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Tensevoi__时态的种类英语动词有16种时态,现以study为例,列表如下 体(form)时(time)一般时indefinite进行时continuous完成时perfect完成进行时perfect continuous现在present一般现在时study stu___s现在进行时amis studyingare现在完成时h__e stu___d has 现在完成进行时h__e been studyinghas过去past一般过去时stu___d过去进行时was studyingwere过去完成时 had stu___d过去完成进行时 hadbeenstudying将来Future一般将来时shall studywill将来进行时shallbestudyingwill将来完成时shallh__estu___dwill将来完成进行时shallh__ebeenstudyingwill过去将来Futureinthepast过去将来时shouldstudywould过去将来进行时shouldbestudyingwould过去将来完成时shouldh__estu___dwould过去将来完成进行时shouldh__ebeenstudyingwould一般现在时Ilearnedthattheearth___aroundthesunwhenIwasinpri__ryschool.考点一表示永恒的真理,即使出现在过去的语境中,仍用一般现在时Ifheac__ptsthejobhewillgetmoremoneysoon.考点二在时间和条件状语从句中,代替一般将来时;常用的引导词有时间whenuntilafterbeforeassoonason__themoment/theminute; Eg:WhenBillcomes不是willcomeaskhimtowaitforme.条件ifunlessprovided.Ifyouwillac__ptmyinvitationmyfamilywillbepleased.注意由if引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”,但不表示时态1)Thetrain______atsixtomorrowmorning. WhendoesthebusstartIt______intenminutes.考点三下列动词comegoarrivele__estartbeginreturn,openclose的一般现在时表将来这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情2)倒装句(由here,there开头的句子,动词用一般 现在时表示现在正在发生的动作) Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming. Theregoesthebell.=Thebellisringing.现在进行时Thehouseis_____________thesedays.Thelittleboyisalways__kingtrouble.考点一与频率副词,如always,constantly,continually等连用表示说话人的某种感__彩(赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等)Heisalwaysthinkingofhiswork赞许他老是把东西乱扔Heisconstantlyle__inghisthingsabout.(不满)他老爱说大话Heisalwaysboasting厌烦考点二 表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作仅限于少量动词gocomele__estartarrivereturnstaydoh__esee__off…Areyoustayingheretillnextweek工作进行的怎么样?Howareyougettingonwithyourwork工作进行的相当顺利Theworkisgoingfairly__oothly.你进步很快You’re__kingrapidprogress.我们想在这里建一座水坝We’rethinkingofbuildingadamhere.风挺大It’sblowinghard.有人找你接__Someoneisaskingforyouonthephone.注意下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时(A)表示心理状态、情感的动作likelovehatecarerememberbelievewantmindwishagreemeanneed(B)表存在的状态的动词appearexistliere__inseem,belongto,dependon(C)表示一时性动作的动词allowac__ptpermitpromiseadmitcomplete(D)表示感官的动词seehearnoti__feel__ellsoundtastelook现在完成时考点一for+时间段;sin__+时间点Theyh__elivedinBeijingforfiveyears.Theyh__elivedinBeijingsin__
1995.考点二常见的不确定的时间状语lately;re__ntlyjustalreadyyeteverneveruptonow;tillnow;sofarthesedayson__twi__threetimes… Hasitstoppedrainingyet考点三在表示“最近几世纪/年/月以来……”时间状语中,谓语动词用现在完成时in/over/duringthepastfewyears/months/weeks/days;forthelastfew__nturiesthrough__nturies;throughouthistory等考点四用于现在完成时的句型 ItisthefirsttimethatIh__evisitedthecity. Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.1)This/That/Itisthefirst/secondtime….that…结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时 这是我看过的最好的电影ThisisthebestfilmthatIveeverseen. 2)This/That/Itisthebestworstmostinterestingonly+名词+that”后面跟现在完成时sin__的四种用法1sin__+过去一个时间点 如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980lastmonthhalfpastsix Ih__ebeenheresin__19__. 