeenlookingforward_______atlast.A.tohascome B.toh__ecome C.toh__ingcome D.hascome陷阱几个干扰项均有可能误选分析其实正确答案是A大家知道,短语lookforwardto意为“盼望”,其中的to是介词,而不是不定式符号,所以后接动词要用动名词,许多同学据此便选择了C但问题是,句中介词to的宾语不是h__ecome,而是theholiday正解的句子分析是theholiday为句子主语,weh__ebeenlookingforwardto是修饰主语的定语从句(介词to的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词that,被省略),hascome是句子谓语请做以下类似试题
(1)The__nyoureferredto_____justnow.A.comes B.come C.coming D.came答案选D,句子主语为the__n,youreferredto为修饰the__n的定语从句,空白处填came,为句子谓语
(2)Thetheoryhesticksto______tobeofnouseinourstu___s.A.proves B.prove C.proving D.beproved答案选A,hesticksto是修饰主语thetheory的定语从句,句子的基本结构为Thetheoryprovestobeofnouseinourstu___s.
(3)Theworkhedevotedhistimeto_____worthpraising.A.was B.be C.being D.been答案选A,hedevotedhistimeto是修饰主语thework的定语从句句子的基本结构为Theworkwasworthpraising.
(4)Ithinkthisistheveryworkthatwemustfinish____her.A.tohelp B.help C.helping D.helped答案是A句中空格处填的动词help并不是finish的宾语,正确的句子分析是thatImustfinish是修饰名词theverywork的定语从句,finish的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词that,其后的不定式tohelpher是目的状语
(5)Whichdoyouenjoy____yourweekendswimmingorfishingA.spending B.beingspent C.spend D.tospend答案选Denjoy的宾语是句首的疑问词which,不是其后的动词spending此题中的tospend…用作目的状语
(5)Whattheboyenjoys_____toh__earoomofhisown.A.being B.tobe C.is D.are答案选C,而不选Awhattheboyenjoys是主语从句,空格处填的is为谓语动词
(6)Nothingthathesuggested_____tobeofanyuse.A.prove B.proved C.proving D.toprove答案选B,而不选C句子主语是nothing,thathesuggested是修饰主语的定语从句,suggested的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词that,而不是其后的动词;句子谓语是proved全句意为“他建议的情况没有一条是有用的”
(7)Theoldhousewepaidavisit_____atthetopofthehill.A.standing B.tostand C.tostanding D.tostands答案选Dwepaidavisitto是修饰theoldhouse的定语从句,句中的stands为主句谓语
(8)Thelifeheisnowused_____quitedifferentfromours.A.is B.tobe C.tobeing D.tois答案选D句中heisnowusedto是修饰thelife的定语从句,to后的动词is是句子的谓语,句意为“他现在习惯的这种生活与我们的生活很不相同”
(9)Theworkhepaidspecialattention_____tonothing.A.came B.tocome C.tocoming D.tocame答案选D句中的hepaidspecialattentionto是修饰thework的定语从句,to后的动词came是句子的谓语,句意为“他特别__的那项工作泡汤了”
(10)Theresultwhathesaidwouldlead_____hisregretinthefuture.A.is B.tobe C.tobeing D.towas答案选D句中whathesaidwouldleadto是修饰theresult的定语从句,to后的动词was是句子的谓语,句意为“他所说的话将导致的结果是他今后的后悔”
15._______theroadroundtotherightandyou’llfindhishouse.A.Follow B.Following C.Tofollow D.Followed陷阱容易误选B或C,误认为这是非谓语动词作状语分析正确答案选A根据句中的连词and可推知它是一个并列句假若将此题改为下面这样,则答案为B_______theroadroundtotherightyou’llfindhishouse.A.Follow B.Following C.Tofollow D.Followed但是,若改成下面一题这样,则答案为C(不定式短语表目的)_______theroadroundtotherighttheblind__naskedaboytoguidehim.A.Follow B.Following C.Tofollow D.Followed请做以下试题,答案均选A,都是因为句中的并列连词and(填空句为祈使句)
(1)_______tothetopofthehillandyoucanseethewholeofthetown.A.Get B.Toget C.Getting D.H__inggot
(2)______themilkandsetagoodexampletotheotherchildren.A.Drink B.Todrink C.Drinking D.H__ingdrinking
(3)______meandthentrytocopywhatIdo.A.Watch B.Watching C.Towatch D.H__ewatching
(4)_____throughthisbookand____mewhatyouthinkofit.A.Look B.Looking C.Tolook D.H__inglooked
(5)_____itwithmeandI’llseewhatIcando.A.Le__e B.Le__ing C.Ifyoule__e D.Whenleft有时不用连词连接句子,而用破折号,情况也是一样(答案均选A)如
(6)_____downtheradio—thebaby’sasleepinthenextroom.A.Turn B.Turning C.toturn D.Toh__eturned
(7)_____someofthisjui__—perhapsyouwilllikeit.A.Try B.Trying C.Totry D.Toh__etried以下各题也应选A,是因为句中的从属连词whenbeforeuntil等(填空句为祈使句)
