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模块五第二单元单词详解economy n[CU](金钱﹑力气﹑时间﹑资源等的)节省节约:practiseeconomy实行节约economyclass经济舱(最低廉的客机舱位)[U]理财:politicaleconomy__经济学domesticeconomy国内经济[C]常作theeconomy(国家的)经济管理;经济制度:Thestateoftheeconomyisveryworrying.目前的经济状况令人十分担忧.economic adj经济学的;经济的:thegover__entseconomicpolicy__的经济政策economicdevelopment经济发展economicrecovery 经济复苏economicaladj经济的;节俭的;省时间的;节约的:aneconomicalcartorun节油汽车Sheiseconomicalwith/inheruseofsaltwhencooking.她烹饪时用盐很省.economicsn[singv]经济学;经济原则:theeconomicsofpublishing出版的经济原则.economistn经济学研究者;经济学家debate n[CU]a(正式的)辩论讨论(如在公众__或议会中常以表决结束):toopenthedebate开始辩论(第一个发言)underdebate在辩论中b(一般性的)辩论讨论:Wehadlongdebatesatcollegeaboutpolitics.我们上大学时曾长时间地辩论____.Herresignationcausedmuchpublicdebate.她辞职一事引起群众议论纷纷.debatev~aboutsth对(某事)进行辩论;讨论(某事):Whataretheydebatingabout他们在辩论什麽Werejustdebatingwhattodonext.我们正讨论下一步该做什麽事.Theydebatedclosingthefactory.他们争论是否关闭工厂.考虑(某事物)以决定:Idebateditforawhilethendecidednottogo.我反覆考虑後决定不去.Imdebatingwheretogoonholiday.我在琢磨到何处度假.Hedebatedbuyinganewcarbutdidntintheend.他思量很久是否买辆新汽车…debatern辩论的人,讨论者;辩论家preservationn[U]保护;维护;保存;保留;保持:thepreservationandconservationofwildlife对野生动物的保护Theaimofthepolicyisthepreservationofpea__.这一政策旨在维护和平.保存完好之程度:Thepaintingswereinanex__llentstateofpreservation.这些画保存得非常好.preserveva保护维护(某事物):preserveoneseyesight保护视力averywell-preserved__nofeighty一个保养得很好的八十老翁Effortstopreservethepea__h__efailed.维护和平的努力已经失败了.b~sthforsth保存或保留某事物:Fewoftheearly__nuscriptsh__ebeenpreserved.早期的手稿保存下来的不多.c~__from__/sth保护某人:Thecalmcourageofthepilotpreservedthelivesofthepassengers.飞行员临危不惧的勇气保住了乘客们的生命.*Godpreserveus!上帝保佑我们吧!使(某事物)不受损失;保持:preservehersenseofhumour保持幽默感Itisdifficulttopreserveonesself-respectinthatjob.做那样的工作很难保持自尊.(用装瓶装罐﹑乾燥﹑冷冻等法)保存(食物):Saltandspi__shelptopreservemeat.盐和调味品有助於保藏肉类.Inthesummerlargecropsoffruit__ybepreservedbyfreezingorbottling.夏天收获的大量水果可冷藏或装瓶装罐加以保存.[尤用於被动语态]禁止外人(捕猎等);将(土地﹑河流区段等)保留以供私用:Thefishinginthisstretchoftheriverisstrictlypreserved.此段河流严禁外人捕鱼.preserven1a[Cusupl]经__保存的水果:apricotpreserves杏脯.b[U]果酱:strawberrypreserve草莓酱2[C]专供私人行猎或捕鱼的保留区.3[sing]被认为某人所专有的活动﹑爱好等:Sheregardsnegotiatingpri__swithcustomersasherspecialpreserve.她把与顾客讨价还价看作自己的专长.preservern保护者;维护者;保藏食品者;防护用品;私人保留地:alife-preserver救生用品.preservativeadj(用来)保护的保存的:Salthasapreservativeeffectonfood.盐对食物有防腐作用.preservativen[CU]保护剂;防腐剂:foodfreefrompreservatives不含防腐剂的食品Preservativeisusuallyaddedtotinnedmeat.防腐剂通常加在肉类罐头里.awful adj极坏的;极讨厌的;可怕的:anawfulaccidentexperien__shock可怕的事故﹑经历﹑打击很坏的;糟透的:Whatawfulweather!多麽坏的天气!Ifeelawful.我觉得难受极了.Thefilmwasawful.那个电影糟透了.[作定语]极度的:Thatsanawfullotofmoney.那是很多很多钱哪.Iminanawfulhurrytogettothebank.我正急着去银行.awfullyadv很;非常:awfullyhot热极了awfullysorry非常抱歉Itsawfullykindofyou.多谢﹑多谢.ImafraidImawfullylate.我实在太迟了.Thanksawfullyforthepresent.万分感谢您的厚礼.poison n[CU]毒药;毒物:ratpoison老鼠药poisonforkillingweeds除草剂commit_______bytakingpoison__自杀poisongas毒气极糟的食物:Imnoteatingthatpoison!我可不吃那种猪食!poisonv~__/sthwithstha施毒於(某生物);用毒药毒死或毒害某人[某物]:Hiswifepoisonedhimwitharsenic.他妻子用砒霜把他毒死了.b在某物中放毒:Thechemicalcompaniesarepoisoningourriverswitheffluent.这些化学公司排出废水污染着我们的河流.a(在道德上)败坏某事物;腐化某事物:poison__smindwithpropaganda通过宣传毒害某人的思想.b使某事物受苦﹑受难﹑受罪等;破坏或毁坏某事物:aquarrelwhichpoisonedourfriendship有损我们友谊的争吵anexperien__thatpoisons__slife使某人一生受害的经历.poisonAsmindagainstB对A说B的坏话(通常指不实之词)poisonedadj1(因伤口感染等)发炎的:apoisonedhand发炎的手.2有毒的;施过毒药的:apoisonedarrow毒箭poisonern施毒者poisoningn[CU]施毒;中毒:bloodpoisoning血中毒poisonousadj1a用毒物杀敌或猎物的:poisonoussnakesinsectsetc毒蛇﹑有毒的昆虫.b引起中毒的:poisonousplantschemicals有毒的植物﹑化学物质.2a败坏道德的:thepoisonousdoctrineofracialsuperiority毒害良知的种族优越论.b恶意的;恶毒的:__withapoisonoustongue言语恶毒的人poisonouslyadv.atmospherenatheatmosphere大气大气层(包围地球的气体)b包围任何星球的气体:anatmospherethatsupportslife可以维持生命的气体.某一地方的空气:Theatmosphereisverystuffyinhere这里的空气很闷气氛;情绪:Anatmosphereoftensionfilledtheroom.屋子里笼罩着紧张的气氛.Theatmosphereoverdinnerwaswarmandfriendly.用餐时洋溢着热情友好的气氛.atmosphericadj大气的;大气层的:unusualatmosphericconditions异常的大气状态.制造气氛的:atmosphericlighting制造气氛的灯光.atmosphericpressure大气压力flowvptpp-eda(指液体)流动:Hertearsflowedfreelydownhercheeks.她眼泪止不住地(顺着面颊)往下流.Mostriversflowintothesea.江河大多流入海洋.Bloodsuddenlystartedflowingout.突然流出血来.b畅通无阻(尤指在封闭系统内);流通;流传:Keepthetrafficflowing.保持交通畅通无阻.Bloodflowsroundthebody.血液在体内循环.(指讲话或写作)流畅:Conversationflowedfreelywhenthespeakerinviteddiscussion.演讲人请大家讨论於是人人畅所欲言.松散而无束缚地落下或垂下:Herhairfloweddownoverhershoulders.她长发垂肩.~withsth有的是;大量供应;取之不尽:alandflowingwithmilkandhoney自然资源丰富的地方.(指海潮)涨涨潮:Thetidebegantoflowandourfootprintswerecovered.开始涨潮了潮水遮住了我们的脚印.flowin/intosth不断涌入:Offersofhelpflowedintotheoffi__.人们接连不断地向办事处表示愿意提供帮助.flowfromsth源於某事物;为某事物的结果:__nybenefitswillflowfromthisdiscovery.这项发现将带来许多好处.flowoutofsth外流:Profitsareflowingoutofthecountry.利润源源不断地流向国外.flowover__(某事)发生而不影响某人:Offi__politicsjustseemtoflowoverhim.同事之间互相倾轧﹑勾心斗角的事似乎并未波及到他.flown通常作单数1~ofsth/__(某事物[某人]的)流动(量);流量:asteadyflowoftraffic川流不息的来往车辆Thegover__entistryingtostoptheincreasingflowofrefugeesenteringthecountry.