2sin__+一段时间+ago Ih__ebeenheresin__fivemonthsago.3sin__+从句 Greatchangesh__etakenpla__sin__youleft. 4Itis+一段时间+sin__从句Itistwoyearssin__Ibecameapostgraduatestudent.他去过北京HehasbeentoBeijing.他到北京去了HehasgonetoBeijing.h__e/hasbeen…表示曾到过某地(现在回来了)h__e/hasgone…表示已经到某地去了(现在不在说话处) 典型例题1---Doyouknowourtownatall ---NothisisthefirsttimeI___here.A.was B.h__ebeen C.came D.amcoming2---H__eyou____beentoourtownbefore ---Noit‘sthefirsttimeI___here.A.evencome B.evenh__ecome C.evercome D.everh__ecome注意非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的(错)Ih__ere__ivedhisletterforamonth.(对)Ih__entre__ivedhisletterforalmostamonth典型例题
1.Youdon‘tneedtodescribeher.I___herseveraltimes. A.hadmet B.h__emet C.met D.meet 答案B.首先本题后句强调对现在的影响,我知道她的模样,你不用描述再次,severaltimes告知为反复发生的动作,因此用现在完成时
2.---I‘msorrytokeepyouwaiting. ---Ohnotatall.I___hereonlyafewminutes.A.h__ebeen B.hadbeen C.was D.willbe 答案A.等待的动作由过去开始,持续到现在,应用现在完成时一般过去时的考点分析(考核重点)
①表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示);用于表达过去的习惯;表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事Imetherinthestreetyesterday.Heusedto__okealot. Ithoughtthefilmwouldbeinterestingbutitisn’t.Hetoldmehe________aninterestingnovellastnight.
②如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语,尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生,但从句中的谓语动词用过去式
③表示两个紧接着发生的动作,常由以下词语连接,如butandwhenassoonasimmediatelythemoment…Themomentshecameinshetoldmewhathadhappenedtoher.Heboughtawatchbutlostit.xTomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight. Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如yesterdaylastweekin1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时过去进行时表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作Theboywasdoinghishomeworkwhenhisfathercamebackfromwork.WhatwereyoudoingatninelastnightTheradio_wasbeingrepaired_whenyoucalledme.----whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday----Wewereworkinginthelab.过去完成时考点分析(考核重点)句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语,这种时态从来不孤立使用by、bytheend、bythetime、until、before、sin__后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作E.G:Bytheendoflastyearwehadprodu__d20000cars.Thetrainhadleftbeforewereachedthestation.Itwasthreeyearssin__wehadbeenthere.考点一表示“一……就”的几个句型Hardly/Scar__ly/Nosoonerhad+主语+过去分词+when/before/than+一般过去时 Wehadnosoonerbeenseatedthanthebusstarted.=Nosoonerhadwebeenseatedthanthebusstarted.(注意主谓倒装)考点二表示“第几次做某事”,主句用过去时,从句用过去完成时Thatwasthesecondtimethatshehadseenhergrandfather.Itwas3yearssin__wehadparted考点三表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等常用hadhoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示即hoped/planned…+toh__edoneIhadhopedthatIcoulddothejob.IhadintendedtoseeyoubutIwastoobusy.考点四“时间名词+before”在句子中作状语,用于间接引语中谓语动词用过去完成时;“时间名词+ago”在句中作状语,谓语动词用一般过去式Hesaidhisparentshad___dtenyearsbefore.XiaoHualeftschool3yearsago.典型例题 Thestudents___busilywhenMissBrownwenttogetabookshe___intheoffi__. A.hadwrittenleft B.werewritinghasleft C.hadwrittenhadleftD.werewritinghadleft一般将来时考点分析
①表示一种趋向或习惯动作We’ll___withoutairorwater.
