还剩3页未读,继续阅读
文本内容:
电大《文学英语赏析》期末复习重点参考资料小抄
1.FiguresofSpeech修辞格P15-19Simile明喻onethingiscomparedwithanotherusuallyusingthewordlikeas.Metaphor暗喻:whenwe__keadirectcomparisonbetweenoneideaandanotherunrelatedidea.Alliteration头韵:whenthesameconsonantsound辅音isrepeatedinwordseithernexttoorclosetoeachother.Assonan__半韵:Assonan__referstotherepetitionofsimilarvowelsounds元音closetoeachother.Personification拟人whenanon-ani__te(无生命)o__ectisgivenani__te(有生命)characteristics.Paralleli__排比whenweh__eanidenticalstructurerepeatedoneormoretimes.IronyandSarca__讽刺:Ononelevelaperson’swordsdonot__tchtheirintention;onanotherlevelironyreferstothetotalsituation.Punsandwordplay双关:有发音双关和词义双关
2.句子或单词的正式程度degreesoffor__lity:veryinfor__l–infor__l—neutral中性—for__l---veryfor__l单词general普通---specific(特殊)
3.theShortStory六要素P29Plot情节opening–development---cli__x/crisis__–anticli__x—coda(结尾)TheSniper阻击手小说故事发生地点onarooftopnearO’ConnellBridgeP32Setting地点referstothephysicallocationandthebackgroundinfor__tionaboutthereasonfor____ingthestoryandinfor__tionwe__yneedaboutthe__incharacterorcharactersP36Characterization人物刻画:appearan__外貌,dialogue对话,beh__ior行为P39PointofView角度,视角P41-421firstpersonnarrative第一人称代表作TheParingknife2“Iamacamera”thirdpersonnarrative照相机式第三人称代表作TheSniper3thirdpersonnarrativeseenfromonlyoneofthecharacters’pointofview代表作Night4thirdpersonnarrativeseenfromtwoormoredifferentcharacters’pointofview代表作Rosary5thirdpersonomniscient无所不知的narrative代表作Yours
4.TimeStructure时间结构P44-451thelinear顺叙theactionpro__edsasinrealtimeoneeventfollowsanother代表作TheSniper和Roomforonemore2theflashback(倒叙),usuallyworksbystartingastoryatapointinthere__ntpastthenswitchingtheactionbacktoanearliertimefartherbackinthepast.Attheenditwillusuallybringusbacktothesametimezonewestartedfrom.代表作TheParingknife和BluebellsandAutumnLe__es和WordsLongUnspoken3themovingpoint__点whenthewritershiftsabruptlybackandforthbetweendifferenttimezones.代表作Mother
5.ShortStory短篇小说
5.1HillsLikeWhiteElephant《白象似的群山》P51__ErnestHemingway:Americannovelistandshortstorywriter.NobelPrizeWinner诺贝尔文学奖1954获得者.文体风格prosestyle---economicaldirectandimmediate.故事地点atrainstationinSpain故事内容一对情侣在火车站等车时,两人在小店喝一种licori__苦艾酒饮料,双方为了abortion(堕胎)不愉快经历
5.2The__nWhoTalkedtoTrees《和树交谈的人》P54__Alan__ley他的作品还有WordsLongUnspoken《好久没有说的话》
5.3)Eveline《伊芙林》P57__JamesJoy__:Irishnovelistpoetoneoftheinnovativewritersofthe20th__ntury.__sterofstreamofconsciousness意识流__代表作Dubliners《都柏林人》,Ulysses《尤利西斯》,InFinnegan’sWake《为芬尼根守灵》故事内容Itpresentsuswiththedilem__进退两难ofayounggirlEvelinelivingasadomesticsl__etoherviolentfatherandyoungersiblings兄弟,whohasthechan__toescapetoanewlifewithherlover.