__正在设法阻止越来越多的难民流入本国.2~ofsth某事物的持续或连续供应(量):cutofftheflowofoil切断石油输送theconstantflowofinfor__tion源源不断的信息.3口若悬河;滔滔不绝:Iinterruptedhimwhilehewasinfullflow他正在高谈阔论我打断了他的话.4涨潮:theebbandflowofthesea海潮的涨落.addition n[U]加(尤指计算两个或两个以上数目的总和).[C]~tosth增加的人或事物:Theyvejusthadanadditiontothefamily.他们家里刚刚又添了一口人(另一个孩子).inadditionto__/sth加之;除...之外:Inadditiontothenamesonthelisttherearesixotherapplicants.除此(__上的名字)之外还有六个申请人.additionaladj附加的;另外的;外加的:additionalcandidatessupplies外加的候选人﹑供应additionallyadv.wipeva~sthonsth;~sthdown/over擦﹑拭或揩某物:wipethedishes把碟子擦乾wipethetable擦桌子wipeoneseyes擦乾眼泪b用(布等)擦:wipeadampspongeacrossonesfa__用湿海绵擦脸c搽(某物质):Wipethelotionontoyourfa__.你在脸上搽些护肤液~sthfrom/offsth;~sthaway/off/up擦净或擦掉某物:wipeawaythetearsfromoneseyes擦(掉)眼泪wipethewritingfromtheblackboard把黑板上的字擦掉*wipeupthespiltmilkoffthefloor把洒在地板上的牛奶擦乾净Wipethat__ile/grin/expressionoffyourfa__!别笑[咧着嘴笑/做出那种表情]!wipethefloorwith__(在辩论﹑竞赛等中)把某人打得一败涂地wipesthoffthefa__oftheearth/offthe__p彻底消除某事物wipetheslateclean勾销过去的错误或过失;重新开始wipesthouta擦拭(盆﹑碗等)的内部:Thisvasewasntwipedoutproperlybeforeitwasputaway.这个花瓶没擦乾净就收起来了.b除去或取消某事物:wipeoutonesdebts还清债务c彻底消灭或摧毁某事物:Wholevillageswerewipedoutinthebombingraids.整座整座的村庄都在轰炸中摧毁了.wipedout 精疲力竭的lay1vptpplaida将(某物[某人])置於某位置或某物表面:laythebookonthetable把书放在桌上layoneselfdowntosleep躺下睡觉Helaidhishandonmyshoulder.他把手放在我的肩上.b(为某目的)将(某物)摆放於适当位置:laythetable摆设餐具准备吃饭~Aon/overB;~BwithA(在某物上)摊开某物;用某物覆盖或附加一层某物:laycarpetingonthefloor/laythefloorwithcarpeting铺地毯使(某人[某事物])处於某状态或情况:lay__underanobligationtodosth使某人承担做某事的义务使(某物)沉降安顿:sprinklewatertolaythedust洒水使尘土落下.使(某物)平顺或伏贴:usinghaircreamtolaythehairstickingupattheback用发乳把後面竖起的头发弄服帖.使(某事物)减轻平息缓解:lay__sfearsdoubtssuspicions消除某人的恐惧﹑疑虑﹑怀疑[不用於被动语态]~sthonsth就某事赌(钱);压(赌注):Howmuchdidyoulayonthatra__那场赛马你下了多少赌注Illlayyou5thatshewontcome.我看她不来了我愿跟你赌5英镑.[尤用於被动语态](指男子)与(某女子)__;肏:getlaid挨肏.(指鸟﹑虫等)产(卵):Thecuckoolaysitseggsinotherbirdsnests.__…产卵.new-laideggsat90padozen90便士一打的鲜蛋.某些lay+n+prep/infinitive的组合其意义与该名词形式相关的动词相同如laytheemphasison__rtainpoints=emphasize__rtainpoints:laystressonneatness强调整齐Whoshouldwelaytheblameon我们该责备谁layonesplanstodosth计画做某事layitonthick/withatrowel夸大地赞扬﹑恭维等:Tocallhimageniusislayingitonabittoothick!把他称为天才是有点过分了.layaboutonewithsth向四周挥打:Asweapproachedhershelaidaboutherwithastick.我们接近她时她就挥棒乱打.layabout__/sthwithsth用言语或拳﹑棒等攻击某人[某事物]:Shelaidabouthimcallinghimaliarandacheat.她攻击他说他说谎﹑是个骗子.laysthasidea把某事物放在一边:Ilaidmybookasideturnedoffthelightandwenttosleep.我把书放在一边关了灯睡觉.b抛弃或放弃某事物:layasideonesstu___sonesresponsibilities放弃学业﹑责任.calsolaysthby留存某物以备将来之用;储存某物:laysomemoneyasideforonesoldage积钱防老.laysthaway付定钱购某物俟货款付齐再行交货.laysthdowna将(酒)贮存於地窖等:laydownclaret贮存乾红葡萄酒.b(开始)建造某物:laydownanewshiprailwaytrack建造新船﹑新铁路.c停止行使某事物;放弃某事物:laydownonesoffi__duties放弃职务﹑中止义务.laysthdown;layitdownthat...制定规则﹑原则等:Youcantlaydownhardandfastrules.规则不能定得太严太死.Itislaiddownthatallapplicantsmustsitawrittenexam.根据规定申请者一律需经笔试.laysthin储备某物:layinfoodcoalsuppliesetc储存食物﹑煤﹑供应品等.layinto__/sth用言语或拳﹑棒等猛烈攻击某人[某事物]:Hereallylaidintohersayingshewasarrogantandunfeeling.他痛斥她说她傲慢又无情.layoff__不再做打扰人﹑讨人厌等的事:Layoff!Youremessingupmyhair!住手!你把我的头发都弄乱了!Layoffhim!Cantyouseehesbadlyhurt别碰他!你没看见他伤得很厉害吗layoffsth不再做或使用有害的事物等:Ive__okedcigarettesforyearsbutnowImgoingtolayoffthem.我抽烟很多年了现在打算戒了.Youmustlayoffalcoholforawhile.在一段时期内你必须禁酒.lay__off解雇(工人)(通常为短期):Theywerelaidoffbecauseofthelackofneworders.由於没有新的定货他们遭暂时解雇.laysthona(给住房等)供应(煤气﹑水等):Wecantmoveinuntiltheelectricityhasbeenlaidon.我们得等电源接通後才能搬进去.binfml口providesth;arrangesth提供某事物;安排某事物:layona_____showtrip组织娱乐会﹑展览会﹑出游layonfoodanddrink提供食物和饮料Sightseeingtoursarelaidonforvisitors.已为来访者安排了观光活动.lay__out打昏(某人):Theboxerwaslaidoutinthefifthround.那个拳击手在第五回合中被击昏在地.laysthouta展开某物(为备用或易见):beautifuljewellerylaidoutintheshopwindow陈列在橱窗里的漂亮珠宝b常用於被动语态有计划地安排某事物:layoutatowngarden设计城市﹑布置花园awelllaidout__gazine设计得精美的__.c花(钱):Ihadtolayoutafortuneonthatcar.我得为那辆汽车花上一大笔钱.layover旅途中停留:WelaidoverinArizonaonthewaytoCalifornia.我们在赴加利福尼亚州途中曾在亚利桑那州停留.lay__up通常用於被动语态使某人卧床﹑不能工作等:Sheslaidupwithabrokenleg.她因腿伤卧床.Ivebeenlaidupwithfluforaweek.我患流感已在家休息一个星期了.laysthupa保留某物;储存某物:layupsuppliesfueletc储备供应品﹑燃料等.b将(车﹑船等)搁置不用:Mycarslaidupatthemoment.我的汽车闲着没用.laysthupforoneself(自)找麻烦:Youreonlylayinguptroubleforyourselfbynotmendingthatroofnow.你不趁现在修理房顶将来给自己找麻烦.lay-offna解雇工人(通常为短期):__nylay-offsamongfactoryworkers工人中许多暂遭解雇的人.bperiodofthis暂时解雇期:alonglay-offoverthewinter长达一冬的暂时解雇.layoutn安排;设计;布局;编排:thelayoutofroomsinabuilding建筑物内__的布局lay-overn旅途中的短期停留lay2 adj[作定语]非神职的:alaypreacher非神职的讲道者.a非专业的;外行的:layopinion外行的竟见speakingasalayperson说外行话.b不合职业资格的(尤指在法律或医学方面).lay__nnpl-men1外行;门外汉:abookwrittenforprofessionalsandlaymenalike为专业人员和外行人写的书.2普通__(有别於神职人员)figure1n[C]a数字(尤指0至9):Writethefigure`7forme.给我写个‘7’字.Hehasanincomeofsixfigures/asix-figureincome.他有六位数字的收入.b通常作单数金额;__:Weboughtthehouseatahigh/lowfigure.我们以高[低]价买下了那所房子.[C]a图解;图表:Thefigureonpage22showsapolitical__pofAfrica.第22页的插图是非洲的政区图.b几何图形.[C]装饰性的图案或系列动作:figure-skating花样滑冰.Theskaterexecutedaperfectsetoffigures.那个滑冰的人做出了一套__的花样动作.[C](绘画等中的)人或动物的像画像肖像:The__ntralfigureinthepaintingistheartistsdaughter.画中间的那个人是画家的__.[C]身材;(尤指)体态相貌:h__eagoodfigure身材苗条Im___tingtokeepmyfigure.我正在节食以保持身材不变(不发胖).Isawafigureapproachinginthedarkness.我看见黑暗中有个人影走近.Hewason__aleadingfigureinthecommunitybutnowhehasbecomeafigureoffun.他原是该社区的头面人物但现在成了人们取笑的对象.Shesafinefigureofawo__n.她身材苗条.figures[pl]算术:Areyougoodatfigures你的算术好吗cutafinepoorsorryetcfigure出众﹑出丑﹑出洋相等.factsandfigures=fact.putafigureonsth报价;确定某物的数量:Itsimpossibletoputafigureonthenumberofhomelessaftertheflood.水灾过後无家可归的人不计其数.inroundfigures/numbers=round
