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英语名词性从句知识点复习
一、概述在复合句中具有名词的性质的作主语、表语、同位语、宾语的从句叫名词性从句因此,我们把主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句这四种从句统称为名词性从句ItisafactthatEnglishisbeingac__ptedasaninternationallanguage.事实上英语作为国际语言正为世人所接受主语从句Thetroubleisthatshehaslosthisaddress.麻烦的是她把他的地址搞丢了(表语从句)Theyh__enoideaatallwherehehasgone.他们不知道他去什么地方了(同位语从句)Doyourememberhowhecame你记得他怎么来的么?(宾语从句)
二、语序名词性从句要采用陈述句语序由一个含疑问意义的连词引起时,必须将该连词放在名词性从句的开头,且该从句语序不能倒装Whatwecantgetseemsbetterthanwhatweh__e.我们得不到的似乎比我们所拥有的要好Thephotographswillshowyouwhatourvillagelookslike.这些照片将向你展示我们村庄的面貌Canyou__kesurewhereAli__hasputthegoldring你能肯定爱丽丝放金戒指的地方吗?Noonecanbesurewhat__nwilllooklikeinamillionyears.没有人肯定一百万年后人类会是什么样子HeaskedhowmuchIpaidfortheviolin.他问我花了多少钱买这个小提琴
三、时态的呼应名词性从句特别是宾语从句中谓语动词的时态要与主句中谓语动词时态要相呼应,主要有下列几种情况
(1)如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时态,从句的谓语动词的时态不受主句谓语动词时态的制约IwonderwhyJennyhasn’twrittenusre__ntly.Weshouldh__eheardfromherbynow.我不知道___珍妮最近没有给我们写信我们现在应当收到他的来信了Youh__en’tsaidawordaboutmynewcoatBrenda.Doyoulikeit你对我的新装还没说怎么样呢,喜欢吗?I’msorryIdidn’tsayanythingaboutitsooner.I__rtainlythinkit’sprettyonyou.对不起,我还没来得及我认为你穿上当然好看
(2)如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态,从句的谓语动词动作发生在主句的动作之前,过去完成时、过去完成进行时或一般过去时Thepoli__foundthatthehousehadbeenbrokenintoandalotofthingsstolen.__发现有人闯入房子并且很多东西被偷Shesaidshehadbeenwaitingformeforalongtime.她说她等了我很长时间
(3)如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态,从句的动作和主句的动作同时发生,则从句的动词用一般过去时或过去进行时Ididn’tknowyouwerehere.我不知道你在这里Iwastoldthattheyweredesigninganew__chine.有人告诉我他们在设计一种新机器
(4)如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态,从句的动作发生在主句的动作之后,则从句的动词用过去将来时、过去将来进行时或过去将来完成时Wewereallsurprisedwhenhe__deitclearthathewouldle__eoffi__soon.当他宣布他不久就要离职时,我们都很吃惊Theysaidtheywouldbelisteningtoareportoncurrentaffairs.他说他们将听关于时事的报告
四、引导名词性从句的关联词在传统的语法中,有连接代词、连接副词和关系代词、关系副词之分;连接代词、连接副词引导名词性从句和关系代词、关系副词引导定语从句本书根据最新资料不再作此分类,通称关系代词和关系副词引导名词性从句的关联词大致相同,它们分别是连词thatwhetherif;关系代词whowhatwhichwhomwhosewhateverwhoeverwhomeverwhichever;关系副词whenwherehowwhyhoweverwheneverwherever引导从句时一般不用逗号和主句分开详细见下表HYPERLINKhttp://pic.chinadmd.com/upload/2_1v7xj5xva2bkxa85o3bdvkkq.jpg\o高中英语名词性从句知识点及练习\t_blankINCLUDEPICTUREhttp://pic.chinadmd.com/upload/2_1v7xj5xva2bkxa85o3bdvkkq.jpg\*MERGEFORMAT
1、that从句与wh-关系代词和关系副词引导名词性从句的区别连词that在从句中不作成分,不含疑问意义;而wh-连词在从句中作成分,且含有疑问意义;或what/where从句相当于一个名词后加一个定语从句Itworriedherabitthatherhairwasturninggrey.她的头发在变白令她有点担忧(that在从句中只起引导词作用,不作成分)Whatcausedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.事故发生的原因仍然是个不解之谜(What在从句中作主语)
2、that与whether引导名词性从句的区别that与whether都是连词,引导名词性从句时,在句中只起连接作用,都不担任句子成分,使用时有下列区别