5.4Thief《小偷》__RobleyWelsonP
595.5PaperPills《纸丸》P62__SherwoodAnderson:writerbetweentwowars代表作Wine__urgOhio《俄亥俄州温斯堡》
6.Novels长篇小说
6.1AChrist__sCarol《圣诞颂歌》P66__Charles____ens主人翁aoldmiser吝啬鬼,Scrooge
6.2HeartofDarkness《黑暗的心》P68__JosephConrad故事内容Theadventurer__rlow在Thames河口向一群水手介绍去CongoRiver探险寻找一位神秘人Kurtz
6.3)LordoftheFlies《苍蝇王》P72__Golding:NobelPrizeWinner诺贝尔文学奖1983获得者.故事内容agroupofschoolboyssurviveanair-crash(空难),后来__成两派,正方代表有RalphPiggySimon反方代表以Jack为首,最后正方失败故事结尾出现cruiser巡洋舰,暗示着人类好战破坏的价值观thewarlikedestructivevaluesof_____LordoftheFliesisadystopla反面___Golding__kesandintertextualreferen__(映射)tothe19th__nturynovelforboys—CoralIsland珊瑚岛byR.M.Ballantinewhichpresentsanoptimisticro__nticizedidealisticstoryofsomeboysshipwrecked船只失事onacoralisland.
6.4JaneEyre《简爱》P74__CharlotteBronte主人翁JaneEyre和Mr.Rochester她小说主题themes---passionatelovelovefora__rried__nwo__nasanindependentagentina__le-dominatedworld.JaneEyre曾经当过governess(家庭教师)
6.5)ThePearl《珍珠》P77__Steinbeck:NobelPrizeWinner诺贝尔文学奖1974获得者故事内容Kinoapoorfisher__n因为得到一个硕大珍珠,最后家破人亡
6.6)TheStrangeCaseofDr.JekyllandMr.Hyde《杰克医生和海德先生的奇案》P81故事内容杰克白天是一名受人尊敬的医生,晚上服用一种药物,就变成无恶不作的坏人海德先生,最后药物失控,事情败露,自杀
6.7)ABurnt-OutCase《病毒发尽的病例》__GrahamGreeneP
876.8WideSargassoSea《茫茫沧海》__JeanRhysP90WideSargassoSeatakesthestoryofJaneEyreandre-____sitfromthepointofviewofthefirstMrs.Rochester.《茫茫沧海》是从《简爱》中Rochester第一任妻子角度改写的故事
6.9)The__yorofCasterbridge《卡斯特桥市长》__Tho__sHardyP93Hardysetsmostofhisnovelsin“Wessex”—aregionofEngland
6.10ThePictureofDorianGray《道林-格雷的肖像》__OscarWildeP
946.11TheOld__nandtheSea《老人与海》__ErnestHemingwayP96小说主题Itisanovelaboutthestrengthenduran__andcunningin____igen__ofone__npitted(反抗)againstthefor__sofnature.
6.12)GreatExpectations《远大前程》__Charles____ensP98小说主人翁Pipapoororphan孤儿,和__gwitchaconvict(罪犯)
7.Non-Fiction演说,散文
7.1)TheGetty__urgAddress《葛底斯堡演说》P104演说者AbrahamLincoln林肯演说时间Nov.191863演说目的toreinfor__加强theprinciplesof_______forallforwhichthewarisbeingfought.Heurgeshislistenersto__kesurethatthosewho___dinthisgreatbattleshouldnoth__e___dfornothing.演说开头Fourscoreandsevenyearsagoourfathers….
7.2IH__eaDream《我有一个梦想》P109演说者__rtinLutherKingJr演说时间Aug.281963演说地点attheLincolnMemorial(林肯纪念堂)inWashingD.C.演说开头FivescoreyearsagoagreatAmerican….
7.3SpeechOntheGrantingofIndianIndependen__《庆祝印度__演说》P112演说者JawaharlalNehru尼赫鲁演说时间August
1419477.4OfStu___s《论学习》__;FrancisBacon(培根)P___《论学习》中一些名句Stu___sservefordelightforornamentandforability.Craftymencontemnstu___s______menadmirethemandwisemenusethem.Somebooksaretobetastedotherstobeswallowedandsomefewtobechewedanddigested.Reading__kesafull__n;conferen__aready__n;andwritingandexact__n.Histories__kemenwise;poetswitty;the__the__ticssubtile;naturalphilosophydeep;moralgr__e;logicandrhetoricabletocontend.Bowlingisgoodforthestoneandreins;shootingforthelungsandbreast;gentlewalkingforthesto__ch;ridingforthehead;andthelike.
