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Whenwearewritingweareoftentoldtokeepourreadersinmindtoshapewhatwesaytofittheirtastesandinterests.Butthereisonereaderinparticularwhoshouldnotbeforgotten.CanyouguesswhoRussellBakersurprisedhimselfandeveryoneelsewhenhediscoveredtheanswer.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------我们写作时常常被告诫,脑子里要有读者,笔者所云一定要符合读者的口味和兴趣但有一位读者特别不该忘记你能猜出是谁吗?当拉塞尔·贝克找到这个问题的答案时,他自己和别人都感到大为惊讶--------------------------------------------------------------------------------WritingforMyselfRussellBaker1Theideaofbecomingawriterhadcometomeoffandonsin__mychildhoodinBellevillebutitwasntuntilmythirdyearinhighschoolthatthepossibilitytookhold.UntilthenIvebeenboredbyeverythingassociatedwithEnglishcourses.IfoundEnglishgram__rdullanddifficult.Ihatedtheassig__entstoturnoutlonglifelessparagraphsthatwereagonyforteacherstoreadandformetowrite.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------为自己而写拉塞尔·贝克从孩提时代,我还住在贝尔维尔时,我的脑子里就断断续续地转着当作家的念头,但直等到我高中三年级,这一想法才有了实现的可能在这之前,我对所有跟英文课沾边的事都感到腻味我觉得英文语法枯燥难懂我痛恨那些长而乏味的段落写作,老师读着受累,我写着痛苦2WhenourclasswasassignedtoMr.Fleagleforthird-yearEnglishIanticipatedanothercheerlessyearinthatmosttediousofsubjects.Mr.Fleaglehadareputationamongstudentsfordullnessandinabilitytoinspire.Hewassaidtobeveryfor__lrigidandhopelesslyoutofdate.Tomehelookedtobesixtyorseventyandex__ssivelyprim.Heworeprimlysevereeyeglasseshiswavyhairwasprimlycutandprimlycombed.Heworeprimsuitswithnecktiessetprimlyagainstthecollarbuttonsofhiswhiteshirts.Hehadaprimlypointedjawaprimlystraightnoseandaprim__nnerofspeakingthatwassocorrectsogentle__nlythatheseemedacomicantique.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------弗利格尔先生接我们的高三英文课时,我就准备着在这门最最单调乏味的课上再熬上沉闷的一年弗利格尔先生在学生中以其说话干巴和激励学生无术而出名据说他拘谨刻板,完全__于时代我看他有六七十岁了,古板之极他戴着古板的毫无装饰的眼镜,微微卷曲的头发剪得笔齐,梳得纹丝不乱他身穿古板的套装,领带端端正正地顶着白衬衣的领扣他长着古板的尖下巴,古板的直鼻梁,说起话来一本正经,字斟句酌,彬彬有礼,活脱脱一个滑稽的老古董3IpreparedforanunfruitfulyearwithMr.Fleagleandforalongtimewasnotdisappointed.Lateintheyearwetackledtheinfor__lessay.Mr.Fleagledistributedahomeworksheetofferingusachoi__oftopics.Nonewasquiteso______-mindedasWhatIDidonMySummerVacationbutmostseemedtobealmostasdull.Itookthelisthomeanddidnothinguntilthenightbeforetheessaywasdue.LyingonthesofaIfinallyfa__duptotheunwelcometasktookthelistoutofmynotebookandscannedit.ThetopiconwhichmyeyestoppedwasTheArtofEatingSpaghetti.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------我作好准备,打算在弗利格尔先生的班上一无所获地混上一年,不少日子过去了,还真不出所料后半学期我们学写随笔小品文弗利格尔先生发下一张家庭作业纸,出了不少题目供我们选择像暑假二三事那样傻乎乎的题目倒是一个也没有,但绝大多数一样乏味我把作文题带回家,一直没写,直到要交作业的前一天晚上我躺在沙发上,最终不得不面对这一讨厌的功课,便从笔记本里抽出作文题目单粗粗一看我的目光落在吃意大利细面条的艺术这个题目上4Thistitleprodu__danextraordinarysequen__ofmentali__ges.VividmemoriescamefloodingbackofanightinBellevillewhenallofuswereseatedaroundthesuppertable-UncleAllenmymotherUncleCharlieDorisUncleHal-andAuntPatservedspaghettiforsupper.Spaghettiwasstillalittleknownforeigndishinthosedays.NeitherDorisnorIhadevereatenspaghettiandnoneofthe_____shadenoughexperien__tobegoodatit.AllthegoodhumorofUncleAllenshousereawokeinmymindasIrecalledthelaughingargumentswehadthatnightaboutthesociallyrespectablemethodformovingspaghettifromplatetomouth.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------这个题目在我脑海里唤起了一连串不同寻常的图像贝尔维尔之夜的清晰的回忆如潮水一般涌来,当时,我们大家一起围坐在晚餐桌旁——艾伦舅舅、我母亲、查理舅舅、多丽丝、哈尔舅舅——帕特舅妈晚饭做的是意大利细面条那时意大利细面条还是很少听说的异国食品多丽丝和我都还从来没吃过,在座的大人也是经验不足,没有一个吃起来得心应手的艾伦舅舅家诙谐有趣的场景全都重现在我的脑海中,我回想起来,当晚我们笑作一团,争论着该如何地把面条从盘子上送到嘴里才算合乎礼仪5SuddenlyIwantedtowriteaboutthataboutthewarmthandgoodfeelingofitbutIwantedtoputitdownsimplyformyownjoynotforMr.Fleagle.ItwasamomentIwantedtorecaptureandholdformyself.Iwantedtorelivethepleasureofthatevening.TowriteitasIwantedhoweverwouldviolatealltherulesoffor__lcompositionIdlearnedinschoolandMr.Fleaglewouldsurelygiveitafailinggrade.Nevermind.IwouldwritesomethingelseforMr.FleagleafterIhadwrittenthisthingformyself.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------突然我就想描述那一切,描述当时那种温馨美好的气氛,但我把它写下来仅仅是想自得其乐,而不是为弗利格尔先生而写那是我想重新捕捉并珍藏在心中的一个时刻我想重温那个夜晚的愉快然而,照我希望的那样去写,就会违反我在学校里学的正式作文的种种法则,弗利格尔先生也肯定会打它一个不及格没关系等我为自己写好了之后,我可以再为弗利格尔先生写点什么别的东西6WhenIfinisheditthenightwashalfgoneandtherewasnotimelefttocomposeaproperrespectableessayforMr.Fleagle.Therewasnochoi__nextmorningbuttoturninmytaleoftheBellevillesupper.TwodayspassedbeforeMr.Fleaglereturnedthegradedpapersandhereturnedeveryonesbutmine.Iwaspreparingmyselfforacom__ndtoreporttoMr.FleagleimmediatelyafterschoolfordisciplinewhenIsawhimliftmypaperfromhisdeskandknockfortheclasssattention.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------等我写完时已是半夜时分,再没时间为弗利格尔先生写一篇循规蹈矩、像模像样的文章了第二天上午,我别无选择,只好把我为自己而写的贝尔维尔晚餐的故事交了上去两天后弗利格尔先生发还批改过的作文,他把别人的都发了,就是没有我的我正准备着遵命一放学就去弗利格尔先生那儿挨训,却看见他从桌上拿起我的作文,敲了敲桌子让大家注意听7Nowboyshesaid.Iwanttoreadyouanessay.ThisistitledTheArtofEatingSpaghetti.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------好了,孩子们,他说我要给你们念一篇小品文文章的题目是吃意大利细面条的艺术8Andhestartedtoread.Mywords!Hewasreadingmywordsoutloudtotheentireclass.Whatsmoretheentireclasswaslistening.Listeningattentively.Thensomebodylaughedthentheentireclasswaslaughingandnotincontemptandridiculebutwithopen-heartedenjoyment.EvenMr.Fleaglestoppedtwoorthreetimestoholdbackas__llprim__ile.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------于是他开始念了是我写的!他给全班大声念我写的文章更____的是,全班同学都在听着他念,而且听得很专心有人笑出声来,接着全班都笑了,不是轻蔑嘲弄,而是乐乎乎地开怀大笑就连弗利格尔先生也停顿了两三次,好抑制他那一丝拘谨的微笑9IdidmybesttoavoidshowingpleasurebutwhatIwasfeelingwaspuredelightatthisdemonstrationthatmywordshadthepowerto__kepeoplelaugh.IntheeleventhgradeattheeleventhhourasitwereIhaddiscoveredacalling.Itwasthehappiestmomentofmyentireschoolcareer.WhenMr.FleaglefinishedheputthefinalsealonmyhappinessbysayingNowthatboysisanessaydontyousee.Its-dontyousee-itsoftheveryessen__oftheessaydontyousee.CongratulationsMr.Baker.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------我尽力不流露出得意的心情,但是看到我写的文章竟然能使别人大笑,我真是心花怒放就在十一年级,可谓是最后的时刻,我找到了一个今生想做的事这是我整个求学生涯中最幸福的一刻弗利格尔先生念完后说道瞧,孩子们,这就是小品文,懂了没有这才是——知道吗——这才是小品文的精髓,知道了没有祝贺你,贝克先生他这番话使我沉浸在十全十美的幸福之中HowdoyoufeelwhenoldfriendsarefarawayDoyou__keanefforttokeepintouchSometimesitiseasytoputoffwritingaletterthinkingthattherewillbeplentyoftimetomorrow.Butthensometimesasthisstoryshowsweleaveittoolate.Perhapsreadingitwill__keyouwanttoreachforyourpen.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------老朋友天各一方,你心有何感?你是否努力保持__?有时候写信的事很容易会一拖再拖,总以为明天有的是时间然而,正如这则故事所表明的,有时我们拖得太晚了也许读一读这个故事会让你提起笔来--------------------------------------------------------------------------------AlltheCabbieHadWasaLetterFosterFurcolo1HemusthavebeencompletelylostinsomethinghewasreadingbecauseIhadtotaponthewindshieldtogethisattention.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------出租车司机拥有的就剩___福斯特·弗克洛他准是完全沉浸在所读的东西里了,因为我不得不敲挡风玻璃来引起他的注意2IsyourcabavailableIaskedwhenhefinallylookedupatme.HenoddedthensaidapologeticallyasIsettledintothebackseatImsorrybutIwasreadingaletter.Hesoundedasifhehadacoldorsomething.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------他总算抬头看我了“你出车吗?”我问道他点点头,当我坐进后座时,他抱歉地说“对不起,我在读___”听上去他像是得了感冒什么的3IminnohurryItoldhim.Goaheadandfinishyourletter.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------“我不着急,”我对他说,“你接着把信读完吧”4Heshookhishead.Ivereaditseveraltimesalready.IguessIalmostknowitbyheart.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------他摇了摇头“我已经读了好几遍了我想我都能背出来了”5LettersfromhomealwaysmeanalotIsaid.AtleasttheydowithmebecauseImontheroadsomuch.Thenesti__tingthathewas60or70yearsoldIguessed:Fromachildor__ybeagrandchild--------------------------------------------------------------------------------“家书抵万金啊,”我说“至少对我来说是这样,因为我老是在外旅行”我估量他有六七十岁了,便猜测说“是孩子还是__写来的?”6Thisisntfamilyhereplied.Althoughhewentoncometothinkofititmightjustaswellhavebeenfamily.OldEdwasmyoldestfriend.InfactweusedtocalleachotherOldFriend--whenwedmeetthatis.Imnotmuchofahandatwriting.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------“不是家里人,”他回答说“不过,”他接着说,“想起来,也可以算是一家人了埃德老伙计是我最老的朋友了实际上,过去我俩总是以‘老朋友’相称的——就是说,当我俩相见时我这人就是不大会写东西”7Idontthinkanyofuskeepupourcorresponden__toowellIsaid.IknowIdont.ButItakeithessomeoneyouveknownquiteawhile--------------------------------------------------------------------------------“我看大家写信都不那么勤快,”我说,“我自己笔头就很懒我看,你认识他挺久了吧?”8Allmylifepractically.Wewerekidstogethersowegowayback.