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2011届中考英语专题复习十一短语动词和句型的考点讲解和训练【考点直击】
1.短语动词的辨析;
2.英语句子的基本句型结构;
3.初中阶段主要句型的用法【__点睛】短语动词是中考的重要内容之一在初中阶段,我们已经学习了不少短语动词,把他们加以归纳总结,进行重点复习是十分必要的英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体,其用法有的相当于及物动词,有的相当于不及物动词,有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征
1.短语动词的分类1动词+介词常见的有lookforlookafteraskforlaughathearof等这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后如Don’tlaughatothers.Tomaskedhisparentsforabike.2动词+副词常见的有giveuppickupthinkoverfindouthandin等这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,既可放在副词前边,又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则要放在副词前边如You’llhandinyourhomeworktomorrow.Pleasedon’tforgettohanditin.3动词+副词+介词常见的有goonwithcatchupwith等这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边如GoonandI’llcatchupwithyouinfiveminutes.Afterashortresthewentonwithhisresearchwork.4动词+名词+介词常见的有takecareof__keuseofpayattentionto__kefunof等这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边如Youshouldpayattentiontoyourhandwriting.Weshould__kefulluseofourtime.5动词+形容词常见的有le__eopensetfreecutopen等这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,则宾语可放在形容词的前边,也可放在后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则必须放在形容词前边如Theprisonersweresetfree.Hecutitopen.6动词+名词常见的有takepla____kefriends等这类短语动词用作不及物动词如Thisstorytookpla__threeyearsago.I__kefriendswithalotofpeople.
2.短语动词的辨析1be__dein(在……生产或制造),be__deof由……组成或构成2comedown下来;落,comealong来;随同,cometooneself苏醒,cometrue实现,comeout花开;发芽;出现;出来,comeover(过来;顺便来访),comein进来,comeon来吧;跟着来;赶快comeupwith找到;提出3doone’sbest尽最大努力dowellin在……干得好doone’shomework做作业,dosomereading阅读4fallasleep入睡,fallbehind落在…..后面,falloff从……掉下,falldown到下;跌倒5getdown下来;落下,geton上车,getto到达,getup起床,getback回来;取回,getoff下来,getonwellwith与……相处融洽,get__rried结婚,gettogether相聚6giveup放弃,give…ahand给与……帮助,giveacon__rt开音乐会7goback回去,goon继续,gohome回家,gotobed睡觉,goover过一遍;仔细检查,goout外出;到外面,gowrong走错路,goondoing继续做某事,goshopping买东西,goboating去划船gofishing去钓鱼,gohiking去徒步旅行,goskating去滑冰,gostraightalong沿着……一直往前走8h__ealook看一看h__easeat(坐下)h__esupper(吃晚餐)h__earest(休息)h__esports(进行体育活动)h__eacold(感冒)h__eacough(咳嗽)h__eagoodtime(过得愉快)h__eaheadache(头痛),h__eatry尝试;努力9lookfor寻找,lookout留神;注意,lookover仔细检查,lookup向上看;抬头看,lookafter照顾;照看,lookat看;观看,looklike看起来像,lookthesame看起来像,10__kefriends交朋友,__kephonecalls打__,__kemoney赚钱,__kethebed整理床铺,__keanoise吵闹,__keafa__s做鬼脸,__keone’swayto往……走去,__keroomfor给……腾出地方,__keadecision做出决定,__keamistake犯错误,__keupone’smind下决心11puton上演;穿上;戴上,putup挂起;举起,putdown把某物放下来,putaway把某物收起来putoff推迟12takeoff脱掉衣服,takephotos照相,taketime花费时间,takeout取出,takeaseat坐下,takeanactivepartin积极参加,takecareof照顾;照料;注意,takeexercise做运动,takeone’spla__坐某人的位置;代替某人的职务,taketurn轮流13talkabout谈话;交谈,talkwith和……交谈14turnon打开电灯,收音机,煤气,自来水等,turnoff关上电灯,收音机,煤气,自来水等,turndown关小;调低,turn…over把…..翻过来15thinkof认为;想起,thinkabout考虑