1.singlefigures=single.figureofspeech比喻:我不是说她真在外层空间--这只是打个比方.Ididntreallymeanshewasinouterspa__itsjustafigureofspeech.figure2v~insth出现或被提及(尤指引人注目的):acharacterthatfiguresin__nyofhernovels在她多部小说中出现的一个人物a想(某事物);估计:Ifiguredthatyouwouldntcome.我料想你不会来.b与it或that连用有可能;可以理解:`Johnisntheretoday.`Thatfigureshelookedveryunwellyesterday.‘约翰今天没来.’‘怪不得他昨天就好像不太舒服.’figuresthin将某事物包括在内;计算在内:H__eyoufiguredinthecostoffoodforourholiday你把度假的食物费用计算进去了吗figureonsth计画;指望:IfigureonbeinginNewYorkinJanuary.我计画一月份在纽约.figure__/sthouta理解某人[某事物];弄明白:Iveneverbeenabletofigurehimout.我一直不能理解他.Icantfigureoutwhyhequithisjob.我琢磨不透他为什麽要辞掉工作.H__eyoufiguredoutwhatswrongwithyourcar你找出你汽车的毛病了吗b演算出;计算出:H__eyoufiguredouthowmuchtheholidaywillcost你算出假期得花多少钱了吗approach v(在空间或时间上)接近靠近(某人[某事物]):Thetimeisapproachingwhenwemustthinkaboutbuyinganewhouse.我们要想一想买新房子的事了时机即将来临.Asyouapproachthetownthefirstbuildingyouseeisthechurch.接近那座城镇的时候首先看到的就是教堂.(在性质或特点上)接近(某人[某事物]):FewwritersevenbegintoapproachShakespearesgreatness.莎士比亚的伟大鲜有作家能望其项背.(为求助或提供某事物)接近(某人):approachonesbank__nagerforaloan找银行经理寻求贷款Ifindhimdifficulttoapproach.我觉得他很难接近(不好谈话).着手处理(事务﹑难题等):要想解决这一难题咱们先来考虑一下如何着手方为上策.Beforetryingtosolvethepuzzleletusconsiderthebestwaytoapproachit.approachn1接近:He__yfootstepssignalledtheteachersapproach.沉重的脚步声显示教师已经走近了.Atherapproachthechildrenranoff.她走近的时候孩子们都跑了.2[C]~tosth性质或特点相似的事物:Thatsthenearestapproachtoa__ileheever__kes.那已算是他能做出的最近乎微笑的表示了.3[C]通路;进路;道路:Alltheapproachestothepala__wereguardedbytroops.通往宫殿的所有道路都有__把守.4[C]方法;手段:anewapproachtolanguageteaching语言教学的新方法.5[C](想与某人商议或亲近的)尝试意图:俱乐部已试探向本地一家公司寻求资助.Theclubhas__deanapproachtoalocalbusinessfirmforsponsorship.6[C]进场(飞机着陆前的最後飞行阶段):theapproachtotherunway进入跑道的进场飞行.7[C](高尔夫球赛中)从外野击向球穴区草地.8easy/difficultofapproach平易近人的[难於接近的].approachableadj1(指人或物)可接近的2和蔼可亲的.Thevillageisonlyapproachablefromthesouth.这个村子只有从南边才能到达.approachabilityn[U].beneficialadj~tosth/__有益的;有用的;有好处的:abeneficialresultinfluen__etc有益的结果﹑影响等Freshairisbeneficialtooneshealth.新鲜空气有益於健康.benefitna[U]利益实惠未来的好处(尤与以下所示动词及介词连用):Ivehadthebenefitofagoodeducation.我得益於良好的教育.Itwasachievedwiththebenefitofmoderntechnology.借助现代技术这个目标已经达到.Thenewregulationswillbeofgreatbenefittousall.新规章对我们大家都会大有好处.Achangeinthelawwouldbetoeveryonesbenefit.法律中的一项修改符合所有人的利益.b[C]优越性;优良条件:thebenefitsofmodernmedicinescien__highereducation现代医学﹑科学﹑高等教育的优良条件.[UC]保险金;救济金;抚恤金;补助金:medicalunemploymentsicknessetcbenefits医疗﹑失业﹑疾病等补助.[尤作定语](为某运动员或慈善事业等筹款而__的)义演或义赛:abenefit__tchperfor__n__con__rtetc义赛﹑义演﹑慈善音乐会等.for__sbenefit以对某人进行帮助﹑指引﹑指导等:Thewarningsignwasputthereforthebenefitofthepublic.那儿设立了警告牌以引起人们的警惕.give__thebenefitofthedoubt因证据不足而承认某人无罪﹑无过失等:Byallowinghertogofreethejudgeg__etheaccusedthebenefitofthedoubt.法官对被告作了无罪推定而释放了她.benefitvptpp-fited;USalso-fitted1使(某人[某物])受益:Thesefacilitiesh__ebenefitedthewholetown.这些设施使全城受益.2~from/bysth得益:Hehasntbenefitedfromtheexperien__.他虽有体验却无长进.expand /v~sthintosth使(某事物)变大扩大增大增加增强扩展:Metalsexpandwhentheyareheated.金属受热则膨胀.Atyreexpandswhenyoupumpairintoit.轮胎一打气就鼓起来.Ourforeigntradehasexpandedgreatlyinre__ntyears.我国对外贸易近年来已有极大发展.Whynottrytoexpandyourstoryintoanovel你怎麽不把你的故事扩展成小说呢伸展;伸开;张开;展开:Thepetalsoftheflowersexpandedinthesunshine.花瓣在阳光下张开了.Hisfa__expandedina__ileofwelcome.他喜笑颜开地表示欢迎.(指人)变得热情或愿意交谈:客人们喝了一两杯酒以後就有说有笑了.Theguestsexpandedalittlewhentheydhadaglassortwoofwine.expandonsth阐述或详述(某事故事论点等):Youmentionedtheneedforextrafunding.Wouldyouexpandonthat你曾提到需要一笔额外资金.你详细谈谈好吗expansionn[U]扩大;扩展;膨胀:theexpansionofgaseswhenheated气体受热时的膨胀theexpansionofhisbusinessinterests他的商业利益的增加theexpansionoftheschoolsystem学校机构的扩大.obvious adj显然的;明显的;明白的;清楚的:Hisnervousnesswasobviousrightfromthestart.他从一开始就显然十分紧张.Itwasobvioustoeveryonethatthechildhadbeenbadlytreated.大家都清楚那孩子受虐待.obviouslyadv显然;明白地:Obviouslysheneedshelp.她显然需要帮助.Hewasobviouslydrunk.他显然是醉了.obviousnessn[U]:Theobviousnessoftheliewasembarrassing.那是明摆着的谎话真叫人难为情.situation n状况处境局面形势(尤指某时期的):findoneselfinanembarrassingsituation觉得自己处於___境地getinto/outofadifficultsituation陷入[摆脱]困难的状况(城镇﹑建筑物等相对於周围环境的)位置:abeautifulsituationoverlookingthevalley可俯瞰山谷的优美地点.有酬劳的工作;职业:findanewsituation找个新工作s__ethesituation挽回局势;渡过难关:Disagreementsthreatenedtowreckthepea__talksbutthepresidentsinterventions__edthesituation.讲和谈判因意见分歧危如累卵而会长从中斡旋方转危为安.responsibility n[U]~for__/sth责任;负责:h__eshowasenseofresponsibility有﹑显示出责任感takeassumeac__ptbearfullresponsibilityfortheconsequen__s对後果承担全部责任[C]~to__职责;任务;义务:Itsmyresponsibilitytolockthedoors.