②begoingto与will/shallbetodobeabouttodo用法及区别begoingto表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事,这种打算往往经过事先考虑,甚至已做了某种准备;shall/willdo表示未事先考虑过,即说话时临时作出的决定Ifitisfinewe’llgofishing. Ifitisfinewearegoingtogofishing. 注意begoingto表将来,不能用在条件状语从句的主句中;而will则能betodosth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作/不可避免地将要发生的事,命中注定的事Ameetingistobeheldat3:00o’clocktomorrow.beabouttodosth.表示“正打算就要”Autumnharvestisabouttostart.w“祈使句+and/or+句子”,这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时 Useyourheadandyouwillfindaway.将来进行时表将来某个时间正在发生的动作,或按计划一定会发生的事情明天这会我正在写作业I’llbedoingmyhomeworkthistimetomorrow. 将来完成时表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情,时间状语非常明显考点一常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间Bytheendofnextmonthhewillh__etr__eled1000milesonfoot.Bythetimeyoureachthestationthetrain______.考点二在时间和条件状语从句中,将来完成时则由现在完成时表示Thechildrenwilldotheirhomeworkthemomenttheyh__earrivedbackfromschool.一般过去时和过去完成的用法区别
1.一般过去时是对现在说话时刻而言的过去完成时则是对过去某一时刻而言.两种时态
2.建立的时间参照点不同对过去完成时来说这一个时间参照点十分重要它是过去完成
3.概念赖以建立的基础也是和一般过去时相区别的重要标准.
2.过去完成时的时间状语常用by和before引导的短语表示如bythattimebytheendof….before2000bythetime+句子等.过去完成时和现在完成时的区别
1.两种时态都常与一段时间和状语连用但现在完成时表示的是延续到现在或同现在有关的动作句中不可有表示过去特定时间的状语而过去完成时表示的是在过去某时之前已经完成或延续到过去某时的动作句中有表示过去特定时间的状语.
2.比较下面的说法Shehadbeenillforaweekbeforeshecameback.她在回来之前就生病一个星期了.回来发生在过去某一时间发病发生在过去的过去Shehasbeenillforaweek.她生病一个星期了.现在仍在生病考点一不能用于被动语态的动词和词组 cometrueconsistoftakepla__happenbecomeriseoccurbelongtobreakoutappeararrive___falllastexistfailsuc__edIttookpla__beforeliberation.考点二下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义而且常与wellquiteeasilybadly等副词连用 ulock锁;wash洗;sell卖;read读;wear穿;write写;break破碎Glassbreakseasily.玻璃容易破碎Thedoorwon’tlock.门锁不上Thebooksellswell.这本书很畅销v当feellook__elltastesound等后面接形容词时;用主动表示被动含义
③wantrequireneed后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义
④beworthdoing用主动形式表示被动含义
⑤在“be+形容词+todo”中,不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语,用主动代被动Thiskindofwaterisn’tfittodrink.Thegirlisn’teasyto_getalongwith.另外betoblame受谴责,betorent/let(出租)也用主动形式表被动4)被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况
①beseated坐着Heisseatedonabench.(Heseatshimselfonabench.)
②behidden躲藏Hewashiddenbehindthedoor.Hehidhimselfbehindthedoor.他藏在门后
③belost迷路
④bedrunk喝醉
⑤bedressed穿着Thegirlwasdressedinaredshortskirt.考点三一些常用经典被动句型Itissaid…Itisreported…Itiswidelybelieved…,Itisexpected…Itisesti__ted…这些句子一般翻译为“据说……”,“人们认为……”,而“以前人们认为……”则应该说Itwasbelieved…Itwasthought…高考时态题精练
1.----myglasses---YesIsawthemonyourbedaminuteago.A.DoyouseeB.HadyouseenC.WouldyouseeD.H__eyouseen
2.Helenherkeysintheoffi__soshehadtowaituntilherhu__andhome.A.Hasleft/comesB.left/hadcomeC.hadleft/cameD.hadleft/wouldcome.