(1)动词doubt表示“怀疑、不知道”解时,肯定句接whether引导的宾语从句;否定句don’tdoubt和疑问句Doyoudoubt要接that引导的从句Idon’tdoubtthathewillcomesoon.我不怀疑他不久会来(此处不用whether)Canyoudoubtthathewillwin你怀疑他会赢吗?(此处不用whether)Idoubtwhetheritistrue.我怀疑那不是真的比较doubt表示“不信”解时,表示强烈的不相信时,在陈述句中可接that从句Idoubtthathewillstaythere.我不信他会留在那里
(2)that本身无意义,有时可以省略;whether本身有意义,在句中均不可省略HesaidthathewasfromNewYork.他说他是从纽约来的(that无意义,可以省略)Whetherhewillgothereisnotdecidedyet.他去不去没定下来(whether有意义,不可以省略)
(3)如果宾语从句表示两种可能性据其一时,只能用whetherornot,不可用thatIwonderwhetherheknewthe__nagerornot.我不知道他是否认识经理(不能用that)Iamnotsurewhetherhewillcome.他来不来我没把握(不能用that)
(4)whether引导的从句能几乎作所有介词的宾语;that引导的从句只能作ex__ptbutbesides的介词宾语Ih__enointerestinwhetherhewillcome.我对他来与否不感兴趣(不能用that)Heisagoodboyex__ptthatheiscarelesssometimes.他是个好孩子,只是有时有点粗心
3、whether和if的区别
(1)whether可以引导discuss和介词宾语从句,而if不能Ih__en’tsettledthequestionofwhetherI’lllendhimthemoney.我还没决定是否把钱借给她(不能用if)Theyaretalkingaboutwhethertheywillgothere.他们正在讨论是否去那里(不能用if)
(2)whether可以应到所有的名词性从句,而if只能引导宾语从句;在引起主语从句时,特别是主语从句在句首时,不能用if,除非是有形式主语it的主语从句Whetherthe2000OlympicGameswillbeheldinBei___gisnotknownyet.2000年___是否在北京__还不知道(不能用if)Whetherwellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.问题是这值不值得做我们明天是否去野营要看天气而定(不能用if)Thequestionwhetherweneedithasnotbeendecided.我们需不需要它还没定(不能用if)HYPERLINKhttp://pic.chinadmd.com/upload/3_1v7xj5xva2bkxa85o3bdvkkq.jpg\o高中英语名词性从句知识点及练习\t_blankINCLUDEPICTUREhttp://pic.chinadmd.com/upload/3_1v7xj5xva2bkxa85o3bdvkkq.jpg\*MERGEFORMAT
(3)whether后可以直接跟ornot或orno,构成whetherornot或whetherorno,if则不能但可以说whether/if„ornotwhether/if„orIdontknowwhetherornothellcome.我不知道他是否会来(不能用if)Hewillle__eforParistomorrowwhetherorno.他明天无论如何要动身去巴黎了(不能用if)Idon’tcarewhether/ifyoucomeornot.我不关心你来与否
(4)if引导的从句可用于否定的谓语,whether引导的从句不用于否定的谓语Idontcareifyouwontcome.我才不在乎他来不来呢Hedoesn’tcareifyoudon’tpaythemoney.你付不付钱他不在乎
(5)whether„or可以引导让步状语从句,or不可省略;if可以引导条件状语从句WhetheritsnowsornotIwillgotherebybike.不论明天下不下雪,我都骑车去Ifhehadbeengivenmoretimehecouldh__edoneitmuchbetter.如果给他更多的时间,他会做得更好
(6)whether可以和不定式连用,而if不能Hedidn’tknowwhethertoget__rriedortowait.他不知道是现在结婚还是等等再说Theyh__en’tdecidedwhethertogothereornot.他们还没决定去不去
(7)whether和if引导的宾语从句,可以用肯定,也可以用否定,但含义不同Heaskedwhethershecouldhelp.他问她是否能帮忙(表示疑问,可加ornot)Heaskedwhethershecouldn’thelp.他认为她能帮忙(表示否定,不可加ornot)
4、关系代词与关系副词引起的名词性从句的应当注意的问题
(1)wh-ever引起的名词性从句不含疑问意义,相当于不定代词后加一个定语从句whatever=anythingthat,whoever=anyonewhowherever=anypla__wherewhenever=anytimewhen表示泛指;而what,which,who,when,where,how等词都有时含有疑问意义,表示特指Acomputercanonlydowhatyouh__einstructedittodo.计算机只能按人们的指令去做事特指Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildwhateverheorshewants.普遍认为,孩子要什么就给他什么不是聪明之举泛指Itwasa__tterofwhowouldtaketheposition.问题是谁担当这个职位特指Whoeverhashelpedtos__ethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.不论谁救了这个溺水孩子都值得表扬泛指
