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名词
1、名词的分类名词即表示人或物名称的词,它分为专有名词和普通名词两大类具体可看表类别意义例词专有名词表示人、地方、事物、机构、组织等名称的词LucyChinatheGreatWalltheGreatHallofthePeople普通名词可数名词个体名词表示个体的人或事物的词dictionarypencilchairwindow__名词表示一群人或一些事物的词Familypoli__classgroupteam不可数名词物质名词表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词Ri__glasswaterporridgepaperairwoodwheatsteel抽象名词表示状态、品质、行为、感情等抽象概念的词Knowledgedangerhealthlifehomeworkinterestlove动动脑筋,观察一下car——cars,student——students,book——booksdesigner——designersairplane——airplaneswaterbreadpapertear
2、可数名词的复数形式
1、名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词(CountableNoun)和不可数名词(UncountableNoun),可数名词又有单数和复数两种形式练一练把下面的名词变成它的复数形式season_______form________plan_________bus______watch_______to__to_________hobby_________city__________toy________monkey________wife________leaf__________n________wo__n_______sheep______mouse_________foot______一名词复数构成规律情况构成方法例词一般情况+scakegrapemonthcouple以-s-x-ch-sh等结尾的词+eswatchboxbusboss辅音字母+y结尾的词改y为i,+esbeautycountybabyladyfactory以f和fe结尾的词变ffe为vesleafwifewolfknifelifethief以o结尾的词有生命体的+es
2、无生命体的+sNegroheropotatoto__to__ngo黑人英雄喜欢吃土豆、番茄和芒果radiozoopianophoto
(二)一些不规则变化特例__n—menwo__n----womentooth----teethfoot---feetmouse----mi__child----childrendeer---deersheep---sheepChinese—ChineseJapanese—Japanesepoli____n-poli__men(与__n和wo__n构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women)English__n———EnglishmenFrench__n————Frenchmen
(三)某国人变复数,记住以下的顺口溜中日不变,英法改变,其他加sChinese—ChineseJapanese—JapaneseEnglish__n—EnglishmenFrench__n—FrenchmenAmerican—Americans(例外Ger__n---Ger__ns)(Ger__n不是合成词,故复数形式为Ger__ns)
(四)复合词的复数:改中心词为复数girlstudent————girlstudents注意__n和wo__n等作定语时,它的单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定,例如wo__nteacher----womenteachers__nteacher-----menteachers五表示复数的名词(复合名词)poli__(__Public公众family(家人)people(人们)the+姓s例the__iths史密斯一家人注意:有些__名词如familyteamclasspoli__等表示一个整体时谓语动词应用单数;表示各成员时谓语动词应该用复数形式.练一练Myfamily_________beabigone.Allmyfamily_______beinChinanow.
(六)数词+名词作定语时这个名词一般保留单数形式中间加连字符.例如:ten-minutewalkan8-year-oldgirlaten-milewalk七看似复数实际是单数的名词news消息Politics____ths数学Physics物理
1.Nonews_______goodnews.be
2.Ithink__ths_______veryimportant.八既可作可数又可作不可数的名词chicken小鸡/鸡肉room__/空间位置work作品/工作paper论文报纸/纸glass玻璃杯/玻璃time次;倍/时间wood树林/木头fish鱼/鱼肉exercise练习/运动;锻炼light灯/光fruit各种水果/水果9常用不可数名词bread;meat;ri__;food;water;tea;milk;coffee;jui__;paper;Grass;news;advi__;music;infor__tion;sugar;chocolate;jam;Hair;i__;rain;snow;sun;wind;work;help;love;hope;weather;十不可数名词量的表示方法.__nyafewanumberof修饰可数名词muchalittle修饰不可数名词some/alotof修饰可数/不可数名词三.名词所有格用来表示人或物的所有以及领属关系表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加s其复数形式是s如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加s如:astudentsroomstudentsroomsChildrensDay.在表示时间、距离、世界、国家……名词的所有格要用s如:atwentyminuteswalk.但无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构如:thecapitalofourcountrythecolouroftheflowers分类构成方法例子表示有生命的名词的所有格
(1)在单数名词后加+sTheteachersoffi__以s结尾的复数名词后只加Theteachersoffi__Boysgame不以s结尾的复数名词后要加sTheChildrensPala__ThePeopleofRepublicofChina如某一物体属于两个或者两个以上名词所共有,只需在后一个并列名词词尾加s;如果不是,则需在各个并列名词后面分别加上sJohnand__ryshouseisbig.(房子属于他们两人共有)Johnsand__ryshousesarebig(房子属于他们分别拥有)表示无生命的名词所有格一般用“of+名词”表示ThedoorsofourclassroomThecapitalofChina双重所有格of+ones或of+名词性物主代词Anoldfriendofhis;Afriendofmybrothers
4、名词的用法
1、作主语Englishisuseful.英语很有用
2、作定语名词作定语,一般用单数形式papertiger纸老虎workpla__工作的地方
3、作宾语ShelearnsEnglishhardeveryday.她天天努力学英语
4、做表语Tomismygoodfriend.汤姆是我的好朋友
5、作宾语补足语Theychosetheboymonitor.他们选那个男孩当班长练一练把下面的名词变成它的复数形式season_______form________plan_________bus______watch_______to__to_________hobby_________city__________toy________monkey________wife________leaf__________n________wo__n_______sheep______mouse_________foot______填空
1.Myfamily_________beabigone.Allmyfamily_______beinChinanow.