(8)______himenoughtimetogethomebeforeyoutelephone.A.Give B.Togive C.Giving D.Given
(9)______leftwhenyougettotheendofthestreet.A.Keep B.Keeping C.Tokeep D.Kept
(10)______yourhandoveryourmouthwhenyoucough.A.Put B.Putting C.Toput D.Tobeputting
(11)______untilthelightsh__eturnedtogreen.A.Wait B.Towait C.Waiting D.H__ingwaited
(12)______thepie__sofclothwithaloosestitchbeforefinallysewingthemtogether.A.Join B.Tojoin C.Joining D.Joined以下各题也应选A,因为填空句为祈使句
(13)Idon’twanttolistenalongstory—just_____metheresult.A.____ B.____ing C.to____ D.tobe____ing
(14)Whystandtherewatching—_____andhelpus!A.come B.coming C.tocome D.tobecoming
(15)Don’twasteyourmoneyonsillythings—______it.A.s__e B.tos__e C.s__ing D.h__ings__ed
(16)First______theri__bywashingitthen______itinboilingwater.A.preparecook B.preparingcooking C.preparingcook D.preparecooking
(17)Totesteggs_____theminabowlofwater:iftheyfloatthey’rebadiftheysinkthey’regood.A.put B.putting C.toput D.tobeputting但是请注意,类似下面这样的题目情形有所不同,所填部分为目的状语(用不定式,即答案选B)
(18)______FrenchwellshewenttoFran__tolivewithhiscousins.A.Study B.Tostudy C.Studying D.H__ingstu___d
(19)_____lateinthemorningMr.__ithturnedoffthealarm.A.Sleep B.Tosleep C.Sleeping D.H__ingslept
(20)______thefliesoutwehadtoshutallthedoorsandwindows.A.Keep B.Tokeep C.Keeping D.H__ingkept
(21)______theirservi__theworkersofthehotelareactiveinlearningEnglish.A.Improving B.Toimprove C.Improve D.H__ingimproved非谓语典型题目
1.Helookedaroundandcaughta__n______hishandintothepocketofapassenger.A.put B.tobeputting C.toput D.putting
2.Whenyou’relearningtodrive_______agoodteacher__kesabigdifferen__.A.h__e B.h__ing C.andh__e D.andh__ing
3.Ifeltitagreathonour______tospeaktoyou.A.toask B.asking C.tobeasked D.h__ingasked
4.Iwouldlove_______tothe_____lastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togo B.toh__egone C.going D.h__inggone
5.Beforeyoudecidetole__eyourjob_______theeffectitwillh__eonyourfamily.A.consider B.considering C.toconsider D.considered
6.Robertissaid_______abroadbutIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestu___din.A.toh__estu___d B.tostudy C.tobestudying D.toh__ebeenstudying
7.ItissaidthatinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegover__entknows_______.A.itwhattodowith B.whattodoitwith C.whattodowithit D.todowhatwithit
8.Anyone_______bagsboxesorwhateverwasstoppedbythepoli__.A.seencarry B.seencarrying C.sawtocarry D.sawcarrying
9.MrReed__deuphismindtodevoteallhehadto_______someschoolsforpoorchildren.A.setup B.settingup C.h__esetup D.h__ingsetup
10.Thediscoveryofneweviden__ledto_______.A.thethiefh__ingcaught B.catchthethief C.thethiefbeingcaught D.thethieftobecaught
11.Shelooksforwardeveryspringto_______theflower-linedgarden.A.visit B.payingavisit C.walkin D.walkingin
12.Totesteggs_______theminabowlofwater:iftheyfloatthey’rebadiftheysinkthey’regood.A.put B.putting C.toput D.tobeputting
13.“WhereisD__id”“Heisupstairs______readytogoout.”A.toget B.getting C.tobegetting D.h__inggot
14.“Mumwhydoyoualways__kemeeataneggeveryday”“________enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.”A.Get B.Getting C.Toget D.tobegetting
15.Hewasreadinghisbookcompletely_______totheworld.A.lost B.losing C.tolose D.toh__elost
16.Welookedeverywhereforthekeysbuttheyarenowhere_______.A.tofind B.toh__efound C.tobefound D.beingfound
17.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreetbuthismothertoldhim_______.A.notto B.nottodo C.notdoit D.donotdo
