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一一、句子成分
(一)句子成分的定义构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语
(二)主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首但在therebe结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示例如Duringthe1990sAmericancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.(名词)WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.(代词)One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.(数词)Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.(不定式)__okingdoesharmtothehealth.(动名词)Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名词化的形容词)Whenwearegoingtoh__eanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.(主语从句)Itisne__ssaryto__steraforeignlanguage.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)
(三)谓语谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后谓语的构成如下
1、简单谓语由一个动词或动词短语构成如Hepracti__srunningeverymorning.
2、复合谓语
(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成如You__ykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.
(2)由系动词加表语构成如Wearestudents.
(四)表语表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如bebecomegetlookgrowturnseem等)之后表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示例如OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(名词)Isityours(代词)Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容词)Thespeechisexciting.(分词)Threetimessevenistwentyone(数词)HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)Hishobby(爱好)isplayingfootball.(动名词)The__chinemustbeoutoforder.(介词短语)Timeisup.Theclassisover.(副词)Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(表语从句)
(五)宾语宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面例如Theywenttoseeanexhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)Thehe__yrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.(代词)How__nydictionariesdoyouh__eIh__efive.(数词)Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.(名词化形容词)Hepretendednottoseeme.(不定式短语)Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.(动名词短语)Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffi__.(宾语从句)宾语种类
(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如Lendmeyourdictionaryplease.
(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.
(六)宾语补足语英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整带有宾语补足语的一般句型为某些及物动词(如__ke等+宾语+宾补)宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当例如HisfathernamedhimDongming.(名词)Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.(形容词)Letthefreshairin.(副词)Youmustn’tfor__himtolendhismoneytoyou.(不定式短语)Wesawherenteringtheroom.(现在分词)Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.(介词短语)Wewillsoon__keourcitywhatyourcityisnow.(从句)
(七)定语修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语定语可由以下等成分表示Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容词)Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.(分词)Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.(名词)HisrapidprogressinEnglish__deussurprised.(代词)Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(不定式短语)Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(动名词)HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.(介词短语)
(八)状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语可由以下形式表示Lighttr__elsmostquickly.(副词及副词性词组)Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.(介词短语)Heisproudtoh__epassedthenationalcollegeentran__examination.(不定式短语)Heisintheroom__kingamodelplane.(分词短语)Waitaminute.(名词)On__youbeginyoumustcontinue.(状语从句)状语种类如下Howaboutmeetingagainatsix(时间状语)Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedan_______becauseoftherain.(原因状语)Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.(条件状语)Mr.__ithlivesonthethirdfloor.(地点状语)Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.(方式状语)Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.(伴随状语)InordertocatchupwiththeothersImustworkharder.(目的状语)Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.(结果状语)Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.(让步状语)Iamtallerthanheis.(比较状语)练习
一一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分
1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.
2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.
3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.
4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!
5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.
6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.
7.Hetook__nyphotosofthepala__sinBeijing.
8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.
9.Heistole__eforShanghaitomorrow.
10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.
11.He__nagedtofinishtheworkintime.
12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvi__.
13.Hefounditimportantto__sterEnglish.
14.Doyouh__eanythingelsetosay
15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.
16.Wouldyouplease____meyouraddress
17.Hesattherereadinganewspaper.
18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.
19.Henoti__da__nentertheroom.
20.Theapplestastedsweet.
二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语(—)、谓语(=)、宾语(~)Ihopeyouareverywell.Imfinebuttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandImhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearfortheri__harvestsoeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.Wegrowri__inthesouthoftheStatesbutinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Weh__ealotof__chinesonthefarm.AlthoughthefarmislargemyDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesntoftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresultweh__etowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.
三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语(—)、状语(=)、补语(~)MostSaturdayeveningsthereisa_____evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoften__keusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.Itsgreat!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.IdontbecauseIh__etodrivehomeafterthe_____.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.How__nydifferenttimeareasdoyouh__einChinaWellImuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.
四、选择填空
1.____willle__eforBeijing.A.Nowtherethe__nB.The__nherenowC.The__nwhoisherenowD.The__nisherenow
2.Theweather____.A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold
3.Theappletasted____.A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.ni__lyD.sweet
4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.latter
5.Theactor______attheageof
70.A.deadB.___dC.dyedD.deaded
6.____wereallverytiredbutnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.A.WeusB.UsweC.WeourD.Wewe
7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowdedD.crowdedly
8.Ithink_____ne__ssarytolearnEnglishwell.A.itsB.itC.thatD.thatis
9.Thedog______d.A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglookedD.waslooked
10.Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.where句子结构简单句的五个基本句型主语+不及物动词Shecame./Myheadaches.主语+及物动词+宾语ShelikesEnglish.主语+系动词+主语补语Sheishappy.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语Sheg__eJohnabookSheboughtabookforme.主语+宾补动词+宾语+宾语补语She__keshermotherangry.Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.(There+beThereliesabookonthedesk.)分析下列句子成分
1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.
2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou
3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.
4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.
5.Hebrokeapie__ofglass.
6.He__deitclearthathewouldle__ethecity.
7.---Iloveyoumorethanher,child.
8.Teesturngreenwhenspringcomes.
9.Theypushedthedooropen.
10.Grand__toldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.
11.Hewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisfriends.
12.Allthestudentsthinkhighlyofhisteaching
13.Weneedapla__twi__largerthanthisone.
14.HeaskedustosinganEnglishsong.
15.Dontgetnervous,helpyourselftowhatyoulike.
16.Wewill__keourschoolmorebeautiful.
17.Hedidntcome.Thatiswhyhedidntknow.
18.Sheshowedusher__nyofherpictures.
19.Theold__nlivesalonelylife.
20.Luckilythe19__earthquakedidnothappeninthe__nteroftown.
21.Thecars__deinJapanarebetterthanthoseinGer__ny.
22.Thereareso__nypeopleinthehallthatitshardformetofindhim.
