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英语动词时态(豫英实验学校预初英语备课组整理200710)
一、英语中不同时间和方式发生的动作或状态要用谓语动词的不同形式来表示这种动词形式称作动词时态动作或状态发生的时间可以有现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种,而发生的方式也有一般、进行、完成和完成进行四种(即初中英语的八种时态)动词时态beh__edo一般现在时IamI/You/We/Theyh__eI/You/We/TheyworkHe/SheisHe/She/Ali__hasHe/She/Ali__worksWe/You/Theyare现在进行时h__edoIamh__ingIamworkingHe/Sheish__ingHe/She/Ali__isworkingYou/We/Theyareh__ingYou/We/Theyareworking现在完成时beh__edoI/You/We/Theyh__ebeenI/You/We/Theyh__ehadI/You/We/Theyh__eworkedHe/She/Ali__hasbeenHe/She/Ali__hashadHe/She/Ali__hasworked一般过去时beh__edoI/He/She/Ali__wasI/You/We/They/He/She/Ali__hadI/You/We/They/He/She/Ali__workedWe/You/Theywere过去进行时h__edoI/He/She/Ali__wash__ingI/He/She/Ali__wasworkingWe/You/Theywereh__ingWe/You/Theywereworking过去完成时beh__edoI/You/We/They/He/She/Ali__hadbeenI/You/We/They/He/She/Ali__hadhadI/You/We/They/He/She/Ali__Hadworked一般将来时beh__edoI/You/We/They/He/She/Ali__willbeI/WeshallbeI/You/We/They/He/She/Ali__willh__eI/Weshallh__eI/You/We/They/He/She/Ali__willworkI/Weshallworked过去将来时I/You/We/They/He/She/Ali__wouldbeI/You/We/They/He/She/Ali__wouldh__eI/You/We/They/He/She/Ali__wouldwork
二、八种时态具体分析
1、一般现在时态a.表示经常性或习惯性的动作b.现在的特征或状态c.普遍真理d.有些表示状态和感觉的动词如belovelikehatewanthopeneedpreferwishknowunderstandrememberbelieveguessbelongseemlookh__esoundsoundtaste,__elltouchfeel等常可用于一般现在时态e.表示未来的时间状语从句或条件状语从句用一般现在时态f.一般现在时态还用在布告、天气预报、报纸、电台(says)掌握一般现在时态,还请记住下列单词或词语alwaysusuallyoftensometimeseverydaymorningweekeveryotherday每隔一天everythreedayson__twi__aweekmonthyearinthemorningg.表示按计划或时刻要发生的事情
2、一般将来时态a.表示将要发生的动作或情况b.表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事情掌握一般将来时态的用法,请记住下列单词和短语InthreedaysanhourhalfayearnextweekMondaymonthtomorrowthisafternooneveningcomingSaturday-,soonsomedaytonight等等
3、一般过去时a.一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况(惯性的动作)b.在谈到已死人的情况时多用过去时态c.有些情况,发生的时间不很清楚,但实际上是过去发生过的,应当用过去时态
(1)接到你的信很高兴Iwasgladtogetyourletter.
(2)最后的比分怎么样?Whatwasthefinalscore
(3)你觉得他们的表演怎么样?Howdidyouliketheirperfor__n__
(4)我没想到你这样忙Ididn’tknowyouweresobusy
(5)我以为你出去了Ithoughtyouwereout.
(6)我没想到在这里碰到你Ididn’texpecttomeetyouhere.
(7)你说什么?Whatdidyousay掌握一般过去时态的用法,请记住下列单词或短语last+时间点;时间段+ago;yesterdayjustnowtheotherday前几天
4、过去将来时表示从过去某时看将要发生的事情
5、现在进行时a.表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作b.在不少情况下,表示正在进行的动作的汉语句子,并没有“正在”这样的字,在翻译英语时必须用进行时态例1工作进行的怎么样?Howareyougettingonwithyourwork2风挺大(下雨了)It’sblowinghard.raining3你等谁?Whomareyouwaitingforc.在一般现在时态中所列的表示状态和感觉的动词,一般不能用于进行时态,因为它们不能表示正在进行的动作,但是如果词义转变,表示一个正在进行的动作,就能够用于进行时态试比较表示状态或感觉表示正在进行的动作DoyouseeanyoneoverhereAreyouseeingsomeoneoff?Ihearsomeonesinging.AreyoufeelingwelltodayWhatdoyouthinkofit?Whatareyouthinkingabout?Helookswelltoday.Heislookingafterhislittlesister.d.去向性动词的现在进行时可以表示将要发生的动作但这仅限少量动词,如gocomele__estartarrivereturn等e.在there和here引起的句子中,常可用一般现在时态代替现在进行时态Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.汽车来了Theregoesthebell.=Thebellisringing.__响了f.在某些情况下两种时态都可以
(1)DoseyourleghurtIsyourleghurting腿疼吗?
