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专题二 代词和数词
一、代词在句子中代替名词或名词词组的词英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种1.人称代词还有主格和宾格之分,在句中作主语和宾语它有人称、数和格的变化Isawhiminthestreetyesterdayafternoon.2.物主代词是表示所有关系的代词,它有形容词性和名词性两种形容词性物主代词相当于形容词的性质,放在名词之前,在句中常作定语名词性物主代词相当于名词,后面不能使用名词,在句中作主语、宾语和表语Theirschoolistwi__asbigasours.3.反身代词是由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词和第三人称代词宾格,后面加词尾self或者selves构成反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系,在人称、性、数上保持一致反身代词在句中可用作动词宾语、介词宾语、表语和同位语Tomtaughthimself__thswhenhewas10yearsold.4.指示代词是用来指示或标志人或事物的代词它们主要有thisthatthesethose指示代词所指的对象取决于谈话双方都熟悉的语境指示代词在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语Thiscarisnotmine.Thatoneoverthereismine.5.疑问代词是引导的疑问句为特殊疑问句一般放在疑问句的句首疑问代词有who,whom,whose,what,which其中who,whom,whose只能指人,what和which可指人或物Whichofthetwoboysisyouryoungerbrother6.不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词不定代词有someanyno和every以及这些词与-one-body和-thing构成的复合词它们在句中可作主语和宾语等成分MissLiuissuchagoodteacherthateveryoneinourschoollikesher.7.相互代词主要有eachother和oneanother8.关系代词主要用在定语从句中
二、数词数词表示数目多少或顺序多少的词,数词分为基数词和序数词基数词表示数目多少的数词序数词表示顺序的数词
一、英语中代词的相关知识庞杂,在语言使用中有极为频繁虽然代词的用法看似简单,但其实并不容易一般说来,高考试题中主要对人称代词、反身代词和不定代词进行考查,常见的有以下几种情况1.人称代词和反身代词作宾语人称代词主要用来代替表示人的名词或词组,有人称、数、性和格之分,在句中常作主语、宾语和补语反身代词由“物主代词+selfselves”构成,在句中可作宾语、补语和同位语Thiscardoesntbelongtome.Itbelongstomysister.Treatyourselftoaglassofwinetohelpyourelaxattheendoftheday.2.oneit和that的用法one指代上文的单数名词,泛指不特定的名词,ones为其复数形式;theone代替前面的单数名词,表示特指,往往其后有定语it指代前面提到过的名词,即前面提到的那个特定的事物that代替上文出现过的名词;它既可替代单数可数名词,也可替代不可数名词MeetingmyuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemomentoneIwillalwaystreasure.IamlookingformypenbutIh__entfoundit.Weallknowtheweatherinthesouthismuchwarmerthanthatinthenorth.3.someeveryno和any及其构成的复合不定代词的用法somethingbody/oneanythingbodyeverythingbodynothingbody等在句中可作主语、宾语等成分,在试题中一般通过具体的语境来考查Jimsoldmostofhisthings.Hehashardlyanythingleftinthehouse.IagreewithmostofwhatyousaidbutIcantagreewitheverything.4.allanynonebotheither和neither的用法—Whatdoyouthinkoftheperfor__n__today—Great!Nonebutamusicalgeniuscouldperformsosuc__ssfully.IhadtobuyallthesebooksbecauseIdidntknowwhichonewasthebest.含义两者三者或三者以上都bothall任何一个eitherany都不neithernone5.theotheranother和theothersothers的用法Idontlikethisdresssopleaseshowmeanother.Somearedancingandsinging;othersarelisteningtostories.another指三者或三者以上中事物的“另一个”theother指两个事物中的“另一个”others指不定的“其他的人或事物”theothers在一个固定范围之内的“其余的;其他的”
二、复习数词时要注意以下几点1.在序数词前可以加不定冠词a表示“再一;又一”之意Wewillh__etodoitasecondtime.Ih__ehadathirdapple.2.分数的表示法英语中分数的写法我们可以记住下面的口诀分子基数词,分母序数词分子大于一,分母用复数Aboutthree-fourthsofthesu_____oftheearthiscoveredbywater.Onethirdofthepupilsinourclasslikeplayingfootball.3.倍数的表示法倍数的表示方法是高考的重点,常见的有以下三种形式1倍数+as+形容词/副词+asItissaidthatournewschoolisthreetimesasbigasourpresentone.2倍数+形容词/副词的比较级+thanTherearetwi__morestudentsinourschoolthanintheirs.3倍数+thesizelengthheight...ofThenewbuildingisfivetimesthesizeoftheoldone.4.hundredthousandmillionscore和dozen等词的用法hundred和thousand等词和具体数字连用时要用单数形式,与of连用时要用复数形式Therearemorethanthreethousandstudentsintheirschool.MillionsofpeoplewatchedthegamesonTVlastnight.5.