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托福语法基础
61.When---inarcticregionstheAleutsconstructigloosastemporarywintershelters.Atr__elBtotr__elCtr__elingthemDtr__eling答案D测试点省略句分析引导状语成分的连词when可后接从句或亦可接分词When+分词短语相当于从句省掉了主语和系词,即whentheAleutsaretr__elinginarcticlegions.A动词原形和B不定式均不可与when连用作状语;C多了them.解题要点时间状语从句的连词whenwhile后可直接加分词短语条件是这一从句的主语应与主句的主语同一人/物
2.Mostsubstan__scontractwhentheyfreezesothatthedensityofasubstan__’ssolidis---ofitsliquid.AthanthehigherdensityBhigherthanthedensityCthedensityishigherthanthatDthehigherthedensity答案B测试点比较级/词序.分析比较级的句式要求动词+形容词或副词比较级+than+被比较的成份,4个答案中只有B符合此结构.
3.Themechani__bywhichbrain__llsstorememoriesis---clearlyunderstood.AnoneBnoCnotDnor答案C测试点否定词.分析否定动词要用副词not.
4.Desertani__ls---ameansofretainingmoistureinsuchahotdrycli__teiftheyaretosurvive.AneedBneedingCtoneedDwasneeded答案A测试点谓语.分析空格两边都是名词性成份,说明所缺为谓语动词.答案中A可作谓语.BC不能单独作谓语;D用了被动式,与句意不合
5.---stateofWyomingisalsoknownasthe“EqualityState”becauseWyomingwomenwerethefirstinthenationtovote.ATheBThereisaCThattheDAsthe答案A测试点冠词.分析空格后是一完整的复合句,空格内不可能填入带有连词或动词成分的B、C或D.这里缺少的是限定stateofWyoming的定冠词the.
6.Fructoseisamonosaccharidesugarthatismuchsweeter---.AthancanesugardoesBdoescanesugarCcanesugarDthancanesugar答案D测试点比较句式.分析看到比较级的sweeter一词,就应在答案中寻找以than开头的形式,即A和D.A中动词does与比较级前半部分系词不一致,而答案D是省略了系词is.的正确形式.解题要点;比较级结构要求前后比较的两部分句子结构一样,应然,助动词do,does,did及系词be在后半部分可以省略.
7.Groundplansandcontour__psoftheEarth---fromaerialphotographs.AcanbedrawnBcandrawCtodrawDdrawn答案A测试点谓语/被动语态.分析空格前是名词性成份,所缺为谓语动词.空格后有from短语,说明谓语动词应为被动态,故选A.B为主动态;CD都是动词的非谓语形式分词,前缺助动词.解题要点空格后出现from或by的短语,动词常常是被动态.
8.Bythemiddleofthetwentieth__nturypaintersandsculptorsintheUnitedStateshadbeguntoexert---overart.Ainfluen__worldwideagreatBagreatworldwideinfluen__Cinfluen__agreatworldwideDaworldwideinfluen__答案B测试点词序分析exert的宾语应是名词influen__,应在答案中分辨哪个是以influen__为中心词的词,即B.解题要点;多个形容词修饰名词时词序排列是有规律的.其中心词名词位置一般在最后,冠词在最前面.其间的多个形容词则依与中心名词的修饰关系的强弱而从后往前排列.此句首先强调的是一个全球性的影响worldwideinfluen__然后再说明这个“全球性影响”是巨大的agreatworldwideinfluencc.
9.---millionsofgalaxiesexistinthevastspa__outsidetheMilkyWay.AItisesti__tedthatBAnesti__tethatCThatisesti__tedDThattheesti__ted答案A测试点形式主语/复合句分析空格后为完整的句子,空格前可能是短语或句子BD都是不完整的结构;C与后文之间无连词,故选A.It是形式主语,that后的从句才是真正的主语.
10.Theextentoftheharmfuleffectoflocoweedsonani__lsdependsonthesoil---theplantsgrow.AwhichBwhichinCinwhichDin答案C测试点介词+which结构.分析空格后为主谓完整的定语从句.Inwhich=where介词+关系代词=关系副词,用来修饰先行词soil,表示地点.解题要点关系代词which在宾语从句中,应承担其主语或宾语的身份.如从句中主语、宾语俱全或如此句grow为不及物动词,无需有宾语,则应考虑用关系副词,或其变形介词+which此形式为TOEFL常考题型
11.Theoperettafirst---asapopularformofmusicaltheaterinthenineteenth__ntury.AtoemergeBemergingChasemergedDemerged答案D测试点谓语.分析句中缺谓语动词,而AB都是动词的非谓语形式,不可单独作谓语.C是完成时,不能与副词first搭配,故选D.