我负责锁门.responsible adj~for__/sth;~fordoingsth(在法律上或道义上)须负责任承担责任:Allpilotsareresponsiblefortheirpassengerssafety.飞机驾驶员均应对乘客的安全负责.oumust__keyourselfpersonallyresponsibleforpayingthesebills.你应该个人支付这些帐.~to__/sth对自己的行动向主管者或上级承担责任:bedirectly/indirectlyresponsibletothePresident直接[间接]向总统负责.~forsth应对自己的行为负责:醉汉不能为其行为负全部责任.Adrunk__ncannotbeheld/consideredfullyresponsibleforhisactions.a(指人)可靠的可信赖的:beh__elikeresponsiblecitizens做有责任心的公民Sheisveryresponsibleforasix-year-old.对於六岁的孩子来说她算是很靠得住的b(指工作等)需可靠的人来做的;责任重大的:ahighlyresponsibleposition极其重要的职位~forsth作为(某事物的)原因;应归咎或归功(於某事物):Whosresponsibleforthismess是谁弄得这麽乱__okingisresponsiblefor__nycasesoflungcan__r.吸烟是许多人患肺癌的致病因素.responsiblyadv明事理地;合乎理性地;可信赖地:actbeh__eresponsibly行动﹑行事靠得住keyn[C]钥匙:turnthekeyinthelock转动锁孔中的钥匙thekeytothefrontdoor前门的钥匙[C]类似钥匙的器具(如上钟表发条用的):Wheresthekeyforturningofftheradiator关散热器的开关在哪里[C]a调:asonatainthekeyofEflat__jor/Aminor一首降E大调[A小调]奏鸣曲b(事物的)基调调子调门儿:Herspeechwasallinthesamekey.她的演说自始至终是一个调子(单调乏味).[C](打字机﹑钢琴等的)键[C]a题解;答案:abookoflanguagetestscompletewithkey附答案的语言测验试题集.b(地图﹑图表等上的)略语表符号表凡例图例.[通常作单数]~tosth关键;要诀:___tandexercisearethekeytogoodhealth.吃固定食物﹑做运动是(身体健康的)关键.(助灰浆或颜料附着的)粗糙表面:[C]翅果(如梣﹑榆等树的果实)keyadj极重要的;关键性的:akeyfigureinthedispute争论中的关键人物willingadja愿意或乐於相助的:willingassistants主动帮忙的人.b~todosth不__(做某事);愿意:Areyouwillingtoac__ptresponsibility你愿意承担责任吗愿意或喜欢做的﹑给的等:willingco-operationhelpsupport自愿的合作﹑帮助﹑支持Godwilling用以表示但愿事情能如愿:IllbebacknextweekGodwilling.如一切顺利我下周就回来.showwilling表示愿意做某事(如努力工作﹑帮助别人等):IdontthinkImneededasahelperbutIllgoanywayjusttoshowwilling.我想并不需要我帮忙但我还是要去以示诚意.thespiritiswillingbutthefleshisweak谚心余力绌.awillinghorse积极工作的人(有别於常发牢骚或不满的人)willinglyadv.willingnessn:showawillingnesstoplease表现出愿意讨好别人.tax n[CU]税;税额:income/property/salestax所得[物业/营业]税ataxonsth某物的负担或重负:ataxononeshealthstrength对健康﹑体力的影响.taxv1对(某人[某事物])徵税;要求(某人)纳税:Myincomeistaxedatsour__.我的收入已先行扣除了所得税.2造成(某事物)的重负;使超过极限:Allthesequestionsarebeginningtotaxmypatien__.所有这些问题逐渐使我不胜其烦.3给(某物)纳税;上税:ThecaristaxeduntilJuly.这辆汽车七月前已上税.4taxones/__sbrains给某人[自己]安排伤脑筋的工作:Thiscrosswordwillreallytaxyourbrain.这纵横字谜真能让人大伤脑筋.5tax__withsth指控某人某事:Shewastaxedwithnegligen__/withh__ingbeennegligent.她被指控疏忽职守.taxableadj应纳税的;可能需纳税的:taxableearnings应纳税的收入.taxingadj累人的;烦人的;繁重的:ataxingjob烦人的工作.tax-freeadj免税的:atax-freebonus免税红利.tax__nnpl-men1[C]税务员;收税员.2thetax__n税务部门;税务机关taxpayern纳税人.staten[C]状态;状况;情况;情形:Thehousewasinadirtystate.那房子很脏.Thesebuildingsareinabadstateofrepair.这些建筑物亟待修葺.apoorstateofhealth健康欠佳Shewasinaterriblestatewhenwearrived.我们抵达时她情绪很不好.State[C]国;国家;领土:theStateofIsrael以色列国modernEuropeanstates现代的欧洲国家State[C](联邦或___的)州邦theState[U]__;国家:__nybelievetheStateshouldprovideschoolshomesandhospitalsforeveryone.许多人认为国家应该为全民提供学校教育﹑住房以及医疗服务.[U]国家级的礼仪;盛观:总统在盛大的仪式中乘车从街上通过.ThePresidentwasdriveninstatethroughthestreets.theStates[pl]美国:IveneverbeentotheStates.我从来没去过美国.in/intoastate处於[陷入]激动或焦躁的情绪中:Shegotherselfintoastateabouttheexams.她对这次考试心里很慌.inastateofnature赤身露体;____astateofaffairs情况;局势:Whatashockingstateofaffairs!局势真惊人哪!shockn[C]强烈的冲击或震动(如因碰撞或__造成的):earthquakeshocks地震Ifelttheshockastheaircrafthittheground.飞机着陆时我感觉到震了一下.[C]=electricshock触电;电休克;电震;电击:Ifyoutouchthislivewireyoullgetashock.摸这条带电的导线就会触电.[C]震惊;震骇;惊愕:Thenewsofhismothersdeathwasaterribleshocktohim.他母亲去世的噩耗使他非常震惊.Itg__emequiteashocktobetoldIwasseriouslyill.听说我的病很严重我吃了一惊.[U]休克:bein/gointoshock处於休克状态shockv[尤用於被动语态]使(某人)震惊;使(某人)感到厌恶﹑愤怒﹑恐惧等:Iwasshockedatthenewsofherdeath.我听到她去世的消息十分震惊.Hewasshockedtohearhischildswearing.他听见他孩子骂人非常生气.shockingadj1令人气愤的;令人厌恶的;极坏的;非常错误的:她的行为太过分了我简直无法形容.WhatshedidwassoshockingthatIcanhardlydescribeit.2令人震惊的:shockingnews令人震惊的消息.3很糟的:shockingluckweatherhandwritingwork很糟的运气﹑天气﹑笔迹﹑作品Thefoodhereisshocking.这儿的食物糟透了.shockinglyadv1badly糟糕地:Youreplayingshockingly.你演奏得很糟糕.2极;非常:ashockinglyexpensivedress特贵的连衣裙.disappoint v使(某人)失望:Dontdisappointmebybeinglateagain.别再迟到了不要叫我失望.使(希望﹑计划等)不能实现:disappoint__sexpectations__scalculations使某人的希望破灭﹑使某人的如意算盘落空.disappointedadj~about/atsth;~in/with__/sth;~todosth/that..失望的;失意的;受挫的:bedisappointedabout/at__sfailure对某人的失败感到失望Iwasdisappointedwithhisperfor__n__.他的表现令我失望.Imdisappointedinyou:Iexpectedyoutowin.你让我失望了我本来指望你能赢的.Hewasdisappointedtoheartheywerenotcoming.他听说他们不来了感到很扫兴.Iwasdisappointednottobechosen.我没被挑中感到很沮丧.disappointedlyadv.disappointingadj令人失望的;扫兴的:adisappointingnovel令人失望的小说disappointinglyadv:Disappointinglyhehadnothingnewtoshowus.他没什麽新鲜东西给我们看使人感到失望.disappointmentn[U]失望;沮丧:Toourgreatdisappointmentitrainedonthedayofthepicnic.使我们大失所望的是野餐那天下起雨来了.[C]~to__令人失望的人或事物:Notgettingthejobwasaterribledisappointment.得不到那份工作叫人失望极了.Hischildrenareadisappointmenttohim.他的孩子让他感到失望.shamen[U]羞耻;羞愧;惭愧:feelshameath__ingtoldalie说谎後感到羞愧hangonesheadinshame惭愧得低下了头TomyshameIneverthankedhimforhiskindness.我感到惭愧的是对他的好意我从未…[U]羞愧感:HowcouldyoudosuchathingH__eyounoshame你怎麽竟然做出这种事你难道不知羞耻吗Sheiscompletelywithoutshame.她恬不知耻.[U]耻辱:bringshameon__/oneself使某人[自己]丢脸ashamea可耻的人或事物:Itsashametotakemoneyfromthosewhocantaffordit.