3.----CanIhelpyousir-----YesIboughtthisradiohereyesterdaybutit________A.didn’tworkB.won’tworkC.can’tworkD.doesn’twork
4.IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.Sheataradioshopatthetime.AhasworkedB.wasworkingC.hadbeenworkingD.hadworked
5.WhoisJerryCooperIsawyoushakinghandswithhimatthemeeting.A.Don’tyoumeethimyetB.Hadn’tyoumethimyetC.Didn’tyoumeethimyetD.H__en’tyoumethimyet
6.ShirleyabookaboutChinalastyearbutIdon’tknowwhethershehasfinishedit.A.haswrittenB.wroteC.hadwrittenD.waswriting
7.-----HiTracy.Youlooktired.------Iamtired.Ithelivingroomallday.A.paintedB.hadpaintedC.h__ebeenpaintingD.h__epainted
7.Thepri__butIdoubtwhetheritwillre__inso.A.wentdownB.willgodownC.hasgonedownD.wasgoingdown
8.Iping_pongquitewellbutIh__en’thadtimetoplaysin__thenewyear.A.WillplayB.h__eplayedC.playedD.play
9.----Nancyisnotcomingtonight.-----Butshe.A.promiseB.promisedC.willpromisedD.hadpromised
10.----Alicewhydidn’tyoucomeyesterday-----IbutIhadanunexpectedvisitor.A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.did
11.----Heylookwhereyouaregoing!----OhI’mterriblesorry..A.I’mnotnoticingB.Iwasn’tnoticingC.Ih__en’tnoti__dD.Idon’tnoti__
12.----You’veleftthelighton.----OhsoIh__e.andturnit.A.I’llgoB.I’vegoneC.IgoD.I’mgoing
13.-----Howareyoutoday-----OhIasillasIdonowforaverylongtime.A.didn’tfeelB.wasn’tfeelingC.don’tfeelD.h__en’tfelt
14.ThereportersaidthattheUFOeasttowestwhenhesawit.A.wastr__ellingB.tr__elledC.hadbeentr__ellingD.wastotr__el
15.Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisaneasytaskbecausetechnologysorapidly.A.ischangingB.haschangedC.willh__echangedD.willchange
16.Visitorsnottotouchtheexhibits.A.willrequestB.requestC.arerequestingD.arerequested
17.-----Excusemesir.Wouldyoudomeaf__or-----Ofcourse.Whatisit-----Iifyoucould____mehowtofilloutthisform.A.hadwonderedB.waswonderingC.wouldwonderingD.didwonder
18.IwonderwhyJenny_____usre__ntly.Weshouldh__eheardfromherbynow.A.hasntwrittenB.doesntwriteC.wontwriteD.hadntwritten
19.Idontreallyworkhere.I______untilthenewsecretaryarrives.A.justhelpoutB.h__ejusthelpedoutC.amjusthelpingoutD.willjusthelpout【解析】“我只是在帮忙,直到新秘书到任为止”
20.Hewillh__elearnedEnglishforeightyearsbythetimehe_________fromtheuniversitynextyear.A.willgraduateB.willh__egraduateC.graduatesD.istograduate【解析】bythetime后接定语从句,省略了关系副词when在这种定语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来英语动词时态、语态考点误用
1.对不起,我没看见你在这儿 [误]SorryIdontseeyouhere.[正]SorryIdidn‘tseeyouhere. [析]根据语境,本句是指刚才没看见对方在这,而不是现在没看见对方在这,所以要用一般过去时
2.你能告诉我北京冬天是否下雪吗? [误]Couldyou____meifitsnowedinwinterinBei___g[正]Couldyou____meifitsnowsinwinterinBei___g[析]一般现在时除表示经常性的动作外,还可表示习惯性的动作,即现阶段的一个事实,句中不需要任何经常性的时间状语配合could表示一种客气的语气,不表示过去时态
3.他说他第二天要去合肥出差 [误]HesaidhewillgotoHefeionbusinessthenextday. [正]HesaidhewouldgotoHefeionbusinessthenextday. [析]主句谓语动词为过去时,宾语从句表示过去的将来要发生的动作,要用过去将来时
4.我忘了把你的伞带来了 [误]Iforgettobringyourumbrellawithme. [正]Iforgottobringyourumbrellawithme. [析]不用forget,而用forgot,因为现在已经记起来了,forgot是说话这一时刻之前的动作由于受汉语思维习惯的影响,动词时态观念不强,误把一般现在时当作一般过去时
5.他父亲离开祖国已经50年了 [误]Hisfatherhaslefthishomelandforfiftyyears. [正]Hisfatherhasbeenawayfromhishomelandforfiftyyears. [析]短暂性动词的完成时肯定式不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,要么改为表示状态的动词,要么用下列句式来表达以此句为例 Hisfatherlefthishomelandfiftyyearsago. Itisfiftyyearssin__hisfatherlefthishomeland. Ithasbeenfiftyyearssin__hisfatherlefthishomeland. Fiftyyearsh__epassedsin__hisfatherlefthishomeland.
