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英语分类汇编----名词名词在高考中的考查重点一般在单项选择以及完型填空和短文改错中出现绝大多数是考查名词词义辨析名词和表示数量词结合的考查以及主谓一致的考查以及在具体语境中的理解和应用也将占有一席之地解题方法
1.熟记近义名词的辨析
2.熟记常见的不可数名词单复数同形的名词形单义复的名词和__名词表示单复数的情况如advi__furnitureequipment;meansworks工厂series;poli__cattle;familyau___n__等等
3.掌握名词的抽象化和具体化
4.掌握名词的所有格
5.注意复合名词作定语时可单可复
6.熟记名词与动词的固定搭配使用名词
一、名词的分类一专有名词主要是指人名、地名或某类人或事物的名称,注意专有名词的第一个字母要大写如Bei___g,China;普通名词构成的专有名词前面需要加the如theUnitedNationsthePacificO__antheSpringFestival二普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如book,water等抽象名词AbstractNouns不可数名词UncountableNouns物质名词__terialNouns普通名词CommonNouns__名词CollectiveNounsIndividualNouns可数名词CountableNouns个体名词和__名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词(CountableNouns),物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词(UncountableNouns)
1.个体名词:指作为个体而存在的人或东西可以指具体的人或物Eg:aunts;apanda;apartments也可指抽象东西Eg:ayear;fairytales;adream
2.__名词:表示若干个个体组成的__体Eg:army;au___n__;crew;family;team;poli__;gover__ent;public__名词有时作单数看,有时作复数看一般来说,视为整体时作单数看,突出它的成员时作复数看Eg:Hisfamily_____notlarge.Hisfamily______allmusiclovers.有少数__名词通常用作单数Eg:Thegang犯罪团伙isbeinghuntedbythepoli__.OurcompanyissendinghimtoworkinBerlin.个别__名词则多作复数看待Eg:Thepoli__arelookingforhim.3物质名词:指无法分为个体的物质Eg:water;cake;cloth;cotton;;fur;i__;paint;paper;soil;oil;coffee一般来说,物质名词是不可数的,因而没有复数形式A.个别物质名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义Eg:rains(雨季)sands(沙滩)snows积雪waters海域…foods多种食物vegetables各种各样的蔬菜fishes多种鱼steels多种钢teas多种茶fruits各种各样的水果cloth(布)custom(习惯)good(利益)clothes(衣服)customs(海关)goods(货物)time(时间)wood(木材)content(内容)times(时代,次数,倍数)woods(树林)contents(目录)
4.抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念Eg:education;love;policy;trust;nature;fashion;relief;silen__;truthetc.多数情况下,这种名词常用于单数形式,不加任何冠词Eg:He’slearningFrenchforfun.Iwishyougoodluck.
二、名词的数
1.不可数名词一般没有单复数之分,它包括抽象名词、物质名词和专有名词Eg healthadvi__glasswoodEnglishAmerica不可数名词作主语,谓语动词须用单数形式
2.可数名词有单、复数之分可数名词的复数形式有以下几种1规则变化:情况加法例词一般情况加-sbrothers;schools以sxchsh结尾的词加-esbuses;watches;dishes以辅音+y结尾的词去y加-iesla___s;countries以元音+y结尾的词加-sBoys;ways;toys;plays以o结尾的词有生命的词,加-esPotatoes;to__toes;heroes无生命的词,加-sPhotos;pianos;zoos以f或fe结尾的词把f/fe改成veshalves;le__es;thieves注意