(2)介词后的who/whom,whoever/whomever的选择问题,则要看连接词在从句中是作主语还是作宾语而定,如在从句中作主语则只能选用who/whoeverGivethemtowhoeverislikelytobeinterested.把他们送给感兴趣的人(不能用whomever)Whodoyouthinkisthebeststudent你认为谁是最好的学生(不能用whom)Sarahhopestobecomeafriendofwhoeversharesherinterests.塞拉希望成为和她能同甘共苦的人的朋友
(3)正确使用who/whoever,what/whatever,how/however,where/wherever,when/whenever,which/whichever,who,what,where,when,how,which一要分析句子结构,看其在从句中作何成分,二是理清其在句中的含义---IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.我上周开车去参加珠海的空展了---Isthatwhyyouhadafewdaysoff(表原因)这就是你请了几天假的原因吗?Irememberwhenthisusedtobeaquietpla__.我记忆中这里曾经是一个安静的地方表时间
4、butbutthat和butwhat
(1)用于nodoubt和notdeny之后相当于thatTherecanbenodoubtbutthatitisthebestchoi__.这无疑是最好的选择Ican’tdenybutwhatitisanurgent__tter.我不否认这是一件紧迫的事
(2)用于特殊疑问句中或否定词后,相当于that„notWhoknowsbutthatit__ybetrue=Whoknowsthatit__ynotbetrue?谁知道这是不是真的?Icanhardlybelievebutthattheanswerisright.=Icanhardlybelievethattheanswerisnotright.我简直不相信这答案是正确的
(3)butthat可以引导条件状语从句,这时,butthat表示“若不是”,相当于if从句,主句常用虚拟语气Hewouldh__ehelpedyoubutthathewasshortofmoneyatthetime.如果不是当时没有钱的话,他会帮你的Hewouldh__esaidnobutthathewasafraid.若不是害怕的话,他会拒绝的
五、主语从句su__ectclauses
1、概述在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句引导主语从句的词有从属连词、、关系代词、连接副词等引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词that、whether,关系代词whowhatwhichwhomwhosewhateverwhoeverwhomeverwhichever;关系副词whenwherehowwhyhoweverwheneverwherever等Thatyoudon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.你不喜欢她不管我的事Whathesaidistrue.他说的是真的Doyourememberhowhearrivedalmostattheendofthe_____你记得他几乎是在宴会快结束时才到的吗?This_____sreallywhereitsat__n!啊,这个晚会真棒!____ushowyoufulfilledthehe__ytaskaheadofschedule.告诉我们你们是怎样提前完成这一艰巨任务的Weh__ereasontobelievethatthefightingontheborder__ydevelopintoafull-blownwar.喻我们有理由相信边境上的冲突可能发展成一场全面战争Hesaidthathewouldcome.他说他要来Whetherthefootballgamewillbeplayeddependsontheweather.足球比赛是否__将视天气而定
2、从属连词that,whether引导的主语从句从属连词that,whether在主语从句中的作用只是引导主语从句,它们在从句中不担任成分,不能省略Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.她是否会来仍是一个问题Thattheywillgois__rtain.他们去是肯定的Whethershescomingornotdoesnt__ttertoomuch.她来不来没有多大关系
3、it作形式主语引导主语从句如果主语从句太长,为避免句子结构头重脚轻,我们可用it作形式主语,而把主语从句放在主句谓语部分之后That引导的主语从句可用it代替,that不可省略用作it作形式主语的结构
(1)Itis/was+形容词+that从句It’snaturalthat„很自然„„It’sobviousthat„显而易见„„It’sfortunatethat„幸运的是It’simpossible„(不)可能„„It’sunlikelythat„不可能It’sstrangethat„奇怪的是„„
(2)Itis/was+名词+that从句It’sapitythat„遗憾的是„„It’safactthat„事实是„„It’sgoodnewsthat„是好消息„„It’sawonderthat„不足为奇„„It’sanhonourthat„非常荣幸„„It’sashamethat„真是可耻„„It’scommonknowledgethat„是常识„
(3)It+不及物动词+that从句Itseemsthat„似乎„„Ithappenedthat„碰巧„„Itappearsthat„看来„„Itturnsoutthat„结果„„
(4)Itis/was+过去分词+that从句It’snotknownthat„„„不得而知It’ssaidthat„据说„„It’sreportedthat„据报道„„It’sdecidedthat„尚未决定It’sbelievedthat„据认为„„It’sannoun__dthat„据宣布„„Itsuddenlystruckmeoccurtomethat„我突然想到(感觉到)„„