(2)Mybackaches.Mybackisaching我背疼
6、过去进行时a.表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作b.过去进行时和一般过去时的差别是前者表示正在进行的动作,而后者表示一个完成的动作例
(1)Iwasreadinganovellastnight.昨晚我在看小说(可能没有看完)
(2)Ireadanovellastnight.昨晚我看了一本小说(可能看完了)
7、现在完成时表示现刻以前发生的动作或情况,可以是a.到现在为止的这一时期中发生的情况(可能是多次动作的总和,也可以表示状态和习惯性动作)b.对现状有影响的某一发生的动作c.但有一个表示过去某时的状语(包括when)时,不能用现在完成时,而多用一般过去时d.当有一个表示到现在为止这段时间的状语时,多用现在完成时e.在有alreadyyetjusteverneversin__--for+一段时间,bynowinthepastlastfewyearssofar强调“多少”,“多久”等词的情况下用现在完成时f.在单纯谈一个过去的动作,不涉及其他对象的影响时,通常用一般现在时;如果谈论一件已经发生的事情,不考虑它是何时发生的,而主要考虑对现在的影响,则多用现在完成时例Didyougetupveryearly?你起来的早吗?Hashegotup他起来了吗?注意h__ebeento去过某个地方,已返回h__egoneto去某个地方了h__ebeenin去了某地多久(在某地多久)
8、过去完成时a.表示过去某时前已经发生的动作或情况(也可以说是“过去的过去”)b.在很多情况下没有明显的时间状语,时间由上下文表示出来,这是过去完成时表示的动作较另一动作先发生c.应当记住,过去完成时是一个相对的时态,表示的是过去的过去只有在和过去某时或动作相比较时才用到它在包含whenassoonasbeforeuntilnowthat等连词的复合句中,如果主要谓语和从句谓语表示的过去动作是在不同时间发生的,那么先发生的动作通常用过去完成时但如果两个动作紧接着发生,则通常不用过去完成时特别是在包含before和after的复合句中
三、时态综合练习
1.________theactor________speakGer__nwell
2.Theoldlady____________gohomefromthesuper__rketwhenIsawhertheotherday.
3.He____________lendyouthiscalculatorassoonashe_________finishhis__thsexercises.
4.Thetrain____________comecanyou_________seeit
5.He_____________methathe__________gotoseehistwinsinBeijingthenextSaturday.
6.Sorry.I__________keepyou________waitsolong.
7.Dontletthelittlegirl_________goalone.Itstoolate.
8.He_____________walkwithacamerainthestreetwhenI________seehimyesterday.
9.She_______________notwriteareportat2:00yesterdayafternoon.She___________writealettertoherparents.
10.Myaunt______________tr__elalotlastyear.
11.WhenthepeopleinAthens___________learnthegoodnewsthey_______beproudofthemselves.
12.___________jumpintoalargeholeassoonashe_______seethebear.
13.Theship_________just_________returnfromtheSouthPole.Thescientists_______________collectmuchinfor__tion.
14.I___________re__ivehislettersin__lastyear.
15.How__nytimes_________he_______readthebook.
16.He____________liveinthenorthforthreeyears.Nowhe_________beusedtocoldweather.
17.Mother________already__________buyabottleofShampoobutshe____________notgotanydrinksyet.
18.They__________gocampingifthey_________befreetomorrow.
19.Closeyourbooks.I____________askyousomequestions.
20.We____________le__esecondaryschoolinamonth.
21.I________notseeyouforalongtime.Where______you________be
22.We_______________kefriendssin__webegantostudyatmiddleschool.