8.Poetry诗歌P118TypesofPoetry诗歌种类
8.1)LyricalPeoms:抒情诗toexpressstrongemotionalfeelings代表作Rain《雨》P
1198.2)NarrativePoems:叙事诗to____astory代表作TheRimeoftheAncient__riner《一个老水手的故事》P119__SamuelTaylorColeridge
8.3)Elegies:挽诗tocommemorate悼念someonewhohas___d代表作Stopalltheclockscutoffthetelephone《钟停下来,__线切断》__W.H.AudenP
1208.4)Confessionalpoetry:自白诗toexplorethepoet’sinnerworldandfeelings.代表作TheDeadHeart《一颗死心》:__Anne___ton代表作家RobertLowellAllenGin__ergSylviaPlathJohnBerry__nAnne___ton.自白诗主题revelationsabout_____dnesshallucinations幻想,drugs_______outrageousfeelings—andpartlybytherawdirectway.影响最大的两人D.H.Lawren__和WaltWhit__n惠特曼的代表作Le__esofGrass《草叶集》
8.5)PoetryofObservation:观察诗todescribeinper__ptivewaysano__ectorperson代表作FindingaSheep’sSkull《找到一个山羊头骨》__Fran__sHorovitzP
1238.6)ProtestPoetry:__诗tocriticizeorprotestagainstsomethingorsomeone代表作LoveYourEnemy《爱你的敌人》RelativeSadness《相对悲伤》P
1248.7)SatiricalPoetry:讽刺/挖苦诗tomockpeopleor__nners代表作HowtoDealwiththePress《怎样应对媒体》__WendyCopeP
1248.8)ComicPoetry:喜剧诗toamusepeopleand__kethemlaugh.代表作家EdwardLear和OgdenNash代表作Therewasanold__nofCalcuttla《加尔格达有一位老人》Awordtohu__ands《对丈夫说的话》P
1258.9)TheBallad民谣P126格律abcb代表作TheRimeoftheAncient__riner《一个老水手的故事》ThestreetsofLaredo《Laredo 大街》
8.10)TheSonnet十四行诗P127Shakespearean莎士比亚十四行诗格律ababcdcdefefgg
8.11)Quatrain四行诗P127Haiku绯句3lines三行分别有5,7,5个syllables(音节)
8.12)Cinquain五行诗P128代表作《Dan__r》《Heisold》《Parting》.五行诗五行分别有2,4,6,8,2个syllables(音节)
8.13)TheLimerick五行打油诗:格律aabbaP
1308.14VisualPoetry视觉诗P130代表作《40-love》(__GeorgeHerbert)和《TheWall》
8.15FreeVerse自由诗P131定义Itisnotconstrainedbyanyoftheusualfor__ldiscipline.Itdoesnoth__etorhymeorobeyrulesofmetreorlinelength.代表诗人D.H.Lawren__
8.16补充诗歌《TheChargeoftheLightBrigade》P138__TennysonPoetLaureate(桂冠诗人)《BalladofReadingGaol》__OscarWildeP140《WildNights!WildNights!》__Emily____insonP141《Words》__Anne___tonP141《BeGladYourNoseisonYourFa__》__JackPrelutskyP142《TheWarPro__ss》__BenjaminZephaniahP143《InterruptiontoaJourney》__Nor__n__cCaigP143《TheOwl》__EdwardTho__sP144《TooSoon》____ryYarnallP144《Coat》__VickiFe__erP145《Leisure》__W.H.D__iesP146《TheWall》视觉诗__AbdulGhafarIbrahimP
1469.Dra__戏剧
9.1Comedy喜剧P149-152代表作TheImportan__ofBeingEarnest《诚实的重要性》__OscarWilde主人翁LadyBracknellJackWorthing故事内容Itisabouttwoyoungmengettingengaged订婚totwoyoungwomen.
9.2Tragedy悲剧代表作__cbeth《麦克白》P152__WilliamShakespeare主人翁__cbethLady__cbeth莎士比亚四大悲剧HamletKinglear__cbethOthello.
9.3TheatreoftheAbsurd荒诞剧P154代表作TheDumbWaiter《升降机》__HaroldPinter诺贝尔文学奖2005获得者主人翁Ben和Gus故事内容Twomenareinthebasement(地下室)ofahouseorrestaurant.戏剧语言:Thelanguageisveryspareandbriefbutitseemstoh__ehiddenmeanings.