23.No__tterhowdifficultthetask__ybewemustfulfillitthismonth.
24.Gobackwhereyoucamefrom.
25.Wemustdowhateverthepeoplewantustodo.
26.Atlasthegothometiredandhungry.
27.Wouldyoupleasepassmethecup28__ryhandedherhomeworktotheteacher.
29.Doyouknowthelatestnewsabouthim
30.I’llgetmyhaircuttomorrow.翻译练习主谓结构(主语+不及物动词)1你应当努力学习2她昨天回家很晚3那天早上我们谈了很多4会议将持续两个小时5在过去的十年里,我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化6这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生71919年,在北京爆发了“五.四”运动8每天八时开始上课9这个盒子重五公斤10五年前我住在北京主谓宾结构(主语+及物动词+宾语)1昨晚我写了___2今天下午我想同你谈谈3这本书他读过多次了4他们成功地完成了计划5你们必须在两周内看完这些书6那位先生能流利地说三种语言7我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信8Jim还不会自己穿衣服9我们大家都相信Jack是一个诚实男孩10他不知道说什麽好主系表结构(主语+系动词+表语)1我的兄弟都是大学生2冬季白天短,夜晚长3布朗__看起来很健康4十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了5孩子们,请保持安静6这本书是有关美国___书7她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童8他失业了9树叶已经变黄了10这个报告听起来很有意思双宾语结构(主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)1Johnson先生去年教我们德语
2.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事
3.__ry把钱包交给校长了
4.请把那本字典递给我好吗?
5.他把车票给列车员看
6.这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了
7.我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车
8.RobinsonCrusoe给自己做了一只小船
9.请你给我弄一本新的,好吗?
10.我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗?复合宾语结构(主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语)1我们叫她Ali__.2他的父母给他取名为John.3我们大家都认为他是诚实的4他们把门推开了5他们把小偷释放了6我们要使学校变得更美丽7他请我们参加做游戏8我要你把__告诉我9卫兵命令我们立即离开10明天我要找人来修理机器11每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语12痛苦使得他叫喊起来13我们不会让她在晚上外出的14他每个月理一次发15我要请人把我的录音机修理一下16那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了17她正在听人家讲故事18男孩子们都在看士兵们操练19我从来没看见这个字这样用过20他感到很难跟你交谈21我想乘船去那里更舒服些22我认为有可能用另一种方法解题23学校定了一条规则,开始上课时学生要起立24我认为与那个人谈话是无益的Therebe句型1今晚没有会2这个村子过去只有一口井3这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师4客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人5天气预报说下午有大风6灯亮着,办公室里肯定有人7战前这儿一直有家电影院的8恰好那时房里没人9从前,在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫10公共汽车来了11就只剩下__八美元了12在这个山洞前面长着一棵高大的松树13铃响了14二月份有__八天答案
一、
1、主语,定语;
2、间接宾语;
3、谓语,状语;
4、定语;
5、状语,状语;
6、定语,表语;
7、宾语,状语;
8、谓语,主语;
9、谓语;
10、主语,表语;
11、谓语,宾语;
12、状语;
13、形式宾语,真正宾语;
14、宾语、定语;
15、插入语,状语;
16、宾语间宾+直宾;
17、状语,状语;
18、形式主语,表语,宾补;
19、宾补;
20、表语
四、1~5___BB6~10ACBAB分析下列句子成分
1.主语+系动词+表语
2.主语+系动词+表语
3.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语
4.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
5.主语+及物动词+宾语
6.主语+动词+形式宾语it+宾语补足语+宾语
7.主语+及物动词+宾语
8.主语+系动词+表语
9.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语
10.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
11.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语12主语+及物动词+宾语
13.主语+及物动词+宾语
14.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语
15.主语+系动词+表语
16.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语
17.主语+系动词+表语
18.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
19.主语+不及物动词
20.主语+不及物动词
21.主语+系动词+表语
22.主语+系动词+表语
23.主语+及物动词+宾语
24.主语+不及物动词
25.主语+及物动词+宾语
26.主语+不及物动词
27.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
28.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
29.主语+及物动词+宾语
30.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语翻译练习主谓结构(主语+不及物动词)1Youshouldstudyhard.2Shewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening.3Thatmorningwetalkedagreatdeal.4Themeetingwilllasttwohours.5Greatchangesh__etakenpla__inmyhometowninthepasttenyears.6Thingsofthatsortarehappeningallovertheworldeveryday.7The__yFourthMovementbrokeoutinBeijingin
1919.8Classesbeginateighteveryday.9Thisboxweighsfivekilos.10IlivedinBeijingfiveyearsago.主谓宾结构(主语+及物动词+宾语)
1.Iwrotealetterlastnight.
2.Iwanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.
4.Theyh__ecarriedouttheplansuc__ssfully.
5.Youmustfinishreadingthesebooksintwoweeks.
6.Thatgentlemencanspeakthreelanguagesfluently.
7.Ire__ivedaletterfrommypenfriendinAustralia.
8.Jimcannotdresshimself.
9.AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.