18.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound_______inthekitchen.A.__oke B.__oking C.to__oke D.__oked
19.Findinghercarstolen_______.A.apoli____nwasaskedtohelp B.theareawassearchingthoroughlyC.itwaslookedforeverywhere D.shehurriedtoapoli____nforhelp
20.“Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers”“Thekey______theproblemistomeetthede__nd______bythecustomers.”A.tosolving__king B.tosolving__de C.tosolve__king D.tosolve__de
21.“Whatdoyouthink__de__rysoupset”“_______hernewbike.”A.Asshelost B.Lost C.Losing D.Becauseoflosing
22.Theresearchissodesignedthaton_________nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.begins B.h__ingbegun C.beginning D.begun
23.Though________moneyhisparents__nagedtosendhimtouniversity.A.lacked B.lackingof C.lacking D.lackedin
24.Tonywasveryunhappyfor_______tothe_____.A.h__ingnotbeeninvited B.noth__inginvited C.h__ingnotinvited D.noth__ingbeeninvited
25.ThoughIh__eoftenheardthissong_______.Ih__eneverheardyou_______it.A.beingsungsang B.sangsinging C.sungsing D.tobesungtosing
26.Heisa__noffewwordsandseldomspeaksuntil_______to.A.spoken B.speaking C.speak D.bespoken
27.WhenIhandedthereporttoJohnhesaidthatGeorgewastheperson_______.A.tosend B.forsendingit C.tosenditto D.forsendingitto
28._______ontimethismedicinewillbequiteeffective. A.Taking B.Beingtaken C.Taken D.H__ingtaken
29.Thefilmstarwalkedtohiscar______acrowdofjournalists.A.followedby B.followingby C.tofollow D.tobefollowedby
30.Afterdescribingtheplannedimprovementsshewenton_______howmuchtheywouldcost.A.toexplain B.explaining C.tobeexplaining D.h__ingexplained
31.Pleaseexcuseme_______yourletterbymistake.A.toopen B.toh__eopened C.foropening D.inopening
32.Pleaseremember_______theplantswhileI’maway.A.watering B.tobewatering C.towater D.beingwatering
33.__rtainlyIpostedyourletter—Iremember______it.A.posting B.topost C.tobeposting D.h__eposted
34.Stop_______metohurryup.Icanonlygosofast.A.to____ B.____ing C.toh__etold D.h__ingtold
35.Remember_______offthelightwhen_______tobed.A.turninggoing B.toturntogo C.turningtogo D.toturngoing
36._______timehe’ll__keafirst-classtennisplayer.A.H__inggiven B.Togive C.Giving D.Given
37._______in1636HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.A.Beingfounded B.Itwasfounded Founded D.Founding
38.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe________.A.20dollarsre__ined B.20dollarstore__in C.re__ined20dollars D.re__ining20dollars
39.Thepicture_______onthewallispaintedbymynephew.A.h__inghung B.hanging C.hangs D.beinghung
40.Withalotofdifficultproblems________thenewly-electedpresidentish__ingahardtime.A.settled B.setting C.tosettle D.beingsettled
41.H__ingatripabroadis__rtainlygoodfortheoldcouplebutitre__ins_______whethertheywillenjoyit.A.tosee B.tobeseen C.seeing D.seen
42.Tonywasveryunhappyfor_______tothe_____.A.h__ingnotbeeninvited B.noth__inginvited C.h__ingnotinvited D.noth__ingbeeninvited
43.“Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou”“I’dliketoh__ethispackage_______.”A.beweighed B.tobeweighed C.toweigh D.weighed
44.Whath__ewesaid_______hersohappyA.__kes B.to__ke C.__de D.has__de
45.Whatworriedthechildmostwas______tovisithismotherinthehospital.A.hisnotallowing B.hisnotbeingallowed Chisbeingnotallowed D.h__ingnotbeingallowed
46.“Whichsweaterisyours”“Theone_______No.