年代或岁数的表达方法表示年代和岁数时用逢十的基数词的复数形式来表示Inthe1990swhenhewasinhisthirtieshewentabroadforfurtherstudy.Itisnotrareinthe1980sthatpeopleintheirfiftiesaregoingtouniversityforfurthereducation.6.编号的表达法第一课 LessonOne/TheFirstLesson502__ Room502新府路88号 88XinfuRoad新泰一中XinTaiNo.1MiddleSchool7.数词的修饰语表示“大约”的常用词语有aboutnearlysomearound或orso表示“超过”的常用词语有over或morethan表示“不超过;少于”用lessthan或fewerthanTheseacoversnearlythree-fourthsoftheworldssu_____.Theoilwellswillallrundryinthirtyyearsorsoatthepresentrateofuse.Evenunderthebestconditionswecouldntfinishinlessthanthreedays.高考真题探究(2006—2011)
1.【2011湖南卷26】Onethirdofthecountry______coveredwithtreesandthe__jorityofthecitizens_______blackpeople.A.is;areB.is;isC.are;areD.are;is2〖10全国Ⅱ3〖07浙江〗Itisreportedthatthefloodsh__eleftaboutpeoplehomeless.A.twothousandB.two-thousandsC.twothousandsD.twothousandsof4〖06北京〗Shewenttothebookstoreandbought.A.dozenbooksB.dozensbooksC.dozenofbooksD.dozensofbooks5【2011全国卷II11】Igotthisbicyclefor;Myfriendg__eittomewhensheboughtanewone.A.everythingB.somethingC.anythingD.nothing6【2011北京卷34】Theemploymentratehascontinuedtoriseinbigcitiesthankstotheeffortsofthelocalgover__entstoincrease.A.themB.thoseC.itD.that7【2011天津卷1】Wefeelourdutyto__keourcountryabetterpla__.A.itB.thisC.thatD.one8【2011__春招26】Theyprodu__dtworeports______ofwhichcontainedanyusefulsuggestions.A.eitherB.allC.noneD.neither9【2011山东卷24】Thetwogirlsaresoalikethatstrangersfind________difficultto____onefromtheother.A.itB.themC.herD.that10【2011福建卷21】Weh__evarioussummercampsforyourholidays.Youcanchoose____basedonyourowninterests.A.eitherB.eachC.oneD.it11【2011安徽卷22】SurprisinglySusan’sbeautifulhairreachedbelowherkneesand__de_____almostanovercoatforher.A.themB.herC.itselfD.herself12【2011浙江卷7】Sin__peoplearefondofhumoritisaswelcomeinconversationas________else.A.anythingB.somethingC.anywhereD.somewhere13【2011四川卷3】Thereisinhiswords.Weshouldh__eatry.A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everything14【2011重庆卷27】——Sillyme!Iforgetwhatmyluggagelookslike.——WhatdoyouthinkofoverthereA.theoneB.thisC.itD.that15【2011陕西卷16】——Wouldyougetmeabarofchocolatefromthekitchendear——oneA.OtherB.EveryC.AnotherD.More16【2011湖南卷24】Iknewthat_____wouldeverdiscouragehim;hewouldnevergiveupwantingtobeadirector.A.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing17【2011辽宁卷27】——Wouldyouliketeaorcoffee——thankyou.Ivejusthadsomewater.A.EitherB.BothC.AnyD.Neither18【2011江西卷25】Whydon’tyoubring_____tohisattentionthatyou’retooilltoworkonA.thatB.itC.hisD.him19〖10福建〗Whenyouintrodu__metoMr.JohnsoncouldyoupleasesayformeA.everythingB.anythingC.somethingD.nothing20〖10__〗Ifourparentsdoeverythingforuschildrenwewon’tlearntodependonA.themselvesB.themC.usD.ourselves21〖10安徽〗Youareateamstar!Workingwith_______isreallyyourcupoftea.A.bothB.eitherC.othersD.theother22〖10山东〗Helpingothersisahabit_______youcanlearnevenatanearlyage.A.itB.thatC.whatD.one23〖10天津〗inmylifeimpressedmesodeeplyasmyfirstvisittothePala__Museum.A.AnythingB.NothingC.EverythingD.Something24〖10陕西〗Thecostofrentingahousein__ntralXi’anishigherthan____inanyotherareaofthecity.A.thatB.thisC.itD.one25〖10四川〗OnmydeskisaphotothatmyfathertookofwhenIwasababy.A.himB.hisC.meD.mine26〖10全国Ⅱ〗Neithersideispreparedtotalkto______unlesswecan__ooththingsoverbetweenthem.A.othersB.theotherC.anotherD.oneother27〖10重庆〗Hehadlosthistemperandhishealthinthewarandneverfoundofthemagain.A.neitherB.eitherC.eachD.all28〖10重庆〗Toimprovethequalityofourproductsweaskedforsuggestionshadusedtheproducts.A.whateverB.whoC.whicheverD.which29〖10浙江〗that’simportantisthatyouaredoingyourbestandmovingintherightdirection.A.OneB.AllC.EverythingD.Anything30〖09山东〗IfeltsobadalldayyesterdaythatIdecidedthismorningIcouldn’tfa__________daylikethat.A.otherB.anotherC.theotherD.others31〖09陕西〗Janewasaskedalotofquestionsbutshedidn’tanswer_______ofthem.A.otherB.anyC.noneD.some32〖09__〗-Wow!You’vegotso__nyclothes.-But_____ofthemareinfashionnow.A.allB.bothC.neitherD.none33〖09全国I〗OneofthemostimportantquestionstheyhadtoconsiderwasofpublichealthA.whatB.thisC.thatD.which34〖09陕西〗Janewasaskedalotofquestionsbutshedidn’tanswerofthem.A.otherB.anyC.noneD.some35〖09四川〗IlikethishousewithabeautifulgardeninfrontbutIdon’th__eenoughmoneytobuy__________.A.oneB.itC.thisD.that36〖09浙江〗-I’vereadanotherbookthisweek.-Well__ybe_____isnothowmuchyoureadbutwhatyoureadthatcounts.A.thisB.thatC.thereD.it37〖09全国II〗Charleswasaloneathomewithlookingafterhim.A.someoneB.anyoneC.notoneD.noone38〖09全国II〗TheCDsareonsale!Buyoneandyougetcompletelyfree.A.otherB.othersC.oneD.ones39〖09重庆〗Overthepast20yearstheInternethelpedchangeourworldin______wayoranotherforthebetter.A.anyB.oneC.everyD.either40〖09江苏〗Nineintenparentssaidthereweresignificantdifferen__sintheirapproachtoeducatingtheirchildrencomparedwith______oftheirparents.A.thoseB.oneC.bothD.that41〖08全国I〗—Whichofthetwocomputergamesdidyouprefer—ActuallyIdidn’tlike______.A.bothofthemB.eitherofthemC.noneofthemD.neitherofthem42〖08全国I〗TheEnglishspokenintheUnitedStatesisonlyslightlydifferentfrom______spokeninEngland.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.theone43〖08安徽〗Thetwogirlsaregettingonverywellandshare_______witheachother.A.littleB.muchC.someDnone44〖08福建〗—Howdoyoufindyournewclas__ates—Mostofthemarekindbut_______issogoodtomeasBru__.A.noneB.nooneC.everyoneD.someone45〖08湖南〗Ourner___orsg__e_____ababybirdyesterdaythathurt______whenitfellfromitsnest.A.usitB.usitselfC.ourselvesitselfD.ourselvesit46〖08山东〗__kesureyou’vegotthepassportsandticketsand______beforeyoule__e.A.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing47〖08江西〗Isn’tita__zinghowthehu__nbodyheals_______afteraninjuryA.himselfB.himC.itselfD.it48〖08辽宁〗—Couldyou____mehowtogettoVictoriaStreet—VictoriaStreet______iswheretheGrandTheatreis.A.SuchB.ThereC.ThatD.This49〖08陕西〗Hedoesn’th__e_________furnitureinhisroom--justanolddesk.A.anyB.__nyC.someD.much50〖08四川〗The__nagerbelievespri__swillnotrisebymorethan_____fourper__nt.A.anyotherB.theotherC.anotherD.other51〖08浙江〗—I’dlikesomemorecheese.—Sorrythere’s______left.A.someB.noneC.alittleD.few52〖08北京〗ItwashardforhimtolearnEnglishinafamilyinwhich_____oftheparentsspokethelanguage.A.noneB.neitherC.bothD.each53〖08天津〗ToknowmoreabouttheBritishMuseumyoucanusetheInternettogotothelibraryor_______.A.neitherB.someC.allD.both〖08重庆〗—Couldweseeeachotherat3o’clockthisafternoon--Sorrylet’s__keit__time.A.other’sB.theotherC.anotherD.other〖08__〗—Doyouwantteaorcoffee—______Ireallydon’tmind.A.noneB.neitherC.eitherD.all〖07全国II〗___feltfunnywatchingmyselfonTV.A.OneB.ThisC.ItD.That〖07__〗The__yorhasofferedarewardof$5000to______whocancapturethetigeraliveordead.A.bothB.othersC.anyoneD.another〖07山东〗_______worriesmethewayhekeepschanginghismind.A.ThisB.ThatC.WhatD.It〖07北京〗Hehas__dealotoffilmsbut____goodones.A.anyB.someC.fewD.