3.句子的基本句型结构根据句子所用动词的不同,句子可归纳为五个基本句型1主语+连系动词+表语例如Mymotherisadoctor.Hervoi__soundsni__.2主语+不及物动词例如Herunsfast.Westudyhard.3主语+及物动词+宾语例如Childrenoftensingthissong.Hestu___sEnglish.1常用-ing形式而不用不定式作宾语的动词有enjoyfinishfeellikeconsiderpractisekeepsuggestmind等例如Sheenjoysreadingnovelsandswimming.Ifinishedreadingthebooklastnight.2常用不定式,而不用-ing形式作宾语的动词有wishhopeagreeplandeciderefuse等例如WheredowishtositTomagreedtolendsomemoney.3有些及物动词既可用不定式,由可用-ing形式作宾语,但意义不同这类动词常见的有rememberforget等例如Pleaseremembertoposttheletterforme.请记住替我发了这封信Irememberpostingtheletter.我记得那封信寄过了Stop的用法同上面的词相仿,不过stop后面跟不定式不是作宾语,而是作状语试比较下列句子Hestoppedto__oke.他停下来吸烟Hestopped__oking.他停止吸烟了4有些及物动词的宾语,既可用不定式,又可用-ing形式,意义基本相同这类动词常见的有likelovehatebeginstartcontinue等例如Iliketoswiminsummer.Ilikeswimminginsummer.4主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语例如Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.Heg__emeanapple.1及物动词之后跟有双宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物指人的为间接宾语,指物的为直接宾语一般情况下,间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后如果要把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后,间接宾语前需加介词例如Pleasepassmeacupoftea.=Pleasepassacupofteatome.Showmeyournewbookplease.=Pleaseshowyournewbooktome.2把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后,间接宾前有时加介词to有时加介词for这主要取决于谓语动词一般在动词give____selllendshow之后加to在动词buy__keget等之后加for例如Wouldyoulendmeyourdictionaryplease=WouldyoulendyourdictionarytomepleaseTom’smotherboughthimapairofnewshoes.=Tom’smotherboughtapairofnewshoesforhim.5主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语例如Wekeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.Ihearsomeonesinginginthenextroom.1及物动词指后跟有复合宾语,一个是宾语,一个是宾语补足语宾语和宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系例如WecallhimJack.Don’tgetyourhandsdirty.2在及物动词之后,用不定式作宾语补足语和用-ing形式作宾语补足语表示的意思往往不同用不定式作宾语补足语指事情的全过程;用-ing形式作宾语补足语指正在进行的动作的一部分例如Iheardhimsingthatsong.我听他唱过那首歌WhenIcamebackIheardhimsingingintheroom.我回来时,听见他正在__里唱歌3在感官动词seehearfeelwatchlistentolookat使役动词let__keh__e等的复合宾语种,不定式须省去to但变为被动句时,省去的to要加上例如Isawhimgointotheroom.Hewasseentogointotheroom.
4.初中阶段主要句型的用法
1.Itstimetofor....表“时间到了;该干…的时间了”之意Itstimetogohome.Itstimeforschool.注意to的后面接动词短语,而for的后面接名词
2.Itsbadgoodfor...表示“对…有害(有益)的”含义Pleasedont__oke.Itsbadforyourhealth.Pleasetakemoreexercise.Itsgoodforyourhealth.
3.belateforschool是“上学(迟到)”之意for后面还可以接meeting或classHewaslateforschoolthismorning.Dontbelateforclassplease.
4.hadbetterdo/notdosth.表示“最好做/不做某事”之意Youhadbetterputonthecoatwhenyougoout.Itscoldoutside.Wehadbetterstoptoh__earest.注意用hadbetter时,后面一定要直接跟动词原形,决不能加todosth.否定一定用在第二个动词之前,是动词不定式的否定式
5.befeelafraidof...表示“恐怕”,“害怕…”之意Heisafraidofsnakes.__ryfeelsafraidofgoingoutalone.
6.enjoydoingsth.是“喜欢(爱好)做某事”之意,doing是动名词作动词enjoy的宾语enjoy有欣赏之意AreyouenjoylivinginBeijingDoyouenjoylisteningtomusic
7.stopdoingsth.停止做某事stoptodosth.停下来做某事Itstimeforclass.Stoptalkingplease.Whenshesawmeshestoppedtotalkwithme.