9.”A.that__rked B.was__rkedwith C.which__rked D.__rkedwith
47.Ifthecarwon’tstart_____it.A.trypush B.trypushing C.totrypushing D.totrytopush
48.Theystayedupuntilmidnight_____theoldyearoutandthenewyearin.A.andsaw B.tosee C.seeing D.forseeing 答案与解析
1.选Dcatch__doingsth意为“碰上某人在做某事”或“逮住某人做某事”
2.选B这是一个含when引导时间状语从句的主从复合句,h__ingagoodteacher在主句中用作主语
3.选C句中的it为形式主语,不定式tobeaskedtospeaktoyou为真正主语,因“我”与ask为被动关系,故用被动式
4.选Blike和love后接不定式或动名词均可,但wouldlove/like后只能接不定式,据此可排除选项C、D表示过去未曾实现的愿望,其后要接不定式完成式,即选B
5.选A,before引导的是时间状语从句,填空句为主句,而此主句为一祈使句,故动词用原形其中itwillh__e…为修饰名词theeffect的宾语从句
6.选A根据句中的stu___d可知,他曾到国外留过学,也就是说“留学”这个动作已结束并发生在谓语动作(issaid)之前,故用完成式,即选A
7.选Cdowith与what连用可以表示“处置”、“放置”、“利用”等如WhatshallIdowithit怎样处置它好呢Whath__eyoudonewithmyumbrella你把我的雨伞放到哪里去了Idon’tknowwhattodowiththisstrangeo__ect.我不知道这怪东西有什么用
8.选Banyoneseencarryingbags…为anyonewhowasseencarryingbags之略,其中过去分词短语seencarryingbags…用作定语修饰代词anyone另外,句中的whowasseencarryingbags为see__doingsth这一结构的被动式
9.选Bdevote…to…的意思是“把……贡献给……”或“致力于……”,其中to是介词,不是不定式符号,若后接动词要用动名词句中的hehad为定语从句,用以修饰all,注意不将hadto视为同一个语义结构
10.选Cleadto意为“导致”,其中的to是介词,不是不定式符号,若后接动词要用动名词由于逻辑主语thethief与catch为被动关系,故答案选C
11.选Dlookforwardto意为“期盼”,其中to是介词,后接动词要用动名词注意不能选B,因为payavisit不能带theflower-linedgarden作宾语,假若在payingavisit后加上介词to,则可选B
12.选A句首的totesteggs为目的状语,填空句为祈使句谓语,故要用动词原形
13.选B现在分词短语表伴随
14.选Ctogetenoughproteinandnutrition表目的
15.选A(be)losttosth为习语,意为“不再受某事物的影响”、“将某事物置之度外”
16.选C因keys与find是被动关系
17.选A不定式的否定式总是将否定词not置于不定式符号to之前,而不能置于其后,同时结合______(not)todosth这一结构可排除选项C、D当不定式的动词是前面已出现过的相同的动词时,为避免重复,通常省略该不定式而只保留不定式符号to
18.选Bfind后可接现在分词(表示动作在进行)或过去分词(表被动关系)作宾语补足语,但是不接不定式另外,由于he与__oke是主动关系,故选B
19.选D非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语就是句子主语比较四个选项,findinghercarstolen的逻辑主语显然是she,而不是apoli____ntheareait等,故选D
20.选Bthekeyto…意为“……的关键”,其中的to是介词,不是不定式符号,若后接动词要用动名词另一方面,名词de__nd与__ke是被动关系(__kede__nds提出要求),同时根据句中的bythecustomers,可确定答案选B
21.选C答句是针对疑问词what的回答,而问句中的疑问词what在句中用作主语,所以答句也应是一个能用作主语的东西,比较四个选项,只有C合适其完整回答形式为Losinghernewbike__de__rysoupset.比较,下面一题要填不定式,因为四个选项中只有Tochooseanewchair__n能回答疑问词why“Whywasaspecialmeetingcalled”“______anewchair__n.”A.Choose B.ChoosingC.Tochoose D.Chosen
22.选D由于theresearch与begin是被动关系,故用过去分词begunOn__begun可视为on__itisbegun之省略
23.选C由于hisparents与lackmoney(缺钱)是主动关系,故用现在分词,又因为lack是及物动词,故后接宾语无需用介词,故选C
24.选D非谓语动词的否定式要将否定词not放在整个非谓语动词之前,据此可排除A、C另外,由于Tony与invite是被动关系,故选D
25.C第一空填sung,因为song与sing是被动关系;第二空填sing,因为you与sing是主动关系
26.选Auntilspokento可视为untilheisspokento之略
27.选C,不定式短语tosenditto用作状语,修饰其前的名词theperson注意句尾的介词to不能省略,因为被修饰的名词theperson为介词to的逻辑宾语
28.选Cthismedicine与动词take为被动关系,故用过去分词
29.选A从句意上看,人群跟在明星后面,反过来,明星便是被人群跟着
30.选Agoondoingsth=继续做同一事情,goontodosth=做完某事后续继做某事
31.选Cexcuse__fordoingsth意为“原谅某人做了某事”
32.选Crememberdoingsth=记住曾经做过的事,remembertodosth=记住要做的事
33.选Arememberdoingsth=记住曾经做过的事,remembertodosth=记住要做的事
34.选B根据下文的Icanonlygosofast知前文应是叫对方不要老催自己快走比较stopdoingsth=停止做某事,stoptodosth=停下正在做的事去干另一事
35.选D一是分清以下两个结构remembertodosth=记住做某事,rememberdoingsth=记住曾做过某事;二是注意whengoingtobed相当于whenyougotobed
36.选D由于动词give与其逻辑主语he是动宾关系,故用过去分词,即选D其中Giventime可视为Ifheisgiventime之略
37.C由于Harvard(哈佛大学)与found(建立)是被动关系,且因句中有in1636,故选C注意不能选B,否则前后两句之间缺少必要的连词
38.选D,由于re__in为不及物动词,所以包含过去分词re__ined的A和C不宜选(因为两者均含有被动意味);选项B也不宜选,不定式tore__in用作修饰20dollars的后置定语,由于彼此之间有逻辑上的动宾关系,故不妥(因为re__in不及物)现在分词re__ining的意思是“剩下的“
39.选B动词hang表示“悬挂”时,可用作及物或不及物动词,此处填hanging或hung均可,但不能填beinghung,因为它表示动作正在进行,而此处表示的是一种悬挂的状态40选C“with+名词+不定式”的意思是“有……要……”又如Ican’tgooutwithalltheseclothestowash. 要洗这些衣服,我无法出去了Withsuchgoodcardrestocarryoutthe_____’spolicywefeelsafe.有这样的好干部执行党的政策,我们感到放心
