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新概念英语二的短语动词某些动词的后面加上介词或副词以后就会改变词义这种新的组合称作短语动词
1、putv.放
(1)puton穿上,戴上例Iputonmyhatandleftthehouse.I’mputtingonmycoat.
(2)putout熄灭,伸出、扑灭例Heputoutthefire.Itsdangeroustoputoutyourhandnow.现在你把手伸出去是危险的
(3)putupwith容忍,忍受例Ican’tbelievethathecanputupwiththis.
(4)putup
①搭建,搭建;例Theyputuptheirtentinthemiddleofafield.
②安排住宿,为⋯⋯提供膳宿,夜宿例It’sraininghe__ily.Wemustputthemuptonight.雨下得很大,我们今晚必须为他们安排住宿
(5)putaway把⋯⋯收好,放好例Yourroomisuntidyputyourthingsaway.Ih__eputawayallmyclothes.
(6)putoff推迟,拖延例Don’tputyourexercisesoffuntiltomorrow.Themeetinghasbeenputoff.
(7)putdown=writedown记下,写下,记录下例H__eyouputdowntheboss’swords
2、takev.拿走
(1)takeoff脱掉,摘掉例ItwasveryhotsoItookoffmyhat.
3、lookv.看
(1)lookfor寻找例Iamlookingformypen.
(2)lookafter照顾例Willyoulookafterthechildrenformeplease
(3)look back(与on to连用)回想,记起;停滞不前例From this time on he never looked back. 从此以后他便不断进步了After he won the first game he never looked back.他胜了第一局后就节节胜利
(4)lookat看例Comeandlookatmyphotographalbum.过来,看看我的相册
(5)lookoutof向外看例Ilookedoutofthewindow.Itwasdarkoutside.
(6)look out当心、注意;找出;挑选出例Look out theres a car coming. 留神,汽车过来了Look out! There is danger ahead.当心!前面危险Youmust look out a _____ dress 挑出一件赴宴会的衣服.
(7)look in顺便看望;短暂访问例Can you come on Wednesday Ill just look in my diary to see if Im free.你星期三能来吗我要先看一下记事薄才能知道是否有空
(8)look up
①在书中查到、查阅从参考书中获取资料例When you do not understand a word you can look it up in this dictionary. 当你不懂一个单词时,可以查这本词典
②visit拜访,看望Dontforgettolookmeupwhenyoureturn.回来时别忘了来看我.I’mgoingtolookup__rythisafternoon
③好转例Things are looking up! 情况正在好转!
(9)look down on轻视,看不起10look forward to盼望;期待,高兴地盼望,期待着(to为介词后面只能跟名词、代词和动名词,不能接动词原形)例We are all looking forward to our holiday.我们都盼望着假期Im looking forward to seeing you this summer vacation.我盼望今年暑假见到你11look on(常与as连用)旁观;看作 = look upon例__y I look on with you 我可以跟你合看这本书吗I used to look on him as a friend.我以前把他看作是一位朋友12look over翻阅,浏览
4、call
(1)callon(拜访)与callat(拜访)的区别
①两者都是拜访的意思
②callon后接表示人的名词或代词callat后接表示地点或场所的词,对(某个人家或地方)进行短暂访问例Icalledonthe__ithsyesterday.我昨天拜访了史密斯一家Icalledatthe__ith’syesterday.我昨天去了史密斯家Icalledonthedoctoryesterday.我昨天去拜访了医生Icalledatthedoctor’syesterday.我昨天去了医务室
③callon还可以“号召”,后面接动词不定式作宾语补主语例Thehead__stercalledonthestudentstoworkharder.校长号召学生们更努力的学习
(2)callin作“请来”、“找来”、“召来”、“请某人来做某种专业的__或帮忙”的意思例Thepoli__h__ebeencalledintohelp__keitclear.已请来了__帮忙把这件事弄清楚
(3)callfor去取某物去接某人;需要
①作“要求”、“需要”、“提倡”解例Suc__sscallsforhardwork.成功要靠勤奋Theworkcallsforalotoftime.这项工作需要大量时间
②表示“接(某人)”、“来取(某物)”例Iwillcallforyouatsixthisevening.
③表示“喊着要人取来”,相当于askfor.例The__nsatdownandcalledforaglassofbeer.
(4)callup打__、回想起
①作“打__”的意思,相当于ringup或telephone或phone.例I’llcallyouuptomorrow.
②作“回想起”的意思例Yourlettercalledupthedayswhenweworkedtogether.
(5)callout大声叫喊例Somepeopleonthebankcalledouttothe__nintheboat.
(6)calloff取消(某项活动)例Forsomereasontheyh__ecalledoffthe_____/themeeting.
5、knockv.敲
(1)knockat敲门例Hestartedtocomplainthewicketworldwasinterruptedinaknockatthedoor.Abeggarknockedatmydoor.
(2)knockoff击倒、停工、中断
①表示打掉、把⋯⋯撞倒,如果有地点,用介词off;knocksth.off+地点,强调从原有的位置消失例Youalwaysknockthingsoffthetable.你总是碰掉桌上的东西
②表示停止工作、下班例WhattimedoyouknockoffHeknockedoffearlier.
③表示减掉、降低(__)、减低(速度)例Knock10%offthepri__.Theyknocked$5offthepri__ofcoat.
④表示排除、除掉、击败、破坏例Heistryingtoknockoffeveryo__ection.他试图排除一切__意见
(3)knockover击倒、把⋯⋯撞倒
①击倒、撞倒无地点,用介词over,更强调姿态上的歪斜例toknock__.over撞倒某人Jimwasknockedoverbyabusthismorning.