9.4TheatreofSocialCommentary社会评论剧P157代表作AnInspectorCalls《巡官登门》__J.B.Priestley:acommittedsocialist(____者)戏剧主题toshowhowhypocritical虚伪anduncaring漠不关心oftheproperty-owningclasses资产阶级
9.5)HistoricalDra__历史剧P159代表作:TheCrucible《炼狱》__ArthurMiller主人翁AbigailJohnProctorElizabeth戏剧主题TheplayissetinNewEnglandattheendof17th__ntury.Itcon__rnsarealhistoricalincidentinvolvingwithcraft魔法andanattackof__sshysteria歇斯底里
9.6)补充戏剧P164-173《IntheNativeState》__TomStoppard《TheBirthday_____》__HaroldPinter《TheMerchant》__ArnoldWesker请删除O∩_∩O谢谢ForeignersflocktoChinaspor__laincapitalPreservingtheancienttraditionsForeignersflocktoChinaspor__laincapital___gdezhenraisespor__lainstandardCityslonghistoryoffine__ramicsluresfollowersfromacrosstheworldreportPengYiningandHuKaiyongin___gdezhenJiangxiprovin__.Dressedinpaint-stainedcoverallsChinaDeLaVegaeasilyn__igatedthe__zeofalleywaysrunningalongsidea__ramicsfactoryin___gdezhenJiangxiprovin__.The31-year-oldAustralianpotterandpainterwoundherwaythrougharmiesofone-meter-high__ramicBuddhasandpilesofpor__lainshardswhilenoddinggreetingstotheworkersandresidents.Shesaidthelocalsareusedtoseeingforeignersin___gdezhenChinaspor__laincapitalwherefine__ramicsh__ebeenprodu__dformorethan1700yearsattractingnumerouspor__lainpilgrimsfromacrosstheglobe.UnlikehugeChinesemetropolisessuchasBei___gandShanghai___gdezhenisaprefecture-levelcitywithnobarstreetsorinternationalstoresthatarepopularamongexpatriates.ButdespiteitslackofWesternchainstores___gdezhenisoneofthemostinternationalcitiesininlandChinawith__ramicstudiosownedbyforeignersdottingthestreetsthesurroundingcountrysideandevenremotemountaintops.Whenshefirstvisitedthecityin2011DeLaVegawasimpressedbythediscardedpie__sofpor__lainshefoundlyingaround.Idugout__nypie__sfromthesoilaroundthe__ramicsworks-alltheoldBuddhaheadshandsandfeetwhichIrebuiltintonewsculpturesandusedinmynextexhibitioninAustraliashesaid.Ilovethispla__becausethepro__ssof__king__ramicsisaverypea__fulone.Visa-freepolicybrings_______biztouri__boost.__kingnationalheadlinesseveraltimes_______s72-hourvisa-freepolicyhasattractedwideattentionfrombothChineseandforeignexpertsandbusines__ensin__ittookeffectonSept1lastyear.Theprogrampermitscitizensfrom51countriesandregionsincludingtheUnitedStatesAustraliaCanadaandJapanwhoh__evalidvisasandflightticketstoathirdcountrytospendthreedaysinthecity.ThecapitalofSichuanprovin__isthefirstcityinthewesternregionofChinatoofferforeigntouristsathree-dayvisaandthefourthnationwidetoadoptthepolicyfollowingShanghaiBei___gandGuangzhou.LiZhiyongdeputydeanofthetouri__instituteatSichuanUniversitysaidthemovecontributestoalargeincreaseinthenumberofoverseastouristsandraisesthecityslevelofinternationalization.ThepolicywillalsobringdirecteconomicrevenueLisaid._______has__nyculturallegaciesandisalsoaparadiseforpandaloverswiththeworldslargestbreedingandresearch__nter.Threedaysarelongenoughforforeignvisitorstovisitthoseiconictouristspotshenoted.Thecityishometothere__insofthe___shacivilizationthatdatesbackmorethan3000yearsaswellastheQingchengMountainsandtheDujiangyanirrigationsystem.Qingchenghaslongbeenrecognizedasthebirthpla__ofTaoi__ChinasancientindigenousreligionwhileDujiangyanisconsideredtobetheoldestfunctioningwater-controlprojectintheworld._______rankedthirdintouristfacilities__nagementandservi__samong60Chinesecitiesinacustomersatisfactionsurveyreleasedlastyear.ButLiaddedthateffortsarestillneededtodevelopmoretouri__productsimproveEnglishservi__sandprovideaccuratetranslationoftrafficsignsands__nicbillboards.ZhaoYunchairwo__nofBritishChamberofCommer__SouthwestChinatoldChinaDailythathiscolleaguesfoundthepolicyveryconvenient.ABritishclienton__flewhereandstayedforjustonedaytocheckherorderedgoodsshesaid.ZhaowasborninShanxiprovin__butshehaslivedin_______formorethan10years.Mylifewaslikearunningra__movingfrompla__topla__.IalsolivedinBei___gandShanghaibeforeshesaid.But_______isapla__thatyouneverwanttole__eon__settlingdown.Itisnowmysecondhometownshesaid.Iftheenviro__entisfurtherimprovedthecitywillattractmorepeopletovisitandlivewiththe72-hourvisa-freepolicyandcompellingconditionsintransportationculturecli__teandcuisinehesaid.Foreignersalsog__epositivefeedbackonthepolicy.Aspoke__anfromDellIncsaidthecompanyhasaglobalhubofoperationin_______sothethree-dayvisahasanimmediateandpositiveinfluen__onthecompanysbusinessdevelopment.RudyButtignolpresidentofthepublicbroadcastingcompanyinBritishColumbiaCanadasaidhisworkrequiresfrequenttr__elto_______andthepolicy__kesthetripseasier.Datafromthecityspublicsecuritybureaushowssome100foreignvisitorsenjoyedthe72-hourpolicybytheendof__rchmostofthemfromtheUnitedStatestheUnitedKingdomandGer__ny._______alsoreportedrobustgrowthinitsoveralltouristindustrylastyear.Officialstatisticsshowthatitre__ivedsome150milliontouristslastyearanincreaseof28per__ntfrom
2012.Around
1.7millioncamefromabroadanincreaseof12per__nt.Totalrevenuefromtouri__surpassed133billionyuan$
21.7billion.DuringhisvisittoKazakhstaninSeptemberChinesePresidentXi___pingproposedthatChinaand__ntralAsiajoinhandstobuildaSilkRoadeconomicbelttoboostcooperation.Theideahasbeenwidelyechoedin__ntralAsiancountriesbecominganencouragingblueprintforChineseareasalongtheSilkRoadthathaslinkedAsiaandEuropeformorethan2000years.InthenextthreeweeksChinaDailyreporterswilltr__elthroughthebeltinChinaandinKazakhstanUzbekistanandTurkey.Theywillshowtheprogressandexpectationsofthecountriesbusinessesandpeoplesontheroute.Shaanxi-thestartoftheancientSilkRoad-haspositioneditselfasthenewstartingpointforthedevelopmentoftheSilkRoadEconomicBeltwhichwillstrengthenChinascooperationwith__ntralAsiancountriesaseniorofficialsaid.ShaanxiGovernorLouQinjiansaidtheprovin__isfreshrichanduniqueasitwaswhenitanchoredoneendoftheancientSilkRoad.ItisthebestoptionforaccommodatingindustrialtransfersfromEastChinaortheworldatlargehesaidonWednesdayinXian.Louheldajointinterviewwith27mediaincludingChinaDailythefirstinaseriesofinterviewsentitledChineseMediaAlongtheSilkRoad.TheinterviewswillbeinShaanxiandGansuprovin__sandtheXinjiangUygurautonomousregionaswellasKazakhstanUzbekistanandTurkey.ThemediagroupheldthefirstinterviewonWednesdaymorninginXianthestartingpointoftheancientSilkRoadatradechannelestablishedmorethan2000yearsagolinkingChina__ntralAsiaandEurope.Thepursuitofbeautyisacommongoal formostwomenwhethertheyliveinthemodernworldtodayorinthemodesttimesofthepast.Thepursuitofbeautyisalsoalife-longjourneysomethingthatde__ndspe rseveran__andcommitment.Summerishereandsoarethe hottemperatureshumid airandharmfulUVrays.MostChinesewomenperferfairercomplexionswhichmeanstheyh__etodomoreworktostaybeautifulduringthehottesttime oftheyear.HoweverwithoutSPF50sunscreensandairconditionedroomshowdid womeninancientChina copewiththeheatandre__inbeauty-conscious Inthisarticleyoulldiscoverthatasidefromtodaysbotoxandfa__liftsthere aremuchmorethatancientwisdomhastooffer.。