(5)其他Itdoesn’t__tter„是无关紧要的It__kesnodifferen__„毫无区别„„Itisoflittleconsequen__that„无关紧要Itisapitythatshehas__desuchamistake.她犯这样的错误是令人遗憾的事Itsstrangethathedidntcomeyesterday.他昨天没来是很奇怪的Itisreportedthatthenumberofwildani__lsinAfricaisdecreasing.据报导非洲野生动物的数量正在减少Itissaidthattherewasaterribleplanecrashthismorning.据说今天早上有一起可怕的飞机坠毁事故
3、由关系代词引导的主语从句
(1)关系代词whowhatwhichwhomwhosewhateverwhoeverwhomeverwhichever等,引导主语从句时,它们分别在从句中担任主语、宾语或定语,不能省略Whoeverle__estheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.走得最晚的应当关灯Whatyouh__edonemightdoharmtootherpeople.你的行为可能伤害别人Whathesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.他在会议上的发言时所有入会者吃惊Who__dethelongdistan__callisnotimportant.谁打的长途__并不重要
(2)what引导主语从句“„„的东西/事情”时,可用来表示thethingswhich这种意思,引导从句,表示一样东西与一件事情,这种用法的what称为关系代词型what,who,whom,which,what可以和ever构成合成词,和what一样引导从句,ever起强调作用这些关系词在句子中充当成分,所以不能省略此类主语从句不能用形式主语it引导WhatIneed=ThethingwhichIneedisamobilephone.我所需要的是一部____Whoeverle__estheoffi__=Anyonewhole__estheoffi__should____me.无论是谁离开办公室都应该告诉我
4、关系副词引导的主语从句连接副词有whenwherewhyhowhoweverwheneverwherever等引导主语从句时,它们在从句中担任状语,不能省略此类主语从句可以转换为以it作形式主语的句子Whyhedidntcomehereisnotcleartoanyone.他___没来谁也不清楚Howatelephoneworksisaquestionwhichnoteveryonecananswer.__是怎样工作的,这个问题并不是每个人都能回答Whereshehasgoneisnotknownyet.她去了哪儿,还不知道Whentheywillstarthasnotbeendecidedyet.他们何时动身还未定下来Whyhediditdidntcon__rnme.他___做这件事与我无关
5、主语从句不可位于句首的四种情况
(1)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句、感叹句时,主语从句不可提前,用引导词it作形式主语Isitreallytruethathehasgoneabroad他真的出国了吗?Howsurprisingitwasthathefailedintheexam!真令人惊奇,他考试没有及格!
(2)Itissaidreported„结构中的主语从句不可提前It’ssaidthattheplayisveryinteresting.据说戏剧很有趣It’sreportedthatthehighwaywillbeopenedtotrafficnextweek.据报道,高速路下周通车
(3)Ithappensoccurs„结构中的主语从句不可提前Itoccurredtoherthatshehadforgottentolockthedoor.她突然想起忘了锁门IthappenedthatImethiminthestreet.我恰巧在大街上遇到了他
(4)Itdoesn’t__tterhowwhetherornot„结构中的主语从句不可提前Itdoesn’t__tterwhetherhelikesitornot.他喜欢与否无关紧要Itdoesn’t__tterhowhewillcome.他怎么来不重要
6、it作形式主语与it引导强调句的比较it作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构(特别是谓语较短时),主语从句的连词没有变化而it引导强调句则是对某一句子成分的强调(这一成分可以是词、词组或句子),其结构是“Itiswas+强调成分+that”无论强调什么成分,都要求用连接词that强调人时可以用who代替Itis__rtainthatshewillsuc__ed.她会成功是肯定的(主语从句)ItisinNewYorkthatImethim.是在纽约我见到了他(强调句)
六、表语从句
1、概述用作表语的从句叫作表语从句,它位于主句中的连系动词之后引导表语从句的词有从属连词that、whether、asthoughif;关系代词whowhatwhichwhomwhosewhateverwhoeverwhomeverwhichever等;关系副词whenwherewhyhowhoweverwheneverwherever等可以接表语从句的连系动词由belookre__inseem等That引导表语从句时,在口语中,间或可以省略Thetroubleisthatweareshortofmoney.困难是我们____Thatiswhystonewallsareusedinsteadoffen__saroundNewEnglandfields.这就是___在新英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因AtthattimeitseemedasifIcouldntthinkoftherightwordanyhow.当时我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来