8.Let__ke__.do让(使)某人做某事Letsgotoschool.Father__dehissoncleantheroomagain.注意当__ke__.dosth.用于被动语态时,第二个动词前面就一定要加to了如Hissonwas__detocleantheroomagain.hewas__detoworktwelvehoursadayinthepast.
9.liketodo/likedoingsth.是“喜欢做某事”之意liketodosth.是表示比较具体的喜欢做某事;likedoingsth.是表示宠统的喜欢做某事如Iliketoswimintheswimmingpool.我喜欢在游泳池中游泳(喜欢的具体的地方游泳)Ilikeswimming.我喜欢游泳(只讲喜欢这项运动)
10.ask______.todo.nottodosth.请(让)某人(不)做某事Jimaskedhismothertohelphimwithhislessons.Whendidyou____himnottoshoutloudly
11.givelend__.sth.=givelendsth.to__.给(借给)某人某物Mikeg__emeanewpairofstockings.Pleaselendusyourcar.
12.bebusydoingsth.表示“忙于做某事”之意Thestudentsarebusygettingreadyfortheexams.IsMrsBlackbusywashingclothes
13.too...to...表示“太…以致不能…”的含义Sheistooyoungtogotoschool.Theold__nwastootiredtowalkfarther.
14.not……until……是“直……才……”之意Mydaughterdidntgotobeduntil11oclocklastnight.Wewonth__etimetorestuntilthesummerholidaycomes.
15.so……that是“如此……以致……”的意思Peterissocleverthatalltheteacherslikehimverymuch.Thesongissowonderfulthateveryonelikestolistentoit.
16.neither……nor……是“既不……也不……”之意Mr.__ithisneitheraworkernorasol___r.Heisascientist.NeitheryounorIamfree.
17.enoughtodosth.是“足以去做某事”之意Sheisoldenoughtogotoschool.Peterwastallenoughtoreachtheapple.
19.prefer……to……是“比起来,还是……好,”“喜欢……而不喜欢”之意IpreferEnglishto__ths=IlikeEnglishbetterthan__thsHeprefersplayingfootballtoplayingbasketball.
20.not……atall……是“根本不……”之意IdontknowMr.Kingatall.D__iddoesntlikesingingatall.21.keep__.doingsth.是“使某人继续做某事”之意Mr.Wangdidntcometoschoolontime.Shekeptmewaitingfortwohours.DontkeepyourmotherdoingeverythingforyouYoushoulddoitbyyourself.
22.keepsth.+adj.是“保持某物处于某种状况”之意Pleasekeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.Thatwoolsweaterkeptherbodywarmenough.
23.see__.doingsth.表示“看见某人正在做某事”之意Whenmybrotherpassedthepostoffi__hesawalittleboycryingatthedoor.Didyouseeacarcominghere
24.see__.dosth.是“看见某人做了某事”之意Thatgirlsawanoldwo__nfalldownontheroadyesterday.H__eyouseenthele__esdropintotheriver
25.hear__.doingsth.是“听到某人正在做某事”之意Listen!CanyouhearsomeonesingingonthehillWeheardhimtalkingwithMr.Liloudlyjustnow.
26.hear__.dosth.表示“听见某人做了某事”之意Hewasoftenheardtosinginhisroominthepast.Whydidntyouhearmecomeintothesittingrom
27.beusedfordoingsth.是“被用来做某事”的意思Knivesareusedforcuttingthings.Teapotisusedforkeepingteawarm.
28.Itsthreemetreslong/high/wide.它是三米长(高、宽)形容词要放在后面作后置定语句型是It/主语+be+数词+米/公里+形容词Hisfatherisoneandseventymetrestall.Thatriverisfiftymetreswide.