1.sto__ch--sto__chs2:以f/ef尾只加-s的词proofs;gulfs;cliffs;roofs;beliefs;chiefsbriefshandkerchief(手帕,手绢)的复数形式两者都可以2不规则变化变内部元音foot-feettooth-teethgoose-geesemouse-mi____n-menwo__n-womenpoli____n-poli__men词尾加-en或ren ox-oxenchild-children有些外来词的不规则复数形式Eg:____ysis-____yses;basis-bases;thesis-theses;crisis-crisescriterion-criteria;phenomenon-phenomena;medium-media单复数相同的情况sheep;deer;means;fish;works;species;以及由汉__译表示度量衡、货币等单位的名词Eg:yuanjiaofen___只有复数形式的情况trousers裤子;glasses眼镜;compasses圆规thanks;clothes;goods;people;cattle“某国人”的复数形式•单、复数相同ChineseJapaneseSwiss…•词尾加-sAfricansAsiansCanadiansAustraliansItalians……•变__n为menEnglish__n---EnglishmenFrench__n---Frenchmen但Ger__n---Ger__ns复合名词的复数形式
1.一般将主体名词变为复数father-in-law→fathers-in-lawpasser-by→passers-bylooker-on→lookers-oneditor-in-chief→editors-in-chief
2.无主体名词的在词尾加复数如grown-upsgood-for-nothings(无用的人),go-betweens(中间人),look-outs(守望者)
3.由__nwo__n构成的复合名词应将前后两个词都变成复数men-doctorswomen-driverswomen-singers注boyfriendsgirlfriendsboystudentsgirlstudents有些名词可以兼作可数名词和不可数名词beauty美,美貌---abeauty一个美人/物danger危险—adanger一件危险的事/人failure失败—afailure一件失败的事/人honour光荣—anhonour带来荣誉的/或事pity遗憾—apity一件可惜的事suc__ss成功—asuc__ss一件成功的事/人surprise惊奇—asurprise一件令人吃惊的事pleasure乐趣—apleasure一件有趣的事worry担心—aworry一件令人担心的事experien__经验—anexperien__一次经历servi__服务—aservi__一个服务机构英语中有许多对词,一个可数,一个不可数apoem一首诗poetry诗歌总称a__chine一台机器__chinery机器总称ajob一件工作work工作alaugh一个笑声laughter笑声apermit许可证permission允许agarment一件衣裳clothing衣裳总称abagcase一件行李luggagebaggage行李aloaf一只面包bread面包ahair一根头发hair头发ajewel一颗宝石jewellery(珠宝)几个名词的特殊用
1.hairHishairiswhite.(他的头发是白的)Hehasafewgreyhairs.(他有几根白的头发)
2.fruitThefruitissweet.Helikespearspeachesgrapesandotherfruits.__n(人类),前面不加冠词,也不用复数形式,谓语用单数
三、名词的格、所有格表示所有关系,修饰另一名词,作定语,它有两种形式一种是由名词词尾加’s构成,另一种是由介词of加名词构成,前者多用来表示有生命的东西,后者多用来表示无生命的东西所有格的形式
1.一般的名词所有格在后面加’s__ry’sbook
2.以–s结尾的复数名词所有格在后面仅加’Teachers’Daythestudents’reading-room
3.复合名词的所有格是在其词尾加’s hismother-in-law’sphoto,theeditor-in-chief’sopinion
4.如果一样东西为两人共有,则只在最后一个名词后加’s如果是分别所有,则两个名词后都要加’s Tomand__rry’sfatherTom’sand__rry’sfathers
5.在表示“某人家”、“店铺”的所有格时,一般省略它所修饰的名词atthedoctor’satthebarber’satMr.Green’satthetailor’s
6.有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命东西的名词,也可以加’s来构成所有格today’snewspapertenminutes’walkChina’sindustrythestation’stheearthssu_____adollarsworth
7.凡不能加’s构成所有格的名词,都可以与of结成短语,来表示所有格关系就是有生命的东西的名词也可如此,特别是当这个名词有较长的定语时thedoorofourclassroomDoyouknowthenameofthegirlstandingatthegate
8.在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时,常使用双重所有格,即“of词组+所有格”结构这种结构带有一定的感__彩,表示赞美、厌恶等afriendofhermother’safewfriendsofTom’sthatbookofTom’sseveralclas__atesofhis
9.一个名词所有格所修饰的词,如果前面已经提到,往往可以省略,避免前后重复如Thisisnotmypenbut__ry’s.