2、由从属连词that,whether引导的表语从句that在引导表语从句时无词义,而whether有词义,意为、“是否”这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词,如question问题,trouble麻烦,problem问题,result结果,chan__可能性,suggestion建议,idea想法,reason理由等表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释,使主语的内容具体化Thetroubleisthatshehaslosthismoney.麻烦的事是他丢了钱Thequestioniswhetherweneedmorei__cream.问题是我们是否还需要一些冰淇淋Theproblemwasthatitwastoovaluableforeverydayuse.问题是它作为日常之用太贵重了Whatshecouldn’tunderstandwasthatfewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.我们不能理解越来越少的学生对他的课不感兴趣
3、由关系代词引导的表语从句关系代词whowhatwhichwhomwhosewhateverwhoeverwhomeverwhichever等引导表语从句,在句中作主语、宾语、表语,关系代词不能省略Thequestioniswhichofusshouldgo.问题是我们哪一个应该去Theproblemwaswhocoulddothework.问题是谁能做这项工作Thatswhatheisworryingabout.那就是他在担心的事Thatswhatweshoulddo.那是我们应该做的
4、由关系副词引导的表语从句Goandgetyourcoat.Itswhereyouleftit.去把雨衣拿来就在你原来放的地方Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella.That’swhyIgotwetthrough.我们既没伞也没雨衣,这是我们淋湿的原因Thatishowmi__ruin__nystoresofgraineveryyear.那就是老鼠是怎样每年损害大量粮食的Thatiswhatheisworriedabout.那就是他所担心的
5、由连词because,asif/asthough等引导的表语从句Itlookedasifitwasgoingtosnow.看起来好像要下雪了Thatsbecauseweneverthoughtofit.这是因为我们从未想过此事Itseemsasifhedidn’tknowtheanswer.好像他不知道答案
七、同位语从句
1、概述用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句它一般跟在抽象名词fact,idea,news,hope,belief,thought,truth,doubt,suggestion,warninginstruction,reason,infor__tionquestion等之后,对这些名词进行说明或解释引导同位语从句的词除连词that,whether外,还有关系代词whatwhichwho以及关系副词how,when,where,why等Itisafactthat__okingisadangertohealth.吸烟危害健康,这是事实Ih__enoideawhatyoumean.我一点儿也不明白你的意思He__dethesuggestionthatwegobytrain.他建议我们坐火车去Thereisnodoubtthatheisguilty.毫无疑问,他是有罪的
2、由从属连词that,whether引导的同位语从句Infor__tionhasbeenputforwardthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.有消息透露,大学将招收更多的中学毕业生Thefactthatwelackenoughphonesneedstobeconsidered.我们缺少足够的__这一事实需要加以考虑Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehu__nvoi__ssurprises__nypeople.计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇Ididntre__ivethenewsthatthemeetinghadbeenputoff.___听到会议被推迟的消息
3、由关系代词引导的同位语从句Thequestionwhoshouldbethefirsthasnotbeensettled.谁应该是第一名的问题还没有定下来Youcanh__enoideawhathesaid.你根本想不到他说了些什么
4、由关系副词引导的同位语从句Ih__enoideawhenhewillbeback.我不知道他什么时候回来Theyusuallywriteexactinstructionshowthemusicistobeplayed.他们通常为如何演奏乐曲写出精确的说明
5、定语从句与同位语从句的区别
(1)同位语从句相当于名词,它对其前的名词起补充说明或进一步解释其内容的作用;而定语从句的功能相当于形容词,它对其先行词起修饰、描述或限制作用Thesuggestionthatshehasputforwardisverygood.她提出的建议很好定语从句Thesuggestionthatwecleantheclassroombyturnsisverygood.我们轮流打扫教室,这个建议很好同位语从句
(2)引导定语从句的that是关系代词,在从句中充当某种成分,作宾语时可省略;而引导同位语从句的that是连接词,在从句中不作任何成分,也不能省略Thefactthatwetalkedaboutisimportant.我们所谈论的情况很重要定语从句,that作从句中介词about的宾语Thefactthathesuc__ededintheexperimentpleasedeverybody.他的实验成功了,这使大家很高兴同位语从句,that在从句中不作任何成分