__ny〖07福建〗Thebookisofgreatvalue.canbeenjoyedunlessyoudigestit.A.NothingB.SomethinC.EverythingD.Anything〖07湖南〗Tos__eclasstimeourteacherhas________studentsdohalfoftheexerciseinclassandcompletetheotherhalfforhomework.A.usB.weC.ourD.ours〖07江西〗—Whatdoyouthinkoftheperfor__n__today—Great!Butamusicalgeniuscouldperformsosuc__ssfully.A.AllB.NoneC.AnybodyD.Everybody〖07江西〗Idon’tmindhercriticizingmebutishowshedoesitthatIo__ectto.A.itB.thatC.thisD.which〖07陕西〗—Thereisstillacopyofthebookinthelibrary.Wallyougoandbottow—NoI’dratherbuyinthebookstore.A.it;oneB.one;oneC.one;itD.it;it〖07四川〗Littlejoycanequal________ofasurprisingendingwhenyoureadstories.A.thatB.thoseC.anyD.some〖07天津〗Hedidn’t__ke________clearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.A.thisB.thatC.itD.these〖07辽宁〗Theinfor__tionontheInternetgetsaroundmuchmorerapidlythan____inthenewspaper.A.itB.thoseC.oneD.that〖07浙江〗—Hegothisfirstbookpublished.Itturnedouttobeabestseller.—Whenwas_____—_____wasin2000whenhewasstillincollege.A.that;ThisB.this;ItC.it;ThisD.that;It〖07重庆〗Jimsoldmostofhisthings.Hehashardly_______leftinthehouse.A.anythingB.everythingC.nothingD.something〖07__春〗Treattoaglassofwinetohelpyourelaxattheendoftheday.A.oneB.oneselfC.youD.yourself〖06全国Ⅰ〗IfIcanhelp_______Idon’tlikeworkinglateintothenight.A.soB.thatC.itD.them〖06北京〗—Whichdriverwastoblame—Why_______!Itwasthechild’sfaultclearand______.Hesuddenlycameoutbetweentwoparkedcars.A.bothB.eachC.eitherD.neither〖06__〗I__deso__nychangesinmycomposition__tonlyIcouldreadit.To____elseitwashardto__keout.A.noneB.everyoneC.someoneD.anyone〖06__〗Bothsidesh__eaccusedofbreakingthecontract___.A.anotherB.theotherC.neitherD.each〖06江苏〗Mymostfamousrelativeofall_______whoreallylefthis__rkonAmericawasRebSusselmygreat-grandfather.A.oneB.theoneC.heD.someone〖06湖南〗Asthebusiestwo__ninNortonshe__de_________herdutytolookafteralltheotherpeople’saffairsinthattown.A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it〖06安徽〗Catherineboughtapostcardofthepla__shewasvisitingaddressed________to________andthenposteditatthenearbypostoffi__.A.it;herB.it;herselfC.herself;herD.herself;herself〖〖06安徽〗You__ydropinorjustgivemeacall.______willdo.A.EitherB.EachC.NeitherD.All〖06天津〗Wehadapicniclasttermanditwasalotoffunsolet’sh__e____onethismonth.A.theotherB.someC.anotherD.other〖06辽宁〗Ihear_____boysinyourschoollikeplayingfootballintheirsparetimethoughotherspreferbasketball.A.quitealotB.quiteafewC.quiteabitD.quitealittle〖06四川〗Ofallthebooksonthedesk____isofanyuseforourstudy.A.nothingB.nooneC.neitherD.none〖06福建〗---WhocalledmethismorningwhenIwasnot----A__ncalling______Robert.A.hisB.himselfChisD.不填〖06浙江〗Ifyoucan’tdecidewhichofthetwobookstoborrowwhydon’tyoutake______Iwon’treadthemthisweek.A.allB.anyC.eitherD.both〖06山东〗____teamwinsonSaturdaywillgothroughtothenationalchampionships.A.No__tterwhatB.No__tterwhichCWhateverD.whichever。