10.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.主系表结构(主语+系动词+主语补语)1Mybrothersareallcollegestudents.2Inwinterthedaysareshortandthenightsarelong.3Mrs.Brownlooksveryhealthy.4Attheageoffifteenhebecameafamouspianist.5Childrenkeepquietplease.6ThisbookisaboutthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.7Herjobistolookafterthechildreninthenursery.8Heisoutofwork.9Thele__esh__eturnedyellow.10Thereportsoundsinteresting.双宾语结构(主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)1MrJohnsontaughtusGer__nlastyear.2Grand__toldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.3__ryhandedthewallettotheschool__ster.4Wouldyoupleasepassmethedictionary5Heshowedthetickettotheconductor.6ThistermIh__ewrittenthreeletterstomyparents.7Myfatherhasboughtmeanewbike.8RobinsonCrusoe__dehimselfaboat.9Willyoupleasegetmeanewcopy10ShallIcallyouataxi复合宾语结构(主语+宾补动词+宾语+宾语补语)1WecallherAlice.2HisparentsnamedhimJohn.3Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4Theypushedthedooropen.5Theyh__esetthethieffree.6Wewill__keourschoolmorebeautiful.7Heaskedustojoininthegame.8Iwantyouto____methetruth.9Theguardsorderedustole__eaton__.10TomorrowI’llh__esomeonerepairthe__chine.11EverymorningwehearhimreadEnglishaloud.12Thepain__dehimcryout.13Wewon’tlethergooutatnight.14Hehashishaircuton__amonth.15I’llgetmyrecordermended.16Theterriblesound__dethechildrenfrightened.17Sheislisteningtosomeone____ingstories.18heboyswerewatchingthesol___rsdrilling.19Ih__eneverseenthewordusedthatwaybefore.20Hefeltitverydifficulttotalkwithyou.21Ithinkitmorecomfortabletogotherebyship.22Iconsideritpossibletoworkouttheprobleminanotherway.23Theschool__deitarulethatthestudentsshouldstandupwhenclassbegins.24Ithoughtitnousetalkingwiththat__nTherebe句型1Thereisn’tgoingtobeameetingtonight.2Therewasonlyawellinthevillage.3Thereisareateacherofmusicandateacherofartintheschool.4AmongthegueststhereweretwoAmericansandtwoFrenchmen.5Theweather__nsaysthere’llbeastrongwindintheafternoon.66Thelightison.Theremustbesomeoneiontheoffi__.7Thereusedtobeacine__herebeforethewar.8Therehappenedtobenobodyintheroom.9On__therelivedanoldfisher__ninavillagebythesea.10Therecomesthebus.11Therere__inedjusttwenty-eightdollars.12Infrontofthec__etherestandsgrowsatallpinetree.13Theregoesthebell.14Therearetwenty-eightdaysinFebruary版本二句子结构成份讲解及练习主语就是一个句子陈述的对象,或是动作的执行者它回答的是“谁”“什么”的问题如我看书谁看书?“我”“我”就是这句子的主语主语由名词或相当于名词的词充当(如动词不定式,动名词,代词都可作主语,主语从句)主语(su__ect):句子说明的人或事物Thesunrisesintheeast.(名词)Helikesdancing.(代词)Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.数词Seeingisbelieving.(动名词)Toseeistobelieve.(不定式)Whatheneedsisabook.(主语从句)Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)谓语说明主语是什么,干什么,怎么样它回答的是主语“干什么,是什么”的问题如上句中主语“我”干什么?“看书”“看书”就是谓语一个句子,一般都可分成主、谓两大部分(祈使句是省主句)再细分又可分成谓语(动词)、宾语,表语,补语(包括宾补和主补),定语,状语,同位语等如第一例中谓语部分可划分成谓语(看)和宾语(书)谓语部分中心词一定要是一个动词,要么是行为动词,要么是系动词,不同的动词构成不同的句子类型句子的各种时态、人称和数的变化都在谓语动词上变谓语(predicate):说明主语的动作、状态和特征WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.宾语指谓语动词所涉及的对象,由名、代、数,宾语从句等相当于名词的词句充当,但人称代词要用宾格如还说上例谓语动词是“看”,看什么?看“书”,“书”是动词“看”所涉及的对象,是“看”的宾语需要说明的是只有及物动词和介词或相当于及物动词和介词的短语才可带宾语宾语1)动作的承受者-----动宾IlikeChina.(名词)Hehatesyou.(代词)How__nydoyouneedWeneedtwo.(数词)Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.(动名词)Ihopetoseeyouagain.(不定式)Didyouwritedownwhathesaid(宾语从句)2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾AreyouafraidofthesnakeUnderthesnowthereare__nyrocks.3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)Heg__emeabookyesterday.Givethepoor__nsomemoney.表语是和系动词紧密相连的在陈述句中系动词后面的就是表语,这就是“主系表”结构作表语的也是名词性的词,也可以是从句表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征Heisateacher.(名词)Seventy-four!Youdon’tlookit.(代词)Fiveandfiveisten.(数词)Heisasleep.(形容词)Hisfatherisin.(副词)Thepictureisonthewall.介词短语Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.(形容词化的分词)Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoorIcan’tbuyaring.(不定式)Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.(表语从句)(常见的系动词有:besound(听起来)look(看起来)feel摸起来,__ell(闻起来)taste(尝、吃起来)re__in(保持,仍是)feel(感觉)...Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.Hervoi__soundssweet.Tomlooksthin.Thefood__ellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorre__insopen.NowIfeeltired.定语修饰限定名词、代词的词,说明所修饰词的性质、特征等,如atallboy中,tall修饰boytall是boy的定语可作定语的有形容词、名词、副词、定语从句、分词等不定代词的定语一律后置定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.(名词)Heisourfriend.(代词)Webelongtothethirdworld.(数词)Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(形容词)The__noverthereismyoldfriend.副词Thewo__nwithababyinherarmsismysister.介词TheboysplayingfootballareinClass
2.(现在分词)Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.(过去分词)Ih__eanideatodoitwell.(不定式)YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.(定语从句)状语修饰动词、副词、形容词甚至整句,说明谓语动作发生的时间、地点、方式、伴随状况、目的等等如他在灯下看书“在灯下”是状语补语补充说明主语或宾语的成份补充说明主语的叫主语补足语,补充宾语叫宾语补足语如他把我逗笑了He__demelaugh.主语he;谓语__de;宾语me;宾补laugh.补语和它补充说明的成份之间有逻辑上的主谓关系,这可以把它和其它成份区分开如上句宾语me和宾补laugh之间,laugh的动作是me来做的这就是一种逻辑上的主谓关系把这两部分单拿出来可以成一句完整的话,即Ilaughed宾补对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语Weelectedhimmonitor.(名词)Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.(名)Wewill__kethemhappy.(形容词)Wefoundnobodyin.副词Please__keyourselfathome.介词短语)Don’tlethimdothat.(省to不定式)Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(带to不定式)Don’tkeepthelightsburning.(现在分词)I’llh__emybikerepaired.(过去分词)主补对主语的补充Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.语法是句子的框架,学语法应该说是学习语言的一个捷径相对而言,句子的灵魂是词汇,学习是个__积累过程,词汇积累更是如此学习也要讲究方法,活学活用,在运用中记忆,不能死记硬背另外,语言都有些相通的地方,结合母语对照学习也很有效Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.Hestu___shardtolearnEnglishwell.Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.Ifyoustudyhardyouwillpasstheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyounghecandoitwell.简单句的五个基本句型主语+不及物动词Shecame./Myheadaches.主语+及物动词+宾语ShelikesEnglish.主语+系动词+主语补语Sheishappy.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语Sheg__eJohnabook.Sheboughtabookforme.主语+宾补动词+宾语+宾语补语She__keshermotherangry.Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.(There+beThereliesabookonthedesk.)Exercises分析下列句子成分
1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.
