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英语难点--连词的误用重点诠释 短文改错一般不会考查生僻的语言知识,但每年总有一两处较难的错误,水平一般的学生很难改出来 说到连词,好多考生对此一知半解,因为连词的种类非常多,有并列连词(连接并列句),有从属连词(引导复合句),而从属连词引导的从句又可分为三类名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句尤其应注意的是有些连词可引导不止一种从句,具有多重功能,这往往是学习的难点,也是易混点难点回顾
1.as可引导多种从句,如时间状语从句、原因状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句、比较状语从句以及定语从句[误]Whichyoucanseeheisalwaysreadytohelpothers.[正]Asyoucanseeheisalwaysreadytohelpothers.[析]as引导非限制性定语从句,当正像讲[误]DolikeItoldyou.[正]DoasItoldyou.[析]like是介词;as是连词,在这里作按照讲,引导方式状语从句[误]Hewasreadingthenhewaswalking.[正]Hewasreadingashewaswalking.[析]as强调两个动作同时进行,作一边……一边……讲[误]Asheisyoungheknowsalot.[正]Youngasheisheknowsalot.[析]as引导的让步状语从句应用倒装语序,应把表语提前
2.that可引导多种从句,如定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句等[误]Youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.[正]Thatyoudon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.[析]that引导主语从句,本身无实际意义,但不能省略[误]Thethiefhandedeverythingwhichhehadstolentothepoli__.[正]Thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepoli__.[析]everything是不定代词,因此后面的定语从句只能由that引导[误]Iamhappyasyoupassedtheexam.[正]Iamhappythatyoupassedtheexam.[析]that在形容词后面引导原因状语从句,不能用as
3.where可引导多种从句,如定语从句、状语从句以及名词性从句[误]Gotofindyourwatch.It’stherewhereyouleftit.[正]Gotofindyourwatch.It’swhereyouleftit.[析]where引导表语从句,相当于atthepla__where[误]Thepla__wherethereiswaterthereislife.[正]Wherethereiswaterthereislife.[析]where引导地点状语从句,可以放在主句的前面,也可以放在主句的后面[误]Ican’trememberinwhichpla__Imethim.[正]Ican’trememberwhereImethim.[析]where引导宾语从句,不能用inwhich
4.what可引导感叹句、特殊疑问句、名词性从句等[误]Howaninterestingstoryhetoldus![正]Whataninterestingstoryhetoldus![析]Whataninterestingstory!=Howinterestingastory![误]Ican’trememberthethingwhathetoldme.[正]Ican’trememberwhathetoldme.[析]what引导宾语从句,相当于thethingthat
5.no__tter+what/who...与whatever/whoever...的区别前者只能引导让步状语从句,而后者既可引导让步状语从句,也可引导名词性从句[误]Iwill__kefriendswithno__tterwhosharesmyinterest.[正]Iwill__kefriendswithwhoeversharesmyinterest.[析]引导名词性从句时只能用whoever[误]Youmusthandinno__tterwhatyou’vefound.[正]Youmusthandinwhateveryou’vefound.[析]引导名词性从句时只能用whatever
6.whether和if的区别两者引导名词性从句时都是从属连词,作是否讲,本身不作成分,此时句子中往往出现表示不肯定意义的一些短语,如notsure/__rtainnotknown/decided...isstillquestiondependon等whether和if引导动词后的宾语从句时可互换,但下列情况一般只能用whether:1引导介词后的宾语从句;
(2)引导主语从句;
(3)引导表语从句;
(4)引导同位语从句;
(5)后面出现ornot[误]Ifyoucanpasstheexamdependsonhowhardyouwork.[正]Whetheryoucanpasstheexamdependsonhowhardyouwork.[析]引导主语从句只能用whether
