还剩2页未读,继续阅读
文本内容:
奥赛班英语高中英语语法——虚拟语气语气是动词的一种形式,表示说话人对发生的动作或所处的状态所持有的态度和看法英语中有三种语气,即陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气这里主要谈谈虚拟语气,虚拟语气表示的是说话人的主观愿望,假设和虚拟的情况,用在非真实条件句中,表示与事实相反或很难实现的愿望动词的形式有以下几种变化
(1)表示与现在事实相反的假设,非真实条件句中的谓语动词用“过去式(be动词的过去式用were)”,而主句中的谓语动词用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”如IfIwereaboyIwouldjointhearmy.
(2)表示与过去的事实相反,非真实条件句中的谓语动词用过去完成时,主句中的谓语动词则用“would/should/might/could+h__e+过去分词”如Ifhehadtakenmyadvi__hewouldh__esuc__ededinthecompetition.IfIhadknownhertelephonenumberIwouldh__ecalledher.
(3)表示与将来事实相反,非真实条件句中的谓语动词用一般过去时或shouldwereto+动词原形,而主句中的谓语动词则用would/should/couldmight+动词原形如;Ifitweretoraintomorrowthefootball__tchwouldbeputoff.
(4)错综时间虚拟条件句当非真实条件句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整如Iftheyhadworkedhardtheywouldbeverytirednow.从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在Ifshehadnttrainedsohardshewouldntbeabletorunsofast.如果她以前训练没有这么刻苦的话,她现在不可能跑那么快(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反)Ifhehad___dintheaccidenthecouldntstandinfrontofyounow.如果他在那次事故中死去,现在就不会站在你面前以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时,主句和从句谓语动词的形式条件状语从句主句与过去事实相反had+过去分词should/would/could/might+h__e+过去分词与现在事实相反一般过去时be用werewould/should/could/might+动词原形与将来事实相反一般过去时或shouldwereto+动词原形would/should/could/might+动词原形注意有时候可省略if把助动词,情态动词或be动词提前句子则可换成下列形式,即“were/had/should+主语”如WereIaboyIwouldjointhearmy.Hadhetakenmyadvi__hewouldh__esuc__eded.WereitnotfortheexpenseIwouldgotoBritain.虚拟语气在从句的应用
1.在Itishightimethat的句型中,that从句的谓语动词要用过去式表示虚拟语气,但意指“未来”,意思是“是……的时候了”,句中的“that”可以省略例如Itishightimetheyweretaughtalesson.(该是教训他们的时候了)
2.在Ifonly引导的感叹句中,也要用虚拟语气,谓语形式与非真实条件句的从句相同,意为“要是……该多好啊!”或“但愿……”例如Ifonlywehadn’tmisstheclasses!要是我们没有旷课多好啊!
3.虚拟语气在asif/asthough、evenif/eventhough等引导的表语从句或状语从句中,用过去完成时haddone,表示对过去的虚拟;用一般过去时didwere表示对现在和将来的虚拟,如Hediditasifhewereanexpert.Evenifshewerehereshecouldnotsolvetheproblem.
4.在下列主语从句中用虚拟语气,结构为“should+动词原形”Itiswasimportantne__ssarynaturalstrangeurgentthat…Itiswassuggesteddesiredorderedrequiredcom__ndedrequestedthat…例如Itisrequiredthatyoushouldstartbeforeseveno’clock.Itisveryimportantthatoneshould__stertheskillsofcomputer.
5.在某些动词的宾语从句中用虚拟语气,其结构为“(should)+动词原形常见的动词有insistorderde__ndadvisesuggestproposede__ndrequirerequesturge,recommend推荐)等例如,Wesuggestedthatthemeetingshouldbeputoff.Irequiredthatheshouldcometomyoffi__.Heinsistedthatyoushould)beseatedthere.注意
①当suggest不表“建议”而表“暗示”、“表明”时,从句中的谓动不用虚拟语气Herexpressionsuggestedthat)shewasangry.
②当insist表示“坚持认为”,表坚持对已发生事情的看法时宾语从句不用虚拟语气Heinsistedthathehadntstolenthemoney.
6.在某些同位语和表语从句中,用虚拟语气,谓语动词形式should+动词原形常见的名词advi__ideaorderde__ndplanproposalsuggestionrequest等例如OurEnglishteacherg__eadvi__thatweshould__kegooduseofeverychan__tospeakEnglish.