2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou
3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.
4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.
5.Hebrokeapie__ofglass.
6.He__deitclearthathewouldle__ethecity.
7.---Iloveyoumorethanher,child.
8.Teesturngreenwhenspringcomes.
9.Theypushedthedooropen.
10.Grand__toldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.
13.Weneedapla__twi__largerthanthisone.
14.HeaskedustosinganEnglishsong.
15.Dontgetnervous,helpyourselftowhatyoulike.
16.Wewill__keourschoolmorebeautiful.
17.Hedidntcome.Thatiswhyhedidntknow.
18.Sheshowedusher__nyofherpictures.
19.Theold__nlivesalonelylife.
20.Luckilythe19__earthquakedidnothappeninthe__nteroftown.
21.Thecars__deinJapanarebetterthanthoseinGer__ny.
22.Thereareso__nypeopleinthehallthatitshardformetofindhim.
23.No__tterhowdifficultthetask__ybewemustfulfilitthismonth.
24.Gobackwhereyoucamefrom.
25.Wemustdowhateverthepeoplewantustodo.
26.Atlasthegothometiredandhungry.
27.Wouldyoupleasepassmethecup28__ryhandedherhomeworktotheteacher.
29.Doyouknowthelatestnewsabouthim
30.I’llgetmyhaircuttomorrow.翻译练习主谓结构(主语+不及物动词)1你应当努力学习2她昨天回家很晚3那天早上我们谈了很多4会议将持续两个小时5在过去的十年里,我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化6这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生71919年,在北京爆发了“五.四”运动8每天八时开始上课9这个盒子重五公斤10五年前我住在北京主谓宾结构(主语+及物动词+宾语)1昨晚我写了___2今天下午我想同你谈谈3这本书他读过多次了4他们成功地完成了计划5你们必须在两周内看完这些书6那位先生能流利地说三种语言7我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信8Jim还不会自己穿衣服9我们大家都相信Jack是一个诚实男孩10他不知道说什麽好主系表结构(主语+系动词+表语)1我的兄弟都是大学生2冬季白天短,夜晚长3布朗__看起来很健康4十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了5孩子们,请保持安静6这本书是有关美国___书7她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童8他失业了9树叶已经变黄了10这个报告听起来很有意思双宾语结构(主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)1Johnson先生去年教我们德语
2.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事
3.__ry把钱包交给校长了
4.请把那本字典递给我好吗?
5.他把车票给列车员看
6.这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了
7.我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车
8.RobinsonCrusoe给自己做了一只小船
9.请你给我弄一本新的,好吗?
10.我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗?复合宾语结构(主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语)1我们叫她Ali__.2他的父母给他取名为John.3我们大家都认为他是诚实的4他们把门推开了5他们把小偷释放了6我们要使学校变得更美丽7他请我们参加做游戏8我要你把__告诉我9卫兵命令我们立即离开10明天我要找人来修理机器11每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语12痛苦使得他叫喊起来13我们不会让她在晚上外出的14他每个月理一次发15我要请人把我的录音机修理一下16那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了17她正在听人家讲故事18男孩子们都在看士兵们操练19我从来没看见这个字这样用过20他感到很难跟你交谈21我想乘船去那里更舒服些22我认为有可能用另一种方法解题23学校定了一条规则,开始上课时学生要起立24我认为与那个人谈话是无益的Therebe句型1今晚没有会2这个村子过去只有一口井3这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师4客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人5天气预报说下午有大风6灯亮着,办公室里肯定有人7战前这儿一直有家电影院的8恰好那时房里没人9从前,在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫10公共汽车来了11就只剩下__八美元了12在这个山洞前面长着一棵高大的松树13铃响了14二月份有__八天KEYS分析下列句子成分
1.主语+系动词+表语
2.主语+系动词+表语
3.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语
4.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
5.主语+及物动词+宾语
6.主语+动词+形式宾语it+宾语补足语+宾语
7.主语+及物动词+宾语
8.主语+系动词+表语
9.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语
10.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
11.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语12主语+及物动词+宾语
13.主语+及物动词+宾语
14.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语
15.主语+系动词+表语
16.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语
17.主语+系动词+表语
18.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
19.主语+不及物动词
20.主语+不及物动词
21.主语+系动词+表语
22.主语+系动词+表语
23.主语+及物动词+宾语
24.主语+不及物动词
25.主语+及物动词+宾语
26.主语+不及物动词
27.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
28.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
29.主语+及物动词+宾语
30.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语翻译练习主谓结构(主语+不及物动词)1Youshouldstudyhard.2Shewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening.3Thatmorningwetalkedagreatdeal.4Themeetingwilllasttwohours.5Greatchangesh__etakenpla__inmyhometowninthepasttenyears.6Thingsofthatsortarehappeningallovertheworldeveryday.7The__yFourthMovementbrokeoutinBeijingin
1919.8Classesbeginateighteveryday.9Thisboxweighsfivekilos.10IlivedinBeijingfiveyearsago.主谓宾结构(主语+及物动词+宾语)
1.Iwrotealetterlastnight.