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------“差不多认识了一辈子了我俩小时候就一起玩,所以我俩的友谊确实很长了”9Wenttoschooltogether--------------------------------------------------------------------------------“一起上的学?”10Allthewaythroughhighschool.Wewereinthesameclassinfactthroughbothgradeandhighschool.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------“都一起上到高中呢事实上,我俩从小学到高中都在一个班里”11Therearenottoo__nypeoplewhovehadsuchalongfriendshipIsaid.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------“保持这么长久友谊的人可真不多见啊,”我说12ActuallythedriverwentonIhadntseenhimmorethanon__ortwi__ayearoverthepast25or30yearsbecauseImovedawayfromtheoldneighborhoodandyoukindoflosetoucheventhoughyouneverforget.Hewasagreatguy.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------“其实呢,”司机接着说,“近25到30年来,我跟他一年只见一两次面,因为我从原来住的街区搬了出来,__自然就少了,虽说你一直放在心上他在的时候可真是个大好人”13Yousaidwas.Doesthatmean---------------------------------------------------------------------------------“你刚才说他‘在的时候’你是说——?”14Henodded.Diedacoupleofweeksago.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------他点了点头“前几个星期过世啦”15ImsorryIsaid.Itsnofuntoloseanyfriend--andlosingarealoldoneiseventougher.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------“真遗憾,”我说,“失去朋友真不是个滋味,失去个真正的老朋友更让人受不了”16Hedidntreplytothatandwerodeoninsilen__forafewminutes.ButIrealizedthatOldEdwasstillonhismindwhenhespokeagainalmostmoretohimselfthantome:Ishouldhavekeptintouch.YesherepeatedIshouldhavekeptintouch.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------他开着车,没有接话儿我们沉默了几分钟可我知道他还在想着老埃德他又开口时,与其说是跟我说话,还不如说是自言自语“我真该一直保持__真的,”他重复道,“我真该一直保持__”17wellIagreedWeshouldallkeepintouchwitholdfriendsmorethanwedo.Butthingscomeupandwejustdontseemtofindthetime.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------“是啊,”我表示赞同,“我们都该与老朋友保持更多的__不过总是有事情冒出来,好像就是抽不出空来”18Heshrugged.Weusedtofindthetimehesaid.Thatsevenmentionedintheletter.Hehandeditovertome.Takealook.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------他耸了耸肩“我们过去总能抽出空来,”他说“信里还提到呢”他把信递给我,“你看看吧”19ThanksIsaidbutIdontwanttoreadyour__il.Thatsprettypersonal.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------“谢谢你,”我说,“不过我不想读你的信这纯属私事”20Thedrivershrugged.OldEdsdead.Theresnothingpersonalnow.Goaheadheurgedme.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------司机耸一耸肩“老埃德人都死了没什么私事不私事了看吧,”他催促说21Theletterwaswritteninpencil.ItbeganwiththegreetingOldFriendandthefirstsenten__remindedmeofmyself.IvebeenmeaningtowriteforsometimebutIvealwayspostponedit.Itthenwentontosaythatheoftenthoughtaboutthegoodtimestheyhadhadtogetherwhentheybothlivedinthesameneighborhood.Ithadreferen__stothingsthatprobablymeantsomethingtothedriversuchasthetimeTimSheabrokethewindowtheHalloweenthatwetiedOldMr.ParkersgateandwhenMrs.Culverusedtokeepusafterschool.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------信是用铅笔写的称呼写着“老朋友”,而开头第一句话让我想到自己“早就想写信了,可就是一拖再拖”信里接着写道,他常常回想从前两人住在一个街区时的快乐时光信里提到些事,可能对司机很重要,比如“那次蒂姆·谢打破窗子,那年万圣节前夕,我们把老帕克先生的大门拴了起来,还有卡尔弗太太老是在放学后把咱俩留下训斥的那阵子”22YoumusthavespentalotoftimetogetherIsaidtohim.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------“你们俩准是在一起度过了不少时光,”我对他说23Likeitsaysthereheansweredaboutallwehadtospendinthosedayswastime.Heshookhishead:Time.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------“就跟信里写的那样,”他回答说,“我俩在那个时候能花的只有时间”他摇头叹道“时间啊”24Ithoughtthenextparagraphoftheletterwasalittlesad:IbegantheletterwithOldFriendbecausethatswhatwevebecomeovertheyears--oldfriends.Andtherearent__nyofusleft.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------信里接下来的那段我觉得有点凄凉“信的开头我写着‘老朋友’,因为这么多年来,我们这对老朋友渐渐都老了我们这些人当中留下的也不多了”25YouknowIsaidtohimWhenitsaysherethattherearent__nyofusleftthatsabsolutelyright.EverytimeIgotoaclassreunionforexampletherearefewerandfewerstillaround.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------“你要知道,”我对他说,“信里说我们这些人当中留下的不多了,说得一点不错比如说,每次我去参加老同学聚会,来的人总是越来越少”26Timegoesbythedriversaid.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------“时间不饶人啊,”司机说27Didyoutwoworkatthesamepla__Iaskedhim.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------“你们俩以前在一起工作吗?”我问他28Nobutwehungoutonthesamecornerwhenweweresingle.Andthenwhenwewere__rriedweusedtogotoeachothershouseeverynowandthen.Butforthelast20or30yearsitsbeenmostlyjustChrist__scards.Ofcoursetheredbealwaysanotewedeachaddtothecards--usuallysomenewsaboutourfamiliesyouknowwhatthekidsweredoingwhomovedwhereanewgrandchildthingslikethat--butneverarealletteroranythinglikethat.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------“不,不过没成家时我俩总在一起闲荡后来,两人都成了家,就不时相互串门可最近这二___来,主要就是寄寄圣诞卡了当然,我俩都总在卡上写几句——通常是关于各自家里的情况,不是吗,孩子们在干些什么,谁搬到哪儿,添了个小__,都是这类事——可一直都没正儿八经地写过信什么的”29ThisisagoodparthereIsaid.WhereitsaysYourfriendshipovertheyearshasmeantanawfullottomemorethanIcansaybecauseImnotgoodatsayingthingslikethat.Ifoundmyselfnoddinginagreement.Thatmusthave__deyoufeelgooddidntit--------------------------------------------------------------------------------“这一处写得好,”我说,“这里写道‘你多年的友谊对我非常重要,远比我能说出来的重要得多,因为我不擅长说这样的话’”我颔首称是“这话准让你听着开心,是吧?”30ThedriversaidsomethingthatIcouldntunderstandbecauseheseemedtobeallchokedupsoIcontinued:IknowIdliketore__ivealetterlikethatfrommyoldestfriend.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------司机说了句什么,可我没听明白,因为他似乎哽噎得厉害于是我接着说“我也真想收到这样一封老朋友的来信”31WeweregettingclosetoourdestinationsoIskippedtothelastparagraph.SoIthoughtyoudliketoknowthatIwasthinkingofyou.AnditwassignedYourOldFriendTom.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------我们快到目的地了,于是我跳到最后一段“因此我想你一定想知道我惦记着你”信末署名“老朋友汤姆”32Ihandedbacktheletteraswestoppedatmyhotel.EnjoyedtalkingwithyouIsaidasItookmysuitcaseoutofthecab.TomTheletterwassignedTom--------------------------------------------------------------------------------我们在我的旅店前停下,我把信递了回去“很高兴能和你聊聊,”我将衣箱从车上提下时说汤姆?信的署名是汤姆?33IthoughtyourfriendsnamewasEdIsaid.WhydidhesignitTom--------------------------------------------------------------------------------“我记得你朋友叫埃德,”我说,“___他署名汤姆呢?”34TheletterwasnotfromEdtomeheexplained.ImTom.ItsaletterIwrotetohimbeforeIknewhed___d.SoInever__iledit.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------“这封信不是汤姆写给我的,”他解释说,“我是汤姆这是我在得知他去世前写给他的信所以我一直没寄出”35Helookedsortofsorrowfulorasifheweretryingtoseesomethinginthedistan__.IguessIshouldhavewrittenitsooner.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------他神情有点悲伤,似乎想看清远处什么东西“我想我真该早些写这封信”36WhenIgottomyhotelroomIdidntunpackrightaway.FirstIhadtowritealetter-and__ilit.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------我进了旅馆__之后,没有马上打开箱包首先我得写封信——而且要寄出去ProfessorHawkingthinksitimportanttokeepeverybodyintouchwithwhatscien__isabout.Inthisarticleheexplainswhy.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------霍金教授认为使每个人都了解科学是干什么的非常重要在这篇文章中,他对其中的缘由作了解释--------------------------------------------------------------------------------PublicAttitudesTowardScien__StephenHawking1Whetherwelikeitornottheworldweliveinhaschangedagreatdealinthelasthundredyearsanditislikelytochangeevenmoreinthenexthundred.Somepeoplewouldliketostopthesechangesandgobacktowhattheyseeasapurerand______rage.Butashistoryshowsthepastwasnotthatwonderful.Itwasnotsobadforaprivilegedminoritythougheventheyhadtodowithoutmodernmedicineandchildbirthwashighlyriskyforwomen.Butforthevast__jorityofthepopulationlifewasnastybrutishandshort.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------公众科学观斯蒂芬·霍金无论我们是否愿意,我们生活的世界在过去一百年间已经变化了许多,而且在未来的一百年里可能变化更多有人想中止这种种变化,回到那个他们认为更纯洁更朴素的时代但正如历史所表明的,过去并非那么美妙过去对享有特权的少数人不算太糟,但即便他们也无从享受现代医疗,而生育对妇女来说风险极大对占人口大多数的民众而言,生活是艰难、残忍而又短暂的2Anywayevenifonewantedtoonecouldntputtheclockbacktoanearlierage.Knowledgeandtechniquescantjustbeforgotten.Norcanonepreventfurtheradvan__sinthefuture.Evenifallgover__entmoneyforresearchwerecutoffandthepresentgover__entisdoingitsbestthefor__ofcompetitionwouldstillbringaboutadvan__sintechnology.Moreoveronecannotstopinquiringmindsfromthinkingaboutbasicscien__whetherornottheyarepaidforit.Theonlywaytopreventfurtherdevelopmentswouldbeaglobalstatethatsuppressedanythingnewandhu__ninitiativeandinventivenessaresuchthateventhiswouldntsuc__ed.Allitwoulddoisslowdowntherateofchange.