(3)引导定语从句的when,where是关系副词,不但在句中充当句子成分,还有与其含义相当的先行词;而引导同位语从句的when,where是关系副词,虽可以在从句中充当句子成分,但没有与之含义相当的先行词GoneforeverarethedayswhenChinesepeoplewerebullied.中国人民受欺侮的时候一去不复返了定语从句,thedays与when构成含义相当的搭配关系Ih__enoideawhenhewillbeback.我不知道他什么时候回来同位语从句,idea与when在含义上没有任何搭配关系
(4)同位语从句的先行词应是表示抽象概念的词,如ideabeliefconclusionimpression,fact,news,idea,thought,hope,ordersuggestion,belief等,而定语从句的先行词是各种抽象概念的词或具体概念的词Heexpressedthehopethathewouldwriteanovelsomeday.他表示希望有一天能写小说(同位语从句)IwillneverforgetthedayswhenwewereinLiangxiangtogether.我永远忘不了我们在良乡的日子(定语从句)
八、宾语从句o__ectclauses
1、概述用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句宾语从句的位置与陈述句基本结构中的宾语相同宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语,也可以作介词和非谓语动词(动词不定式、动名词、分词)和某些形容词的宾语宾语从句可以由从属连词thatwhether、if,关系代词whatwhowhosewhich和关系副词when、where、how、why等引导Hesaidhewantedtogototown.他说他想去城里Ihopeyoullbebettersoon.我希望你能很快好起来I’msogladthatyouwereabletocometothis_____.你能设法抽空出席这个交际会,我很高兴Iknownothingaboutitex__ptwhatIh__ereadinthepapers.除了在报上读到的以外我对这件事一无所知MostoftheChinesepeopleusuallygotoworkonthebikeex__ptwhenitrains.除了雨天大多数中国人一般都骑自行车上班Heaskedmewhethershewascoming.他问我,她来还是不来
2、作动词宾语
(1)由从属连词that引导的宾语从句that引导宾语从句时,只起引导词作用,在句中不做成分,在口语和非正式文体中常省去Ithinkthathellberightinafewdays.我认为他几天后就会好的Iwish(that)shewouldunderstandme.我希望她理解我
(2)由关系代词whatwhowhosewhich引导的宾语从句,在句中作成分,即主语、宾语、表语和定语,关系代词在句中不能省略Acomputercanonlydowhatyouh__einstructedittodo.计算机只能按人的指令去做Doyouknowwhomtheyarewaitingfor你知道他们在等谁吗?Heaskedwhosedictionaryitwas.他问这是谁的字典Hecant____whichmethodtheywillusefortheexperiment.他不能断定他们会用哪一种方法做实验
(3)关系副词when,where,how,why等引导宾语从句关系副词when,where,how,why既有疑问意义,又起连接作用,而且在宾语从句中充当各种状语,分别表时间、地点、方式、原因在句中不能省略Please____mewhenweshalldiscussourplan.请告诉我我们将何时讨论计划Idontknowwherewearegoingtoh__ethemeeting.我不知道我们将在哪里开会Willyou____mehowIcangettothestation?你能告诉我如何能到车站吗?Doyouknowwhyhesaidthat你知道他___说那件事吗?Irememberwhenthisusedtobeaquietvillage.我记得这里曾经是一个僻静的村庄
(4)由从属连词whether或if引导的宾语从句Iwonderwhetherifdaughtersarevaluedasmuchassonsinthecountryside.我想知道在农村__是否和__一样受到重视Idontknowwhetherifyouarewillingtohelpme.我不知道你是否愿意帮我注意whether和if的区别,请参考概述部分
(5)动词+间接宾语+宾语从句动词如adviseaskinformpromisequestionremindshowteach____warn等,宾语从句前可以有一个间接宾语,这个宾语有时可以省略,有的不能省略Hehasinformedmewhentheyaretodiscussmyproposal.他已经通知我们将什么时候讨论我的建议me不可省略Shepromisedusthatshewouldgiveusmorehelplateron.她答应以后给我们更多的帮助us可省略
3、作介词宾语Itdependsonwhetherheiscomingornot.这要看他是否会来Iwascuriousastowhatwecoulddonext.我想知道下一步我们该做什么注意that引导的宾语从句只在inbutex__ptbesides等少数介词后作宾语,形成固定搭配,inthat在于(因为),butthat要不是只是,ex__ptthat除了„„Thehigherincometaxisharmfulinthatit__ydiscouragepeoplefromtryingtoearnmore.所得税过高是有害的,因为它可能使人不愿多赚钱Hispaperisperfectex__ptthatthereweresomemisprints.除了一些印刷错误之外,这篇论文很好