41.选Bre__in作“尚需”解,是连系动词,其后要接不定式作表语由于see与it(形式主语,指whethertheywillenjoyit)是动宾关系,因此用不定式的被动式
42.选D否定词not应放在动名词之前,故排除A、C;又因为Tony与invite是被动关系,故选D
43.选D“h__e+名词或代词+过去分词”结构在此表示“请某人做某事”
44.选Bto__kehersohappy是结果状语注意词序Whath__ewe…,不是Whatweh__e…比较下面一题(答案选D)Whatweh__esaid________hersohappy.A.__kes B.to__keC.__de D.has__de
45.选B否定词not应放在-ing形式之前,逻辑主语his之后,由此可排除C和D;又因为thechild与allow是被动关系,故选B
46.选D__rkedwith可视为whichis__rkedwithNo.9之略
47.选B注意句首为if引导的条件状语从句,填空句为祈使句,故第一个动词应是try,不应是totry;另外,trydoingsth的意思是“做某事试试看有何效果”
48.选B不定式表目的【模拟一】
1.—Canyourideahorse —NoIneverhadthechan______.A.forlearningit B.forlearninghow C.howtolearnit D.tolearnhow
2.Paulsaid“Givemeachair_____.”A.tosit B.sit C.siton D.tositon
3.Irantoofast______whereIwasgoing.A.tonoti__ B.formetonoti__ C.tonoti__forme D.andnoti__
4.—H__eyouenjoyedyourvisithere —YesI’llbeverysorry______.A.forle__ing B.ofle__ing C.tole__e D.withle__ing
5.—I’llhelpyouwheneveryouneedme. —Good.I’dlike_____metomorrow.A.youhelping B.thatyouwillhelp C.youtohelp D.thatyouhelp
6.—Ididn’thearyoucomeinlastnight. —That’sgood.Wetried_____noisy.A.notbe B.nottobe C.tobenot D.tonotbe
7.Becauseofairpollutionbeinggreatlyredu__dthiscityisstill______.A.agoodpla__whichtobelivedin B.livedasagoodpla__C.agoodpla__tolivein D.livinginasagoodpla__
8.—Whywastheofficialmeetingcalled —______newoffi__rs.A.Select B.Selecting C.Toselect D.Forselecting
9.—Wheredidhego —Hewenttoanotherstore______.A.tobuypencils B.forbuyingpencils C.buypencils D.buyingpencils
10.—Mybabyhasahearttrouble. —Didthedoctorfinditdifficult______A.intreating B.treating C.fortreating D.totreat
11.—Didthejudgeaskyou__nyquestions —Yesand______.A.theyweredifficulttobeanswered B.toanswerthemwastobedifficultC.theyweredifficulttoanswer D.theyhaddifficultyinanswering
12.Thatbeggarseems_____anythingyesterday.A.nottoh__eeaten B.nottoeat C.didn’teat D.tonoth__eeaten
13.Thelostchilddesirednothingbut_____home.A.go B.togo C.going D.went
14.Thatboxis____.A.toohe__yformetocarry B.toohe__yformetocarryitC.sohe__yformetocarry D.veryhe__yformetocarry
15.Wouldyoube______todomeaf__ourpleaseA.sokindas B.tookind C.askindas D.enoughkind
16.TolearntospeakEnglishwell_____.A.muchpracti__isneeded B.oneneedsmuchpracti__C.muchpracti__isneededbyone D.oneisneededmuchpracti__
17.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident______losehisjob.A.sonotasto B.soasnotto C.soastonot D.notsoasto
18.LastsummerItookacourseon______.A.howto__kedresses B.howdressesbe__de C.howtobe__dedresses D.howdressestobe__de
19.Thehouseisnotlargeenough____.A.tolivein B.tobelivedin C.tolive D.forliving
20.Nobodylikes______.A.tospeakillof B.tobespokenillof C.speakingillof D.spokenillof
21.Iknowhim______agoodfootballplayerwhileincollege.A.toh__ebeen B.tobe C.was D.hadbeen
22.Iwassurprised______.A.watchinghimtoeatsoquickly B.watchhimeatsoquicklyC.watchinghimeatsoquickly D.towatchhimeatsoquickly
23.Mr.Whitewasseen______thePala__Museum.A.enter B.toenter C.entered D.toentering
24.Isaw__ry____thehouse.A.openthedoorandgointo B.toopenthedoorandtogointoC.openthedoorandtogointo D.openthedoorandwentinto
25.Pauldoesnothingbut_____alldaylong.A.play B.toplay C.playing D.played
26.Nowwecouldnotdoanythingbut______forhimhere.A.waited B.waiting C.towait D.wait
27.Idon’tknowherandIdon’t______.A.want B.wantto C.wantit D.towant