拿别人的钱使人家无以自立是十分可耻的.b遗憾的事;可惜:Whatashameyoudidntwin.你没赢真遗憾.Isntitashamethattherainspoiledourpicnic这场雨把我们的野餐给搅了可惜不可惜put__/sthtoshame大大优越於某人[某事物]:Yourbeautifulhandwritingputsmyuntidyscrawltoshame.你漂亮的字体把我的潦草字迹比得见不得人.shameonyou你(对做的事或说的话)应该感到羞耻:HowcouldyoutreathersobadlyShameonyou!你怎麽能待她那麽坏真可耻!shamev1a使(某人)感到羞愧:Hewasshamedbyhowmuchmoreworktheothershaddone.别人做得多得多他感到很难为情.b给(某人)带来耻辱;使丢脸:Youveshamedyourfamily.你给你们家丢脸了.Itsquiteshamingthatoursocietycaressolittleforthepoor.我们这个社会对__很不关心是很难堪的事.2shame__into/outofdoingsth使某人感到惭愧而做[不做]某事:shame__intoapologizing使某人惭愧得赔礼道歉.shameful可耻的;丢脸的:shamefulconductde__itetc可耻的行为﹑骗局等.shamefullyadv.shamefulnessn[U].shamelessadj无羞耻感的;__的;不要脸的:ashamelesscheatliar__的骗子﹑说谎的人ashamed adj[作表语]~ofsth/__/oneself;~that...感到羞耻;感到惭愧:Youshouldbeashamedofyourselffor____ingsuchlies.你应该为说这些谎话而感到羞耻.Hefeltashamedofh__ingdonesolittlework.他因只做了这麽一点儿工作而感到惭愧.IfeelashamedthatIh__entwrittenforsolong.我很久未曾写信甚为惭愧.~todosth因为羞耻或惭愧而勉强作某事:Hefelttooashamedtoaskforhelp.他不好意思请求帮助.Imashamedtoletyouseemypaintings.让你看我的画很难为情.arrest v依法逮捕拘留扣留:Afterthe__tchthreeyouthswerearrested.比赛过後有三个青年被捕.阻止或抑制(进展或运动):Attemptsarebeing__detoarrestthespreadofthedisease.现正设法遏止这种疾病的蔓延.吸引(某事物):Anunusualpaintingarrestedhisattention.一幅异乎寻常的画引起了他的注意.arrestn1逮捕;拘留:Thepoli____deseveralarrests.警方逮捕了好几个人.2停止:Thepatient___daftersufferingacardiacarrest.患心搏停止而死亡(心脏停止跳动)3be/pla____/put__underarrest被逮捕;被拘留;成为囚犯:Iamplacingyouunderarrestforattemptedburglary.我按企图盗窃罪逮捕你.Youareunderarrest.你被捕了.arrestingadj引人注意的;显着的:anarresting__ile引人注目的微笑.customsn[pl]进口税;关税:paycustomsonsth为某物缴纳进口税.theCustoms海关:TheCustomsh__efound______hiddeninfreight.海关查出了隐藏在货物中的___.customshouse(尤指港口的)海关.customna[CU]习俗;风俗:Itisdifficulttogetusedtoanothercountryscustoms.要适应另一国家的风俗习惯是很困难的.b[C]个人的习惯:Itismycustomtoriseearly.早起是我的习惯.arrivaln[U]到达;抵达:Onyourarrivalatthehotelpleasewaitforfurtherinstructions.(你)抵达旅馆後请听候进一步指示.[C]到达的人或物:Latearrivalsmustwaitinthefoyer.来晚的人要在门厅等候.resour__n[Cusupl通常作复数]资源:richinnaturalmineralagriculturaletcresour__s自然的﹑矿产的﹑农业的...资源丰富sour__ n河流的源头;发源地:thesour__softheNile尼罗河的发源地来源;出处:newsfromareliablesour__来源可靠的消息alimitedsour__ofincome有限的收入来源limitn[C]限度;极限;界线;限界:withinthecitylimits在该城范围内Hetriedmypatien__toitslimits.他把我逼得____了.允许的或可能的最大限度;__:TheresalimittohowmuchImpreparedtospend.我准备花多少钱是有限度的.bethelimit所能忍受的或无法再忍受的极限:Youreallyaretheabsolutelimit!你真让人____!offlimitsUS=outofboundsbounds.theskysthelimit=sky.withinlimits适度地;有限度地:Imwillingtohelpwithinlimits.我愿适当予以帮助.withoutlimi无限地;无限制地.limitlessadjwithoutlimit无限制的;无限度的;__限的;无止境的:limitlessambitiongreedwealth无限度的野心﹑贪慾﹑财富.Limitv~__/sthtosth给某人[某事物]定界限;限定某人[某事物]:shalllimitmyselftothreeaspectsofthesu__ect.我仅探讨这一问题的三个方面.limitedadj有限的;少的;小的:Onlyalimitednumberofpla__sis__ailable.只有少数地方可供使用.limitedliabilitycompany缩写Ltd有限责任公司limitingadj限制的;限制性的:Timeisthelimitingfactor.时间是限制性的因素.clapv-pp-a~sthtogether拍(手);鼓(掌):Theyclappedtheirhandsintimetothemusic.他们随着音乐的节拍鼓起掌来.b不断鼓掌以示赞许(某人[某事物]);鼓掌欢迎:Theau___n__clappedher/herspeechenthusiastically.听众热情地(为她[为她的讲话])鼓起掌来.~__onsth(用手掌)轻轻拍打某人(通常为友好地):clap__ontheback轻拍某人的背.clap/lay/seteyeson__/sth=eye
1.clapholdof__/sth突然或用力抓住某人[某物]:Hereclapholdofthis!喂抓住这个!clap__in/intojailprisonetc迅速将某人关进监狱(常未经审讯).clapsthonsth涨价提价(尤指不得人心的):TheGover__enthasclappedanextratenpen__onapacketofcigarettes.__对每包香烟额外提价十便士.beclappedout(指人)筋疲力尽;(指物)破烂不堪:aclapped-outoldbicycle破烂不堪的旧自行车.clapn1鼓掌;掌声:Letsgiveherabigclapieapplaudher.咱们给她用力鼓掌.2[C]~onsth善意的拍打:give__aclapontheback在某人背上拍一下.3[C]突然的巨响:aclapofthunder雷鸣.Combatn[CU](两人﹑两军等的)格斗搏斗战斗:armed/unarmedcombat武装的[非武装的]斗争combatv~against/with__/stha与(某人[某事物])战斗斗争搏斗:combattheenemy与敌人作战.b试图减少﹑减弱或消灭(某事物):combatingdiseaseterrori__与疾病﹑____作斗争combatant/ˋkɑmbətənt/nadj参战者;战士combative/ˋkɑmbətɪv/adj斗志旺盛的;好斗的;好争论的:inacombativemood斗志昂扬combativelyadv.convention n[C](某一职业﹑政党等之人士召开的)大会:ateachersconvention教师会议holdaconvention召开大会a[U](某种情况下的)习俗惯例:Conventiondictatesthat依照常规…Byconventionasl__etoconvention传统的奴隶(墨守成规的人)b[C]惯常作法;惯例[C](国家﹑首脑等之间的)协议协定:theGenevaConvention(关於战俘待遇等问题的)日内瓦协定.conventional adja依照惯例的;约定俗成的;因循守旧的:Shessoconventionalinherviews.她观点太保守b依照传统的;符合习俗的:aconventionaldesignmethod传统的式样﹑方法.(尤指武器)常规的非核的:conventionalmissileswa___reetc常规的导弹﹑战争等establish v建立设立(某事物):Thisbusinesswasestablishedin
1860.这家公司成立於1860年.establishacloserelationshipwith__与某人建立起密切的关系.[只用於被动语态]~__/oneselfinsthassth使某人[自己]任职;安置;安顿:Wearenowcomfortablyestablishedinournewhouse.我们现已在新居舒适地安顿下来了.Heestablishedhimselfasgovernoroftheprovin__.他当上了省长.确定(某事物);证实Thepoli__cantestablishwherehewasatthetime.警方无法确定当时他在哪里.使人接受(信仰﹑风俗﹑求等):Establishedpracti__saredifficulttochange.积习难改.Hissecondnovelestablishedhisfameasawriter.他的第二部小说确立了他作家之名.establishment n[U]设立;建立:theestablishmentofanewcollege新学院的成立.[C]商业机构或大型机关(的房屋建筑):aneducationalestablishment教育机构(如学校)一机构的雇员﹑家庭成员等:Weh__ealargeestablishment.员工编制很大(有许多职工).fen__n栅栏;篱笆;围墙comedownononesideofthefen__ortheother在两者之间做出选择;支持两方中之一方:Thejuryisconsideringitsverdictandwerewaitingtoseewhichsideofthefen__theyllcomedownon.陪审团正在考虑裁决我们等着看他们支持哪一方.sitonthefen__骑墙;持观望态度fen__v1用栅栏﹑篱笆﹑围墙等将(某物)围着或隔开等:Farmersfen__theirfields.农人用篱笆把田地围起.Hislandwasfen__dwithbarbedwire.他的土地用铁丝网围着.2fen____/sthina用栅栏﹑篱笆﹑围墙等围着或圈起某人[某物]:Thegroundsarefen__dintopreventtrespassing.庭院用栅栏围着以防外人进去.b限制某人的自由:Shefeltfen__dinbydomesticroutine.她觉得完全被家务事束缚住了.fen__sthoff用栅栏﹑篱笆﹑围墙等将(某处)隔开:Oneendofthegardenwasfen__doffforchickens.花园的一端已用篱笆隔开来养鸡.fen__v[I]击剑.~with__/sth回避;避免作正面回答:Stopfencingwithmeanswermyquestion!别躲躲闪闪--回答我的问题!fen__rn击剑运动员.fencingn[U]击剑术;击剑运动decreasev(使某物)变小或变少;减少:Studentnumbersh__edecreasedby