10.名词原形直接作定语(不表示所有关系)roomnumbercoffeecupshoefactorygeographylessoncolourfilmtoothbrushpowerplantwelcome_____hearttroublefoodindustryappletreephysicsteacher但有的名词习惯于用复数作定语parentsmeeting家长会goodstrain货车salesdepartment销售部sportsmeet运动会历届高考题
1.Teachersh__etoconstantlyupdatetheirknowledgeinorderto__intaintheirprofessional_____.A.consequen__B.independen__C.competen__D.in____igen__
2.Thelackofeco-friendlyhabitsamongthepublicisthoughttobea__jorofglobalcli__techange.A.resultB.causeC.warningD.reflection
3.AnywayIcan’tcheathim—it’sagainstallmy____.A.emotionsB.principlesC.regulationsD.opinions
4.Alwaysremembertoputsuchdangerousthingsasknivesoutofchildren’s.A.touchB.sightC.reachD.distan__
5.“Tommyrun!Bequick!Thehouseisonfire!”themothershoutedwith______clearlyinhervoi__.A.angerB.rudenessC.regretD.panic
6.Givingupmyjobtogobacktofull-timeeducationwasabig________butnowIknowitwasthebestdecisionIever__de.A.projectB.commitmentC.competitionD.ambition
7.Whenaskedabouttheiropinionsabouttheschool__ster__nyteacherswouldprefertoseehimstepaside_________youngermen.A.intermsofB.inneedofC.inf__orofD.inpraiseof
8.What’sthe_____inyouropinionofhelpinghimifhedoesn’t__keanefforttohelphimselfA.sympathyB.themeC.o__ectD.point
9.There’sa_____inouroffi__thatwhenit’ssomebody’sbirthdaytheybringinacakeforusalltoshare.A.traditionB.balan__C.con__rnD.relationship
10.We’dbetterdiscusseverything_______beforeweworkouttheplan.A.indetailB.ingeneralC.onpurposeD.ontime
11.Ih__en’tseenSarasin__shewasalittlegirlandshehaschangedbeyond_______A.hearingBstrengthC.recognitionD.measure
12.Lastyearthenumberofstudentswhograduatedwithadrivingli__nsereached200000an______of40000peryear.A__erageBnumberCamountDquantity
13.Thosewhosufferfromheadachewillfindtheyget______fromthismedicine.A.reliefB.safetyC.defenseD.shelter
14.Jamestookthe__gazinesoffthelittletableto__keforthetelevision.A.roomB.areaC.fieldD.position
15.Thedoctorisskilledattreatinghearttroubleandneverac__ptsanygiftfromhispatientssohehasaverygood_____.A.expectationB.reputationC.contributionD.civilization
16.Thisrestauranthasbecomepopularforitswideoffoodsthatsuitalltastesandpockets.A.divisionB.areaC.rangeD.circle
17.Aftertheearthquakethefirstthingthelocalgover__entdidwastoprovideforthehomelessfamilies.A.accommodationB.occupationC.equipmentD.furniture.
18.Theschooladvisershelpyoutalkthroughyourproblembuttheydon’tgiveyouanydirect______.A.solutionB.targetC.measureD.function
19.Chinahasgotagoodforfightingagainstthefluwithitscarefuland__oothorganization.A.reputationB.influen__C.impressionD.knowledge
20.TheWorldHealthOrganizationg__eawarningtothepublicwithoutany___whenthevirusof____hitMexicoinApril
2009.A.delayB.effortC.scheduleD.consideration
21.Hikingbyoneselfcanbefunandgoodforhealth.It__yalsobegoodfor______building.A.respectB.friendshipC.reputationD.character
22.Inourclasswhenthebellrangandtheteacherclosedhisbookitwasa______foreveryonetostandup.A.signalB.chan__C.__rkD.measure
23.The____________shoeswerecoveredwithmudsoIaskedthemtotakethemoffbeforetheygotinto__________car.A.girl’s;Tom’sB.girls’;Toms’C.girls’;Tom’sD.girl’s;Toms’K5u
24.Encourageyourchildrentotrynewthingsbuttrynottothemtoohard.A.drawB.strikeC.rushD.push
25.-------Hesaysthatmynewcarisa____________ofmoney.-------Don’tyouthinkthosewordsarejustsourgrapesA.lackB.loadC.questionD.waste