2.Nonews_______goodnews.be
3.Ithink__ths_______veryimportant.
一、单选题
1.LucyandLily___inthesameclass.A.amB.isC.areD.be
2.Whichisthe___tothebusstoppleaseAroadBwayCstreetDaddress
3.Hurryup!Thereis___timeleft.AlittleBalittleCfewDafew
4.How__ny___canyouseeinthepictureAto__tosBto__toesCto__toDtheto__to
5.-___isthemeat.Please-Tenyuanakilo.AHowmuchBHow__nyCHowoldDHowlong6TheboysnameisJamesAllenGreen.Sohisgivennameis___.AJamesAllenBAllenGreenCJamesGreenDMr.Green7Shanghaiisoneofthebiggest___inourcountry.AcityBcitysCcitysDcities8Wouldyoupleasepassme___AtwopaperBtwopapersCtwopie__sofpaperDtwopie__sofpapers9Tonyisafriendof___.A.__rysmothersB.motherof__rysC.__rymothers10Ionlyh__e___breadforlunchtoday.AabitBabitofClittleDfew11WhatwouldyoulikeAnnIdliketwo___.AglassofmilkBglassesofmilkCglassofmilksDglassesofmilks12Thereisnt___paperinthebox.Willyougoandget___formeAanysomeBanyanyCsomesomeDsomeany
13.Isthisyourroom?NoIts______roomA.thechildrenB.thechildrensC.thechildrens14Theseforeignfriendsare___.AGer__nBGermenCGer__nyDGer__ns15Allthestudentsarebusyso___ofthemwillgotothecine__.A__nyBlittleCafewDfew16Therearethree___andseven___inthepicture.AdeerssheepsBdeerssheepCdeersheepDdeersheeps17WhoseroomisthisIts___.AmyBKikesandJohnsCourDKikeandJohns代词
1、人称代词表示我、你、他、她、它、我们、你们、他们的词是表示自身或人称的代词人称代词有人称、数和格的变化,见下表单数单数复数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou他hehimtheythem她shehertheythem它itittheythem不定oneoneonesones人称代词可用作主语,表语,宾语以及介词 IamaworkerIworkinthefactory.我是一个工人,我在工厂工作 Youareagoodteacher.你是一位优秀教师 Sheisalittlegirl.她是一个小女孩
2、物主代词 表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词物主代词可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种列表如下我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs 形容词性物主代词可用作定语,例如 Ilovemycountry.我热爱我的国家 Isthisyourcar 这是你的汽车吗 SomeoneislookingforyouhisnameisTom.有人找你,他的名字是汤姆 名词性的物主代词可用作主语,宾语,表语以及与of连接的定语LiHuasbikeisredandyoursisgreen.李华的自行车是红色的,而你的是绿色的 Thatcarisminenotyours.那辆汽车是我的,不是你的 Thesebooksareours.这些书是我们的
3、反身代词 表示我自己,你自己,他自己,我们自己,你们自己,他们自己等的词叫做反身代词反身代词第一,二人称构成是由形容词性物主代词加-self(复数加-selves 构成第三人称反身代词是由人称代词宾格形式加-self(复数加-selves构成第一人称第二人称第三人称第三人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselvesthemselvesthemselves 反身代词可用作宾语,表语,主语的同位语和宾语的同位语用作同位语时表示强调本人,自己 Iamteachingmyselfcomputer.我自学计算机 Takegoodcareofyourself.把自己照顾好 Thechildhimselfdrewthispicture.孩子自己画的这张画 Youshouldaskthechildrenthemselves.你应该问一问孩子们自己
4、指示代词表示这个,那个,这些,那些叫做指示代词指示代词在句中作主语,宾语,表语,定语指示代词数用法This这个/that那个单数后面接名词的单数形式These这些/those那些复数后面接名词的复数形式Thisisabook.这是一本书Thesearecars.这些是汽车Thatisnotaroom.那不是一间__Thosearetrees.那些是树
5、不定代词 没有明确指定代替任何特定名词或形容词的词叫做不定代词,常用的不定代词如下allanyanotherbotheacheveryeithereveryfewlittle__nymuchnononeneitheroneothersome以及由someanynoevery和bodyonething构成的复合词练习
1.TheweatherinGuangzhouishotterthan________inShenyang. A.that B.It C.this D.one
2.Mr.GreenisourEnglishteacher._____comesfromU.S.A. A.he B.she C.it D.they
3.Mybikeisbroken.__yIborrow________ A.you B.yourself C.yours D.your
4.WouldyoulikesometeaYesjust_________--. A.afew B.few C.alittle D.littlebit