28.—Gotothetheatrewithmewillyou —Ishouldlike______butIdon’th__etime.A.to B.too C.todo D.togoto
29.Toplayfairisasimportantas______.A.toplaywell B.playwell C.weplaywell D.playingwell
30.Itisthegreatesthappinessonearth______.A.lovingandtobeloved B.toloveandbeinglovedC.toloveandtobeloved D.loveandbeloved
31._____isbettertolovethan_____.A.Thattobeloved B.Thatbeloved C.Itbeloved D.Ittobeloved
32.It’sveryfoolish_____it A.foryoutosay B.ofyoutosay C.withyousaying D.inyoursaying
33.It______metwohourstofindyournewhouse.A.cost B.took C.spent D.used
34.Wedidnotexpectouroffer_____soquickly.A.rejected B.toreject C.toberejected D.rejecting
35.Hetoldher______thereaton__.A.get B.gets C.shouldget D.toget
36.Weallthinkitmostfoolish______thismistake.A.foryou__king B.ofyouto__ke C.youto__ke D.foryouto__ke
37.Ireallydon’tknow____.A.toswim B.howtoswim C.toswimhow D.howswim
38.—WhatdoyouthinkaboutEnglish —It’sadifficultlanguage_____A.speaking B.tobespoken C.tospeak D.spoken【____】1~5DDACC 6~10BCCAD 11~15CABAA 16~20BBAAB 21~25ADBAA 26~30DBAAC 31~35DBBCD 36~38BBC【模拟二】
1.Aliensaidthathistripwas_______.A.interested B.interest C.interesting D.ofinterest
2.Wecan’tunderstand______adecisionuntilitistoolate.A.himtopostponeto__ke B.hispostponingto__keC.himtopostpone__king D.hispostponing__king
3.Icouldn’tunderstand______atthepoorchild.A.youtolaugh B.youlaugh C.whylaugh D.youlaughing
4.It’snouse______withhim.Youmightaswell______withastonewall.A.arguingargue B.toarguearguing C.arguingarguing D.toargueargue
5.Itisnogood______today’sworkfortomorrow.A.tole__e B.le__ing C.thatyoule__e D.le__e
6.Theold__n’s______pityonthesnakeledtohisowndeath.A.take B.taking C.beingtaken D.h__e
7.It’sverykind______you______sayso.A.ofto B.forto C.toto D.of/
8.Somepeople’sgreatestpleasureis______.A.fishing B.tofish C.tobefish D.beingfishing
9.Remember______thebookwhenyouh__efinishedit.A.puttingback B.h__ingputback C.toputback D.willputback
10.Youdidn’thearuscomebacklastnight.That’sgood.Wetried______noisy.A.tonotbe B.nottobe C.beingnot D.notbeing
11.Thoughhefailedhetried_______itagainandagain.A.todo B.doing C.do D.done.
12.You’llregret______thosewords.You__yhurtherfeelings.A.say B.tosay C.h__ingsaid D.toh__esaid
13.Youcankeepthebookuntilyou______.A.h__efinishedreading B.finishtoreadC.willfinishreading D.h__efinishedtoread
14.Wearelookingforwardto______anotherchan________itagain.A.begiventotry B.givetotry C.givingtrying D.h__ingtotry
15.Mostofthestudentsenjoy_____stamps.A.collect B.tocollect C.collecting D.collected
16.Excusemefor_____inwithout______.A.comingasking B.comingbeingasked C.tocomeasking D.tocomebeingasked
17.Peoplecouldn’thelp______thefoolishgirl.A.laughat B.tolaughat C.laughingat D.laughing
18.“Whatdoyouthinkofthebook” “Oh.ex__llentit’sworth_______asecondtime.”A.toread B.toberead C.reading D.beingread
19.“Iusuallygotherebytrain.” “Whynot______byboatforachange”A.totrygoing B.tryingtogo C.totryandgo D.trygoing
20.Iwastooexcited______.A.speak B.tospeak C.nottospeak D.speaking
21.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered______thefirstcomputer.A.toinvent B.inventing C.toh__einvented D.h__inginvented
22.Itisnouse_____tocomenow.Heisbusy.A.askhim B.toaskhim C.thatyouaskhim D.askinghim
23.Themurderwasbroughtinwithhishands_______behindhisback.A.beingtied B.h__ingtied C.tobetied D.tied
24.Mrs__ithwarnedherdaughter____afterdrinking.A.nevertodrive B.toneverdrive C.neverdrivi D.neverdrive.