4、作形容词宾语Noonecanbesurewhat__nwilllooklikeinamillionyears.谁也不知道一百万年后人类会变成什么样子Iamnot__rtainwhetherIh__emethimbefore.我不能肯定从前是否见过他Imsorrythatyoureill.你病了,我很难过注意that引导的从句在下列形容词后面作宾语,that可以省略anxiousaware__rtainconfidentconvin__ddeterminedgladproudsurprisedworriedsorrythankfulashameddisappointedannoyedpleasedhurtsatisfiedcontentproud等Imsurethathellhelpyou.我确信他会帮助你Imgladthathehaspassedtheexam.我很高兴,他考试及格了
5、it充当形式宾语,真正的宾语---宾语从句后置正如我们常用it充当形式主语代替主语从句一样,我们也常用it用作形式宾语代替宾语从句,把真正的宾语从句后置特别是带复合宾语的句子中在这种结构中that不可省略有下列几种情况
(1)在believeconsiderdeclareesti__tefancyfeelfindguessheari__gineknow__keprovereckonthinkunderstand等动词接复合宾语(宾语+宾补)时,要用it作形式宾语Wefinditdifficultthatweshouldfinishtheworkontime.我发现我们按时完成工作有困难Shethinksitwrongthathedidntanswerthephone.她认为他不接__是不对的
(2)在like,enjoy,lovehatetake等表“喜怒哀乐”的动词,后若要跟宾语从句时,需跟形式宾语itIhateitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.我不喜欢人们满口饭说话Ilikeitthateveryonepassedtheexam.都通过了考试我很喜欢
(3)由动词和介词构成的短语动词后接that宾语从句时,要用形式宾语Wearethinkingofitthatwelllendyousomemoney.我正在考虑借给你钱的事Ishallseetoitthatheistakengoodcareofwhenyouareabsent.你不在的时候我负责把他照顾好
(4)用于“动词+宾语+介词短语”的句型中Keepitinmindthatyouh__etobehomebyteno’clock.要记住你得十点钟之前回家Wetookitforgrantedthathewouldcome.我们认为他来是当然的
6、不可直接跟that从句的动词下列动词不可直接接that从句askrefuseletlikecausefor__condemnadmire__lebrateentreatdislike(厌恶)overlooklovehelptakeforgivebidhatehear(听见)see(看见)want(想要)等,但可用itthefact做媒介,后接that从句;或接动名词、不定式Heoverlookeditthathehad__deanothermistake.正确他忽视了一件事,他又犯了一个错误Heoverlookedthefactthathehad__deanothermistake.正确Heoverlookedthathehad__deanothermistake.错误Iadmireitthattheywonthe__tch.正确Iadmirethefactthattheywonthe__tch.正确我很羡慕,他们赢得了比赛Iadmirethattheywonthe__tch.错误
7、that引导宾语从句的省略
(1)主句谓语动词是agreeargueholdlearn__intainobservecontendcon__ivereckonre__rkstatesuggestassumeannoun__calculateindicate等时,其后宾语从句的引导词that一般不可省略;主句谓语动词是hearknowsayseeconfessconsiderdeclareunderstandpropose等时,其后宾语从句的引导词that可以省略,也可以不省略;主句谓语动词是thinksupposebelievepresumedaresay等时,其后宾语从句的引导词that可以省略Hesuggestedthatweshouldsetoffat8o’clocktomorrowmorning.他建议我们明天早晨8点走that不可省略Ithinkthatthisisveryimportant.我认为这很重要that可省略
(2)当一个句子很复杂,句中有多个状语时,that不可省略;或者一个句子有多个并列的宾语从句时,特别第一个宾语从句特别长,后面的宾语从句的that不可省略;谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语时,that不可省去Hesaidyouneedntworryandthathewouldhelpyou.他说你没有必要着急,他会帮助你的(said之后可省去that,但第二个that不可省去)Wedecideashehassuggestedthatwewillstartouttomorrow.就像他建议的那样,我们决定明天动身
8、否定转移与省略
(1)如果主句的谓语动词是“thinkconsidersupposebelieveexpectfancyguessreckoni__gine等,主语是第一人称的一般现在时态,其后的宾语从句如含有否定意义,一定要把否定词一道主句谓语上,从句谓语动词用肯定形式Idon’tthinkhecandoitbetterthanme.我想他不会比__得好Idon’tbelievehetreatedthechildlikethat.我相信他不会那样对待孩子的
(2)如果thinkconsidersupposebelieveexpectfancyguessreckoni__gine等前有副词或表示强调的dodoesdid;或者同其它词构成并列谓语;或者不以现在时出现;或者用作插入语中这时候不用否定转移Ireallyexpectshedidn’tsaythattohim.我确实希望她不和他说那件事Ithinkandhopethathewon’tbede__ivedbythe__n.我认为也希望他不会被那个人欺骗