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------不管怎样,即使有人想这么做,他也无法将时钟拨回到早先的时代知识与技术不可能说忘就忘了也没有人能阻止未来的进一步发展即使所有用于研究的__资金都被取消(现__最擅此事),竞争的力量仍将继续带来技术的发展更何况,没有人能阻止探究求索之士去思索基础科学,无论他们是否会为此得到酬劳惟一能阻止进一步发展的办法或许是一个压制任何新事物的全球__,但人类的进取心与创造力如此旺盛,即便这个__也不会成功它所能做到的只是延缓变化的速度3Ifweac__ptthatwecannotpreventscien__andtechnologyfromchangingourworldwecanatleasttrytoensurethatthechangesthey__keareintherightdirections.Inademocraticsocietythismeansthatthepublicneedstohaveabasicunderstandingofscien__sothatitcan__keinformeddecisionsandnotleavetheminthehandsofexperts.Atthemomentthepublicisintwomindsaboutscien__.Ithascometoexpectthesteadyincreaseinthestandardoflivingthatnewdevelopmentsinscien__andtechnologyhavebroughttocontinuebutitalsodistrustsscien__becauseitdoesntunderstandit.Thisdistrustisevidentinthecartoonfigureofthe__dscientistworkinginhislaboratorytoprodu__aFrankenstein.ItisalsoanimportantelementbehindsupportfortheGreenparties.Butthepublicalsohasagreatinterestinscien__particularlyastronomyasisshownbythelargeau___n__sfortelevisionseriessuchasTheSkyatNightandforscien__fiction.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------如果我们承认,我们无法阻止科学技术改变我们的世界,我们至少可以努力确保科技带来的变化方向正确在一个__社会里,这意味着公众需要对科学有一个基本的了解,从而可以作出明达的决定,而不是把决定留给专家去作目前,公众对科学存有矛盾之心公众期望科技新发展带来的生活水准的稳定提高能继续,但又怀疑科学,因为他们不懂科学那个在实验室里设法制造弗兰肯斯泰因的疯狂的科学家的卡通人物清楚地体现了公众的这种怀疑这也是人们之所以支持各种绿色组织的一个重要因素但公众同时也对科学深感兴趣,尤其是对天文学,诸如《夜空》之类的电视系列节目观众不少以及科幻小说读者甚多就是明证4Whatcanbedonetoharnessthisinterestandgivethepublicthescientificbackgrounditneedsto__keinformeddecisionsonsubjectslikeacidrainthegreenhouseeffectnuclearweaponsandgeneticengineeringClearlythebasismustlieinwhatistaughtinschools.Butinschoolsscien__isoftenpresentedinadryanduninteresting__nner.Childrenlearnitbyrotetopassexaminationsandtheydontseeitsrelevan__totheworldaroundthem.Moreoverscien__isoftentaughtintermsofequations.Althoughequationsareabriefandaccuratewayofdescribing__the__ticalideastheyfrightenmostpeople.WhenIwroteapopularbookre__ntlyIwasadvisedthateachequationIincludedwouldhalvethesales.IincludedoneequationEinsteinsfamousequationE=mc
2.MaybeIwouldhavesoldtwi__as__nycopieswithoutit.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------怎么样才能利用这种兴趣,向公众提供所需要的科学知识,以便其在酸雨、温室效应、核武器以及基因工程等问题上作出明达的决定呢?显然,必须把基础建立在学校课程上但在学校里,科学往往被教得枯燥乏味孩子们死记硬背应付考试,他们看不出科学与他们的周围世界的__更有甚者,科学常常是用公式来教的虽然公式是阐述数学概念的一种简单而精确的方式,它们却使大多数人望而生畏前不久我写了一本通俗读物,当时有人告诫我说,我每使用一个公式就会使销量减半我只使用了一个公式,即爱因斯坦那个著名的公式,E=mc2如果不用这个公式的话,也许我能多卖出一倍的书5Scientistsandengineerstendtoexpresstheirideasintheformofequationsbecausetheyneedtoknowtheprecisevaluesofquantities.Butfortherestofusaqualitativegraspofscientificcon__ptsissufficientandthiscanbeconveyedbywordsanddiagramswithouttheuseofequations.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------科学家和工程师倾向于用公式阐述观点,因为他们需要知道量的精确值但对我们其余的人来说,对科学概念有个质的认识就已足够,这可以用文字和图表来表述,大可不必使用公式6Thescien__peoplelearninschoolcanprovidethebasicframework.Buttherateofscientificprogressisnowsorapidthattherearealwaysnewdevelopmentsthathaveoccurredsin__onewasatschooloruniversity.Ineverlearnedaboutmolecularbiologyortransistorsatschoolbutgeneticengineeringandcomputersaretwoofthedevelopmentsmostlikelytochangethewayweliveinthefuture.Popularbooksand__gazinearticlesaboutscien__canhelptoputacrossnewdevelopmentsbuteventhemostsuc__ssfulpopularbookisreadbyonlyas__llproportionofthepopulation.Onlytelevisioncanreachatruly__ssau___n__.Therearesomeverygoodscien__programmesonTVbutotherspresentscientificwonderssimplyas__gicwithoutexplainingthemorshowinghowtheyfitintotheframeworkofscientificideas.Produ__rsoftelevisionscien__programmesshouldrealizethattheyhavearesponsibilitytoeducatethepublicnotjustentertainit.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------人们在学校学到的科学知识可以提供一个基本的框架但如今科学进步的速度如此之快,一个人离开学校或大学后新的发展层出不穷我在学校从未学过分子生物学或晶体管,但基因工程和计算机是极有可能改变我们未来生活的两项发展有关科学的通俗读物和__文章能帮助人们了解新发展,但即使是最畅销的科普读物也只有一小部分人阅读只有电视能赢得真正广大的观众电视上有一些相当优秀的科学节目,但其他的节目把科学奇迹简单地作为魔术播出,既不加以说明,也不展现它们与科学观念的整体框架的关系电视科学节目的制片人应该认识到,他们负有教育民众的重任,而不仅仅是为他们提供娱乐7Theworldtodayisfilledwithdangershen__thesickjokethatthereasonwehavenotbeencontactedbyanaliencivilizationisthatcivilizationstendtodestroythemselveswhentheyreachourstage.ButIhavesufficientfaithinthegoodsenseofthepublictobelievethatwemightprovethiswrong.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------当今世界充满危险,因此就有了那个令人毛骨悚然的玩笑,说我们尚未受到外星文明造访的原因在于但凡文明发展到我们目前的程度,它们往往就自我毁灭了然而我对公众的明智充满信心,因而相信,我们将证明这一说法是错误的COPYRIGHT2006SHANGHAIFOREIGNLANGUAGEEDUCATIONPRESSdowithout没有...而设法对付过去e.g.Therewasnotelevisionontheislandbutwesoonlearnedtodowithout.TheAmericanDreammeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.Butfor__nyparticularlyimmigrantsitmeanstheopportunityto__keabetterlifeforthemselves.ForthemthedreamisthattalentandhardworkcantakeyoufromlogcabintoWhiteHouse.TonyTrivisonnodidnotrisequitesohighyethe__nagedto__kehisowndreamcometrue.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------美国梦对不同的人有不同的意义但对许多人,尤其是对__而言,它意味着改善自己生活的机会对于他们,美国梦的含义就是才能与勤劳能让你从小木屋走向白宫托尼·特里韦索诺并没有爬到那么高,但他成功地使自己的梦想成真--------------------------------------------------------------------------------TonyTrivisonnosAmericanDreamFrederickC.Crawford1HecamefromarockyfarminItalysomewheresouthofRome.HoworwhenhegottoAmericaIdontknow.ButoneeveningIfoundhimstandinginthedrivewaybehindmygarage.Hewasaboutfive-foot-sevenoreightandthin.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------托尼·特里韦索诺的美国梦弗雷德里克·C·克罗弗德他来自意大利罗马以南某地一个多岩石的农庄他什么时候怎么到美国的,我不清楚不过,有天晚上,我看到他站在我家__后面的车道上他身高五英尺
七、八左右,人很瘦2Imowyourlawnhesaid.ItwashardtocomprehendhisbrokenEnglish.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------“我割你的草坪,”他说他那结结巴巴的英语很难听懂3Iaskedhimhisname.TonyTrivisonnohereplied.Imowyourlawn.ItoldTonythatIcouldntaffordagardener.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------我问他叫什么名字“托尼·特里韦索诺,”他回答说,“我割你的草坪”我对托尼讲,本人雇不起园丁4Imowyourlawnhesaidagainthenwalkedaway.Iwentintomyhouseunhappy.YestheseDepressiondaysweredifficultbuthowcouldIturnawayapersonwhohadcometomeforhelp--------------------------------------------------------------------------------“我割你的草坪,”他又说道,随后便走开了我走进屋子,心里有点不快没错,眼下这大萧条的日子是不好过,可我怎么能把一个上门求助的人就这么打发走呢?5WhenIgothomefromworkthenexteveningthelawnhadbeenmowedthegardenweededandthewalksswept.Iaskedmywifewhathadhappened.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------等我第二天晚上下班回到家,草坪已修整过了,花园除了草,人行道也清扫过了我便问太太是怎么回事6A__ngotthelawnmoweroutofthegarageandworkedontheyardsheanswered.Iassumedyouhadhiredhim.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------“有个人把割草机从汽__里推出来就在院子里忙活起来,”她回答说,“我还以为是你雇他来的”7Itoldherofmyexperien__thenightbefore.Wethoughtitstrangethathehadnotaskedforpay.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------我就把前晚的事跟她说了我俩都觉得奇怪,他怎么没提出要工钱8ThenexttwodayswerebusyandIforgotaboutTony.Weweretryingtorebuildourbusinessandbringsomeofourworkersbacktotheplants.ButonFridayreturninghomealittleearlyIsawTonyagainbehindthegarage.Icomplimentedhimontheworkhehaddone.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------接下来的两天挺忙,我把托尼的事给忘了我们在尽力重整业务,要让一部分工人回厂里来但在星期五,回家略微早了些,我又在汽__后面看到了托尼我对他干的活夸奖了几句9Imowyourlawnhesaid.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------“我割你的草坪,”他说10I__nagedtoworkoutsomekindofs__llweeklypayandeachdayTonycleaneduptheyardandtookcareofanylittletasks.Mywifesaidhewasveryhelpfulwhenevertherewereanyheavyobjectstoliftorthingstofix.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------我设法凑了一小笔微薄的周薪,就这样托尼每天清扫院子,有什么零活,他都干了我太太说,但凡有重物要搬或有什么要修理的,他挺派得上用场11Summerpassedintofallandwindsblewcold.Mr.CrawsnowprettysoonTonytoldmeoneevening.Whenwintercomeyougivemejobclearingsnowatthefactory.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------夏去秋来,凉风阵阵“克罗先生,快下雪了,”有天晚上托尼跟我说,“等冬天到了,你让我在厂里干扫雪的活”12WellwhatdoyoudowithsuchdeterminationandhopeOfcourseTonygothisjobatthefactory.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------啊,对这种执着与期盼,你又能怎样呢?自然,托尼得到了厂里的那份活儿13Themonthspassed.Iaskedthepersonneldepartmentforareport.TheysaidTonywasaverygoodworker.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------几个月过去了我让人事部门送上一份报告他们说托尼干得挺棒14OnedayIfoundTonyatourmeetingpla__behindthegarage.Iwanttobeprenti__hesaid.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------一天我在汽__后面我们以前见面的地方看到了托尼“我想做学徒,”他说15Wehadaprettygoodapprenti__schoolthattrainedlaborers.ButIdoubtedwhetherTonyhadthecapacitytoreadblueprintsandmicrometersordoprecisionwork.StillhowcouldIturnhimdown--------------------------------------------------------------------------------我们有个挺不错的培训工人的徒工学校可我怀疑托尼是否有能力学会看图纸、用千分尺,是否胜任做精密__工作尽管如此,可我怎么能拒绝他呢?16Tonytookacutinpaytobecomeanapprenti__.MonthslaterIgotareportthathehadgraduatedasaskilledgrinder.Hehadlearnedtoreadthemillionthsofaninchonthemicrometerandtoshapethegrindingwheelwithaninstrumentsetwithadiamond.MywifeandIweredelightedwithwhatwefeltwasasatisfyingendofthestory.