2.Iwanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.
4.Theyh__ecarriedouttheplansuc__ssfully.
5.Youmustfinishreadingthesebooksintwoweeks.
6.Thatgentlemencanspeakthreelanguagesfluently.
7.Ire__ivedaletterfrommypenfriendinAustralia.
8.Jimcannotdresshimself.
9.AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.
10.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.主系表结构(主语+系动词+主语补语)1Mybrothersareallcollegestudents.2Inwinterthedaysareshortandthenightsarelong.3MrsBrownlooksveryhealthy.4Attheageoffifteenhebecameafamouspianist.5Childrenkeepquietplease.6ThisbookisaboutthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.7Herjobistolookafterthechildreninthenursery.8Heisoutofwork.9Thele__esh__eturnedyellow.10Thereportsoundsinteresting.双宾语结构(主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)1MrJohnsontaughtusGer__nlastyear.2Grand__toldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.3__ryhandedthewallettotheschool__ster.4Wouldyoupleasepassmethedictionary5Heshowedthetickettotheconductor.6ThistermIh__ewrittenthreeletterstomyparents.7Myfatherhasboughtmeanewbike.8RobinsonCrusoe__dehimselfaboat.9Willyoupleasegetmeanewcopy10ShallIcallyouataxi复合宾语结构(主语+宾补动词+宾语+宾语补语)1WecallherAlice.2HisparentsnamedhimJohn.3Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4Theypushedthedooropen.5Theyh__esetthethieffree.6Wewill__keourschoolmorebeautiful.7Heaskedustojoininthegame.8Iwantyouto____methetruth.9Theguardsorderedustole__eaton__.10TomorrowI’llh__esomeonerepairthe__chine.11EverymorningwehearhimreadEnglishaloud.12Thepain__dehimcryout.13Wewon’tlethergooutatnight.14Hehashishaircuton__amonth.15I’llgetmyrecordermended.16Theterriblesound__dethechildrenfrightened.17Sheislisteningtosomeone____ingstories.18heboyswerewatchingthesol___rsdrilling.19Ih__eneverseenthewordusedthatwaybefore.20Hefeltitverydifficulttotalkwithyou.21Ithinkitmorecomfortabletogotherebyship.22Iconsideritpossibletoworkouttheprobleminanotherway.23Theschool__deitarulethatthestudentsshouldstandupwhenclassbegins.24Ithoughtitnousetalkingwiththat__nTherebe句型1Thereisn’tgoingtobeameetingtonight.2Therewasonlyawellinthevillage.3Thereisareateacherofmusicandateacherofartintheschool.4AmongthegueststhereweretwoAmericansandtwoFrenchmen.5Theweather__nsaysthere’llbeastrongwindintheafternoon.66Thelightison.Theremustbesomeoneiontheoffi__.7Thereusedtobeacine__herebeforethewar.8Therehappenedtobenobodyintheroom.9On__therelivedanoldfisher__ninavillagebythesea.10Therecomesthebus.11Therere__inedjusttwenty-eightdollars.12Infrontofthec__etherestandsgrowsatallpinetree.13Theregoesthebell.14Therearetwenty-eightdaysinFebruary版本三一.主语主语su__ect是一个句子的主题theme,是句子所述说的主体它的位置一般在一句之首可用作主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子1.名词作主语如Atreehasfallenacrosstheroad.一棵树倒下横在路上Littlestreamsfeedbigrivers.小河流入大江2.代词用作主语如You’renotfarwrong.你差不多对了Hetoldajokebutitfellflat.他说了个笑话,但没有引人发笑3.数词用作主语如Threeisenough.三个就够了Fourfromsevenle__esthree.7减4余34.名词化的形容词用作主语Theidlearefor__dtowork.懒汉被迫劳动Oldandyoung__rchedsidebyside.老少并肩而行5.副词用作主语如Nowisthetime.现在是时候了Carefullydoesit.小心就行6.名词化的介词作主语如Theupsanddownsoflifemustbetakenastheycome.我们必须承受人生之沉浮7.不定式用作主语如Tofindyourwaycanbeaproblem.你能否找到路可能是一个问题Itwouldbeni__toseehimagain.如能见到他,那将是一件愉快的事8.动名词用作主语如__okingisbadforyou.吸烟对你有害Watchingafilmispleasure__kingoneishardwork.看电影是乐事,制作影片则是苦事9.名词化的过去分词用作主语如Thedisabledaretore__ivemoremoney.残疾人将得到更多的救济金Thede__ased___dofoldage.死者死于年老
10.介词短语用作主语如ToBeijingisnotveryfar.到北京不很远FromYenantoNanniwanwasathree-hourrideonhorseback.从延安到南泥湾要三个小时
11.从句用作主语如:Wheneveryouarereadywillbefine.你无论什么时候准备好都行BecauseSallywantstole__edoesn’tmeanthatweh__eto.___萨利要走因而我们也得走
12.句子用作主语如”Howdoyoudo”isagreeting.“你好”是一句问候语二.谓语谓语predicate或谓语动词predicateverb的位置一般在主语之后谓语由简单动词或动词短语(助动词或情态动词+主要动词)构成1.由简单的动词构成
1.Whathappened发生了什么事?
2.Heworkedhardalldaytoday.他今天苦干了一天
3.Theplanetookoffatteno’clock.飞机是十点起飞的2.由动词短语构成的谓语
1.Iamreading.我在看书
2.What’sbeenkeepingyouallthistime这半天你在干什么来着?