23.Look!ThestudentsofClassThree_____________h__eatestincomputerscien__.
24.Thesummerholiday_________comesoon.Thestudents_________thinkoftr__eling.
25.Where___________beyourmonitorHe___________readintheclassroom.
26.Listen!Who____________sing
27.Where___________beLipingHe____________gohome.
28.We_________planttreesinspringeveryyear.
29.__ry____________already________finishherwork.Nowsheisplayingtheviolin.
30.Mysisterteachesinamountainvillage.She________workveryhard.
31.__nypeopleintheworld________speakEnglishfluently.
32.Everyone________enjoytheSpringFestivalespeciallythechildren.
33.I________seeMrandMrsGreenoffattheairporttomorrow.
34.Thestudents________borrowbooksfromthelibraryon__aweek.
35.He________writeareportforthenewspaperlastnight.
36.We________buildanewbigtheatrenextmonth.
37.Itwaseightintheevening.Xiaoling________dohishomework.
38.Light__________tr__elmorequicklythansounddoes.
39.Ifhe____________forgettobringhiskeyhewontbeabletogetintotheroom.
40.I_________throwthebrokenglassawayalready.
41.Itsquartertoeight.Thestudents_________hurrytoschool.
42.We_________visitShanghaiCarShowthiscomingSunday._____you______joinus
11.Thedoctor__________outmybedtoothjustnow.
2.Rose__________herenow.Perhapsshe___________totheschoollibrary.
3.Whenthey__________thestationyesterdaythetrain________already__________.
4.Weoften____________arecorderinourEnglishclass.
21.Theypromised答应they________morecarefulthenexttime.
2.Computers_________thelifeofeveryoneinthecomingfuture.
3.Themeeting_________untilthehead__ster________.
4.He___________mehewouldcomebacksoon.
5.Listen!Thebell____________.
31.Keepsilent!Thestudents_____________anEnglishlesson.
2.ThistimelastyearTomandJack___________inEurope.
3.Itsasunnydayagain!It___________forquitealongtime.
4.There__________nooneinthereadingroomafewminutesago.
5.Theforeignfriendswatchedthechildren___________pictureswithgreatinterest.
41.__ry___________doingherhomeworkalready.
2.MrWhite__________PudongNewAreasoon.
3.Theworkers____________thefactoryatthattime.
4.The__chines___________onshowforamonth.
5.Sound___________340metresasecondintheair.
6.Heoften_________upearlywhenhewasaboy.
51.Mike___________mewithmyphysicstonight.ButIdontknowwhyhehasntcomeyet.
2.It_________hardwhenhe__________meup.
3.MikeandJohnsroom____________overthere.
4.----What________you________amomentago----I___________apictureamomentago.
5.LipingandZhonghuausually__________waterforGrand__Wangintheafternoon.
6.Theyoungestgirl_________here.Idontknowwhereshe_________.
61.Mother_____________backinafewminutes.
2.What________you_________thistimeyesterday
3.We______________ourselveslastSunday.
4.Myfather___________inthisfactorysin__
1976.
5.Listen!Who______________inthenextroom
6.Iwill____herassoonasher___________back.
7.Dont__keanynoiseplease.Myfather___________now.
8.He___________quitafewfriendssin__hecamehere.
71.Howlongdoesit________theearthto__keatriparoundthesun
2.We__________someforeignersaroundtheScienceMuseumtomorrow.
3.Lipingisnthere.He___________TVinthenextroom.
4.Thefootballgamebeganwhenwe___________supper.
5.They__________eachotherbefore.
6.There__________ashortbreakafterthisclass.
81.Mr__ith______________atschoolsin__
1990.
2.MrWhite___________tosomeparentswhenI_________him.
3.Agroupofforeigners__________theirschoolnextyear.
4.Iwassurprised_________heronthetrain.
5.--What__________lastnight--Somethieves___________intothehouseandtheTVset________.notbeusereachgole__epulltouchcomeringnotstartbe____h__edrawnotrainbetr__elberunfinishgetvisittr__elhelpcallberainnotcomedodrawcarrynotbegobesingworkenjoydocomesleep__keshownotseewatchbeh__etaketalkmeetvisithappenteachstealseebreak。