500.学生人数减少了500名.decreasen~instha[U]减少;降低:somedecreaseinthecrimerate犯罪率的少许降低.b[C]减少的量:adecreaseof3%intherateofinflation通货膨胀率降低3%Therehasbeenadecreaseinimports.进口货物有所减少.onthedecrease在减少:Iscrimeonthedecrease犯罪案件是否在减少stockn[CU](商店﹑货栈等的)库存物存货:agoodstockofshoes库存充足的鞋Yourordercanbesuppliedfromstock.您订的货可从仓库中提取.[CU]~ofsth供给;供应;贮备量:agoodstockofjokes很多的笑话Stocksoffoodarerunninglow.存的食物越来越少了.also`livestock[U]家畜;牲畜:buysomemorestockforbreeding再买些牲畜来饲养.[CU]公债:gover__entstock公债.a[U](公司的)资本.b[Cusupl通常作复数]股份(不按固定数目发行的有别於shares):investinstocksandshares投资於证券.[U]世系家世血统(以形容词表明所属类型):bornoffarmingstock农民家庭出身.[U](别人的)评价;名声:HisstockishighieHeiswellthoughtof.他的声望很高.[U]原料:paperstock造纸原料[CU](用骨头﹑肉﹑鱼﹑蔬菜等炖成的)汤汁高汤:chickenstock鸡汤[C](仪器﹑工具等的)基座支座手柄:thestockofarifle/plough步枪枪托[犁具手柄[C]树干下部的粗大部分.[C]砧木.stocks[pl]船台(造船或修船的).stocks[pl]足枷(有时附手枷旧时刑具):beputinthestocks被戴上足枷[C]a(旧时男子颈上围的)硬领.b(作为正式骑马服装之配件的)领巾.c(牧师系的)黑领带或紫领带.[CU]紫罗兰.bein/outofstock(商店等中)有[无]现货的:Thebookisin/outofstock.该书有库存[已脱销].H__eyouanygreypulloversinstock你们有灰色套头毛衣的现货吗lockstockandbarrelonthestocks在建造中;在准备中:我们正着手生产一种新的款式可望在秋季面世.Ournewmodelisalreadyonthestocksandwillbe__ailableintheautumn.takestockofsth(商店﹑仓库等)盘点存货takestockof__/sth(对情况﹑某人的能力等)进行检查﹑评估和鉴定stockv储备贮存(货物);保持...之供应:Doyoustockraincoats你们有雨衣存货吗~sthwithsth(以货物﹑牲畜或供应品)供应某处:stockashopwithgoods向商店供货Hehasamemorywellstockedwithfacts.他记着很多事情.stockupon/withsthforsth(为某种需要或目的)储备(某物):stockuponfuelforthewinter贮存燃料以备过冬stockupwithfoodforChrist__s为圣诞节购备食品.equipv-pp-~__/sthwithsth配备;装备:Pleaseequipyourselfwithasharppencilandarubberfortheexam.请准备一枝尖的铅笔和一块橡皮参加考试.Agoodeducationshouldequipyouforlife.有良好的教育能受用终生.equipmentn[U]设备;装备:offi__equipment办公室的设备sportsequipment运动器材afactorywithmodernequipment有现代化设备的工厂.technical adj技术的;应用科学的:atechnicalschool技术学校*atechnicaleducation技术教育.专科的;艺术的;工艺的;技艺的;技巧的:thetechnicaltermsofchemistry化学专业术语(指书等)要求有专门知识的使用术语的专业的:Thearticleisrathertechnicalinpla__s.这篇论文中有些地方相当专业化.严格按法律意义的:technicalassault法律上成立的人身攻击.techniciann技术员;技师;工艺师.巧匠.techniquena[C]技术;方法;手段;(尤指艺术或科学方面的)技法手法技巧:applyingmoderntechniquestoatraditionalcraft将现代技术用於传统手工业.b[U]技能:displayedaflawlesstechnique显示出精湛的技艺.technologyn[U]科技;工艺及应用科学(如工程技术);工艺学;工程学.(工业等方面的)技术应用:re__ntadvan__sinmedicaltechnology医疗技术的新进展thetechnologyofcomputers计算机的工业技术.technologicaladj:a__jortechnologicalbreakthrough主要的技术性突破technologistn技术﹑工艺﹑工程等的专家.measureva~sthup量度;测量(某物):Thetailormeasuredmeupforasuit.裁缝给我量尺寸做衣服.b估计估量(某事物);衡量;判定:没有见过他的作品很难估计他的能力.Itshardtomeasurehisabilitywhenweh__entseenhiswork.为(某体积﹑长度﹑容积等):Theroommeasures10metresacross.这__宽10米.仔细考虑(某事物):Hesa__nwhomeasureshiswords.他是个用词很讲究的人.Shefailedtomeasuretheeffectofheractionsonherfamily.她未虑及其行为对家庭的影响.~sthagainst/withsth/__(通过竞争﹑冲突等)考验某事物较量:measureonesstrengthagainst__else跟别人比力气Youh__etomeasureyourdeterminationwiththatofotherpeople.较量一下决心measureoneslength扑跌在地上measureonesstrengthwith/against__与某人比强弱.measuresthoff量出某物若干长度:Shemeasuredofftwometresofcloth.她量出两米的布measuresthout给予某量的某物:measureoutadoseofmedicine量出一剂药.measureuptosth达到或符合某标准:Thediscussionsdidntmeasureuptomyexpectations.这些讨论有负(我的)期望.measurableadj1可量度的;可测量的;可衡量的.2明显的;重大的:Theresbeenameasureableimprovementinhiswork.他的工作已有很大改进raise va举起升起提起抬起(某物):raiseoneshand举手Heraisedhiseyesfromhiswork.他停下工作举目观看.raiseoneshatto__向某人举帽致敬.b竖起立起扶起(某物[某人]):raisea__nfromhisknees把跪着的男子搀起来~sthtosth增加某物之数量或容量;提高某事物的水平:raisesalariespri__sprofitsetc增加薪水﹑提高__﹑加大利润raiseonesvoi__提高嗓门raisestandardsofservi__提高服务水平raise__shopes点燃某人的希望.引起激起(某事物);使(某事物)产生或出现:raisedoubtsfearssuspicionsetcinpeoplesminds引起人们的怀疑﹑恐惧﹑猜疑等a使(某事)尽人皆知:raisethealarm/alert发出警报Theretortraisedacheerinsupportofthespeaker.发言人这一反驳博得了一片支持的欢呼声b将(某事物)提出讨论或引起注意:Thebookraises__nyimportantissuesforourconsideration.该书提出了许多重要问题(值得考虑).Imgladyouraisedthatpoint.你能把那一点指出来我感到很高兴.召集或集结(某事物);筹措:raisefundsforcharity筹集慈善基金(如藉助於__义卖活动)a养育(孩子等):Iwasraisedbymyauntonafarm.我是在农场由姨妈抚养大的.b饲养(家畜);种植或生产(作物)~sthto__/sth建造或树立(纪念碑﹑雕像等):raiseamemorialtothosekilledinwar立碑纪念战争中的死难者.解除(包围等):raiseablockadeabananembargo解除封锁﹑禁令﹑禁运.与(某人)接触;与(某人)建立__;找到(某人):Icantraiseheronthephone.我打__找不到她.(纸牌戏尤指扑克牌戏中)下赌注超过(对手):Illraiseyou!我超过你(的赌注)!kickup/raiseadust=dust
1.lift/raiseafinger/hand=lift.raiseoneseyebrowsatsth尤用於被动语态表示轻蔑或惊讶:Eyebrowswereraised/Therewere__nyraisedeyebrowswhenhesh__edallhishairoff.他把头发剃光了人人见了都大吃一惊.raiseonesglassto__drinkatoastto__向(某人)祝酒raise__shackles=hackles.raise/startahare=hare.raisealaugh/__ile逗得人大笑[发笑].raise/loweronessights=sight