7.虚拟语气在wish引导的宾语从句中的运用1)与现在事实相反过去式例如IwishIknewtheboss.我希望我认识老板2)与过去事实相反had+过去分词IwishIhadplayedbasketballyesterday.我希望我昨天打篮球了3)与将来事实相反could/would/might+动词原形Iwishtheywouldcomeheretonight.我希望今天晚上他们会来这里此外,在Itiswishedthat结构中和以wish作名词时所引导的表语从句或同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气例如Itiswishedthatitwouldn’traintomorrow.要是明天不下雨多好啊!Thewishthathewantedtobeateacherwillcometrue.他想当教师的愿望会实现的
8.wouldrather+从句的用法与wish相同,例如IwouldratherthatIhadn’t__dethemistakes.我宁愿没有犯错误此外,在含有butforwithoutotherwise等词语的句子(即含蓄虚拟条件句)中,要用虚拟语气,谓语动词与非真实条件句的主句相同例如Withoutthedoctor’shelpthepatientscouldn’th__erecoveredsoquickly.没有医生的帮助,这些病人不可能恢复的这么快Iwasn’thereyesterday.OtherwiseIwouldh__es__edthechild.昨天我不在,否则我已经救了那孩子Butforyourmothershelpwewouldnth__efinishedthework.要不是你妈妈帮忙,我们不可能完成这项工作虚拟语气在高考中的应用1.一些常见的虚拟语气的句型或结构2.虚拟语气的特殊形式,即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式3.主从句表示不同的时间概念、事实或假设情况,从而交错成为复合虚拟语气4.含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气的表示愿望的虚拟形式 此外,上述四个要点往往在完形填空或者阅读理解里面存在,完形填空常有一道直接考这方面的知识的题目,而在阅读理解里,我们掌握上述四个重点对于我们理解文章的大意和__态度很有帮助,了解哪些观点是__假设的、虚拟的,哪些是真实的,这样对于我们回答关于__态度观点题很有帮助AppreciatingpoemTodreamanythingthatyouwanttodream.Thatsthebeautyofhu__nkind.Todoanythingthatyouwanttodo.Thatsthestrengthofhu__nwill.Totrustyourselftotestyourlimits.Thatsthecouragetosuc__ed.梦想你想憧憬的一切,这是灵魂之美做你想做的一切,这是意志之坚相信自己,挑战极限,乃成功之必备的勇气虚拟语气练习题精选
1.Ifshehadworkedhardershe______.A.wouldsuc__edB.hadsuc__ededC.shouldsuc__edD.wouldh__esuc__eded
2.IwishI_________youyesterday.A.seenB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee
3.Ifmylawyer__________herelastSaturdayhe__________mefromgoing.A.hadbeenwouldh__epreventedB.hadbeenwouldpreventC.werewouldpreventD.werewouldh__eprevented
4.Withoutelectricityhu__nlife___________quitedifferenttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldh__ebeenD.wouldbe
5.—Ifhe_______he_______thatfood.—Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarnedwouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarnedwouldnoth__etakenC.wouldbewarnedhadnottakenD.wouldh__ebeenwarnedhadnottaken
6.ItoldSallyhowtogettherebutperhapsI___________forher.A.hadtowriteitoutB.musth__ewrittenitoutC.shouldh__ewrittenitoutD.oughttowriteitout
7.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe_________shewouldh__emetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome
8.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwateritlooksasifit___________A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken
9.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe_____inturnyou________sotired.A.drovedidn’tgetB.drovewouldn’tgetC.weredrivingwouldn’tD.haddrivenwouldn’th__egot
10.Thetwostrangerstalkedasifthey________friendsforyears.A.shouldbeB.wouldbeC.h__ebeenD.hadbeen
11.________itraintomorrowweh__etoputoffthevisittoYangpuBridge.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will
12.Ifonlyhe_________quietlyasthedoctorinstructedhewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldlie
13.—Wecouldh__egonetherebybus.—Yesotherwisewe_______late.A.weren’tB.hadn’tbeenC.couldn’tbeD.couldn’th__ebeen
14.Theteacherde__ndedthattheexam______beforeeleven.A.mustfinishB.wouldbefinishedC.befinishedD.mustbefinished
15.Iwouldn’th__esuc__eded___________forhishelpthen.A.hadn’titbeenB.wereitnotC.haditbeennotD.haditnotbeen
16.Ifit______forthesnowwe______themountainyesterday.A.werenotcouldh__eclimbedB.werenotcouldclimbC.hadnotbeencouldh__eclimbedD.hadnotbeencouldclimb奥赛班英语
17.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctoryou_____allrightnow.A.are B.were C.wouldbe D.wouldh__ebeen