(3)thinkconsidersupposebelieveexpectfancyguessreckoni__gine等此类动词后,在简略答语中,用so替代前文肯定的宾语从句;若替代一个否定的宾语从句,用not或not„so替代前文整个从句-Ibelievewevemetsomewherebefore.我认为我们从前在哪见过-No,Idontthinkso.没有,我认为我们以前没见过-Doyouthinkitsgoingtorainovertheweekend?你认为这周末会下雨吗?-Ibelievenot.我认为不会注意hope只能说Ihopenot一种形式,因为hope不能否定转移
9、时态的呼应与语序在宾语从句中只能用陈述句语序,时态呼应上要遵循以下三条原则
(1)如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时,宾语从句的谓语可根据意思的需要使用任何一种时态Canyou__kesurewhereAli__hasputthegoldring?你能确定爱丽丝把金戒指放到什么地方了吗?Theyh__enoideaatallwherehehasgone.他们一点也不知道他去了哪Doyouknowwhohewastalkingwithateightlastnight?你知道他昨晚和谁一起说话吗?
(2)如果主句谓语是一般过去时,宾语从句要用表示过去的某一时态Hesaidhewouldcometoseeusthenextday.他说他明天将来看我们IwantedtoknowwhetherhehadbeentoBei___g.我想知道他是否去过北京
(3)如果宾语从句是表示客观事实、真理等,不管主句是什么时态,宾语从句一律用一般现在时____askedLucyhowoldsheis.迪克问露斯她多大了Theteachersaidthesunrisesintheeast.老师说太阳从东方升起高中英语名词性从句练习题及答案解析第一部分基础题
1._________keshisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservi__s.A.WhatB.WhoC.WhateverD.Whoever
2.—It‟sthirtyyearssin__welastmet.—ButIstillrememberthestorybelieveitornot_______wegotlostonarainynight.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.when
3.SeetheflagsontopofthebuildingThatwas_______wedidthismorning.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.What
4.—Couldyoudomeaf__or—Itdependson_______itis.A.whichB.whicheverC.whatD.whatever
5.Theseshoeslookverygood.Iwonder_______.A.howmuchcosttheyareB.howmuchdotheycostC.howmuchtheycostD.howmucharetheycost
6.Dorissuc__ssliesinthefact_______sheisco-operativeandeagertolearnfromothers.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.why
7.__rywroteanarticleon_______theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.A.whyB.whatC.whoD.that
8.Doyouh__eanyidea_______isactuallygoingonintheclassroomA.thatB.whatC.asD.which
9.—Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp—Thereisnooneelse_______isthereA.whototurntoB.shecanturntoC.forwhomtoturnD.forhertoturn
10.Elephantsh__etheirownwayto____theshapeofano__ectand_______itisroughor__ooth.A./B.whetherC.howD.what
11.Dannyleftwordwithmysecretary_______hewouldcallagainintheafternoon.A.whoB.thatC.asD.which
12.Mumiscoming.Whatpresent_______foryourbirthdayA.youexpectshehasgotB.youexpecthasshegotC.doyouexpectshehasgotD.doyouexpecthasshegot
13.Thewayhediditwasdifferent________wewereusedto.A.inwhichB.inwhatC.fromwhatD.fromwhich
14.Greatchangesh__etakenpla__inthatschool.Itisnolonger_______itwas20yearsago_______itwassopoorlyequipped.A.what;whenB.that;whichC.what;whichD.which;that
15.Someresearchersbelievethatthereisnodoubt________acureforAIDSwillbefound.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether-。