1.raise__sspirits使某人感到振奋或受到鼓舞;鼓起某人的勇气:Mywinatchessraisedmyspiritsalittle.我赢了这盘国际象棋才打起了一点精神.raisethetemperature加剧紧张气氛﹑敌对情绪等:Thisinsultraisedthetemperatureofthediscussion.这侮辱的言语使讨论的气氛顿时紧张起来.raiseonesvoi__against__/sth坚决而勇敢地发言__某人[某事物].raisenUS=rise13:getaraiseof200获得加薪200英镑.con__rnva是(某人)的事;对...有重要性;影响:Dontinterfereinwhatdoesntcon__rnyou.别管与自己无关的事.b关於(某事物);作为议题:areportthatcon__rnsdrugabuse关於滥用__的报告.~oneselfwith/in/aboutsth忙於(某事);关心(某事):Theresnoneedtocon__rnyourselfwiththis__tter;weredealingwithit.你不用管这事了我们正在处理.使(某人)担忧;使烦恼;打扰:Ourlossesarebeginningtocon__rnme.损失使我担起心来.as/sofaras__/sthiscon__rnedbecon__rnedinsth与某事有牵连或对某事负有责任:Hewascon__rnedinthecrime.他与那起罪案有牵连.becon__rnedtodosth把做某事视为自己的事.becon__rnedwithsth与某事物有关;涉及某事物:Herlatestdocumentaryiscon__rnedwithyouthunemployment.她最近的一部纪录片是关於青年人失业问题的.con__rnedadj~about/forsth/that...担心的;烦恼的;忧虑的:Con__rnedparentsheldameeting.忧心忡忡的家长们开了一次会.Wereallcon__rnedforhersafety.我们都为她的安全担忧.con__rningprep关於(某人[某事物]):alettercon__rningyourcomplaint关於你投诉的信件con__rnna[U]~for/about/oversth/__;~that...担心;忧虑;焦虑;焦急:Thereisnowconsiderablecon__rnfortheirsafety.现在对他们的安全相当担心.b[C]焦虑的原因:我们最忧虑的是他们一直没有得到足够的帮助.Our__incon__rnisthattheyarenotre__ivingenoughhelp.[C]对某人来说是重要的或感兴趣的事物:Whatareyour__incon__rnsasawriter你身为作家对什麽最感兴趣Itsnocon__rnofmine.这事与我无关.[C]企业;公司;商行:ahugeindustrialcon__rn巨大的工业企业Ourlittlecornershopisnolongerapayingcon__rne.我们这个街头小店已赚不到钱了.[C]~insth股份:Hehasacon__rninthebusiness.他在企业中有股份(他是股东之一).treat v~__as/likesth对待某人:Theytreattheirchildrenverybadly.他们对待子女很不好.Youshouldtreatthemwithmoreconsideration.你应该多体谅他们一点.DonttreatmeasifIwereanidiot.别把我当傻瓜.~sthassth把某事物看作;视某事物为:Idecidedtotreathisre__rkasajoke.a探讨讨论(问题):Theproblemhasbeenbettertreatedinotherbooks.这问题在其他书里说得更清楚.b~ofsth(指书﹑讲座等)论及某事物:anessaytreatingofphilosophicaldoubt涉及哲学上有关怀疑的论文.~__/sth;~__forsth医治(人或疾病):Shewastreatedforsunstroke.因中暑接受治疗~sthwithsth(用防护措施或物质)处理某物:treatcropswithinsecticide用杀虫剂处理作物.~__/oneselftosth以某事物(如食物或娱乐)款待某人或使自己获得享受:Shetreatedeachofthechildrentoani__-cream.她请孩子每人吃个冰激凌.~with__与某人谈判:Thegover__entrefusestotreatwithterrorists.当局拒绝与____谈判.treat__likedirt/adog视如草芥:Theytreattheirworkerslikedirt.把工人看得粪土不如treatn1乐事乐趣(尤指意想不到的或难得的):Hersonsvisitsareagreattreatforher.她__来看望她她心里喜滋滋的.2款待;招待;请客:ThisismytreatieIllpay.这次我请客.3aDutchtreat=Dutch.trickortreat=trickn.treatableadj:atreatablecan__r能治疗的癌症.rely vptpprelied~on/upon__/sthtodosth指望或依赖某人[某事物]:现今人们越来越依赖计算机协助工作.Nowadayswerelyincreasinglyoncomputersforhelp/tohelpus.*Youcanrelyuponitthatitwillrainthisweekend.你放心好了本周末一定下雨.Shecannotbereliedonto____thetruth.别指望她能说真话.信任或信赖某人/某事物:Youcanrelyonmetokeepyoursecret.你尽管相信我为你保密advisev~__againststh/doingsth;~__onsth劝告;忠告;建议:Thedoctoradvisedmetotakeacompleterest.医生让(我)完全休息.Theyadvisedheragainst__rryingquickly.他们劝她不要太快结婚.Weadvisedthattheyshouldstartearly/advisedthemtostartearly.建议他们应该及早开始Idadvisetakingadifferentapproach.我建议换个方式.~__ofsth通知或告知某人:货物发出[货物发出时]请通知我们.Pleaseadviseusofthedispatchofthegoods/whenthegoodsaredispatched.hunt1v打猎;猎取(野生禽兽):gohunting去打猎Wolveshuntinpacks.狼是成群猎食的.~forsth/__搜索(某物[某人]);试图找到(某物[某人]):huntforalostbook寻找一本失去的书Poli__arehuntinganescapedcriminal.警方正在追捕逃犯.赶走驱逐(某物);追逐追击(某物):huntthenei___ourscatsoutofthegarden把邻居的猫赶出花园.a(猎狐活动中)随猎狗通过或进入(某区域):huntthecountry在郊野猎狐.b用(马或猎狗)打猎.c带(一群猎狗)打猎.runwiththehareandhuntwiththehounds=hare.hunt__/sthdown对某人[某物]穷追到底:huntdownacriminal追捕罪犯.huntsthout找出(尤指闲置或不复使用之物):huntoutanolddiary找出一本旧日记.huntsthup寻找(指隐蔽而不易发现):huntupreferen__sinthelibrary查找参考资料endangerv危及危害(某人[某事物]);使遭到危险:__okingendangersyourhealth.吸烟危害健康.Thegiantpandaisanendangeredspecies.大熊猫是面临绝种危险的动物.assessv~sthatsth确定评定(某数额):assess__staxes/income评定某人的税额[总收入]确定评定某事物的价值;估价:h__eahouseassessedbyavaluer由估价者给房子估价.~sthassth估计﹑评定某事物的质量:ItsdifficulttoassesstheimpactofthePresidentsspeech.总统讲话的巨大影响很难估计.Idassessyourchan__sasextremelylow.我估计你成功的机会极微.asses__entn1a[U]确定;评定b[C]评价;看法:Whatisyourasses__entofthesituation你对这一情况有什麽看法2[C]核定的付款额:ataxasses__ent税款核定额.assessorn1(评定税款或财产价值等的)评税员估价员.2陪审法官(法庭技术顾问).rangen[C](山﹑丘等连贯而成的)脉排列行:amountain-range山脉.[C]成套或成系列的东西;种类:h__eawide/narrowrangeofinterestshobbies兴趣﹑爱好甚广[不广].Thenewmodelcomesinanexcitingrangeofcolours.这种新式样有各种鲜艳的颜色.*[C](种类或变化的)限度范围幅度程度:Theannualrangeoftemperatureisfrom-10Cto40C.全年的温度较差为-10C至40C.Theresawiderangeofabilityintheclass.这班的水平差距很大.Thatsu__ectisoutsidemyrange那个问题已超出了我的研究范围.a[U]视力或听力所达到的距离;声音所能传送的距离:Itcamewithinmyrangeofvision.该物体进入了我的视野.Shewasoutofrangeofmyvoi__.她在那地方听不见(我的声音).b(枪炮﹑导弹等的)射程:Thegunhasarangeoffivemiles.这炮的射程为五英里.in/within/outof/beyondfiringrange在射程以内[以外]c[C](车辆﹑飞行器等)不再次加油可抵达的距离.[C]a军用射击场arifle-range步枪靶场.b(火箭和导弹的)发射场.[C](某类植物﹑动物等的)生长区分布区.(大__空旷的)狩猎场放牧场.[C](尤指旧式的)炉:akitchenrange厨房中的炉.Rangeva[尤用於被动语态]使某人[某物]排成行或队:观众沿队伍行进的路线排成行.Thespectatorsrangedthemselvesalongtherouteofthepro__ssion.flowerpotsrangedinrowsonthewindow-sill窗台上一排排摆放着的花盆.b~__/oneselfwith__/sth使某人[自己]站在某一方面:OnthisissueshehasrangedherselfwiththeOpposition.在这个问题上她站在__派一边.~betweenAandB/fromAtoB在A和B之间变化或变动;从A延伸到B:Theiragesrangefrom25to