26.Formtheir________onthetopoftheTVTowervisitorscanh__eabetterviewofthecity.A.stageB.positionC.conditionD.situation
27.I’mtryingtobreakthe_______ofgettinguptoolate.A.traditionB.convenien__C.habitD.leisure
28.Thesystemhasbeendesignedtogivestudentsquickandeasy______tothedigitalresour__softhelibrary.A.ac__ssB.passageC.wayD.approach
29.Tos__esomeofthehu__nlanguagesbeforetheyareforgottenthestudentsinourschoolstartedadiscussion“S__eOur________”A.SkyB.LifeC.ArtsD.Voi__s
30.What’sthe_____ofh__ingapublicopenspa__whereyoucan’teatdrinkorevensimplyhangoutforawhileA.senseB.__tterC.caseD.opinion
31.—Ican’trepairtheseuntiltomorrowI’mafraid.—That’sOKthere’s______.A.noproblemB.nowonderC.nodoubtD.nohurry
32.—Whydoyousuggestwebuyanew__chine—Becausetheoldonehasbeenda__ged______.A.beyondreachB.beyondrepairC.beyondcontrolD.beyonddescription
33.Iboughtadressforonly10dollarsinasale;itwasareal______.A.exchangeB.bargainC.tradeD.business
34.---Shallwegooutforawalk---Sorry.Thisisnottheright____toinviteme.Iamtootiredtowalk.A.momentB.situationC.pla__D.chan__
35.Theyoung__n__dea______ tohisparentsthathewouldtrytoearnhisownlivingaftergraduation. A.prediction B.promise C.plan D.contribution
36.Thetopleadersofthetwocountriesareholdingtalksinafriendly______A.atmosphereB.stateC.situationD.phenomenon
37.Mostairpollutioniscausedbytheburningof____likecoalgasandoil.A.fuelsB.articlesC.goodsD.products
38.Despitesuchabigdifferen__in______towardswhatoneeatsthereisnodoubtthatpeopleinthewestregardtheChinesefoodassomethingspecial.A.pointB.ideaC.attitudeD.sight
39.Mymorning_____includesjoggingintheparkandreadingnewspapersoverbreakfast.A.drillB.actionC.regulationD.routine
40.Thepracti__ofhangingclothesacrossthestreetisacommon____in__nypartsofthecity.A.lookB.signC.sightD.appearan__
41.Onethousanddollarsamonthisnotafortunebutwouldhelpcovermyliving________.A.billsB.expensesC.pri__sD.charges
42.Heandhiswifeareofthesame ;theybothwanttheirsontogotocollege.A.soul B.spirit C.heart D.mind
43.—Youarealwaysfullof .Canyou____methesecret—Takingplentyofexerciseeveryday.A.power B.strength C.for__ D.energy
44.OfthesevendaysinaweekSaturdayissaidtobethemostpopular______foraweddinginsomecountries.A.wayB.situationC.eventD.choi__
45.Ican’tsaywhichwineisbest–it’san_____ofpersonaltaste.A.affairB.eventC.__tterD.variety
46.Healthproblemsarecloselyconnectedwithbadeatinghabitsanda_____ofexercise.A.limitB.lackC.needD.de__nd
47.Itisno arguingwithBillbecausehewillneverchangehismind. A.use B.help C.time D.way
48.Findinginfor__tionintoday’sworldiseasy.The______ishowyoucan____iftheinfor__tionyougetisusefulornot.A.ability B.competition C.challenge D.knowledge
49.WhenJanebegantotakeswimminglessonsher__in_____wasthefearofwater.A.eviden__ B.crisis C.obstacle D.danger
50.Schoolchildrenmustbetaughthowtodealwithdangerous .A.states B.conditions C.situations D.positions
51.—IfyoulikeIcandosomeshoppingforyou. —That’saverykind_______. A.offer B.servi__ C.point D.suggestion
52.Alwaysreadthe________onthebottlecarefullyandtaketherightamoutofme___ine.A.explanstions B.instructions C.descriptions D.introductions
53.To__kemembersofateamperformbetterthetrainerfirstofallhastoknowtheir_____andweaknesses. A.strengths B.benefits C.techniques D.values
54.The______onhisfa__toldmethathewasangry.A.impression B.sight C.appearan__ D.expression
55.Atthemeetingtheydiscussedthreedifferent ______tothestudyof__the__tics.A.approaches B.means C.methods D.ways