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------托尼减了薪水当了徒工几个月之后,我收到报告,他已从徒工学校毕业,成了熟练磨工他学会了在千分尺上辨识一百万分之一英寸,会用镶嵌着金刚石的工具制作砂轮我和太太都挺高兴,觉得他的事总算有了个令人满意的结局17AyearortwopassedandagainIfoundTonyinhisusualwaitingpla__.WetalkedabouthisworkandIaskedhimwhathewanted.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------一两年过去了,我在托尼惯常等我的地方又看到了他我们聊起了他的工作,接着我问他有什么要求18Mr.CrawhesaidIlikeabuyahouse.Ontheedgeoftownhehadfoundahouseforsaleacompletewreck.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------“克罗先生,”他说,“我想__”在小镇边上,他看到有房出售,完全是幢破房19Icalledonabankerfriend.DoyoueverloanmoneyoncharacterIasked.Nohesaid.Wecantaffordto.Nosale.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------我去见一位当银行家的朋友“人品贷款你干不干?”我问“不干,”他说,“我们承担不起没门”20NowwaitaminuteIreplied.Hereisahard-working__na__nofcharacterIcanpromiseyouthat.Hesgotagoodjob.Yourenotgettingadamnthingfromyourlot.Itwillstaythereforyears.Atleasthewillpayyourinterest.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------“哎,等等,”我应道,“有个人干活勤勉,人品端正,这一点我__他有个好工作眼下,你从你那块地上一分钱也得不到那块地空在那儿要好多年呢至少他会付你利息嘛”21Reluctantlythebankerwroteamortgagefor$2000andgaveTonythehousewithnodownpayment.Tonywasdelighted.Fromthenonitwasinterestingtoseethatanydiscardedoddsandendsaroundourpla__-abrokenscreenabitofhardwareboardsfrompacking-Tonywouldgatherandtakehome.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------那位银行家勉强开了两千美金抵押贷款,没要托尼__就把房子给了他托尼乐不可支从那以后,只要我家附近有什么被人扔弃的零星杂物,坏了的屏风啦,五金器具啦,包装纸板啦,托尼都要收起来拿回家,看他这个样子真是有意思22AfterabouttwoyearsIfoundTonyinourfamiliarmeetingspot.Heseemedtostandalittlestraighter.Hewasheavier.Hehadalookofconfiden__.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------约摸过了两年,我在我们见面的老地方又看到了托尼他身子似乎挺直了些,人也见胖了,样子挺自信23Mr.CrawIsellmyhouse!hesaidwithpride.Igot$
8000.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------“克罗先生,我__子!”他得意地说“我得了八千美金”24Iwasa__zed.ButTonywhereareyougoingtolivewithoutahouse--------------------------------------------------------------------------------我非常吃惊“可是,托尼,没了房子你住哪儿呢?”25Mr.CrawIbuyafarm.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------“克罗先生,我买农庄”26Wesatdownandtalked.Tonytoldmethattoownafarmwashisdream.Helovedtheto__toesandpeppersandalltheothervegetablesimportanttohisItalian___t.HehadsentforhiswifeandsonanddaughterbackinItaly.Hehadhuntedaroundtheedgeoftownuntilhefoundas__llabandonedpie__ofpropertywithahouseandshed.Nowhewasmovinghisfamilytohisfarm.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------我们坐下聊了起来托尼告诉我说,拥有一个农庄是他的梦想他喜欢番茄、辣椒以及意大利菜肴中相当重要的其它各种蔬菜他把在意大利的妻子和__、__都接来了他在小镇周边到处找,终于找到一处没人要的一小块__,有一幢房,还有间小棚他正在把家搬到农庄去27SometimelaterTonyarrivedonaSundayafternoonneatlydressed.HehadanotherItalian__nwithhim.HetoldmethathehadpersuadedhischildhoodfriendtomovetoAmerica.Tonywassponsoringhim.Withanamusedlookinhiseyehetoldmethatwhentheyapproachedthelittlefarmhenowoperatedhisfriendstoodina__zementandsaidTonyyouareamillionaire!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------又过了一些时候,在一个星期日的下午托尼来了,他穿戴得整整齐齐和他一起来的还有另一位意大利人他告诉我,他说服了儿时的伙伴前来美国托尼为他作经济__他眼里露出顽皮的神情,对我说,他俩来到他经营的小农庄时,他的朋友惊奇地站住说,“托尼,你是个百万富翁啦!”28Thenduringthewaramessagecamefrommycompany.Tonyhadpassedaway.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------后来,在战争期间,公司里传出了一个消息托尼去世了29Iaskedourpeopletocheckonhisfamilyandseethateverythingwasproperlyhandled.Theyfoundthefarmgreenwithvegetablesthelittlehouselivableandhomey.Therewasatractorandagoodcarintheyard.ThechildrenwereeducatedandworkingandTonydidntowea__nt.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------我让公司的人去他家看看,确保各项事宜都得到妥善安置他们看到农场上长着绿油油的蔬菜,小屋布置得舒适温馨,院子里有一辆拖拉机,还有一辆不错的汽车孩子受过教育,都工作了,托尼身前没有分文欠债30AfterhepassedawayIthoughtmoreandmoreaboutTonyscareer.Hegrewinstatureinmymind.IntheendIthinkhestoodastallandasproudasthegreatestAmericanindustrialists.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------托尼去世后,我一直想着他的经历他的形象在我心目中越来越高大最后,我觉得他就和美国那些最大的实业家一样高大、自豪31Theyhadallreachedtheirsuc__ssbythesamerouteandbythesamevaluesandprinciples:visiondeterminationself-controloptimi__self-respectandaboveallintegrity.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------他们都通过同样的途径,本着同样的价值观和原则获得了成功远见、执着、自制、乐观、自尊,以及最重要的,正直32Tonydidnotbeginonthebottomrungoftheladder.Hebeganinthebasement.Tonysaffairsweretiny;thegreatestindustrialistsaffairsweregiant.Butafterallthebalan__sheetswereexactlythesame.Theonlydifferen__waswhereyouputthedeci__lpoint.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------托尼不是从最低一级阶梯往上爬的,他是从地下室往上爬的托尼的事业很小,那些最大的实业家的事业很大但究其实,两者的资产负债表完全一样惟一的不同是你把小数点点在什么地方33TonyTrivisonnocametoAmericaseekingtheAmericanDream.Buthedidntfindit-hecreateditforhimself.Allhehadwere24precioushoursadayandhewastednoneofthem.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------托尼·特里韦索诺来到美国寻求美国梦但他没有找到什么美国梦——他为自己创造了一个美国梦他的全部拥有是一天宝贵的__四小时,而他一刻也没有浪费COPYRIGHT2006SHANGHAIFOREIGNLANGUAGEEDUCATIONPRESSTheCompanyMan公司的人1Heworkedhimselftodeathfinallyandpreciselyat3:00A.M.Sundaymorning.最终,他于星期天凌晨3点工作致死2Theobituarydidntsaythatofcourse.Itsaidthathe___dofacoronarythrombosis--Ithinkthatwasit--buteveryoneamonghisfriendsandacquaintan__sknewitinstantly.HewasaperfectTypeAaworkaholicaclassictheysaidtoeachotherandshooktheirheads--andthoughtforfiveortenminutesaboutthewaytheylived.当然,讣告上没有这样写讣告上写的是死于冠状动脉血栓证,但他的好友和熟识的人都心知肚明他们互相握着手,摇头叹息地说他是一个追求__的A型血人,一个典型的工作狂,然后用几分钟时间来反思自己的生活方式3This__nwhoworkedhimselftodeathfinallyandpreciselyat3:00A.M.Sundaymorning--onhisdayoff--wasfifty-oneyearsoldandavi__-president.Hewashoweveroneofsixvi__-presidentsandoneofthreewhomightcon__ivably--ifthepresident___dorretiredsoonenough--havemovedtothetopspot.Philknewthat.这个男人最终在星期天凌晨三点整工作致死星期天的早上,这天刚好是这个51岁的副总裁的休息日他是公司六位副总裁之一,也是副总裁中三位最让人信任的人之一,如果总裁已经__或者退休的话,他已经成为了最高职位菲尔清楚这一点4Heworkedsixdaysaweekfiveofthemuntileightornineatnightduringatimewhenhisowncompanyhadbegunthefour-dayweekforeveryonebuttheexecutives.HeworkedliketheImportantPeople.Hehadnooutsideextracurricularinterestsunlessofcourseyouthinkaboutamonthlygolfgamethatway.ToPhilitwaswork.Healwaysateeggsaladsandwichesathisdesk.Hewasofcourseoverweightby20or25pounds.Hethoughtitwasokaythoughbecausehedidnt__oke.他一周工作六天,其中五天工作到夜里__点,他的公司里除了高级官员,其他人都已经开始四天工作制他工作起来像一个重要人物当然,就像你想象中那样,他每月打一次高尔夫球,他没有其他的爱好对菲尔而言,高尔夫是工作他总是在他的桌前吃着吃鸡蛋沙拉三明治,他难免有点发福,超重了20-25磅他想这没什么关系,因为他从不抽烟5OnSaturdaysPhilworeasportsjackettotheoffi__insteadofasuitbecauseitwastheweekend.星期六,菲尔换下西服,穿着运动衫去上班,因为这是周末6Hehadalotofpeopleworkingforhim__ybesixtyandmostofthemlikedhimmostofthetime.Threeofthemwillbeseriouslyconsideredforhisjob.Theobituarydidntmentionthat.他有大约60个人为他效力,大部分人在大部分时候觉得他很不错其中三位紧盯着他的职位讣告上没有提及这些7Butitdidlisthissurvivorsquiteaccurately.HeissurvivedbyhiswifeHelenforty-eightyearsoldagoodwo__nofnoparticular__rketableskillswhoworkedinanoffi__before__rryingandmothering.Shehadaccordingtoherdaughtergivenuptryingtocompetewithhisworkyearsagowhenthechildrenweres__ll.AcompanyfriendsaidIknowhowmuchyouwillmisshim.AndsheansweredIalreadyhave.但是讣告详细地介绍了他的遗孀他的妻子,海伦,一个48岁的好女人,没有什么特别的市场能力,在结婚生子之前在一家公司上班她说,在__的记忆里,她很多年前,当孩子们还很小的时候,就放弃了和他工作的__一个工作伙伴说,“我知道你将对他有多思念”,她回答到,“我一直都很想他”8Missinghimalltheseyearsshemusthavegivenuppartofherselfwhichhadcaredtoomuchforthe__n.Shewouldbewelltakencareof.“想了他这么多年了,”她如此在乎的这个男人,必须放弃她,以后她将会被“好好的照顾”9Hisdearlybelovedeldestofthedearlybelovedchildrenisahard-workingexecutiveina__nufacturingfirmdownSouth.Inthedayandahalfbeforethefuneralhewentaroundtheneighborhoodresearchinghisfatheraskingtheneighborswhathewaslike.Theywereembarrassed.他的“最爱的”孩子们中“最爱的”长子是南方某制造公司努力工作的经理在葬礼前的一天半里,他走访邻居询问邻居们询问邻居对他的印象他们很尴尬10Hissecondchildisagirlwhoistwenty-fourandnewly__rried.Shelivesnearhermotherandtheyareclosebutwhenevershewasalonewithherfatherinacardrivingsomewheretheyhadnothingtosaytoeachother.他的第二个孩子是一个女孩,24岁了,刚刚结婚她和妈妈住的很近,很亲密,但是无论什么时候,当她和爸爸独处的时候,哪怕是在一辆车中,他们互相没有什么言语11Theyoungestistwentyaboyahigh-schoolgraduatewhohasspentthelastcoupleofyearslikealotofhisfriendsdoingenoughoddjobstostayingrassandfood.Hewastheonewhotriedtograbathisfatherandtriedtomeanenoughtohimtokeepthe__nathome.Hewashisfathersfavorite.OverthelasttwoyearsPhilstayedupnightsworryingabouttheboy.最小的是一个男孩,20岁,高中毕业生,像很多他的朋友一样,做一些零工,吃喝玩乐他是唯一一个能够抓住父亲的人,尝试把父亲留到家里他是他父亲最喜欢的__,在生命的最后两年里,菲尔整夜担心这个孩子12Theboyon__saidMyfatherandIonlyboardhere.