50.他们的年龄在25岁到50岁之间.Hisinterestsrangedfromchesstocanoeing.他的爱好从下国际象棋到划独木舟范围很广.~over/throughsth漫游(某地);漫步:awide-rangingdiscussion内容广泛的讨论cattlerangingovertheplains在平原上来回走动的牛researchrangingoveranumberoffields涉及若干领域的研究~overstha(指枪炮)射程达到(某距离)b(指子弹﹑导弹等)射程达到(某距离).reservev~sthfor__/sth保留或储备某物:Reserveyourstrengthfortheclimb.留点力气准备攀登吧.Theseseatsarereservedforspecialguests.这些座位是留给贵宾的.具有或保持(某种权利);保留:Allrightsreserved版权所有.The__nagementreservestherighttorefuseadmission.资方有权拒绝接纳.预订或保留(座位﹑住处等);订购:reserveticketsrooms预订票﹑__reserveonesjudgmenton__/sth暂不表态(如有待事情明朗化).reserven[Cusupl]储备;储备量:h__egreatreservesofcapitalstock储备有大量资金﹑物资thegoldreserve黄金储备atheReserve预备役__;後备军.breserves[pl]後备__[C]替补队员.[C]a保留用地;(尤指)自然保护区:abirdwildlifereserve鸟类﹑野生动物等保护区.b(土着部落的)专用居留地:Indianreserves印第安部落的居留地(如亚马逊河沿岸的).[U](在同意某计画﹑接受某意见时所加的)限制条件保留:Weac__ptyourstatementwithoutreserve.我们毫无保留地接受你___.[C]alsoreservepri__BritUSupsetpri__底价(尤指拍卖时的):putareserveof£95000onahouse把一所房子的底价定为95000英镑[U]矜持;落落寡合;自制:Foron__shelost/droppedhercusto__ryreserveandbecamequitelively.这次她一反平素的沉默寡言表现得很活跃.*Afewdrinksbrokethroughhisreserve.他喝了点酒之後那矜持态度消失了.inreserve储存;留以备用:fundskept/heldinreserve备用金.re__in v通常不用於进行时态剩下;剩余;遗留:Afterthefireverylittlere__inedofmyhouse.火灾过後寒舍所剩无几Ifyoutake3from85re__ins.8减3剩
5.le__ethere__iningpointsforournextmeeting余下的各点留待下次会议再议.留待以後去看﹑去做﹑去说等:Itre__instobeseenwhetheryouareright.你是否正确以後可见分晓.Muchre__instobedone.要做的事情还很多.停留;逗留;留下:Ire__ininLondonuntil__y.我在伦敦一直呆到五月.SheleftbutIre__inedbehind.她走了我没走.仍然是;保持不变:re__instandingseatedetc一直站着﹑坐着等Here__inedsilent.他保持沉默.Letthingsre__inastheyare.一切保持现状吧.Inspiteoftheirquarreltheyre__inedthebestoffriends.尽管吵过架却仍不失为最好朋友.reach v~forsth;~outto__/sth伸出(手)以触到﹑抓到或拿到某物:Hereachedforhisgun.他伸手去拿枪.Wemustreachouttothoseinneed.我们应该伸出援助之手帮助有困难的人.~sthdown/over;~sthdown/overfor__伸手取某物;把某物递给(某人):CanyoureachmeovermyslippersTheyreunderthebed.你能把我的拖鞋递给我吗~tosth延伸到某处;够得着某物:Icanjustaboutreachtheapplesonthetopbranch.只差一点就能够着最上边树枝上的苹果.Herhairnearlyreacheddowntoherwaist.她的头发几乎垂到了腰部.与某人取得__;(尤指)给(某人)打__Icantreachhimbyphone/onthephone.我打__找不到他.a到达(某人[某物])那里;到达(某处):reachYorkbyoneoclock一点钟到约克reachtheendofthechapter读到这一章的末尾reachaspeedof500mph达到每小时500英里的速度Notasoundreachedourears.我们一点声音都听不见.b(某事物);达到;获得:reachaconclusiondecision做出结论﹑决定Wecanneverreachperfection.我们不可能做到尽善尽美.sthcomesto/reaches__sears=ear
1.hit/__ke/reachtheheadlines=headlinehead
1.reachforthestarsbeveryambitious雄心壮志;野心勃勃.reachn1伸手等可达到的距离:aboxerwithalongreach出拳距离远的拳击手.2[Cusupl](河流两弯曲处或运河两船闸之间的)河段:theupper/lowerreachesoftheThames泰晤士河的上[下]游.3beyond/outof/withinonesreacha手不能及[伸手可及]Theshelfissohighitiswelloutof/beyondmyreach.架子太高我根本够不着b非[为]某人的[某事物的]能力﹑权力﹑影响等所能及:con__ptsbeyondthereachofonesin____igen__本人不能理解的概念withineasyreachof__/sth在可(易於)前往的距离以内:Thehoteliswithineasyreachofthebeach.这家旅馆离海滩很近.reachableadj可到达的;可达到的;能及的;够得着的.prohibitvfml文~sth/__fromdoingsth禁止某事物或某人做某事(尤指以法令﹑规章或条例):__okingisprohibited.禁止吸烟.aregulationtoprohibitparkinginthecity__ntre禁止在市中心区停车的规定使(某事物)成为不可能;阻止:Thehighcostprohibitsthewidespreaduseofthedrug.该药昂贵而影响广泛应用.prohibition n[U]禁止;阻止:Theyvotedinf__ouroftheprohibitionof__okinginpublicareas.他们投票赞成禁止在公共场所吸烟.[C]~againststh禁令;禁律:aprohibitionagainstthesaleoffirearms禁止出售火器的法令.prohibitiveadja禁止使用或__的;禁止性的:aprohibitivetaxonimportedcars对进口小汽车徵收的寓禁税.b(指__等)高得买不起的:Thecostofpropertyinthecityisprohibitive.城里房__的__高得使人望而却步.thatprohibits禁止的:prohibitivelawsroadsigns禁律﹑禁止通行的路标.prohibitivelyadv:prohibitivelyexpensive昂贵得买不起.prohibitor n. 禁止者;阻止者effortn[U](做某事物使用的)力量和精力:Theyliftedthehe__yrockwithouteffort.他们没费劲就把那块沉重的石头抬起来了.Hemustputmoreeffortintohiswork.他必须更加努力工作.[C]~todosth努力;奋斗:Hiseffortsweremuchappreciated.大家都夸他很努力.*Itwasarealefforttostayawakethroughthefilm.真要强打着精神才能看完整部电影.Iwill__keeveryefforttoarriveontime.我将尽一切努力准时到达.[C]努力的结果:ThatsagoodeffortieThathasbeenwelldone.这事干得不错.effortlessadj不需努力的;不费力的:Sheplayswithseeminglyeffortlessskill.她演奏得似乎毫不费力.effortlesslyadv.effortlessnessn[U].appreciate v理解并欣赏(某事物);赏识;高度评价:看翻译作品很难欣赏到外国文学的精髓.Youcantfullyappreciateforeignliteratureintranslation.Ireallyappreciateagoodcupoftea.有好茶一杯我就真乐在其中了.YourhelpwasgreatlyappreciatedieWeweregratefulforit.非常感谢你的帮助.体恤体念体谅(某事物):IappreciateyourproblembutIdontthinkIcanhelpyou.我理解你的困难但却爱莫能助.YoudontseemtoappreciatehowbusyIam.你似乎不能体念我多麽忙.增值;涨价:Localpropertyhasappreciatedinvaluesin__theybuiltthemotorwaynearby.自从附近修建了高速公路本地的__(价值)已经增值.appreciativeadj~ofsth有欣赏力的;表示赏识的;感激的:anappreciativeletterau___n__look感谢信﹑表示欣赏的观众(或听众)﹑赏识的神情Immostappreciativeofyourgenerosity.我对你的慷慨感激之至.appreciativelyadv.appreciationn[U]欣赏:Sheshowslittleornoappreciationofgoodmusic.她对好音乐鲜有或没有欣赏能力.[U]感激;感谢:Pleaseac__ptthisgiftinappreciationofallyouvedoneforus.多蒙鼎力协助无任感谢.谨备薄礼敬请哂纳.[C](尤指书面的)鉴定鉴别评价评论:anappreciationofthepoetswork对诗人作品的评论.[U]增值;涨价:Thepoundsrapidappreciationiscreatingproblemsforexporters.英镑急速升值给出口商造成困难.。