3.Youcandoitifyoutryhard.你努力就可以做到3.英语常用某些动作名词代替表动态的谓语动词,表生动这种动作名词之前常用没有多大意义的动词h__egettakegive等如
1.Ihadaswimyesterday.我昨天游了一次水(hadaswim代替了swam)
2.Takealookatthat!你看看那个!(takealook代替了look)
3.Heg__easigh.他叹了口气(g__easigh代替了sighed)
4.Igotagoodshake-up.我受到了很大的震动(agoodshake-up代替了wasshakenupthoroughly充分,彻底的)三.表语表语的功能是表述主语的特征、状态、身份等它也可以说是一种主语补语它位于__动词之后,与之构成所谓的系表结构在系表结构钟,__动词只是形式上的谓语,二真正起谓语作用的则是表语可以作表语的词有名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句等1.TheweddingwasthatSunday.婚礼是在那个星期天__的(名词)2.Sothat’sthat.____(代词)3.Weareseven.我们一共7人(数词)4.Areyoubusy你有空吗?(形容词)5.Areyouthere你在听吗?(__用语)(副词)Isanybodyin里面有人吗?(副词)6.AllIcoulddowastowait.我只能等待(不定式)Myanswertohisthreat(威胁)wastohithimonthenose.我对他的威胁的回答是照他的鼻子打去(不定式)7.Complimenting(赞美,祝贺)islying.恭维就是说谎(动名词)Isthataskingsomuch这是要的高了吗?(动名词)8.Iwassomuchsurprisedatit.我对此事感到很惊讶(过分)I’mverypleasedwithwhathehasdone.我对他所做的很满意(过分)9.Sheisingoodhealth.她很健康(介词短语)Theshowisfromseventillten.演出时间为7点至10点(介词短语)10.Isthatwhyyouwereangry这就是你发怒的原因吗?(从句)11.ThisiswhereIfirstmether.这就是我初次与她会面的地方(从句)补充能做系动词的实义动词comegorunturngetbecomekeepstay__ke表变化的动词fell,sound__elllooktaste(感观动词)seemappear似乎,好像例如1.Ourdreamhascometrue.我的梦想实现了(Come后常加easyloosenatural等)
2.Hefellsick.他病了Keepfit.保重Keep作为系动词还常接quiet,calm,cool,well,warm,silent,clean,dry3.Thewellrandry.这口井干枯了(shortloosewildcold等)4.Athinpersonalwaysseemstobetallerthanhereallyis.一个瘦个子似乎比他的实际高度要高些四.宾语宾语(o__ect)在句中主要充当动作的承受者,因此一般皆置于及物动词之后如Ourteambeatalltheothers.我们的球队打败了所有其他球队可以用作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、名词化的分词、从句等1.Doyoufancyadrink你想喝一杯吗?(名词)2.Theywon’thurtus.他们不会伤害我们(代词)3.Ifyouadd5to5youget
10.5加5等于10(数词)4.Ishalldomypossible.我将尽力而为(名词化形容词)5.Helefttherelastweek.他上个星期离开了那里(副词)6.Doesshereallymeantole__ehome她真的要离开家吗?(不定式)7.Heneverdidtheunexpected想不到的,意外的.他从不做使人感到意外的事(名词化的分词)8.DoyouunderstandwhatImean你明白我的意思吗?(从句)扩展宾语中有些动词需要两个同等的宾语,即直接宾语directo__ect与间接宾语indirecto__ect直接宾语一般指动作的承受者,间接宾语指动作所向的或所为的人和物(多指人),具有这种双宾语的及物动词叫做与格动词dativeverb常用的有answerbringbuydofindgetgivehandkeeple__elend__keofferowepasspayplaypromisereads__esellsendshowsingtake等,间接宾语一般须与直接宾语连用,通常放在直接宾语之前如Ih__efoundhimapla__.我给他找到了一个职位五.补语补语(complement)是一种补足主语和宾语的意义的句子成分补足主语意义的句子成分叫做主语补语(su__ectcomplement)补足宾语意义的句子成分叫做宾语补语(o__ectcomplement).
1.容词用作主语补语是常置于主语之前,后有逗号TiredandsleepyIwenttobed.我又累又困,就去睡了有时可以置于主语之后,前后都有逗号,与非限定性定语相似如The__ncruelbeyondbeliefdidn’tlistentotheirpleadings.那人不可置疑地残酷,不听取他们的恳求
2.可以用做宾语补语的有名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等
1.TheynamedthechildJimmy.他们将孩子命名为吉米(名词用作并与补语)
2.Mymotherlookssoyoungthatyouwouldthinkhermysister.我的母亲面很嫩,你会以为她是我的姐姐(名词短语作宾语补语)
3.Heboiledtheegghard.她将鸡蛋煮老了(形容词用作宾语补语)
3.Ifoundthebookveryinteresting.我发现那本书很有趣(形容词短语用作宾补)
4.ThecomradeswantedDr.Bethunetotakecover.同志们要白求恩大夫隐蔽一下(不定式用作宾语补语)
5.IcallthisrobbingPetertopayPaul.我把这个叫做拆东墙补西墙(动名作宾补
6.Don’ttakehiskindnessforgranted.不要把他的友善看作是当然的事六.定语定语是用来说明名词(代词)的品质与特征的词或一组词可用作定语的有形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句和句子等1.形容词用作定语是大量的
(1).Sheisanaturalmusician.她是一位天生的音乐家
(2).Hemustbethebestviolinistalive.他一定是最好的在世的小提琴手了(后置定语)
2.名词用作定语如
(1).Ababygirl女婴
(2).wellwater井水
3.Sportscar双座轻型汽车
(4).Afool’sparadise梦幻的天堂2.代词作定语
(1).Yourhairneedscutting.你该理发了(物主代词用作定语)
(2).Everybody’sbusinessisnobody’sbusiness.人人负责就是无人负责(不定代词所有格作定语)3.数词作定语
(1).There’sonlyonewaytodoit.做此事只有一法
(2).Doitnowyou__ynotgetasecondchan__.现在就干吧,你可能再没有机会了基数词用作后置定语page24Room201theyear
19494.副词充当定语时常后置,如theroomabove楼上的__theworldtoday今日世界thewayout出路adayoff休息日5.不定式用作定语
(1).Herpromisetowritewasforgotten.她忘记了答应写信的事
(2).That’sthewaytodoit.那正是做此事的方法6.动名词用作定语.Awalkingstick拐杖sleepingpills___eatingimplements吃饭用具learningmethod学习方法7.分词充当定语asleepingchild正在睡中的小孩adrinking__n嗜酒者aretiredworker一个退休工人afadedflower一朵谢了的花7.介词短语用作定语