他曾说过,“父亲和我只是在这里寄宿”13Atthefuneralthesixty-year-oldcompanypresidenttoldtheforty-eight-year-oldwidowthatthefifty-one-year-oldde__asedhadmeantmuchtothecompanyandwouldbemissedandwouldbehardtorepla__.Thewidowdidntlookhimintheeye.Shewasafraidhewouldreadherbitternessandafterallshewouldneedhimtostraightenoutthefinan__s--thestockoptionsandallthat.在葬礼上,60岁的总裁安慰48岁的遗孀说,这位51岁的死者对公司的贡献巨大,没有人可以替代他的位置这位遗孀不敢直视他眼睛她害怕他可以读出她的苦痛,毕竟,她需要他帮忙清理丈夫的财政—股票什么的14Philwasoverweightandnervousandworkedtoohard.Ifhewasntattheoffi__hewasworriedaboutit.PhilwasaTypeAheart-attacknatural.Youcouldhavepickedhimoutinaminutefromalineup.菲尔超重、焦虑、工作强度太大如果他不在公司,就会担心公司的工作菲尔是一个A型血,先天易发心脏病在人群中,你可以一眼就把他认出来15Sowhenhefinallyworkedhimselftodeathatprecisely3:00A.M.Sundaymorningnoonewasreallysurprised.所以当他最终因工作死于星期天凌晨三点整,没人感到意外16By5:00P.M.theafternoonofthefuneralthecompanypresidenthadbegundiscreetlyofcoursewithcareandtasteto__keinquiriesabouthisrepla__ment.Oneofthreemen.Heaskedaround:Whosbeenworkingthehardest葬礼过后的下午5点,公司总裁已经开始谨慎地,带着小心和鉴赏,审视着三位可以代替他职位的人他问到“谁工作最努力?”Aletterortelephonecallcomesfromsomeoneyouhavenotmetandyoufindyourselfi__giningwhatthepersonlookslikeputtingafa__tothehiddenvoi__.AreyouanygoodatthisSometimesitiseasytogetitwrong.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------一个你从没有见过的人给你寄来___或打来一个__,而你不知不觉地想象着这个人是个什么样儿,赋予这个隐秘的声音一张面孔这事儿你干得来吗?有时候是很容易搞错的--------------------------------------------------------------------------------AValentineStoryDougBell1JohnBlanchardstoodupfromthebenchstraightenedhisArmyuniformandstu___dthecrowdofpeople__kingtheirwaythroughGrandCentralStation.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------爱情故事道格·贝尔约翰·布兰查德从长凳上站起身来,整了整军装,留意着格兰德__车站进出的人群2Helookedforthegirlwhoseheartheknewbutwhosefa__hedidntthegirlwiththerose.HisinterestinherhadbeguntwelvemonthsbeforeinaFloridalibrary.Takingabookofftheshelfhesoonfoundhimselfabsorbednotbythewordsofthebookbutbythenotespenciledinthe__rgin.Thesofthandwritingreflectedathoughtfulsoulandinsightfulmind.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------他在寻找一位姑娘,一位佩带玫瑰的姑娘他知其心,但不知其貌十二个月前,在佛罗里达州的一个图书馆,他对她产生了兴趣他从书架上取下一本书,很快便被吸引住了,不是被书的内容,而是被铅笔写的眉批柔和的笔迹显示出其人多思善虑的心灵和富有洞察力的头脑3InthefrontofthebookhediscoveredthepreviousownersnameMissHollisMaynell.Withtimeandefforthelocatedheraddress.ShelivedinNewYorkCity.Hewroteheraletterintroducinghimselfandinvitinghertocorrespond.Thenextdayhewasshippedoverseasforservi__inWorldWarII.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------在书的前页,他找到了前一位拥有人的姓名,霍利斯·梅奈尔小姐他花了一番工夫和努力,找到了她的地址她住在纽约市他给她写了___介绍自己,并请她回复第二天他被运往海外,参加第二次世界大战4Duringthenextyearthetwogrewtoknoweachotherthroughthe__il.Eachletterwasaseedfallingonafertileheart.Aro__n__wasbudding.Blanchardrequestedaphotographbutsherefused.Sheexplained:“IfyourfeelingformehasanyrealityanyhonestbasiswhatIlooklikewont__tter.SupposeImbeautiful.Idalwaysbehauntedbythefeelingthatyouhadbeentakingachan__onjustthatandthatkindoflovewoulddisgustme.SupposeImplainandyoumustadmitthatthisismorelikely.ThenIdalwaysfearthatyouweregoingonwritingtomeonlybecauseyouwerelonelyandhadnooneelse.Nodontaskformypicture.WhenyoucometoNewYorkyoushallseemeandthenyoushall__keyourdecision.Rememberbothofusarefreetostoportogoonafterthat-whicheverwechoose...--------------------------------------------------------------------------------在接下来的一年当中,两人通过信件来往增进了了解每___都如一颗种子撒入肥沃的心灵之土浪漫的爱情之花就要绽开布兰查德提出要一张照片,可她拒绝了她解释道“如果你对我的感情是真实的,是诚心诚意的,那我的相貌如何并不重要设想我美丽动人我将会一直深感不安,惟恐你只是因为我的容貌就贸然与我相爱,而这种爱情令我憎恶设想本人相貌平平(你得承认,这种可能性更大)那我一直会担心,你和我保持通信仅仅是出于孤独寂寞,无人交谈不,别索要照片等你到了纽约,你会见到我,到时你可再作定夺切记,见面后我俩都可___决定中止关系或继续交往——无论你怎么选择......”5WhenthedayfinallycameforhimtoreturnfromEuropetheyscheduledtheirfirstmeeting-7:00p.m.atGrandCentralStationNewYork.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------他从欧洲回国的日子终于到了他们安排了两人的第一次见面——晚上七点,纽约格兰德__车站6YoullrecognizemeshewrotebytheredroseIllbewearingonmylapel.Soat7:00p.m.hewasinthestationlookingforagirlwhohadfilledsuchaspecialpla__inhislifeforthepast12monthsagirlhehadneverseenyetwhosewrittenwordshadbeenwithhimandsustainedhimunfailingly.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------“你会认出我的,”她写道,“我会在衣襟上戴一朵红玫瑰”于是,晚上七点,他候在车站,寻找一位过去一年里在自己生活中占据了如此特殊地位的姑娘,一位素未谋面,但其文字伴随着他、始终支撑着他精神的姑娘7IllletMr.Blanchard____youwhathappened:Ayoungwo__nwascomingtowardmeherfigurelongandslim.Hergoldenhairlaybackincurlsfromherdelicateears;hereyeswereblueasflowers.Herlipsandchinhadagentlefirmnessandinherpalegreensuitshewaslikespringtimecomealive.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------且让布兰查德先生告诉你接下来发生的事吧:一位年轻的姑娘向我走来,她身材颀长纤细一头卷曲的金发披在秀美的耳后;眼睛碧蓝,如花似玉她的双唇和下颌线条柔和,却又柔中见刚,她身穿浅绿色套装,犹如春天一般生气盎然8Istartedtowardherentirelyforgettingtonoti__thatshewasnotwearingarose.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------我朝她走去,完全忘了去看她有没有戴玫瑰花9AsImovedas__llprovocative__ilecurvedherlips.Goingmywaysailorshemurmured.AlmostuncontrollablyI__deonestepclosertoherandthenIsawHollisMaynell.Shewasstandingalmostdirectlybehindthegirl.Awo__nwellpast40shehadgrayinghairpinnedupunderawornhat.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------我走过去时,她双唇绽开撩人的微笑“和我同路吗,水兵?”她小声问道我情不自禁,再向她走近一步可就在这时,我看到了霍利斯·梅奈尔她差不多就站在姑娘的正后面,早已年过四十,灰白的头发用卡子向上别着,头上带着一顶旧帽子10Shewasmorethanalittleoverweightherthick-ankledfeetthrustintolow-heeledshoes.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------她体态臃肿,粗圆的脚踝上套着一双低跟鞋11Thegirlinthegreensuitwaswalkingquicklyaway.IfeltasthoughIwassplitintwosokeenwasmydesiretofollowherandyetsodeepwasmylongingforthewo__nwhosespirithadtrulycompanionedmeandupheldmyown.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------穿着绿色套装的姑娘快步走开了我觉得自己好像被分成了两半,一方面热切地想去追赶她,但另一方面我又渴望那一位以其心灵真诚陪伴我并成为我的精神支柱的女人12Andthereshestood.Herpaleroundfa__wasgentleandsensiblehergrayeyeshadawarmandkindlyglow.Ididnothesitate.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------她站在那儿,苍白的圆脸显得温柔理智,灰色的眼睛透出热情善良___迟疑13Myfingersgrippedthes__llwornblueleathercopyofthebookthatwastoidentifymetoher.ThiswouldnotbelovebutitwouldbesomethingprecioussomethingperhapsevenbetterthanloveafriendshipforwhichIhadbeenandmusteverbegrateful.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------我手里紧握着那本小小的让她辨认我的蓝色羊皮面旧书这不会是爱情,但将是某种珍贵的、或许比爱情更美妙的东西,一种我曾经感激,并将永远感激的友情14Isquaredmyshouldersandsalutedandheldoutthebooktothewo__neventhoughwhileIspokeIfeltchokedbythebitternessofmydisappointment.ImLieutenantJohnBlanchardandyoumustbeMissMaynell.Iamsogladyoucouldmeetme;__yItakeyoutodinner--------------------------------------------------------------------------------我挺胸站立,敬了个礼,并举起手中的书好让那位女士看不过在我开口说话的时候,失望的痛苦几乎使我哽咽“我是约翰·布兰查德中尉,想必您就是梅奈尔小姐很高兴您来见我可否请您赏光吃饭?”15Thewo__nsfa__broadenedintoa__ile.Idontknowwhatthisisaboutsonsheansweredbuttheyoungladyinthegreensuitwhojustwentbyshebeggedmetowearthisroseonmycoat.AndshesaidifyouweretoaskmeouttodinnerIshouldgoand____youthatsheiswaitingforyouinthebigrestaurantacrossthestreet.Shesaiditwassomekindoftest!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------妇女的脸上绽开了笑容“我不知道是怎么回事,孩子,”她回答说,“可是刚才走过去的那位穿绿色套装的姑娘,她央求我把这支玫瑰插在衣服上她还说,要是你请我吃饭的话,我就告诉你,她就在街对面那个大饭店里等你她说这是一种考验!”16ItsnotdifficulttounderstandandadmireMissMaynellswisdom.Thetruenatureofaheartisseeninitsresponsetotheunattractive.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------梅奈尔小姐的智慧不难理解,也令人称奇心灵的本质是从其对不美的事物的态度中反映出来的17TellmewhomyouloveHoussayewroteandIwill____youwhoyouare.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------“告诉我你所爱者是谁,”何赛写道,“我就知道你是什么样的人”COPYRIGHT2006SHANGHAIFOREIGNLANGUAGEEDUCATIONPRESSFoodwarmthsleepTheirthoughts__ybemuchdeeperthanthat.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------温饱,睡眠?它们的思维可能要比这深刻得多--------------------------------------------------------------------------------WhatAni__lsReallyThinkEugeneLinden1OvertheyearsIhavewrittenextensivelyaboutani__l-in____igen__experimentsandthecontroversythatsurroundsthem.Doani__lsreallyhavethoughtswhatwecallconsciousnessWonderingwhethertheremightbebetterwaystoexploreani__lin____igen__thanexperimentsdesignedtoteachhu__nsignsIrealizedwhatnowseemsobvious:ifani__lscanthinktheywillprobablydotheirbestthinkingwhenitservestheirownpurposesnotwhenscientistsaskthemto.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------动物到底想些什么尤金·林登多年来,我写了大量关于动物智能实验、以及围绕这些实验所产生的争议的文章动物真的有思想,即我们所说的意识吗?