29.Whatswrongwith....../Whatstheproblemwith....../Whatsthetroublewith....../Whatsthe__tter表示“出了什么毛病?”“…哪儿不舒服?”“怎么啦?”的含义WhatswrongwithyourcarWhatswrongwithyoulittlegirlWhatsthe__tterwithyourwatch
30.Wouldyouliketodo......是“你想要…吗?”的意思like后面可以接名词,词组或动词不定式提出一种建议或邀请WouldyoulikesomefishWouldyouliketogotothecine__withme
31.Willyoupleasedosth是“你想要做……吗?”WillyoupleasesayitmoreslowlyWillyoupleasenotopenthewindowIfeelcold.
32.Ittakes__.sometimetodosth.是“做某事花费某人一段时间”之意可以用于一般现在时,一般过去式和一般将来时态Itwilltakeustwohourstogooverallthewordsandexpressions.IttookMrWanghalfanhourtocleanthebedroom.
33.Idlike__.todosth.是“我希望某人来做某事”之意Idlikemyfriendtohelpmewithmylessons.HedlikeJimtoteachhimhowtousethecomputer.
34.Theressth.wrongwith......是“某物/人出了问题”,“某物/人有了毛病”之意ThereissomethingwrongtheTVset.=SomethingiswrongwiththeTVset.Theremustbesomethingwrongwiththecar.Itdoesntmove.
35.Idontthinkthat+clause是“我想…不会…”“我认为…不…”之意Idontthinkthatanyofthequestionsisdifficult.Wedontthinkhewillh__etimetomorrow.
36.Whatabout......表示征求意见,询问消息,是“…好不好?”“…怎么样?”之意WhataboutsometeaWhataboutyourmotherIssheallright
37.Whynotdo...是表示建议,“___不……?”之意Whynoth__earestYouh__ealreadyworkedforfourhours.Whynotcometoplaygameswithus=Whydontyoucometoplaygameswithus
38.Whatdoyoumeanby......是“请问…是什么意思?”之意WhatdoyoumeanbyscientistpleaseWhatdoyoumeanby__nagerplease可以说Whatisthemeaningof__nager或Whatdoesthe__nagermean
39.Youlikesingingverymuch.SodoI.你非常喜欢唱歌我也非常喜欢SodoI.=Ilikesingingverymuchtoo.So在句型so+beh__e,助动词或情态动词+主语中有“也”,“同样”的意思,表示前面所说的情况,也适合于另一个人(或物)HesawtheaccidentandsodidI.ShecanrideahorseandsocanI.
40.ItseasyforhimtolearnEnglishwell.学好英语对他来说很容易Its+adj.+for__.+todosth.是“对某人来说做某事怎么样”之意It是代词作形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式(或短语),为避免句子头重脚轻而将主语放在了后面Itisdangerousforchildrentoplayinthestreet.Itwaseasyforhertotidyherroomjustnow.【实例解析】
1.Whenhe________homehesawhismothercleaningtheroom.A.gotupB.gotbackC.gotoffD.goton答案B该题考查的是短语动词的用法根据题意,空白处所填的短语动词的意思应该是“回到”,所以选gotback
2.Fatherissleeping.You’dbetter________quiet.A.tokeepB.keepC.keepingD.kept答案B该题考查的是常见句型hadbetter后接动词原形,所以应选keep
3.---Wouldyoumind_________mypetdogwhileI’maway.---Surenoproblem.A.settingupB.lookingafterC.turningdownD.keepingout答案B该题考查的是短语动词的用法根据题意,空白所填短语动词的意思应该是“照看”,所以选B
4.---MumI’moffered8000yuanamonthofthejob.---ReallyItjustsounds________tobetrue.A.sowellB.toogoodC.goodenoughD.toowell答案B该题考查的是“too…to”句型的应用toogoodtobetrue表示太好了,以至于不会是真的【中考演练】一.单项选择
1.Wouldyoupleasedrivefaster Myflightis_________.A.takingoffB.gettingoffC.turningoffD.puttingoff
2.OnOctober152003China_______itsfirst__n-__despa__shipwhich__deYangLiweiaheroto__nykids.A.setoutB.SetoffC.sentupD.sentout
3.---Howistheplaygoing ---Wearegoingto_______thedayaftertomorrow.A.putonitB.putitoffC.putitonD.putitoff
4.MrGreenisbusy_______thenewspaperwhilehiswifeisbusy______thehousework.A.reading ;withB.to read ;withC.toread ;doingD.with ;todo