(1).Thisisa__pofChina.这是一幅中国地图
(2).Thewildlookinhiseyesspokeplainerthanwords.他那凶暴的目光说明得再清楚不过了8.从句用作定语,即定语从句Thecarthat’sparkedoutsideismine.停在外面的车是我的YourcarwhichInoti__doutsidehasbeenhitbyanotherone.我在外面看见你的汽车了,它给另一辆车撞了七.同谓语当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分,前者就叫做后者的同谓语(appositive).这两个句子成分多由名词(代词)担任,同谓语通常皆放在其说明的名词(代词)之后1.名词用作同谓语是大量的
(1).Weh__etwochildrenaboyandagirl.我们有两个孩子,一男一女
(2)WetheChinesepeoplearedeterminedtobuildChinaintoapowerfulandprosperouscountry.我们中国人民决心将中国建成一个强大的繁荣的国家2.代词用作同谓语
(1)Theyallwantedtoseehim.他们都想见他
(2)Let’syouandmegotoworkOliver.咱们俩去工作吧3.数词用作同谓语
(1)Areyoutwoready你们俩准备好了吗?
(2)Theytwowentwethreestayedbehind.他们俩去了,我们三个留了下来4.不定式与动名词用作同谓语
(1)Theirlatestproposaltocon__ntrateonpri__ryeducationhasmetwithsomeopposition.他们最近提出了集中全力于初等教育的提议遭到了某些人的__
(2)Thefirstplanattackingatnightwasturneddown.第一个计划是夜袭,被拒绝了5.Of短语用作同谓语ThecityofRome罗马城theartofwriting写作艺术Thevi__of__oking吸烟嗜好6.从句用同谓语,即同谓语重句
(1)Thenewsthatweareh__ingaholidaytomorrowisnottrue.明天放假的消息不确
(2)Wearenotinvestigatingthequestionwhetherheistrustworthy.我们不是在调查他是否可信赖的问题八.状语状语(adverbial)是修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分如1.Thegirlisimprovingre__rkably.这个女孩大有进步2.可用作状语的有副词、名词、代词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、从句等
(1)副词最常用作状语,位置比较灵活,可置句末、句首和句中Hespeaksthelanguagebadlybutreaditwell.这种语言,他讲得不好,但阅读能力很强Naturallyweexpecthotelgueststolocktheirdoors.当我们期望旅馆的旅客把房门锁上3.状语按用途来分,可以分为时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随等
(1)时间状语,多位于句末和句首,有时亦可置于句中ShallwedotheshoppingtodayortomorrowInChinanowleadstheworld.
2.地点状语,多置于句末,有时也位于句首和句中Thereareplentyoffishinthesea.Shekissedhermotherontheplatform月台.
(3)原因状语,包括表理由的状语,多置于句末,有时亦可置于句首BecausehewasillTomlosthisjob.IeatpotatoesbecauseIlikethem.
4.结果状语,多由不定式、分词和从句表示,常位于句末Shewoke醒suddenlytofindsomeonestandinginthedoorway.ShespokesosoftlythatIcouldn’thearwhatshesaid.
5.目的状语,多由不定式、介词短语和从句等表示,常位于句末,强调时可以置于句首Heranforshelter隐蔽处.他跑去避雨InordertogetintoagoodschoolImuststudyevenharder.
6.条件状语多由短语和从句表示,常置于句末和句首We’llbeluckytogettherebeforedark.Ifheweretocomewhatshouldwesaytohim
7.让步状语,由短语和从句表示,常置于句末和句首Forallhismoneyhedidn’tseemhappy.他尽管有钱,但似乎并___Hehelpedmealthoughhedidn’tknowme.
8.程度状语常由副词、介词短语及从句等表示Thelectureisveryinteresting.Towhatextentwouldyoutrustthem你对他们信任程度如何?
(9)伴随状语,常由短语和__主格等表示对位于句末和句首MytrainstartsatsixarrivingatChicagoatten.Hestoodtherepipe烟斗inmouth.版本四[思路分析]把句子的各个成分搞清楚,也就是把句子各部分的关系搞清楚做到这一点,才可以准确地理解句子的意思或造出结构正确、意思明白的句子有一点要注意,在分析句子结构时,应该抓住主要成分我们分析句子结构,划分句子成分无非是为了理解,或者是为了造句这个目的达到了就行了,不必过于细致,更不要钻牛角尖,否则就会事倍功半英语句子有长在短,有简有繁,从现象看,似乎千变万化,难以捉摸,但从实质看,可以发现其内在__,找出其共同规律英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础[解题过程]英语的基本成分有六种主语(su__ect)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(o__ect)、定语(attribute)和状语adverbial英语句子成分中有些具有形态标志如第一人称代词作主语就用主格“I”作宾语用宾格“me”,作定语用所有格“my”这些形态变化对分析辨认成分很有帮助汉语与英语就句子成分表面上看来差不多,实际上有不少差别例如1XiaoLiwenttobedassoonashecamehome.小李回家后立刻就睡觉了2IllgowhenIh__ehadmydinner.我吃了饭就去在英语中,同一个主语在第二次出现时不能省略,必须把每个谓语所陈述的对象都表示出来而在汉语中,同一个主语在句中第二次出现时,就可以省略如例(1)中,汉语说“小李回家后立刻就睡觉了”,省去了第二个分句的主语,倒可以避免造成误解若将第二次出现的主语补出来,说成“小李回家后,他立刻就睡觉了”听的人反而可能把那个“他”误会成另一个人英语五种基本句型列式如下基本句型一SV(主+谓)基本句型二SVP(主+谓+表)基本句型三SVO(主+谓+宾)基本句型四SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)基本句型五SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)基本句型一此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓┃S│V(不及物动词)┃┠───────────────┼───────────────┨┃
1.Thesun│wasshining.┃┃
2.Themoon│rose.┃┃
3.Theuniverse│re__ins.┃┃
4.Weall│breatheeatanddrink.┃┃
5.Who│cares┃┃
6.Whathesaid│doesnot__tter.┃┃
7.They│talkedforhalfanhour.┃┃
8.Thepen│writes__oothly┃
1.太阳在照耀着
2.月亮升起了
3.宇宙长存
4.我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝
5.管它呢?