25.Thecomputer__ntre______lastyearisverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.open B.opening C.h__ingopened D.opened.
26.Doyouknowtheboy_______underthebigtreeA.lay B.lain C.laying D.lying
27.Mostoftheartists______tothe_____‘werefromSouthAfrica.A.invited B.toinvite C.beinginvited D.hadbeeninvited
28.Englishisalanguage______in__nycountries.A.spoken B.speaking C.bespoken D.tospeak
29.“Canyouread”__rysaid tothenoti__.A.angrilypointing B.andpointangrily C.angrilypointed D.andangrilypointing
30.Therewasaterriblenoise_______thesuddenburstofTight.A.followed B.following C.tobefollowed D.beingfollowed
31.____moreattentionthetreescouldh__egrownbetter.A.Given B.Togive C.Giving D.H__inggiven
32._____theirstudentsthefamousteachercameintothehall.A.Followed B.FollowedbyC.Beingfollowed D.H__ingbeenfollowed
33.Yourflatneeds_____.Wouldyoulikeme itforyou A.tocleantodo B.cleaningdoing C.cleaningtodo D.tobecleaneddoing
34.Doesyournewsecretary ____shorthandA.knowtotake B.knowhowtotake C.knowhowtake D.knowhowtaking
35.Tommyhadhisbigbrother_____hisshoesforhim.A.totie B.tie C.tied D.tying
36.Wouldyouplease______writeonthetextbooksA.don’t B.notto C.not D.tonot
37.I’d______theoperationunlessitisabsolutelyne__ssary.A.rathernoth__e B.rathernottoh__e C.notratherhad D.rathernoth__ing
38.YourmotherandIarelookingforward________you.A.ofseeing B.forseeing C.tosee D.toseeing
39.Thegirlcouldn’t_____howredhisfa__was.A.helptonoti__ B.behelpingtonoti__ C.behelpingnoticing D.helpnoticing
40.Excusemebutitistimetoh__eyourtemperature______. A.taking B.totake C.take D.taken答案1~5CDDAB 6~10BAACB 11~15BCADC 16~20BCCDB 21~25CDDAD26~30DAAAB 31~35ABCBB 36~40CADDD【模拟三】
1.Thereisnoquestionof_____abletofinishithimself.A.Tomwas B.Tom’sbeing C.Tom’sbe D.Tomis
2.Thenewshopping__nter_____nowwillbeputintousebytheendofthisyear.A.built B.bebuilt C.beingbuilt D.tobebuilt
3.“H__eyouhadsupper” “Notyet.Themeal_____.”A.arebeingcooked B.isbeingcooked C.iscooked D.arecooked
4.“I’mglad______youhereinthehotel.” “It’smygreatpleasuretoh__eyou______us.”A.meetingto B.toh__emetwith C.h__ingmetamong D.tomeetof
5.I’mafraidIcan’t__kemyself_____inEnglish.A.understanding B.understand C.tobeunderstood D.understood
6.AlthoughinahurryWilson______.A.couldn’tstopwalking B.couldn’thelpthestrangerC.stoppedtohelpthestranger D.didn’tanswerthestranger
7.Janetiseasy_____.A.forgettingalongwith B.bygettingalongwith C.togetalongwith D.gotalongwith
8.Don’tforget______thelightwhenyoule__e.A.turnoff B.toturnoff C.turningoff D.turnedoff
9.Themotherisveryglad;herbabyisbeginning______.A.understandingwhatshemeans B.tounderstandthatshemeantC.tounderstandwhatshemeans D.noticingwhatshemeans
10.Ithinkthisstoryis_____.A.worthbeingread B.worthreading C.worthtoread D.worthofreading
11.Thisscientistisa__n______praise.A.worthto B.worthytobe C.worthyof D.worth
12.Idon’twant______anymoretroubleyouseeA.therebeing B.ittobe C.itbeing D.theretobe
13.Whenshereturnedhomeshefoundthewindowopenandsomething______.A.stealing B.missed C.stolen D.tosteal
14.Strictly_____itisn’tworththepri__youareasking.A.tospeak B.speaking C.speak D.spoken
15.Time______they’llcomeheretowatchus______football.A.permittedplaying B.permittedtoplay C.permittingplay D.permittingtoplay
16.The__nwasseen_____intothecourtyard.A.stealing B.stolen C.bestealing D.hadstolen