18.Thesuggestionhasbeen__de_____thebasketballgame_____putoff.A.for;to B.that;be C.which;shouldbe D.to;being
19.Ifhehadlistenedcarefullyhe________theproblemnow.A.canworkoutB.couldworkoutC.couldh__eworkedoutD.canh__eworkedout
20.IfonlyI______asyoungasyouare!A.beingB.amC.beD.were
21.Isuggestedthere____beakindoflanguageallcouldunderstandanduse____A.can;it B./; / C.would;it D.__y; /
22.She__dethede__ndthatthejournalists_____aton________Iraq.A.le__e;for B.le__e;to C.left;to D.tobeleft;for
23.Whatshouldwedoifit_______tomorrowA.shouldsnowB.wouldsnowC.snowD.willsnow
24.He______thetestbuthewasn’tcarefulenough.A.couldh__epassedB.wereabletopassC.musth__epassedD.mightbeabletopass
25.Theteacherde__ndedthattheexam_____beforeeleven.A.mustfinish B.wouldbefinished C.befinished D.mustbefinished
26.Mothersuggestedwe_________TVbeforeweh__efinishedourhomework.A.notwatchingB.nottowatchC.didn’twatchD.notwatch
27.Thedoctor’swordssuggestedthattheold__n___________seriouslyiii.A.beB.wasC.wereD.tobe
28.OurEnglishteacherinsistedthatit___________importanttostudyEnglishwell.A.beB.wasC.isD.tohe
29.Ifyou______atschoolyou______acollegestudentnow.A.hadstu___dhardwouldh__ebeenB.shouldh__estu___dhardshouldh__ebeenC.hadstu___dhardwouldbeD.wouldstudyhardmusth__ebeen
30.—Wecouldh__ewalkedtothestationitwassonear.—Yes.Ataxi________atallne__ssary.A.wasn’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.won’tbe
31.Afewminutesearlierandwe____thetrain.A.h__ecaughtB.hadcaughtC.couldh__ecaughtD.weretocatch
32.I________yousomemoneybutIhadn’tanyonmethen.A.wouldlendB.wouldh__elentC.couldlendD.__yh__elent
33.She__dethede__ndthatshe_____aton__.A.le__eB.le__esC.leftD.tobeleft
34.Theyoung__ninsistedthathe_________nothingwrongand_________free.A.didsetB.haddoneshouldbesetC.dobesetD.haddonemustbeset
35.—IbefreetomorrowIcouldgowithyou.A.CouldB.ShouldC.MightD.Must基础知识回顾与检测
1.Inordertochangeattitudes________employingwomenthegover__entisbringinginnewlaws.A.aboutB.ofC.towardsD.at
2.Weallliketo__kefriendswithhimbecausehealways________.A.haswordsB.hasawordC.keepshiswordD.keepshiswords
3.Itrainedfortwoweekscompletely________ourholiday.A.ruinedB.ruinC.toruinD.ruining
4.Tomturndownthemusic.Why________you__kesuchabignoisewhileyourbabysisterissleepingA.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.__y
5.Wedon’tdoubt________theboycan________theangryteacher.A.if;apologizeforB.whether;apologizetoC.that;apologizetoD.what;apologize
6.----H__ewe________water----Yes.We’dbettergetsome.A.runoutB.runoutofC.runintoD.runacross
7.—Dadourteachersuggests________widelytoachieveprogressinourwriting.—It’suptoyouto________thedecision.A.reading;__keB.toread;__keC.reading;__kingD.toread;__king
8.________canyouexpecttogetapayrise.A.Onlywithhardwork B.AlthoughworkhardC.Withhardwork D.Nowthatheworkshard
9.Sportplaysanimportantroleinourlives.Someenjoyplaying________othersenjoywatching.A.asB.howeverC.whileD.when
10.Itishightimethatsomeone________youhowtobeh__eyourself.A.taughtB.teachesC.shallteachD.willteach
11.Thisclassroomis__________thatone.A.threetimesbiggerasB.threetimesasbigC.threetimesthesizeofD.asthreetimesbigas
12.Jane__________alotofSpanishbyplayingwiththenativeboysandgirls.A.pickedupB.tookupC.__deupD.turnedup
13.__________ofthelandinthatdistrict___________coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth;isB.Twofifth;areC.Twofifths;isD.Twofifths;are
14.Don’ttryto_________anyexcuseAlan.____mewhyyoudidn’tcometoschooltoday.A.showupB.__keupC.giveupD.stepup
15.HewasborninBeijingand_____byhisgrand__inaseasidevillage.A.broughtinB.broughtoutC.broughtupD.broughtback