6.他所讲的没有什么关系
7.他们谈了半个小时
8.这支笔书写流利基本句型二此句型的句子有一个共同的特点句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意*思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的*意思这类动词叫做连系动词系动词分两类belookkeepseem等属一*类,表示情况;getgrowbecometurn等属另一类,表示变化be本身没*有什么意义只起连系主语和表语的作用其它系动词仍保持其部分词义┏━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓┃S│V(是系动词)│P┃┠───────┼───────┼───────────────┨┃
1.This│is│anEnglish-Chinesedictionary.┃┃
2.Thedinner│__ells│good.┃┃
3.He│fell│inlove.┃┃
4.Everything│looks│different.┃┃
5.He│isgrowing│tallandstrong.┃┃
6.Thetrouble│is│thattheyareshortofmoney.┃┃
7.Ourwell│hasgone│dry.┃┃
8.Hisfa__│turned│red.┃┗━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┛
1.这是本英汉辞典
2.午餐的气味很好
3.他堕入了情网
4.一切看来都不同了
5.他长得又高又壮
6.麻烦的是他们缺少钱
7.我们井干枯了
8.他的脸红了基本句型三此句型句子的共同特点是谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整这类动词叫做及物动词┏━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓┃S│V(及物动词)│O┃┠───────┼───────┼───────────────┨┃
1.Who│knows│theanswer┃┃
2.She│__iled│herthanks.┃┃
3.He│hasrefused│tohelpthem.┃┃
4.He│enjoys│reading.┃┃
5.They│ate│whatwasleftover.┃┃
6.He│said│Goodmorning.┃┃
7.I│want│toh__eacupoftea.┃┃
8.He│admits│thathewasmistaken.┃┗━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
1.谁知道答案?
2.她微笑表示感谢
3.他拒绝帮他们的忙
4.他喜欢看书
5.他们吃了剩饭
6.他说“早上好!”
7.我想喝杯茶
8.他承认犯了错误基本句型四此句型的句子有一个共同特点谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略┏━━━━┯━━━━━┯━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━┓┃S│V(及物)│o(多指人)│O(多指物)┃┠────┼─────┼───────┼────────────┨
1.She│ordered│herself│anewdress.┃┃
2.She│cooked│herhu__and│adeliciousmeal.┃┃
3.He│brought│you│adictionary.┃┃
4.He│denies│her│nothing.┃┃
5.I│showed│him│mypictures.┃┃
6.I│g__e│mycar│awash.┃┃
7.I│told│him│thatthebuswaslate.┃┃
8.He│showed│me│howtorunthe__chine.┃┗━━━━┷━━━━━┷━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━┛
1.她给自己定了一套新衣裳
2.她给丈夫煮了一餐美馔
3.他给你带来了一本字典
4.他对她什么都不拒绝
5.我给他看我的照片
6.我洗了我的汽车
7.我告诉他汽车晚点了
8.他教我开机器基本句型五此句型的句子的共同特点是动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整┏━━━━┯━━━━━┯━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━┓┃S│V(及物)│O(宾语)│C(宾补)┃┠────┼─────┼───────┼────────────┨┃
1.They│appointed│him│__nager.┃┃
2.They│painted│thedoor│green.┃┃
3.This│set│them│thinking.┃┃
4.They│found│thehouse│deserted.┃┃
5.What│__kes│him│thinkso┃┃
6.We│saw│him│out.┃┃
7.He│asked│me│tocomebacksoon.┃┃
8.I│saw│them│gettingonthebus.┃┗━━━━┷━━━━━┷━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━┛
1.他们任命他当经理
2.他们把门漆成绿色
3.这使得他们要细想一想
4.他们发现那房子无人居住
5.他怎么会这样想?
6.我们送他出去
7.他要我早点回来
8.我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短,这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外,通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语(modifier)而加以扩大这些修饰语可以是单词(主要是形容词、副词和数词),也可以是各种类型的短语(主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语)下面以基本句型五为例Wefoundthehallfull.我们发现礼堂坐满了Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteachers.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteacherslisten-ingtoanimportantreport.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听一个重要报告Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteacherslisten-ingtoanimportantreport__debyacomradefromthePeoplesDailyoncurrentaffairsinEastEurope.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听____的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样,因此在学习动词时,应掌握动词的类型以get为例Hesgettingangry.SVCHegotthroughthewindow.SVMYoullgetasurprise.SVOHegothisshoesandsockswet.SVOCHegothimselfintotrouble.SVOMHegotherasplendidpresent.SVoO在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思:Ifoundthebookeasily.我很容易地找到了这本书(SVOM)Ifoundthebookeasy.我觉得这本书很容易(SVOC)Ih__etodosomething.我得做点事Ih__esomethingtodo.我有点事做。