7.whilewhenas引导时间状语从句时的区别while只能表示在一段时间或过程中,即只能表示时间的一段,后面一般用进行时或表示状态的结构;when可以表示一段时间,也可表示时间的一点;as引导时间状语从句时,表示两个动作同时进行,作一边……一边……讲[误]IpickedupsomeFrenchwordsasIwash__ingaholidayinParis.[正]IpickedupsomeFrenchwordswhileIwash__ingaholidayinParis.[析]while强调在……过程中;as说明两个动作同时进行[误]Wewereh__ingclasseswhilesomeoneknockedatthedoor.[正]Wewereh__ingclasseswhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.[析]when可表示时间的一点,而while不能
8.becauseassin__nowthat引导原因状语从句时的区别because引导原因状语从句时,表示直接的原因,可以回答why的提问;as只能是一种附加的理由,不能回答why的提问;sin__nowthat多表示双方都已很清楚的事实,作既然讲[误]Becausewe’vefinishedmostoftheworklet’sh__earest.[正]Sin__Nowthatwe’vefinishedmostoftheworklet’sh__earest.[析]表示大家都清楚的理由用sin__nowthat
9.however和as引导让步状语从句时的区别however引导让步状语从句时,相当于no__tterhow后面跟形容词或副词;as引导让步状语从句时,用倒装语序,即把作状语的副词或作表语的形容词或名词提前,而且如果作表语的是单数名词,前面不加冠词,也可以把谓语动词部分的实义动词提前[误]Ashardheworkshecan’tcatchupwithhisclas__ates.[正]Howeverhardheworkshecan’tcatchupwithhisclas__ates.[析]见上述说明[误]Amodelworkerheishere__insmodest.[正]Modelworkerasheishere__insmodest.[析]as引导让步状语从句,前面的单数名词前不加冠词典例调研[例1]Youmustputthingsthereyoucanfindthem.there→where此处应由where引导地点状语从句[例2]Irememberthetimeasmygrandmotherwas____ingstoriestome.as→whenwhen引导名词性从句,表示……的时候[例3]Achildashewashelookedquitecalminthatdifficultsituation.去掉A,child的首字母大写as引导让步状语从句时,前面作表语的单数名词前不加冠词[例4]Don’t__kefriendswithsuchpeoplethatyouthinkaredishonest.that→assuch...as...搭配在一起用,as引导定语从句[例5]HehadbeenadmittedbyBei___gUniversity__deusveryhappy.句首加That把He改为hethat引导名词性从句,本身无实际意义,也不作成分,但不能省略【指导•借鉴】 对这些有着多重作用的引导词,大家应通过类比找出它们的异同点,深刻体会它们在不同从句中的作用,然后灵活运用强化闯关
1.Anyonele__estheroomlastshouldremembertolockthedoor.
2.Heiswillingtohelpno__tterwhoisintrouble.
3.Whobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.
4.Thepla__hehasgoneisnotknownyet.
5.Iwillbuythedictionaryasitisexpensive.
6.Hesaidthathewoulddoallwhathecouldtohelpus.
7.Thethingwhathehaddonesurprisedeverybody.
8.Aseverybodyisherelet’sbeginourdiscussion.
9.Wewillfinishtheworkontimehoweverdifficultieswemeet.答案及解析
1.Anyone→Whoever或Anyonewhowhoever可以直接用来引导名词性从句,相当于anyonewho
2.no__tterwho→whoever引导宾语从句应用whoever
3.Who→Whoeverwho和whoever都可引导名词性从句,但whoever泛指任何人,具有强调语气,who往往指一定的对象
4.Thepla__→Wherewhere可以直接用来引导主语从句
5.as→although此处让步状语从句是正常语序,因此应用although
6.what→that或去掉whatwhat不能引导定语从句
7.去掉Thething把what的首字母大写what可以直接引导主语从句
8.As→Sin__sin__引导原因状语从句,表示大家都清楚的原因
9.however→whateverhowever引导让步状语从句时相当于no__tterhow后面跟形容词或副词;whatever引导让步状语从句时,相当于no__tterwhat,后面跟名词。