6.“你去过北京吗?”“是的,我去过” [误]“H__eyougonetoBei___g”“YesIh__egonethere.” [正]“H__eyoubeentoBei___g”“YesIh__ebeenthere.” [析]H__eyougonetoBei___g是“你已经到北京了吗?”,指目前人已在北京或在赴北京的途中说话的时候,显然你已不在北京了,所以说用在这儿不恰当表示“过去曾去过某处而现在又回来了”须用h__ebeen
7.如果明天不下雨,我们就去参观美术展览 [误]Weshallseeanexhibitionofpain-tingsifitwon“traintomorrow. [正]Weshallseeanexhibitionofpain-tingsifitdoesn”traintomorrow. [析]在时间状语从句中,从句要用一般现在时表示将来的动作
8.在过去几年中,我们家乡发生了巨大的变化 [误]Thereweregreatchangesinourhome-towninthepastfewyears. [正]Thereh__ebeengreatchangesinourhometowninthepastfewyears. [析]“In/Duringthepast/last+复数名词”是完成时态的标志之一,不要被past/last所迷惑,而用了过去时
9.我不知道那艘船明天是否会准点到 [误]Iwonderiftheshiparrivesontimetomorrow. [正]Iwonderiftheshipwillarriveontimetomorrow. [析]这里if连接的宾语从句,表示“是否”=whether,而不是条件状语从句,表示“如果”因此根据句意仍需用一般将来时
10.自从1978年以来我们的家乡发生了巨大的变化 [误]Greatchangesh__ebeentakenpla__inourhometownsin__
1978. [正]Greatchangesh__etakenpla__inourhometownsin__
1978. [析]takepla__和happen都是不及物动词或短语,不能用于被动语态
11.那个村也叫国际会议村 [误]ThevillagealsocalledtheInternationalMeetingVillage. [正]ThevillageisalsocalledtheInternationalMeetingVillage. [析]英语被动语态是由“be+动词的过去分词”构成,因此在also前应加is
12.我们学校也教俄语 [误]OurschoolalsoteachesRussian. [正]Russianisalsotaughtinourschool. [析]当动作的执行者没有必要指明或为大家所知时,通常用被动语态显然ourschool不是teach的执行者,而应该是没有表示出来的teachers,因此,要把动作的承受者Russian用作主语,用被动语态来表达
13.我们都认识那位科学家 [误]Thescientistisknownbyusall. [正]Thescientistisknowntousall. [析]by表示动作执行者而表示范围、地点等用法时,要用介词to或in
14.孩子们陆续地走进了博物馆 [误]Themuseumwasenteredbythechildrenonebyone. [正]Thechildrenenteredthemuseumonebyone. [析]某些及物动词,如le__eenterreachjoin等后接表示地点、处所、组织名称的名词作宾语时,不能转换为被动语态
15.他在会上向我们作了自我介绍 [误]Himselfwasintrodu__dtousatthemeetingbyhim. [正]Heintrodu__dhimselftousatthemeeting. [析]反身代词作宾语时,不能转换成被动语态
16.这本__在这儿很畅销 [误]This__gazineissoldwellhere. [正]This__gazinesellswellhere. [析]有些动词,如actaddbrushburncleancookcountcutdrawdrivekeeplocklookopenreadsell__okestrikewashwearwrite等,其主动形式在一些具体场合表示被动意义这类句子的特点是主语往往是物而不是人另外,后面往往带有well这一类副词,或者修饰主语的形容词。