5.Wouldyoulikesometeaorcoffee_________.ThanksI’vehadenough. A.either B.neither C.some D.both
8.Enjoy_______________yand__ry. A.yourself B.myself C.yourselves D.themselves
9._____________houseisthisIt’smine. A.What B.Who C.Whose D.Whose
10.Sheisastudentand____________nameis__ry. A.she B.her C.hers D.his
11.ShewillgoskatingandIwilldo_________. A.such B.same C.thesameas D.thesame
13._____hatisthisIt’s__________. A.Whoseme B.Whomine C.Whomhis D.Whosemine
14.ThepopulationofChinaislargerthan__________ofJapan. A.one B.it C.that D.those
15.LiLiiscleverthan_______inhisclass. A.anybody B.anyoneelse C.elseanyone D.somebodyelse
16._________likemusic. A.Bothofthem B.Bothofthey C.Thebothgirls D.Boththem
18.Hehas___________to____us. A.somethingimportant B.importantsomething C.anythinguseful D.usefulnothing
19.Wouldyoulike___________coffeeYesI’dlike______________. A.anyany B.somesome C.someany D.anysome
20._________oftheteachersareokinourschool. A.every B.each C.either D.all
22.WhichwouldyoulikesirteaorcoffeeIdon’tmind._______isok. A.Either B.Neither C.Any D.Both
24.Whatdoyouusuallyh__eforbreakfast______milkand______eggs. A.Littlealittle B.Afewfew C.Alittleafew D.Afewalittle
26.Thereisn’t_______paperhere.Willyougoandget__________forme A.anyany B.anysome C.much__ny D.__nymuch
27.Thefarmerisbusybecausehe’sso__sheeptokeepandso__worktodo. A.much__ny B.__nymuch C.__nyalot D.alotmuch
28.On_______sideoftheriverthere’re__nytalltrees. Aevery B.all C.both D.each
29.WhosephotoisthisIt’s__________. A.me B.mine C.my D.myself数词
一、表示数目的词是基数词(cardinalnumeral),如one一,two
(二),thirty
(三十)等12345678910onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineten111213141516171819eleventwelvethirteenfourteenfifteensixteenseventeeneighteennineteen2030405060708090twentythirtyfortyfiftysixtyseventyeightyninety1001,0001,000,0001,000,000,000ahundredathousandamillionabillion
(1)21-99先“几十”再”几”,中间加连字符21twenty-one25twenty-five99ninety-nine
(2)100及100以上的基数词100及100以上的基数词,以末位向前推(每三位一节),依次须用到hundredthousandmillionbillion等
3、基数词的用法基数词在句子中可以做主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语等,其句__能基本上相当于名词或形容词Oneandtwoisthree.一加二等于三(做主语,表语)Fiftydividedbyfiveisten.五十除以五等于十(做主语,表语)Iwantedthreebutheg__emetwo.我想要三个,他却给我两个(作宾语)Itbringsusintwomilliondollarsayear.这给我们带来每年两百万美元的收入(作定语)Isthereroomforusthree有我们三人的位置吗?(作同位语)Thetownhasapopulationofonehundredthousand.这个城镇拥有十万人口(介词宾语)hundred,thousand,million的用法
①当前面有数词以及__ny,several等词修饰时,这三个词用单数形式,后面直接跟复数名词Twohundredoldpeople___dofcoldlastwinter.去年冬天200名老人被冻死
②当这几个词前面没有数词而后面有of时,则一定要用复数形式,表示数百、数千等笼统的数目概念hundredsofdollars数百美元
二、表示顺序的词是序数词(ordinalnumeral),如first第一,second第二,thirtieth第三十等序数词前一般要加定冠词
1、最基本的序数词
(1)序数词1-19除第一(first),第二(second)第三(third)有特殊形式外,其余均由-th结尾即基数词+th构成,其中有几个序数词加-th时拼法不规则,分别是fiftheighthninthtwelfth,需多加注意
(2)十位整数的序数词十位整数的序数词的构成方法是将相应的基数的词尾-ty中的y变为i,然后再加-eth如forty-fortieth.
(3)第“几十几”基数词“几十几”变成序数词时,仅将个位变成序数词twenty-two→twenty-second
(4)序数词的缩写形式序数词的缩写形式由___数字加上序数词的最后两个字母构成first→1stsecond→2ndthird→3rdforth→4thtwenty-first→21stninety-fifth→95th。