在考虑是否会有比设计教动物人类手势语的实验更好的方式探索动物智能时,我悟出了现在看来是显而易见的一点如果动物能思维,它们会在能为自己所用的时候,而不是在科学家让它们思维的时候作出最佳思维2AndsoIstartedtalkingtovetsani__lresearcherszookeepers.Mostdonotstudyani__lin____igen__buttheyencounteritandthelackofiteveryday.Thestoriesthey____usrevealwhatImconvin__disanewwindowonani__lin____igen__:thekindofmentalfeatsani__lsperformwhendealingwithcaptivityandthedominantspeciesontheplanet-hu__ns.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------于是我开始与兽医、动物研究人员以及动物园饲养员交谈他们大都不研究动物智能,但他们每天都碰到或碰不到动物智能他们讲述的故事开启了我相信是研究动物智能的一扇新的窗口即动物在对付樊笼生活和地球上的主宰物种——人类——时所表现的高超的思维技能LetsMakeaDeal3ConsiderthetimeCharleneJendryaconservationistattheColumbusZoolearnedthatafe__legorillanamedColowashandlingasuspiciousobject.Arrivingonthes__neJendryofferedColosomepeanutsonlytobemetwithablankstare.RealizingtheywerenegotiatingJendryraisedthestakesandofferedapie__ofpineapple.Atthispointwhile__intainingeyecontactColoopenedherhandandrevealedakeychain.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------让我们做笔交易请考虑这一情况哥伦布动物园的一位动物保护主义者查伦·延德里觉察到一头叫做科洛的雌性大猩猩在玩弄一件可疑的物品延德里走过去,给了科洛一些花生,却被翻了个白眼意识到这是在讨价还价,延德里加大了筹码,又给了一片菠萝这时候,科洛一边望着延德里,一边摊开手,露出了一根钥匙链4RelieveditwasnotanythingdangerousorvaluableJendrygaveColothepineapple.CarefulbargainerthatshewasColothenbrokethekeychainandgaveJendryalinkperhapsfiguringWhygiveherthewholethingifIcangetabitofpineappleforeachpie__--------------------------------------------------------------------------------见不是危险或珍贵物品,延德里松了一口气,把菠萝给了考勒科洛真是个精明的还价者,它把钥匙链拉断,给了延德里一段,或许在算计着,要是每一小段都能换片菠萝,__嘛要全都给她?5Ifanani__lcanshowskillintradingonethingforanotherwhynotinhandlingmoneyOneorangutannamedChantekdidjustthatinasign-languagestudyundertakenbyanthropologistLynMilesattheUniversityofTennessee.ChantekfiguredoutthatifhedidtaskslikecleaninghisroomhedearncoinstospendontreatsandridesinMilesscar.Buttheorangutansunderstandingofmoneyseemedtoextendfarbeyond______dealings.MilesfirstusedplasticchipsascoinsbutChantekdecidedhecouldexpandthemoneysupplybybreakingchipsintwo.WhenMilesswitchedtometalchipsChantekfoundpie__softinfoilandtriedto__kecopies.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------如果动物能在以物换物中显示技能,又何尝不会在使用钱币中再露一手?在田纳西大学人类学家琳·迈尔斯进行的一项手势语研究中,有头名叫夏特克的猩猩就这么做了夏特克悟出,如果它干些诸如清理__的事,他就能挣些硬币,好用来买好吃的,还可以坐迈尔斯的车外出兜风但这头猩猩对钱币的理解似乎远远超出了简单的交易迈尔斯一开始用塑料片充当硬币,而夏特克竟认定,它可以把塑料片拗成两片,以此扩大钱币供应量而当迈尔斯改用金属片时,夏特克找到了一些锡箔,试图__6MilesalsotriedtoteachChantekmorevirtuoushabitssuchassavingandsharing.IndeedwhenIcaughtupwiththeorangutanatZooAtlantawherehenowlivesIsawanexampleofsharingthatanyonemightenvy.WhenMilesgaveChanteksomegrapesandaskedhimtosharethemChantekpromptlyateallthefruit.ThenasifhedjustrememberedhedbeenaskedtosharehehandedMilesthestem.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------迈尔斯还试图教会夏特克一些好习惯,诸如节俭和与人__当我在它目前居住的亚特兰大动物园见到这头猩猩时,我果然见到它与人__的一例,足以令任何人羡慕迈尔斯给了夏特克一些葡萄,要求它与人__,它很快吃完了所有的葡萄随后,它似乎是想起了迈尔斯要它与人__,便把梗儿递给了迈尔斯TaleofaWhale7Whywouldanani__lwanttocooperatewithahu__nBehavioristswouldsaythatani__lscooperatewhentheylearnitisintheirinteresttodoso.ThisistruebutIdontthinkitgoesfarenough.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------鲸鱼的故事动物___会愿意与人合作?行为主义者会说,动物认识到合作于己有利时就会这么做这没有错,但我觉得这一解释尚不充分8GailLauleaconsultantonani__lbehaviorspeaksofOrkyakillerwhalesheknew.Ofalltheani__lsIveworkedwithhewasthemostin____igentshesays.Hewouldassessasituationandthendosomethingbasedonthejudgmentshe__de.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------动物行为顾问盖尔·劳尔说起过她了解的一头虎鲸奥基“在我照管过的动物当中,它是最聪明的,”她说,“它会审时度势,再根据自己的判断采取行动”9Likethetimehehelpedsaveafamilymember.WhenOrkys__teCorkygavebirththebabydidnotthriveatfirstandkeeperstookthelittlewhaleoutofthetankbystretcherforemergencycare.Thingsbegantogowrongwhentheyreturnedthebabywhaletothetank.Astheworkershaltedthestretcherafewmetersabovethewaterthebabysuddenlybeganthrowingupthroughitsmouth.Thekeepersfeareditwouldchokebuttheycouldnotreachthebabytohelpit.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------比如有次它救了一个家族成员奥基的配偶科基生幼鲸时,那条幼鲸一开始情况不妙,饲养员把幼鲸用担架抬出水糟,实施紧急护理他们把幼鲸送回水槽时,出了事情当工人把担架停在高出水面几英尺处的时候,幼鲸开始呕吐饲养员担心它会窒息,但他们无法接近幼鲸提供帮助10ApparentlysizinguptheproblemOrkyswamunderthestretcherandallowedoneofthementostandonhisheadsomethinghedneverbeentrainedtodo.ThenusinghistailtokeepsteadyOrkyletthekeeperreachupandreleasethe420-poundbabysothatitcouldslideintothewaterwithinreachofhelp.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------奥基显然看出了问题,它游到担架下,让其中一人站在它头上这种事从来没有训练它做过然后,奥基用尾部保持平衡,让饲养员接近,并松开了那条420磅重的幼鲸,以便让它滑入水中,获得帮助Pri__teShellGame11Sometimeseviden__ofin____igen__canbeseeninattemptstode__ive.ZookeeperHelenShew__nofSeattlesWoodlandParkZoorecallsthatonedayshedroppedanorangethroughafeedingholeforMelatianorangutan.InsteadofmovingawaytogetitMelatilookedShew__nintheeyeandheldoutherhand.Thinkingtheorangemusthaverolledoffsomewhereinac__ssibleShew__ngaveheranotherone.ButwhenMelatimovedoffShew__nnoti__dtheoriginalorangewashiddeninherotherhand.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------灵长目动物的骗术有时动物的智能可以从其欺骗的企图中得以证明西雅图伍德兰公园动物园饲养员海伦·休曼回忆道,一天她从喂食窗口给猩猩梅拉蒂扔了个桔子梅拉蒂没有__身体去接,而是眼睛直视休曼,伸出手来休曼以为桔子准是滚到一边拿不到了,就又给了它一个可当梅拉蒂走开时,休曼却注意到原来那只桔子就藏在它另一只手里12Towanthecolonysdominant__lewatchedthiswholetrickandthenextdayhetoolookedShew__nintheeyeandpretendedthathehadnotyetre__ivedanorange.AreyousureyoudonthaveoneShew__nasked.Hecontinuedtoholdhergazesteadilyandheldouthishand.Givinginshegavehimanotheronethensawthathehadbeenhidinghisorangeunderneathhisfoot.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------猩猩园的头领托温目睹了这个把戏第二天,这头雄猩猩也是眼睛盯着休曼,装作没有接到桔子“你肯定没拿到吗?”休曼问道它仍直视着她,同时把手伸了出来她让步了,又给了它一个,随后却看见它把桔子藏在脚下13Whatisin____igen__anywayIflifeisaboutsurvivalofaspecies-andin____igen__ismeanttoservethatsurvival-thenwecantcomparewithpea-brainedseaturtleswhichwereherelongbeforeusandsurvivedthedisasterthatwipedoutthedinosaurs.Stillitiscomfortingtorealizethatotherspeciesbesidesourowncanstandbackandassesstheworldaroundthemeveniftheirhorizonsaremorelimitedthanours.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------智能究竟是什么?如果生命就是讲物种的生存——而智能是为了生存——那么我们根本无法与大脑只有豌豆大小的海龟相提并论,海龟早在人类出现很久之前便已存在,并经历了使恐龙灭绝的重大灾难而生存下来尽管如此,想到除了我们人类,尚有其它物种,即便它们的视野比我们还狭小,却也能退后一步,清醒地审视周围的世界,不由人深感宽慰COPYRIGHT2006SHANGHAIFOREIGNLANGUAGEEDUCATIONPRESSAtfirstitseemedasifitmightjustbeanoldboxorragsaheadofthetrain.Butthentheyrealizedjustwhatitwas.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------初看上去像是一个旧盒子或破衣裳可紧接着他们就明白过来到底是什么了--------------------------------------------------------------------------------KidsontheTrack!JackMurphy1MondayMay119__wasapleasantmorninginRamseyN.J.KatePritchardbentoverhercartrunkandstruggledwiththebagsofgro__riesshedjustbroughthome.Sheheardthedistantcryofalocomotivehorn.ThetrainsofConrailpassedlessthan300feetfromthePritchardshouse.Nofen__separatedtheirbackyardfromthetrack-onlyathickrowoftrees.Buthersons3-year-oldToddand18-month-oldScottwerenearbyplayingonthedriveway.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------“铁轨上有孩子!”杰克·墨菲19__年5月1日,星期一,新泽西州的拉姆齐上午天气宜人凯特·普里查德俯身站在车尾行李箱前,费力地收拾着刚买回家的一袋袋食品杂货她听到远处火车的鸣笛声联合铁路公司的火车经过的地方离普里查德家不到三百英尺,可在后院与铁轨之间没有栅栏,只有一排长得密密的树木然而,她的两个__,三岁半的托德和十八个月的斯科特,就在近旁私家车道上玩耍2StayrightthereKatesaidwhileMommyputsthegro__riesaway.Thenwellgoinsideandhavelunchokay--------------------------------------------------------------------------------“就呆在这儿,”凯特说,“妈妈去把食品放好,然后我们进屋吃午饭,好吗?”3Okay!saidToddgivingathumbs-upgesturehedseenhisfather__ke.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------“好!”托德一面说,一面竖起大拇指,做着他以前看他父亲做的这个手势4kay!echoedScotttryingtocopyhisolderbrother.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------“好!”斯科特随声应和,试着模仿他哥哥的样子5Theywatchedtheirmotherenterthehousewithseveralbags.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------他们望着母亲提着几个袋袋走进屋子6Kateshuttherefrigeratorandhurriedoutside.Good.Theboyswereplayingrightwhereshedleftthem.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------凯特关好冰箱门匆匆走出屋来还好两个孩子正在原地玩耍7AssheliftedmorebagsfromthetrunkKateheardatrainra__past-apassengerexpressshejudgedfromitsspeed.Shecarriedmorebagsintothehouse.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------当她从车后行李箱里又提出几个袋袋时,凯特听见有一列火车疾驶而过——是特快客车,她根据车速判断她又将几个袋袋拿进屋去8Thesoundsofthetrainapparentlydrewtheboysattentiontothetrack.After__kingtheirwaythroughthetreestheyclimbedtothetopofthesteeproadbedkneltdownalongtherailroadandbegantoplay.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------火车的声音显然把两个孩子的注意吸引到铁轨上两人穿过那排树木,爬上笔陡的路基,跪在地上玩了起来9Afewthousandfeetwestafreighttrainrolledslowlytowardthechildren.OverheadlightssignaledtoengineerRichCampanathatthepassengertrainaheadwasoutofthewayandtheycouldresumetheirnor__lspeedof40milesperhour.Theengineeradjustedtheac__leratorthenturnedtoconductorAnthonyFalzoa__nmediuminheightandstronglybuiltwhohadworkedforConrailforalmosthalfofhis35years.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------往西几千英尺处,一辆货车缓缓地朝两个孩子驶来头顶上的灯向司机里奇·坎普纳发出__,指示前面那辆客车已经开走,他们可以每小时40英里的正常速度继续运行司机调整了加速器,转身面对列车员安东尼·法尔佐安东尼中等身材,长得结结实实,现年35岁,已经为联合铁路公司干了差不多