②压倒、轻易打败例Wesoonknockedoverourcompe_____.我们很快打败了我们的竞争对手
(4)knockout击昏、累垮
①表示击昏、打晕在拳击场合中把人打倒在地叫knockout专用术语例BobisverystrongheknockedTomoutyesterday.Hedidnotknowhowtofightbutheknockedtheboxerout.
②表示累垮、使筋疲力尽例Don’tknockyourselfoutwithhardwork.
6、give的几个固定搭配
(1)give常用含义是“给予,交给”例Ilenthimsomebookslastmonthandhehasgiventhembacktomethismorning.
(2)g__eaway
①赠送例Heg__eawayallhisbookstothelibrary.
②(不经意地)泄露(秘密),告密例Heissuretogiveawayyoursecret.他肯定会泄露你的秘密的
(3)givein上交,呈交;屈服,让步,投降例Giveinyourexaminationpapersafteryouvefinished.Youcandowhatyoulike.Iwillnevergivein.
(4)giveupdoingsth.放弃,抛弃例Heg__eupdrinkingafewyearsago.Heg__eup__ockingafewyearsold.
(5)giveup交出、让出、放弃例Jackhasgivenupthewatchhestolelastweek.Threeofouroffi__rsg__ethemselvesuptotheenemy.我方的三名军官向敌人投降了
(6)giveoff散发,发出(光、烟、气味等)例Thosewildflowersgiveoffani____ell.那些野花发出很好闻的香味
(7)giveout分配、分发例giveouthandbills发__
7、arrive
(1)arrivein到达大地方例IarrivedinLondonatlast.
(2)arriveat到达小地方例Iarrivedata__allvillageinthesouthofFran__.
(3)arrivefor要到什么时间了例Atlastthetimearrivedfortheperfor__n__tobegin
8、__ke的用法及物动词__ke的原义为“制造”,但它经常用于一些固定的结构,最常见的为__ke+(冠词)+名词形式__keprogress(取得进步);__kethebed(铺床);__keconversation(找话题);__keanoise(吵闹);__keapromise(保证);__ketrouble(捣蛋,制造麻烦);__kemoney(挣钱);__keaspeech(演讲);__keamistake(犯错误);__keuponesmind(下定决心,拿定主意)
9、Do的用法完全动词do也有一些固定短语doonesbest(尽最大努力);dooneshomework(做作业);do__.af__our(帮忙);doajob(干家务);dowork(做家务);doexercise(做练习);dobusiness(做生意)do还可以与动名词连用dosomeshopping(买东西,购物);doswimming(游泳);dosomereading(读书)
10、Pick的用法
(1)pickup拿起、捡起;意外地找到;(偶然地)学会;开车去接例Hepickedupalongpipewhichwascoveredwithcoins.(拿起)Thebicyclewaspickedupina__allvillage.(意外找到)
(2)pick__.up(顺路)接某人(meet__.+地点专程接)例Illpickyouupinthecarthisevening.今晚我开车来接你.
(3)pickupalotofEnglish=learnalotofEnglish例IpickedupalotofEnglishwhileIwasinEngland.Ilearnt.在英国的时候我学到了不少英语.
(4)pickuptheradioprogram=theprogramontheradio在广播上收听节目
(5)pickout挑出,选出,辩认出例Thereareso__nybeautifulcardsondisplayIcantpickouttheonesIlikebest.Icantchoose.陈列着那么多漂亮的___我挑不出最喜欢的.WhenIwenttothebookshopyesterdayIpickedouttwoofthebookswhichIneededmost.Lookatthesephotosandseeifyoucanpickoutmymother.Thethiefwaspickedoutbyseveralpeople.
11、含有介词at的词组at与许多词可以构成固定词组
(1)其中表示时间的有atfirst(开始时,最初),aton__(马上,立刻),atpresent(目前,现在),atlast(最后,终于),attimes(有时),atthemoment(现在);例AtanyrateI’mdeterminedtostayhereatpresent.
(2)表示地点的有athome(在家),atschool(在学校);例Billyisnotathomeatpresent.He’satschool.
(3)表示程度的有atleast(至少),atanyrate(不管怎样);例AtleastI’mnot__dyet.It’sapityyoucan’tcometothecon__rt.Atanyrateyou’llbeabletohearitontheradio.
(4)其它词组有atheart(内心里,实际上),ataloss(困惑不解,不知怎么办)等例Peopleh__emoremoneynowyetthetemptationtostealisgreaterthaneverbefore.WhyI’mataloss.Thoughhetriedto__deconversationwiththeladyhewasn’tinterestedinheratheart.
12、Payback
(1)偿还例YesterdaySamborrowedsomemoneyfrommeandsaidthathewouldpaymebackinaweek.
(2)报答;向⋯⋯报复(pay__.back)例You’vebeenverykindtome.HowcanIpayyoubackI’llpayyoubackforwhatyoudidtome.你对我这样,我一定会报仇的Heembarrassedmeatthe_____.I’llpayhimbacksomeday.
13、half的用法
(1)halfallboth均称为前限词,位于其它限定词之前(myherthesethose等),这时of可以省略例Shespendshalfofhertimetr__eling.好有一半时间来旅游
(2)代词前始终用halfof例Onlyhalfofuscouldcomelastnight.昨天晚上我们只有一半能来
(3)在度量衡前half从不带of例Myoldhomeisabouthalfamilefromhere.从这到我的老家只有半里路
(4)oneandahalf+n.pl.复数表示一个半例oneandahalfhours一个半小时。