5.Weh__eto_______ourthingsifwetr__elonatrainorabus.A.lookatB.lookupC.looklikeD.lookafter
6.---Ifyou______anewideapleasecallmeassoonaspossible.---SureIwill.A.keepupwithB.catchupwithC.feedupwithD.comeupwith
7.---ZhouJielunissocool.I’mhisfan.---____________.A.SodoIB.SoIdoC.SoamID.SoIam
8.---Yournewsweaterlooksbeautiful.Isit_______purewool ---Yesandit’s_______InnerMongolia.A.__deby ;__deforB.__deof ;__debyC.__deof ;__deinD.__deby ;__defrom
9.Please_______theboxcarefully.ItisfilledwithglassesA.putdownB.putonC.putoffD.puttogether
10.---________ !There’sacarcoming !---Oh.Thanks.A.LookoverB.LookupC.LookonD.Lookout
11.---Look!Thebusiscoming.---Butit’sfullofpeople.Wecan’t______.A.getoffB.getdownC.getonwithD.geton
12.---Excuseme.Where’stheScienceMuseum---TakeNo.3busand______atthefourthstop.A.getonB.getoffC.getupD.getto
13.It’sverycoldtoday.You’dbetterput_____yourcoatwhenyougoout.A.awayB.downC.onD.up
14.MissLitoldthechildrentowalkoneafteranother.Shedidn’twantthemto______intheparkA.getwrongB.getawayC.getlostD.getready
15.Theflowersstartto_____inspring.A.comeinB.comeoutC.comefromD.cometo
16.Lucycouldyoupleasehelpme_____the__pontheblackboardA.putintoB.putupC.putoutD.puton
17.“Getaladderplease.Ican’t_____.”Jimsaidinatalltree.A.comebackB.comeoutC.comedownD.comeover
18.Ih__e____myparentsandnowI’mansweringit.A.heardofB.heardfromC.heardD.heardabout
19.Ican’tseethewordsclearly.CanI_____thelightA.turnonB.putoffC.holdonD.takeoff
20.Assoonasthe__nwalkedintothewarmroomhe_____hishe__ycoatandsatdown.A.tookawayB.tookdownC.tookoffD.tookup二.用非谓语动词填空
1.Thebuswasverycrowdedsoshewanted______ataxi.
2.Sheenjoys_______novelsbeforegoingtobed.
3.Ittookhimtwohours_______hishomework.
4.Hehas__deuphismind_____hard.
5.Wouldyoulike_______thefootball__tchthisafternoon
6.Thechildstopped______andlistenedtothemusic.
7.Beethoventaughtme______themusic.
8.Thankyoufor_______metothe_____.
9.Helosthismoneysoheaskedhisfriend______atrainticketforhim.
10.__rkTwainlikedto____funnystoriesto__kepeople______.三.完成下列句子
1.请你把这些花送给她,好吗?Willyousend______________
2.你离开教室的时候,不要忘记关窗户Don’tforget____________________whenyoule__etheclassroom.
3.我到学校的时候,听见她在唱歌WhenIgottoschoolIhear_________.
4.不仅学生们,而且他们的老师也喜欢那个电影Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacher______________.
5.我们都不喜欢跳舞Noneofusisfondof_________.
6.我用了两个小时修车It_______metwohours______________thebike.
7.直到妈妈回来时,他才完成作业He______finishhishomework_______hismothercameback.
8.他和我都不是老师 ______he_______Iamateacher.
9.他从小就对数学感兴趣 Hebecame________in__thswhenhewas________.
10.你最好乘火车Youd_____________atrain.【练习答案】一.
1.A
2.C
3.C
4.A
5.D
6.D
7.C
8.C
9.A
10.D二.
1.totake
2.reading
3.todo
4.tostudy
5.towatch
6.playing
7.toplay
8.inviting
9.tobuy
10.laugh三.
1.hertheseflowers
2.toclosethewindows
3.hersinging
4.likesthefilm
5.dancing
6.tooktomend/repair/fix
7.didn’tuntil
8.Neithernor
9.interestedyoung
10.bettertake本资料由《七彩教育网》提供!。