十六、七年10SowhatdyoudoovertheweekendAnthony--------------------------------------------------------------------------------“你周末都干点啥,安东尼?”11Ohnotmuch.Mostlymessingaround-alittleTVthenbed.Whatelse--------------------------------------------------------------------------------“唉,不干什么大多是瞎混——看点儿电视,然后睡觉还能干什么?”12Campana__iled.HeyyoudbettercooldownAnthony-youregettingtobeareal_____ani__l!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------坎普纳笑了“嘿,你最好悠着点,安东尼——你都快成派对狂了”13Thetwomenlaughed.Theywerestilllaughingasthetrainbegangatheringspeedmovingat21milesperhour.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------两人哈哈大笑就在他们大笑的时候,正以21英里的时速运行的机车开始加速14RichandAnthonyspottedsomethingaheadatthesameinstant.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------里奇和安东尼在同一瞬间发现火车前方有什么东西15Whatsthatupthereaskedtheengineer.Anthonydidntanswer.Staringintentlyhewastryingtoidentifythecuriousshapeonthetrackahead.AboxOldrags--------------------------------------------------------------------------------“那前面是什么?”司机问道安东尼没回答他目不转睛盯着前方看,试图辨识前方铁轨上那怪形怪状的东西是盒子?还是旧衣裳?16Suddenlybothmenrealizedwhatitwas.Richthrewontheemergencybrakeandpulledontheair-hornhandlewithallhisstrength.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------猛然间,两个人都明白过来那是什么东西里奇用尽全力猛地紧急刹车,并拉响了汽笛17ThehornsblastandAnthonyswordsexplodedatthesametime:KidsontheTrack!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------汽笛嘶鸣,与此同时安东尼大声嚷道“铁轨上有孩子!”18Anthonysprangthroughthecabdoorontoanarrowrunningboardsixfeetabovethewheelsandra__dtothefrontoftheswayingtrain.Climbingquicklydownasteelladderhepausedatthebottomtwofeetabovetheroadbedflashingby.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------安东尼冲出驾驶室,跳到车轮上方六英尺处一条狭窄人行踏板上,接着跑到摇摆的火车头前他疾速攀下铁梯,停在梯子最后一级上,离他脚下飞速掠过的铁路路基有两英尺19Nowhecouldclearlyseethetwolittlechildren.Theyweresittingalongsidetherail.AnthonywavedwildlyandshoutedGetaway!Getaway!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------现在,他可以清楚地看到两个孩子,他们正坐在铁轨旁边安东尼拼命挥手示意,并大声喊叫“走开!走开!”20Hementallycalculatedthetrainsde__lerationrateandgroaned.Wellneverstopintime.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------他心里计算着火车的减速速度,痛苦地哼了一声我们绝对不可能及时停车的21AbsorbedinplayToddandScottdidnothearthetrain.FinallyasthesoundbecamethunderousScottlookedupandfroze.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------托德和斯科特正玩得起劲,没听到火车的声音最后,当火车轰隆隆驶近时,斯科特抬头一看,惊呆了22ThoughthetrainwasslowingAnthonyknewitwasstillgoingfasterthanhecouldrun.Sohefor__dhimselftowaituntilhewouldbecloseenoughtoleapoffandgrabtheboys.Withperhapstenfeetleftbetweenthemandthesharp-edgedsnowplowbladeatthefrontofthetrainAnthonysprangforwardfromtheladder.Landingontheloosefist-sizestonesalongsidethetrackhehadtostruggletokeephisbalan__.Intwogiantstepshealmostreachedthechildren.Theystaredupathiminwide-eyedshock.Anthonythrowinghisbodyintospa__flewtowardthem.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------尽管火车在减速,安东尼知道车速仍比他奔跑的速度快所以,他强迫自己等待,等到离孩子足够近的时候,他再一跃而下一把将他们抓住在孩子与火车头前的犁雪机锋利的雪铲只有约十英尺的时候,安东尼从梯子上纵身向前一跃他落在铁轨旁拳头大小的散石上,使尽力气才保持住平衡他跨出两大步,几乎就要够着两个孩子了两个孩子吓坏了,目瞪口呆地望着他安东尼纵身跃起,朝他们扑去23TheunendingblastofthetrainhornstruckKatePritchardlikeahammerblow.Theboys!shecriedandra__doutthedoor.Theyweregone!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------火车汽笛不停地嘶鸣,凯特·普里查德听着就像是被铁锤猛击了一下“孩子!”她一声惊叫,冲出屋门两个孩子不见了!24Thetrackshethought.Imustgettothetrack!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------铁道,她心想我得去铁道那儿!25AshisbodycrasheddownwardAnthonycoveredToddwhilereachingoutwithonearmtograbScottandpullhimclearofthetrack.Butthetrainhadcaughtuptothem.Anthonysawtheblacksteeledgeofthesnowplowbladehittheyoungchildunderthechindrivinghisheadbackandscrapingoverhisfa__.Instantlybloodflashedacrosstheboysforehead.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------安东尼身子砸下地时,他一边护着托德,一边伸出一只手臂去抓斯科特,好把他拉离铁轨但火车压了过来安东尼只见雪铲的黑色钢刃击中幼孩的下巴,将他的头往后一推,铲子从他脸上括过顿时,鲜血从孩子额头溅出26PartofthetrainthenpunchedintothebackofAnthonysworkjackettearingthenylonfabric.StillAnthony__nagedtopullScottcompletelyunderhim.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------车身猛撞安东尼工作服的后背,把尼龙布都撕破了但安东尼还是把斯科特完全拉到了自己身下27HesdeadAnthonythought.Hefeltsickwithhorror.Buryinghisfa__inthestoneshepusheddownwardonthetwoboyswithallhisstrengthasthetrainpassedinchesabovethem.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------他死了,安东尼心想他毛骨悚然,一阵恶心他的脸紧贴在石子上,使尽力气将两个孩子往下压,火车就从他们上面驶过,离他们只有几英寸28ThefirstpersonKatesawwhenshereachedthehaltedtrainwasTodd.Herolderboywasjumpingupanddownandcryinguncontrollably.ButKatecouldseehewasntinjured.Shegrabbedandhuggedhim.Thenshesawthestillfigureofa__nlyingunderthethirdcar.Scottsheada__skofdarkeningbloodwasvisibleunderhim.Katerantothem.Scott!shescreamed.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------凯特奔到停下的火车前,首先看到的便是托德她的大__失去控制,在那儿乱蹦乱跳,大声哭喊但凯特看出他没受伤她抓过他紧紧抱住随后她看见第三节车厢下一动不动躺着一个人只见这人身子下面斯科特的脑袋上黑糊糊一片血污凯特冲过去“斯科特!”她尖声叫道29Anthonytwistedtofa__her.Ladyhesaidhisvoi__calmgotoyourhouse.Callthepoli__andambulan__.Kateonlyhalfhearinghimextendedherarmstotakeherbaby.AnthonyspokeagainmoresharplyMaamlisten!Gotoyourhouseandcallthepoli__-callanambulan__.Go!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------安东尼扭转身子面对着她“女士,”他对她说,声音很镇静,“回家去叫__和救护车来”凯特没听进他的话,伸着手要抱孩子安东尼又开口了,口气严厉了许多,“__,听着!回家打__叫__——叫救护车,快!”30Katetorebacktothehouse__dethecallsthenreachedherhu__andGaryviahisbeeper.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------凯特飞奔回家,打了__,又通过寻呼机找到她丈夫加里31Whenthefirstpoli__cararrivedAnthonywasstillholdinglittleScott.TheconductorknewfromthechildscriesthathewasalivebutScottmighthaveinternalinjuriesthatanymovementcouldworsen.SoAnthonyinsistedtheemergencypersonnelchecktheboybeforehewouldreleasehisgrip.MiraculouslyScottsinjurieswerenotseriousrequiringjust13stitches.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------第一辆警车到达时,安东尼仍然紧抱着年幼的斯科特列车员从孩子的哭声知道他还活着,但斯科特可能有内伤,稍一动弹就有可能加重伤势因此安东尼坚持让急救人员先对孩子进行检查,然后才放手真是奇迹,斯科特伤势不重,只需缝十三针32Therehadbeenonly14inchesbetweentheplowbladeandtheground.ReporterslateraskedAnthonyifhehadhesitatedbeforeriskinghislife.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------雪铲与地面之间只有十四英寸记者后来问安东尼他在冒生命危险救孩子之前有否犹豫33Nohereplied.AllIcouldthinkwasthatthosetwolittlekidshavetheirwholelivesstillaheadofthemandifIdonothingtheyredead.TherewasnowayIcouldletthathappen.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------“没有,”他回答道,“我当时所想到的就是那两个孩子前头还有整个人生,如果我不采取行动,他们必死无疑我决不能让这样的悲剧发生”34SoonaftertheincidentAnthonyvisitedthePritchardshome.HerecallsputtinghisarmsaroundToddandScottandliftingthem.It__demerememberthemomentwhenIfirstshelteredthemunderthetrain.Itwasastrangefeelingholdingthemagain-andwonderfultoo.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------事故发生后不久,安东尼去普里查德家探望他还记得他用双臂抱住托德和斯科特并将两人举起的情景“这让我想起当时在火车底下我护着他们的情景再一次抱住他们的感觉是奇特的——也是美妙的”35Sin__thatfirstvisitthePritchardssaythatAnthonyhasalmostbecomeamemberofthefamily.Theyalsoreportthatafen__nowseparatestheirneighborhoodfromtherailroadtrack.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------普里查德夫妇说,自从第一次来探望之后,安东尼几乎成了他们家庭的一员他们还说,现在有道栅栏把他们的街坊与铁轨隔开了BenjaminSteinweavesataletobringhometoyoungAmericanstheneedtochangethewaytheythinkabouteducation.Readitandseewhetheryouthinkitholdsanylessonsforusaswell.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------本杰明·斯坦编了一个故事,以使美国青年彻底认识他们必须改变对教育的态度读一读这个故事,看看你是否认为它对我们大家同样也有教育意义--------------------------------------------------------------------------------FableoftheLazyTeenagerBenjaminStein1OnedaylastfallIranoutoffilefoldersandwenttothedrugstoretobuymore.Iputahandfuloffoldersonthecounterandaskedateenagesalesgirlhowmuchtheycost.Idontknowsheanswered.Butits12__ntseach.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------关于懒散少年的寓言故事本杰明·斯坦去年一个秋日,我文件夹用完了,便去杂货店买我拿了一大把文件夹搁在柜台上,问一个十几岁的售货员多少钱“不知道,”她回答说,“反正单价12美分”2Icountedthefolders.Twenty-threeat12__ntseachthat__kes$