12.---complexorganiccatalystsoriginatinginliving__lls.AEnzymesBEnzymesareCEnzymeswhichareDEnzymeswhilethey答案B测试点主谓结构.分析句子主、谓均缺,应在答案中选择主语+动词的形式,即B.A无动词;CD含有从句.
13.IntheeasternpartofNewJersey---a__jorshippingand__nufacturing__nter.AliesthecityofElizabethBthecityofElizabethliesthereCaroundthecityofElizabethliesDthereliesthecityofElizabetharound答案A测试点倒装句分析表示地点的介词短语放在句首,通常后面的句子要倒装应在答案中选择动词+名词的形式,即A.解题要点;遇到倒装句,在4个答案中寻找以动词开头的形式.
14.Workinparapsychology---hasattractedarelatively__allnumberofscientists.AisaverycontroversialfieldBwhichaverycontroversialfieldisCaverycontroversialfieldDafieldverycontroversialwhich答案C测试点同位语.分析主语后面的空格,两边用逗号隔开,常常要么是分词短语作定语,要么是同位语.应在答案中选择说明主语性质的名词性结构作其同位语,即C.A多了动词;BD与从句有关.
15.---theconstitutionoftheCherokeeNationprovidedforachiefexecutiveasenateandahouseofrepresentatives.AIn1827theydraftedBThedraftin1827CIn1827wasdraftedDDraftedin1827答案D测试点分词短语/状语分析空格位于句首,后面用逗号与完整的句子隔开,所缺常常是状语D为分词短语,作时间状语解题要点;过去分词+in+年份是TOEFL常考短语.
16.Sociologicalstu___sh__efoundthatdeeplyholdvaluesandprinciplesarehighlyresistanttochange.答案B测试点词形.分析修饰名词values应当用动词的过去分词,而hold是动词原形.应为held.解题要点分词的作用相当于形容词.
17.For__nturieslargecommunitiesofpeopleh__elivingonhouseboatsinpartsoftheworldwherethecli__teiswarmandthewatersarecalm.答案A测试点时态.分析H__eliving是错误用法,应为h__ebeenliving、
18.BenjaminFranklin__dethefirstbifocalspectaclesforselfbysawingthelensesofhiseyeglassesinhalf.答案B测试点反身代词/近义词分析self为名词,意为“自我,本性”;此处应用反身代词himself指代主语BenjaminFranklin.
19.Notonlydoartificialreefsprovidefishwithfoodandsheltertheyalsoserveasimportantlyunderwaterland__rks.答案D测试点词性.分析修饰名词land__rks应用形容词,而importantly是副词.应为important.解题要点当划线的是-ly结尾的副词时,应注意其是否错用,是否应为形容词.
20.TheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculturesupervisesthequalitycleanandpurityofmeat.答案A测试点并列结构.分析关键词是and,它所连接的部分应同词性、同形式.此处应用名词cleanness与quality和purity并列
21.Allbirdsalikemostreptilesandafewprimitive__m__lsdevelopfromembryosineggsoutsidethemother’sbody.答案B测试点like和alike的用法分析TOEFL题中,这两个词常见错用.alike是形容词或副词,like才是介词,可后接名词.此处应为like.解题要点题目中遇有划线的alike,应首先考虑它是否用错.
22.Theexpansionof_____trainingprogramshasresultedpartiallyfromthefeministmovementwhichencouragingwomentoimprovetheirskillsforthejob__rket.答案C测试点词形.分析which是从句主语,其后接谓语动词.encouraging不能单独作谓语.应为encourages.
23.Themostsignificantco__ologicalcharacteristicofthegalaxiesaretheredshiftintheiropticalspectra.答案B测试点主谓数的一致.分析主语是单数的characteristic,系动词也要用单数的is不用are.