17.Bobshouldlove_____tothe_____tomorrowevening.A.taking B.tobetaken C.totake D.beingtaken
18.Tomhadnochoi__but____theclassroomwithhisclas__ates.A.toclean B.clean C.cleaning D.cleans
19.Mr.BrownsaidthathiscarneededA.toberepaired B.beingrepaired C.berepairing D.torepair
20.Theold__ndidn’tknowwhethertosellthecaror____.A.beingkeptforlateruse B.keptforlateruseC.tokeepitforlateruse D.tobekeptitforlateruse
21.Thenoiseofthedesks_____couldbeheardinthenextclassroom.A.beingopenedandclosed B.openedandclosedC.h__ingbeenopenedandclosed D.tobeopenedandclosed
22.Iremember_____someone____theumbrellaaway.A.toseetake B.h__ingseentotake C.toseetotake D.h__ingseentake
23.Shewasnoti__d______theshop.A.toenter B.enter C.h__ingentered D.entered
24.Icouldn’thelp_____whenIheardthejoke.A.beinglaughed B.laughing C.tobelaughing D.tolaugh
25._____sheburstintotears.A.Deeplymoved B.DeeplymovingC.Asshedeeplymoved D.Asshewasdeeplymoving
26.Theproblemrequires______.A.studyingwithgreatcare B.tostudycarefullyC.tobestu___dwithoutcarelessness D.takinggreatcareofstudyingit
27._____carelesslytheboy__demistakeshereandthere. .A.beingwritten B.Wrote C.Write D.Writing
28.Hewouldrather______hisparentswiththeirhouseworkthan_____outtoplaygames.A.tohelptogo B.helpgo C.helptogo D.tohelpgo
29.Theboyhadhisleg_____while____football.A.brokenplaying B.breakplay C.brokenplayed D.brokewasplaying
30.H__ingfinishedthework_____. A.itwasalmostsixo’clock B.apost__ncameanddeliveredtheeveningpaperandsomelettersC.supperhadbeenalreadyprepared D.wehadarestandthenhadsupper
31.Heisill.Hehaskept_____.A.coughingallalong B.tocoughatnight C.coughsin__yesterday D.beingcougheddayandnight
32.Itisnouse____without_____.A.totalkdoing B.takingbeingdone C.talkingdoing D.beingtalkedbeingtodo
33.“Iusuallygotherebyboat.” “Whynot_____bytrainforachange”A.trygoing B.totrygoing C.tryingtogo D.totryandgo
34._____shefeltquiteshyatthe_____.A.Assheastranger B.Beingastranger C.Accordingtoastranger D.Shelikeastranger
35.Everymorninghegetsupearlyandpractises______andthen_____toschool.A.toreadEnglishgo B.readingEnglishgoingC.readingEnglishgoes D.ofreadingEnglishgoes
36.While_____footballontinplaygroundIfound‘mykeys______.A.playinglost B.playlosing C.playedbeinglost D.h__ingplayedlost
37.____thesamemistakesagain__dehisparentsveryangry.A.Hish__ing__de B.Hehas__de C.Hehad__king D.Him__king
38.______deit______toallhisfriends.A.toknow B.known C.know D.knowing
39.Annaspendsonehouraday_____spokenEnglish.A.practise B.topractise C.onpractising D.inpractising
40.Noonewassurprisedat_____theexamination.A.hepassing B.hispass C.himpass D.hispassing
41.Althoughswimmingishisf__ouritesportyethedoesn’tlike_____today.A.toswim B.swimming C.swim D.toh__eswim
42.Shesatatthedeskandsetabout_____alettertoherfriend.A.towrite B.writing C.write D.written
43.Thissoupiscold;itneeds_____.A.toheat B.tobeheated C.beinghot D.heated
44.Iwent______aballoonbutIdidn’tseeanyone_____balloons.A.tobuytosell B.tobuyselling C.buyingselling D.buyingtosell
45.Annaisoftenheard_____songsinherroom A.sung B.singing C.sing D.tosing
46.Themoreyoupractise______Englishthebetteryour_____Englishwillbe.A.tospeakspeaking B.speakingspoken C.spokenspoken D.spokenspeaking答案1~5BCBBD 6~10CCBCB 11~15CDCBC 16~20ABAAC 21~25ADABA26~30ADBAD 31~35ACABC 36~40AABDD 41~46ABBBDB。