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缩读standardCommoncontractionexamplenoteand‘nDoyouknowNancy’nD__idare‘ə:Myclas__ates’ə:onvacationAreyou‘je‘jegoingtoschoolWhere‘jegoingAreyouiscontractedonlywhenfollowedbyoneormorewords.Thereforeitwouldbeincorrecttocontract.HowareyouTohow‘jeunlessitwasfollowedbyoneormorewordssuchas:how‘jegoingbecause‘cause[kɔ:z]Idon’tlikeher‘causesheistooproud.只在口语中用can‘knI‘knbethereinanhour.Come‘km‘kmovertoourhousearound10:
00.Thiscontractiondoesnotapplyifcomefallsattheendofthesenten__.Couldh__eCouldnoth__e‘kudə‘kudnəYou‘kudəhurtyourself!He‘kudnədoneit.Thisalsoappliestothefollowing:Shouldh__e=’ʃudəShouldn’th__e=’ʃudnəWouldh__e=’wudəWouldn’th__e=’wudnəDidyou‘didʒəor‘deijeei轻轻带过How‘didʒədoitHow‘deijedoitWhenfollowedbyawordbeginningwiththeletter“e”or“a”,‘deijeiscommonlycontractedto‘dj:didyoueatyet=‘djeatyetDoesshe‘dʌʃi‘dʌʃispeakenglishDon’tknow‘dʌnnəuI‘dʌnnəuwhereyoulive.for‘fə:Or‘fəHeworks‘fə:hisfather.Thisalsoaplliestothefollowing:forgive=‘fəgiveForget=‘fəgetGiveme‘gimi‘gimithat.Goingto‘gɔnnəwhenfollowedbyaconsonant‘gʌnnəwhenfollowedbyavowelI’m‘gɔnnəgivehinapresent.I’m‘gʌnnəinvitehertothe_____.都读作‘gɔnnə也可以Whenfollowedbyavowel‘goingto‘iscommonlycontractedto‘gʌnnəalthough‘gɔnnəisalsoac__ptable.Goodbye‘gubaiOr‘baiI’lltalktoyoutomorrow‘gubai!Thisalsoappliestothefollowing:goodnight=’gunaitGotto‘gɔtəwhenfollowedbyaconsonant‘gʌtəwhenfollowedbyavowelI’m‘gɔtəgivehinapresent.I’m‘gʌtəinvitehertothe_____.都读作‘gɔtə也可以Whenfollowedbyavowel’gotto’iscommonlycontractedto‘gʌtəalthough‘gɔtəisalsoac__ptable.Hadbetter‘better[betə]Or‘dbetter[dbetə]You‘betterstartoffrightnow.H__eto‘hæftəI‘hæftəgohomeimmediately.Also:he‘hæstə/‘heddəHastoHadtohe‘i:h被击穿不发音Whois‘i:Thisdoesnotapplyifhebeginsasenten__.He/sheHash__ehadHe/she‘æz‘æv‘ædh被击穿不发音He’æzahouseatthebeach.her‘ə:Thisis‘ə:book.Thisdoesnotapplyifherbeginsasenten__.him‘imIlike‘imverymuch.his‘izWhatis‘iznameThisdoesnotapplyifhisbeginsasenten__.HowdidyouHow‘‘didʒəorHow‘deijeei轻轻带过HowdoyouHow‘deijeei轻轻带过How‘deijedoitWhenpronoun__dastwosyllables[how‘deije]thetensechangesfromtopast.Althoughsubtlethisdifferen__iseasilydetectedbyanynative-bornAmerican.How‘deijədoit=howdidyoudoitHow‘dei’jedoit=HowdoyoudoithowdoesHow’zHow’zshefeeltodayInfrontofIn‘frʌnnəHeparkedIn‘frʌnnəthegarden.-ing-‘[in]I’mgo’ingoingtothestore.Isthat‘izæt‘izætyournewcarAlso:‘[zæt]yournewcarOf‘əHe’ssort‘əstrange.It’s__de‘əgold.old‘əuld失去爆破There’sthe‘əulhouse.Or‘əDoyoulikei__cream’əcandy.Asyou__yh__enoti__d‘[ə]isacontractionnotonlyofbutoforaswell.Theconnotationdependsonthecontext.I‘[kn]inviteBob’əTom=IcaninviteBoborTom.Bob’nTom’əinvited=BobandTomareinvited.Outof‘audəGet‘audətheclassaton__.probably‘prɔbliHe’ll‘prɔblicomefordinner.some‘__Iwant‘__apples.sure‘ʃə‘ʃəIlikechocolate!AcommonexpressionindicatingagreementisForsure!Pronoun__dFer‘ʃə!them‘m/‘əmIlike’m/Ilike‘əm.
1.thisappliestoanywordthatTo‘təIdon’tknowwhat‘tədonow.
1.thisappliestoanywordthatbeginswiththecombinationtoandwhoseac__ntdoesnotfallonthefirstsyllable:today/tomorrow/tobaccoetc.
2.whenpre__dedbyawordwhichendswithan[ə][əu]soundtoiscommonlypronoun__d[də]:Idon’tknowwhere[də]gonow.Wantto‘wɔnnəwhenfollowedbyaconsonantoravowel.‘wʌnnəwhenfollowedbyavowelI‘wɔnnəgooutside.I‘wɔnnəeatsomething.I‘wʌnnə__oidthesu__ect.‘wɔnnə__ybeusedeitherbeforeaconsonantoravowelwhereas‘wʌnnə__yonlybeusedbeforeavowel.Itwouldsoundstrangetotheeartouse‘wʌnnəbeforeaconsonantsuchas:‘wʌnnəgo.What‘wud‘wudifwewenttothemovies.‘what’ispronoun__[wɔd]onlywhenfollowedbyavowel.Whatareyou‘wɔtʃiəOr‘wɔtʃəWhat‘wɔtʃiə/‘wɔtʃədoindoing缩Thiscontractioncanonlyoccurifitisfollowedimmediatelybyoneormorewords.Itcannotstandalone:whatareyouCrazyItwouldbeincorrecttosay:‘wɔtʃəCrazyWhatdidyou‘wudidʒəor‘wudeijeei轻轻带过‘wudidʒə/‘wudeijeBuyWhatdoyou‘wudeijeei轻轻带过‘wudeijedoingWhatdoes‘wuz‘wuzherdoforalivingAlthoughacommoncolloquialcontractionfor“whatdoes”[wɔts]istraditionallyacontracionfor“whatis”.Whatisthe‘wɔtsə‘wɔtsəa__tter仅限于这种用法Wouldnoth__e‘wudnaI‘wudnadonethatifIwereyou.You‘je‘jecommonpronunciationwhenpre__dedbytheletter“d”‘jcommoncontractionwhenfollowedbyavowelHoware‘jeWould‘jelikesomei__cream.If‘jeverneedmejustcall.Did‘jeverseethemovie连读1,辅音对元音[r]+元音
2、元音对元音[i:eiaiɔii]+[j]+元音[uəuau]+[w]+元音
3、辅音+辅音叠合失去爆破只有六个爆破音才能失去爆破,Pbtdkg。