24.JamesWhistlerwasindifferenttothetitlesofhispaintedandevenchangedthenamesofsomeworksyearsaftertheircompletion.答案C测试点词性分析代词his后接名词性成份,而painted是动词的形式应为paintings
25.DukeEllington’sorchestraplayinghisoriginalcompositionsandarrangementsachievingafineunityofstyleand__denumerousinnovationsinmodernjazz.答案B测试点词性/并列结构分析此句由and连接两个并列的谓语部分,此处应用achieved与__de并列.
26.Molesarealmostcompletelyblindalthoughitstinyeyescandistinguishlightfromdark.答案B测试点代词数的一致.分析此处代词所代为复数的Moles因此也应用复数的their.解题要点代词与其所指代的名词数的不一致是TOEFL常考题型,改错题中有划线的代词则应首先考虑其单复数是否正确.
27.Noiseisapsychologicaltermreferringtowardunpleasantunwantedorintolerablesound.答案B测试点习语分析Referto是固定的短语,不用toward
28.ElizabethBlackwellthefirstwo__nmedicaldoctorintheUnitedStatesfoundedtheNewYorkInfir__ryaninstitutionthath__ealwayshadacompletelyfe__lemedicalstaff.答案C测试点主谓数的一致.分析that引导的定语从句修饰先行词aninstitution,从句主语that指代单数的Institution,故其谓语也应用动词的单数形式.h__e应为has.
29.Criminalcontemptcommittedinthepresen__ofthecourt__yconsistofdisorderlybeh__iordisrespectfulordisobe___n__ofajudge’sorders.答案D测试点词性/并列结构.分析连词or所连接的成份应同词性、同形式.句中or前后均是名词,固此,Ddisrespectful应为disrespect.解题要点or与and一样,当连接两项或两项以上并列成分时,应注意相连各项是否相等
30.TheCubistmovementinartwasareactionagainsttraditionalmethodsofportrayreality.答案C测试点词形.分析of要求后接名词性的成份作其宾语,而portray是动词.应用动名词portraying.
31.Duringthe1600’sskilledshoe__kersscar__wereinwhatisnowtheUnitedStates.答案C测试点词序.分析形容词scar__应置于系词were的后面,作表语.
32.Ifaatomlosesanyofitselectronsitbecomespositivelychargedandcancombinechemicallywithotheratoms.答案A测试点冠词.分析a和an的用法atom是以元音开头的名词,前面冠词要用an而不用a.解题要点注意划线的冠词a或an是否用错.
33.TheNationalEducationAssociationconductextensiveresearchonagreat__nyaspectsofeducation.答案A测试点主谓数的一致分析主语Association为单数,谓语动词也要用单数形式应为conducts
34.Thepain-killingagentmostcommonlyadministeredindentistryisthelocalanestheticwhoprodu__slossoffeelingonlyinaspecificarea.答案C测试点从句连接词who和which的用法.分析定语从句修饰说明anesthetic麻醉剂,作主语的关系代词,指代的是物不是人,不能用who.应为which.解题要点who/which混淆用错的题型在TOEFL考题中很常见.遇到这两个关系代词划线时,应务必认清它所限定的先行词是人还是物.
35.__rtaintypesofcomputersworkproperlyonlyinenviro__entswithcontrolledpreciselytemperatures.答案D测试点词序.分析分词作定语时,与其所修饰的名词之间不要加入副词.应为preciselycontrolledtemperature
36.Thegorillawhilenotascuriousthanthechimpanzeeshowsmorepersisten__andmemoryretentioninsolvingaproblem.答案B测试点as…as…的用法.分析看到句中的as,应立即注意后面的即是否缺失.than应为as.解题要点连词as与than本毫无关系,词意也不相同,但TOEFL考题中竞有几次把二者混淆错用.应注意划线的as或than.
37.Thebeliefinfairiesh__eexistedfromearliesttimesandtheliteratureof__nycountriesincludestalesoffairiesandtheirrelationshiptohu__ns.答案A测试点主谓数的一致.分析主语为单数的belief,谓语也要用单数的动词形式.h__e应为has.
38.Acrylicpaintenablesartiststoexperimentwith__nycolorseffects.答案D测试点名词的数.分析名词作定语时,应用其单数形式,不加s.此处应用color修饰effects.
39.SaltLakeCityUtah’scapitalandlargestcityisindustrialandbanking__nter.答案C测试点冠词分析名词__nter前缺冠词应为isanindustrial…__nter
40.Arat’ssharpteethcangnawthroughwoodplasterorsoftmetallicsuchaslead.。