2.76beforetaxIsaid.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------我数了数文件夹“__三个,单价12美分,总共
2.76美金,不含税,”我说3Youdidthatinyourheadsheaskedina__zement.Howcanyoudothat--------------------------------------------------------------------------------“你心算的?”她惊奇地问道,“你怎么会算出来的?”4Its__gicIsaid.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------“靠魔力,”我说5Reallysheasked.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------“真的?”她问6Nomodestlyeducated_____canfailtobeupsetbysuchanexperien__.Whileourchildrenseembetter-naturedthanevertheyaresoignorant--andsoignorantoftheirignoran__--thattheyfrightenme.Inaclassof60seniorsataprivatecollegewhereIre__ntlytaughtnotonestudentcouldwriteashortpaperwithoutmisspellings.Notone.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------略受教育的成年人没有谁不会为这样的经历难过虽然我们的孩子似乎比以往任何时候都要温厚和气,他们却如此无知——对自己的无知状况也如此无知——以至使我感到可怕在我最近任教的一所私立大学,一个六十人的四年级班上,没有一个学生写短文时不犯拼写错误没有一个学生例外7Butthisisjustatinysli__oftheproblem.Theabilitytoperformeventhe______stcalculationsisonlyamemoryamong__nystudentsIseeandtheirknowledgeofworldhistoryorgeographyisnonexistent.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------但这只是问题的一小部分在我所见过的许多学生中,再也没有过去学生都有的哪怕是进行最简单的计算的能力,他们对世界历史和地理都一无所知--------------------------------------------------------------------------------更有甚者,他们对这种种的无知却毫不在乎,实在令人不寒而栗一位朋友的聪明但却很懒散的十六岁__在解释他___不想上加州洛杉矶分校时说的话是对这种态度的高度概括“我不想去那儿跟亚洲人竞争,”他说,“他们用功,什么都知道”9Infactthisyoung__nwillhavetocompetewithAsianswhetherhewantstoornot.Hecannotliveforeveronthefinancial__terialandhu__ncapitalaccumulatedbyhisan__stors.Atsomepointsoonhisin____ectuallazinesswillseriouslyaffecthiswayoflife.Itwillalsoaffecttherestofus.Amodernindustrialstatecannotfunctionwithanidleignorantlaborfor__.Planeswillcrash.Computerswilljam.Carswillbreakdown.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------其实,无论他是否愿意,这位年轻人都将不得不去跟亚洲人竞争他不能永远躺在先辈积累的经济、物质与人力资本上用不了多久,他懒于用脑的结果将严重影响他的生活方式,也将影响我们其他所有的人一个现代工业化国家无法靠一支懒散、无知的劳动大军运行飞机会坠落计算机会出故障汽车会抛锚10TodrivethismessagehometosuchyoungAmericansIhaveahumblesuggestion:amovieorTVseriesdra__tizingjusthowdifficultitwasforthecountrytogetwhereitis--andhoweasilyitcouldallbelost.Iofferthefollowingfable.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------为使这样的美国青年彻底认识到这一点,我的愚见是拍一部电影,或电视连续剧,生动地描述我们国家的今天如何来之不易——而要丧失这一切又何其容易下面我奉献一篇寓言故事11AsthestoryopensourheroKevinHanley1990a17-year-oldhighschoolseniorissittinginhisroomfeelingbitter.HisparentsinsisthestudyforhisEuropeanhistorytest.HewantstogoshoppingforheadphonesforhisportableCDplayer.Thebookheisfor__dtoread--TheWealthofNations--putshimtosleep.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------故事开始时,我们的主人公凯文·汉利1990,一名十七岁的高三学生,正坐在自己__里,心情痛苦他父母一定要他准备欧洲史考试而他则想去买一副激光唱片随身听的耳机他被迫要读的书——《各国的财富》——让他打瞌睡12Kevindreamsitis1835andheishisowngreat-great-great-grandfatherat17apeasantinCountyKerryIreland.Helivesinas__llhutandsleepsnexttoapig.Heisalwayshungryandmustsearchforfood.Hisgreatestwishistolearntoreadandwritesohemightgetajobasaclerk.Withsteadywageshewouldbeabletofeedhimselfandhelphisfamily.ButHanleyspovertyallowsnoleisureforsuchluxuriesasgoingtoschool.Withouteducationandmoneyheispowerless.Hisonlyhopeliesinhischildren.Iftheyareeducatedtheywillhaveabetterlife.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------凯文进入梦乡,时值1835年,他是他本人的曾太祖父,十七岁,是爱尔兰克雷郡的一个农民他住在小小的陋室里,睡在一头猪旁他老是挨饿,总是要找吃的他最大的心愿是学会读书写字,以便找一个职员的工作有了固定的工资,他就能养活自己,贴补家用但汉利的贫穷使他无从享受上学这样的奢侈没有教育,没有钱,他__为力他惟一的希望寄托在孩子身上如果他们能接受教育,他们就会生活得好一些13Ourfablefast-forwardsandKevinHanley1990isnowhisowngreat-grandfatherKevinHanley
1928.Hetoois17yearsoldandheworksinasteelmillinPitt__urgh.HisfathercametoAmericafromIrelandandhelpedbuildtheNewYorkCitysubway.KevinHanley1928isfarbetteroffthaneitherhisfatherorhisgrandfather.Hecanreadandwrite.Hiswagesarefarbetterthananythinghisan__storshadinIreland.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------我们的寓言故事快速展开现在凯文·汉利1990成了他自己的曾祖父,凯文·汉利1928他也是十七岁,在匹兹堡一家钢铁厂工作他的父亲从爱尔兰来到美国,参加过纽约地铁的修建凯文·汉利1928比自己的父亲和祖父境遇好多了他能读书写字他的工资比先辈在爱尔兰时的收入高多了14NextKevinHanley1990dreamsthatheisKevinHanley1945hisowngrandfatherfightingonIwoJi__againstamostdeterminedfoetheJapanesearmy.Heisalwayshotalwayshungryalwaysscared.Onenightinafoxholehe____safriendwhyheisthere:Somysonandhissoncanliveinpea__andsecurity.WhenIgetbackIllworkhardandsendmyboytocollegesohecanlivebyhisbrainsinsteadofhisback.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------接下来凯文·汉利1990梦见自己成了他自己的祖父凯文·汉利1945他正在硫黄岛与死敌__军队作战他总是又热又饿又害怕一天晚上他在散兵坑里与一个朋友讲自己___在那儿作战“这样我的__、__就能生活在和平安全的环境里等我回国了,我要勤奋工作,让__上大学,这样他就可以干脑力活儿,而不是靠卖苦力生活”15ThenKevinHanley1990ishisownfatherKevinHanley1966whostu___sallthetimesohecangetintocollegeandlawschool.Helivesinafinehouse.Hehasneverseenanythingbutpea__andplenty.He____shisgirlfriendthatwhenhehasasonhewont__kehimstudyallthetimeashisfather__keshim.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------接着凯文·汉利1990成了他自己的父亲凯文·汉利1966他终日用功,这样就可以上大学,进法学院他住在漂亮的房子里他一生在和平环境中过着富裕的生活他对女朋友说,等他有了__,他不会像他父亲逼他那样逼自己的__整天读书16AtthatpointKevinHanley1990wakesupshakenbyhisdream.HeisrelievedtobeawayfromIrelandandthesteelmillandIwoJi__.Hegoesbacktosleep.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------就在这时,凯文·汉利1990被自己的梦惊醒了他离开了爱尔兰,离开了那家钢铁厂,离开了硫黄岛,不由松了口气他又睡着了17WhenhedreamsagainheishisownsonKevinHanley
2020.Thereisgunfirealldayandallnight.Hiswholegenerationforgotwhythereevenwaslawsothereisnone.Peoplepaynoattentiontopoliticsandgover__entoffersnoservi__stotheworkingclass.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------他接着做梦,这次成了他自己的__凯文·汉利2020枪声日夜不停他那整个一代人忘却了过去___要有法律,因此现在没有法律了人们丝毫不关心__,__不为____提供服务18Kevin2020sfatherwhoisofcourseKevin1990himselfworksasacleanerinafactoryownedbytheJapanese.Kevin2020isaporterinahotelforwealthyEuropeansandAsians.Publiceducationstopsatthesixthgrade.Americanshavelongsin__stoppedde__ndinggoodeducationfortheirchildren.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------凯文2020的父亲,自然就是凯文1990本人,在__人开的一家工厂当清洁工凯文2020在一家专为有钱的欧洲人和亚洲人开的酒店里当行李工公共教育到六年级为止美国人早就不再要求自己的孩子接受良好的教育19ThelastpersonKevin1990seesinhisdreamishisowngrandson.Kevin2050hasnousefulskills.MachinesbuiltinJapandoallthecomplexworkandthereislittle__nualworktobedone.Withouteducationwithoutdisciplinehecannotearnanadequatelivingwage.Helivesinaslumwherethereisnoheatnoplumbingnoprivacyandsurvivesbysearchingthroughtrashpiles.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------凯文1990最后梦见的是他自己的__凯文2050没有有用的技能__制造的机器包揽了所有复杂的工作,没有什么体力活可做没有受过教育,没有受过训练,他挣不到足够的钱养活自己他住在贫民窟,没有暖气,没有卫生设备,无法不受四邻干扰,靠搜捡破烂度日20InawordhelivesmuchasKevinHanley1835didinIreland.ButonedayKevinHanley2050isbefriendedbyavisitingJapaneseanthropologiststudyingthedeclineofAmerica.The__nexplainstoKevinthatwhena__nhasnomoneyeducationcansupplythehu__ncapitalne__ssarytostarttoacquirefinancialcapital.Hardworkeducationsavinganddisciplinecandoanything.Thisishowwerosefromtheashesafteryoudefeatedusinawaraboutahundredyearsago.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------总之,他的生活就像凯文·汉利1835在爱尔兰时一模一样可是有一天,凯文·汉利2050与一位研究美国衰亡史的来访__人类学家交上了朋友那人跟凯文解释说,如果一个人没有钱,教育能提供积累金__本所必需的人力资本勤奋、教育、节俭、纪律能成就一切“我们____从一百多年前你们打败我们的战争废墟中站起来的”21AmericabeatJapaninwarasksKevin
2050.Heisastonished.ItseemsasimpossibleasBrazildefeatingtheUnitedStateswouldsoundin
1990.Kevin2050swearsthatifheeverhaschildrenhewill__kesuretheyworkandstudyandlearnanddisciplinethemselves.Tobeableto__kealivingbyonesmindinsteadofbystealinghesays.Thatwouldbeamiracle.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------“美国在战争中打败__?”凯文2050问道他惊讶之极这听起来就像说巴西在1990年打败美国一样____凯文2050发誓,如果他有孩子的话,他一定要让他们工作、上学、学习并约束自己“能凭自己的脑力,而不是靠偷窃为生,”他说,“那将会是个奇迹”22WhenKevin1990wakesupnexttohimishiscopyofTheWealthofNations.Heopensitandthefirstsenten__tocatchhiseyeisthis:A__nwithouttheproperuseofthein____ectualfacultiesofa__nisifpossiblemorecontemptiblethanevenacoward.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------凯文1990醒了过来,身旁放着他的那本《各国的财富》他打开书,跳入眼帘的第一句话就是“一个不能恰当运用人类智力的人极可能比懦夫更可鄙”23Kevinsfatherwalksin.Allrightsonhesays.Letsgolookatthoseheadphones.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------凯文的父亲走了进来“好了,__,”他说,“咱们去看耳机吧”24SorryPopKevin1990says.Ihavetostudy.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------“抱歉了,爸爸,”凯文1990说,“我得看书学习了”。