56.Youh__ebeensittingonmyhatandnowitisbadlyoutof .A.date B.shape C.order D.balan__
57.Itissaidthatdogswillkeepyou foraslongasyouwantwhenyouarefeelinglonely.A.safety B.company C.house D.friend
58.Mysisterwasagainstmysuggestionwhilemybrotherwas_________it.A.inf__ourof B.inmemoryofC.inhonourof D.insearchof
59.Billwasdoingalotofphysicalexercisetobuilduphis_______. A.ability B.for__ C.strength D.mind
60.Heprovedhimselfatruegentle__nandthebeautyofhis_______wasseenatitsbestwhenheworkedwithothers.A.temper B.appearan__ C.talent D.character
61.Theheadoffi__ofthebankisinBeijingbutithas_________alloverthecountry. A.companies B.branches C.organizations D.businesses
62.IamsureD__idwillbeabletofindthelibrary-hehasaprettygood_______ofdirection.A.idea B.feeling C.experien__ D.sense
63.My______ofthisweekend’sactivityisgoingoutwithsomegoodfriends.A.idea B.opinion C.mind D.thought
64.Doyouh__eany______ofwhatlifewouldbelikeifwelivedonotherplanetsA.plan B.idea C.impression D.i__gination
65.Beginnersareexpectedtobefamiliarwiththe______ofthereading__terialbeforetheycometotheclass.A.condition B.con__pt C.contest D.content
66.Ih__ereadthe__terialseveraltimesbutitdoesnt__keany________tome.Ameaning B.importan__ C.sense D.significan__
67.Usuallyachildsbeh__iourisa________ofhisfamilyenviro__ent A.recognition B.reflection C.return D.record
68.Weneedtoconsiderwhat___wewillbeusingforlanguagetraining.A.abilities B.applian__s C.facilities D.qualities
69.Ifyoubuymorethantentheyknock20pen__off______.A.apri__ B.pri__ C.thepri__ D.pri__s
70.Theenviro__entalistssaidwildgoats’______onthevastgrasslandswasagoodindicationofthebetterenviro__ent.A.escape B.absen__ C.attendan__ D.appearan__
71.Indealingwithpublicrelationsweshould__keeveryefforttopreventthe______inpersonality.A.contact B.contrast C.connection D.conflict
72.Chineseartsh__ewonthe______ofalotofpeopleoutsideChina.A.enjoyment B.appreciation C.entertai__ent D.reputation
73.Thevillageisfarawayfromhereindeed.It’s walk. A. afourhour B. afourhoursC. afour-hours D. afourhours’
74.Ih__ereadthe__terialseveraltimesbutitdoesn’t__keany tome. A. meaningB. importan__C. senseD. significan__
75.〗—_____I’msorryIsteppedoutsidefora__oke.Iwasverytired.—Thereisno______forthiswhileyouareonduty.A.reason B.excuseC.cause D.explanation
76.Theyoungdan__rslookedsocharmingintheirbeautifulclothesthatwetook picturesofthem.A.__nyof B.__ssesofC.thenumberof D.alargeamountof
77.“Idontthinkitsmy thattheTVblewup.Ijustturneditonthat’sall”saidtheboy.A.error B.mistakeC.fault D.duty
78.Oneoftheconsequen__sofourplanetsbeingwarmingupisa(n) inthenumberofnaturaldisasters.A.result B.accountC.reason D.increase
79.Lifeistoughinthecity.Inordertolosetheir somepeopledrinkalcohol.A.temper B.moodC.consciousness D.pressures
80.The__nagerhasgotagoodbusiness sothecompanyisdoingwell.A.idea B.senseC.thought D.thinking
81.Ifyou’redrivingtotheairport.Canyougivemea________A.handB.seatC.driveD.lift
82.ThecollapseoftheWorldTrade__ntre hasputUSeconomyinadifficult .A.occasion B.caseC.situation D.background
83.Moreandmorepeoplechoosetoshopinasuper__rketasitoffersagreat ofgoods.A.variety B.mixtureC.extension D.combination
84.Toregaintheir______afteranexhaustinggametheplayerslayinthegrass.A. for__ B. energy C. power D. health
85.Accordingtothere__ntresearchhe__ycoffeedrinkingandheartattackisnotne__ssarily______andeffect.A.reason B.impact C.fact D.cause