16.Afterthefloodtherewerehundredsofhomelesspeoplethatneeded_____.A.rescuedB.beingrescuedC.torescueD.toberescued17.Doyouh__eanyondrunkdrivingA.accountB.commentC.sum__ryD.belief
18.Isimplycouldn’tunderstandhowit_____thatyoudidsomuchworkwithinsuchashorttime.A.cameaboutB.camebackC.cameupD.camealong19.Theworkersareworkingveryhard__________theycanfinishtheirworkaheadoftime.A.inordertoB.soastoC.asifD.sothat20.Hiswife________himtostop__okingbuthedidn’tlisten.A.advisedB.persuadedC.suggestedD.for__d21.---Hehasbeenplayingcomputergamestheseweeks.---It’sno______hedidn’tdowellinthetestthistime.A.wonderB.__tterC.surpriseD.problem22.Theyofferedalotofusefulinfor__tionforyourreport.Icanunderstandhowyoumustbefeelingnow.A.willingB.upsetC.gratefulD.curious23.Thegover__entwill____thelocalvillagersfortheirtakingcareoftheyoungtreesplantedthisspring.A.rewardB.recoverC.rescueD.request24.Thelargehousewhichissurroundedbytreesandflowersiswhatshewants.A.directlyB.exactlyC.graduallyD.extremely25.OnenteringmymotherschoolI’msurprisedatitsgreatchangesespeciallytheharmony协调ofcolorwhich____itsbeauty.A.addsupB.addstoC.addsinD.addsupto26.Weareaskedtotakedetailednotesinclassbecausetheyaremorethanourmemory.A.activeB.reliableC.honestD.stubborn27.RunningfromGansuprovin__toHebeiprovin__theGreatWallis____asoneoftheeightwondersintheworld.A.com__ndedB.realizedC.recognizedD.found28.MorepeoplearebeginningtobuythingsthroughtheInternet.Doyouthinkshoppingonlinewilltakethepla__of代替shoppinginstoresA.especiallyB.frequentlyC.finallyD.properly29.They______laughingnowandthenwhilewatchingoneofCharlieChaplin’sfilms.A.setdownB.setoutC.burstintoD.burstout30.—H__eyoufoundshewasupsetre__ntlyShewashurtbywhatyousaid.—I’mreallysorrybutIdidn’tdoit_____.A.afterallB.onpurposeC.byaccidentD.asusual31.Mikeisex__llentin__th_________hedidn’tpassthefinalexamthistime.A.forexampleB.believeitornotC.asusualD.asa__tteroffact32.Hehas__deprogressinhisEnglish_________keshisfatherveryhappy.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which
33.You__ydependitwon’thappenagain.A.thatB.onthatC.onitthatD.onit
34.Heisasaleaderbuthehasn’tinteaching.A.suc__ss;__nyexperien__sB.asuc__ss;muchexperien__C.greatsuc__ss;anexperien__D.agreatsuc__ss;alotofexperien__s
35.Thankyouforthetroublemewiththework.A.h__ing;helpingB.taking;helpingC.taking;tohelpD.h__ing;tohelp
36.—Didyouscoldhimforhismistake—Yesbut_____it.A.I’drathernotdoB.I’dbetternotdoC.I’drathernoth__edoneD.I’dbetterh__enotdone
37.Itis____wasteoftimeforyoungmentodevotethemselvestoplayingcomputergameson___Internetonlyfor_____pleasure.A./;the;/B.the;the;/C.a;the;aD.a;the;/
38.Ithought_____nousetalkingwithhim._____wasawasteoftime.A.there…ThereB.it…ItC.there…ItD.it…There
39.—I’mthinkingoflosingweightthesedays.—Ohyoubeoutofyourmind.You’re50kilogramsatthemost!A.willB.shouldC.__yD.must
40._____myfinishingreadingthenovelyoushallh__eitimmediately.A.OnB.AtC.ForD.With
41.---WhydoyousuggestGulin---Ibelieve_____beautyof____naturetherewill__ke_____ex__llentimpressionuponthetourists.A.atheanB.thetheanC.the/theD.the/an
42.Whetherbyaccidentorhearrivedtoolatetohelpus.A.purposeB.aimC.designD.chan__
43.—ShallIgoandbuytwomorebottlesofbeer—NoI’vealreadyboughttwenty.That_____beenoughforustwo.A.canB.__yC.oughttoD.might
44.Hehadpromisedmetocometothe_____and_____.A.sodidheB.sohedidC.sohewouldD.sowouldhe
45.—Hehasn’tfinishedtheworkyet.—Wellhe_____.A.oughtB.oughttoC.oughttoh__eD.oughttoh__efinished书面表达你的英国笔友Linda来信说她家搬到了一个新城市,她每天除了上课就是在家上网,感觉生活很单调请你给她写一封e-__il,劝她多结交朋友,多参加社会活动词数100左右开头、结尾已给出,不计入总词数DearLindaBestwishes!Sin__relyyoursFancy。