86.Forthesakeofherdaughter’shealthshedecidedtomovetoawarm .A.weather B.temperature C.season D.cli__te
87.IsawBobplaythepianoatJohn’s_____andonthat hewassimplybrilliant.A. s__ne B. circumstan__ C. occasion D. situation
88.Itcan’tbea(n) thatfourjewelrystoreswererobbedinonenight.A.coinciden__ B.accident C.incident D.chan____.Your_______asastudentwillbeex__llentifyoudevelopahabitofreflectingonhowyoulearn.A.operationB.growthC.perfor__n__eD.character
90..Itisimportanttoh__eyoureyesexaminedregularlytocheckforanysignofeyediseasethat__ynoth__eany________.A.symptomB.similarityC.sampleD.shadow
91..Theoffi__rinsistedthatMichaeldidnotfollowthecorrect________inapplyingforavisa.A.patternB.pro__dureC.programD.perspective
92..—CanIhelpyouwithit—IappreciateyourbutIcan__nageitmyself.A.advi__B.questionC.offerD.idea
93..You’dbetterwritedownthephonenumberofthatrestaurantforfuture.A.purposeB.referen__C.progressD.memory
94.Hewillcometounderstandyoureffortssoonerorlater.It’sjusta__tterof_____.A.luckB.valueC.timeD.fact
95.TheHarryPotterbooksarequitepopular;theyareingreat______inthiscity.A.quantityB.progressC.productionD.de__nd
96.Youwereworkingtoohard.You’dbetterkeepa________betweenworkandrelaxation.A.promiseB.leadC.balan__D.diary
97.Myfirst______ofhimwasthathewasakindandthoughtfulyoung__n.A.expressionB.attentionC.satisfactionD.impression
98.Poetrywrittenfromthe______oftheurbanyouthtendstorevealtheiranxietyoveralackofsenseofbelonging.A.perspectiveB.priorityC.participationD.privilege
99.Carbondioxidewhich__kesa______betweenusandthesunpreventsheatfromgettingoutoftheatmosphereeasilysotheearthisbecomingwarmer.A.differen__B.comparisonC.connectionD.barrier
100.Anartistwhowasre__ntlytr__elingonaferrytothesouthernislanddiscovered______alonglostantiqueGreekvase.A.atrandomB.bychan__C.inturnD.onoccasion
1.WithinspirationfromotherfoodculturesAmericanfoodculturecantakeaforthebetter.A.shareB.chan__C.turnD.lead
2.WheneverI__demistakestheteacherpointedthemoutwith______.A.curiosityB.satisfactionC.envyD.patien__3Theaccidentcausedsome______tomycarbutit’snothingserious.A.harmB.injuryC.ruinD.da__ge4WhileshewasinParisshedevelopedaforfineart.A.wayB.relationC.tasteD.habit
5.Astheworld’spopulationcontinuestogrowthe______offoodbecomesmoreandmoreofacon__rn.A.worthB.supplyC.packageD.list
6.—Whynotbuyasecond-handcarfirstifyoudonth__eenoughmoneyforanewone—Thatsagood.A.sayingB.questionC.suggestionD.account
7.—Couldyou____methe____of__kingsuchtastycakesA.featureB.plan—WellIjustfollowthedirectionsinthecookbook.C.costD.trick
8.Her______forwritingwasadesireforwomentogettherighttohighereducation.A.motivationB.qualificationC.talentD.technique
9.Duetothewidespread___ofthismedicaltechnology,morediseasescanbediscoveredandtreatedatanearlystage.A.presentationB.applicationC.qualificationD.appreciation
10.WhenRichardsaid“Youaremuchmoreagreeableandprettiernow”Joan’sfa__turnedredattheunexpected______.A.com__ndB.comparisonC.complimentD.contribution
11.Shewasputunderhousearresttwoyearsagobutre__inedapowerfulinlastyearselection.A.symbolB.portraitC.identityD.statue
12.Thespeechfromthenewgover__entisa_______that__jorchangesareontheway.A.warningB.symbolC.goalD.signal
13..Windisnowtheworld’sfastestgrowing________ofpower.A.sour__B.senseC.resultD.root
14.Wemostprefertosayyestothe______ofsomeoneweknowandlike.A.attemptsB.requestsC.doubtsD.promises。