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英语非谓语动词讲解及练习分词(
①现在分词doing
②过去分词done)非谓语动词不定式todo动名词doing根据时态和语态(主动与被动),它们有不同的变化形式,如现在分词doing:有beingdone(被动式);h__ingdone(完成式);h__ingbeendone(完成被动式)不定式todo:有tobedone(被动式);toh__edone(完成式);tobedoing(进行式)动名词doing:有h__ingdone(完成式;beingdone(被动式);非谓语动词的特点三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征,虽然它们没有人称和数的变化,但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语它们都有各自的特征分词具有形容词和副词的特征;动名词具有名词的特征;不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征具体来讲分词在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等;动名词在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语等;不定式在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、补足语或状语1.动词不定式1.Tolearnaforeignlanguageisdifficult.(动词不定式作主语)2.Hiswishistobeadriver.(动词不定式作表语)3.Tomwantedtoh__eacupofbeer.(动词不定式作宾语)4.Theteachertoldustodomorningexercises.(动词不定式作宾补)5.Ih__enothingtosay.(动词不定式作定语)6.Theywenttoseetheiraunt.(动词不定式作目的状语)7.It’seasytoseetheiraunt.(动词不定式作真正主语,it代替不定式作形式主语)8.Idon’tknowwhattodo.(带有连接代词的动词不定式作宾语)9.Iheardthem__keanoise.(不带to的动词不定式作宾补)掌握动词不定式应注意的几个问题1.“to”是不定式符号还是介词,下列短语中的to都是介词agreeto、o__ectto、closeto、cometo,leadtorefertoequaltofamiliartopointtothanktodevotetonexttobelongtobeusedtolookforwardto2.带to还是不带toIh__enochoi__buttogiveinIcannotdoanythingbutgiveinIsawhimentertheclassroom.但是Hewasseentoentertheclassroom.(hear、see、watch等感官动词表被动时不能省略to.)例Hewasseentoplayinthestreetjustnow.3.动词不定式逻辑主语是由for作为标记的但是有时用of.句式Itis+adj+of__todosth.Itis+adj+for__todosth.It’sne__ssaryforyoutostudyhard.(表事物的性质)It’sfoolishofhimtodoit.(表某人的品质)与of连用的形容词有goodkindni__wisefoolishrightcarefulcarelesspolite等表示人品格的词语4.后接不定式作宾语的动词有wanthopewishlikebegintryneedforgetagreeknowpromiseteachrefusehelparrangedaredecidedeterminefail__nageofferpreparecontinueaskmeanchooseexpectetc.需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语,而要用it做形式宾语例如通常不说Wethinktoobeythelawsisimportant.而说Wethinkitimportanttoobeythelaws.5.不定式的省略下列短语中,如果意义明确,常常省略到towanttowishtohopetoliketohatetoplantotrytolovetoh__etooughttoneedtousedtobeableto1介词ex__pt/but后省略to的情况用作介词ex__ptbut宾语的不定式有时带to,有时不带to其大致原则是若其前出现了动词do,其后的不定式通常不带to;若其前没有出现动词do,则其后的不定式通常带to如Ihadnochoi__buttowait.除了等,___别的选择Hewantednothingbuttostaythere.他只想留在那儿2主语带to表语带to的情况当主语部分有动词do的某种形式时,用作表语的不定式可以省略to如Allyoudonowistocompletetheform.你现在要做的只是把这张表填好Theonlythingtodonowistogoon.前进是现在唯一的出路WhatI’lldoisto____herthetruth.我要做的就是告诉她__3)并列不定式省略to的情况当两个或多个作用相同的不定式并列时,通常只需在第一个不定式前用to,其余不定式前的to可以省略如Hetoldmetostaythereandwaitforhim.他叫我在那儿等他Itiseasiertopersuadepeoplethantofor__them.说服人容易,强迫人难但是,如果两者有对比关系,则后面不定式前的to不可省略如Totryandfailisbetterthannottotryatall.尝试而失败总比不尝试好6.不定式作定语,应注意两种关系1)动宾关系Hehasalotofmeetingtoattend.Pleaselendmesomethingtowritewith.HeislookingforaroomtoliveHeislookingforaroomtolivein.Hehasnomoneyandnopla__tolivein.Ithinkthebestwaytotr__elbyisonfoot.Thereisnotimetothinkabout.2)主谓关系Sheisalwaysthelastpersontospeakatthemeeting.----I’llgotothepostoffi__forIh__ealettertopost.逻辑主语是I-------Thanks.ButIh__enoletterstobepostednow逻辑主语不是I7.不定式作状语,可以有以下几种意义1)原因Heisluckytogethereontime.这种结构中常用的形容词有happygladdelightedpleasedsorryeageranxious.luckyfortunateproudangrysurprisedfrighteneddisappointedreadycleverfoolishworthy2目的Hecametohelpmewithmy__ths.3结果Ihurriedtogetthereonlytofindhimout.Thebookistoohardfortheboytoread.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.
8.不定式作补足语Isawhimplayinthestreetjustnow.能跟不带to的不定式作补足语的动词有seefeelhearlistentolookatwatchleth__e__keobservenoti__注:当这些词为被动式时,不定式要带to如Hewasseentoplayinthestreetjustnow.二.动名词LearningEnglishisverydifficult.Hisjobisdrivingabus.Ienjoydancing.Ih__egotusedtolivinginthecountry.Takesomesleepingtabletsandyouwillsoonfallasleep.注意以下几种结构1.There’sno____ingwhatwillhappen.=It’simpossibleto____whatwillhappen.=Noonecan____whatwillhappen.2.It’snousetalkingwithhim.It’snogoodspeakingtothemlikethat.3.There’ssomedifficultyindoing…在此句型中difficulty可以由以下单词替换:troubleproblemfunpleasureagoodtimeahardtime注:1.下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别,forgettodo…/forgetdoing…remembertodo…/rememberdoing…meantodo…/meandoing…regrettodo…/regretdoing…can’thelptodo…/can’thelpdoing…trytodo…/trydoinglearntodo…学着去做某事/learndoing…学会做某事stoptodo…/stopdoing…goontodo…/goondoing…usedtodo…过去做某事/beusedtodoing…习惯做某事2.动名词作定语与现在分词作定语意义有区别动名词作定语表达n+fordoing的含义现在分词作定语表达n+whichwhobedoing的含义如asleepingcar=acarforsleepingarunninghorse=ahorsewhichisrunning前者是动名词,后者是现在分词又如drinkingwaterwalkingstickrunningwatersleepingboy3.动名词的逻辑主语动名词的逻辑主语为代词或名词的所有格形式例如Hiscoming__deusveryhappy.4.动名词的语态和时态5.动名词主动形式表被动的情况needdoingwantdoingrequiredoing例如Thisroomneedspainting.这个__需要粉刷6.只能跟动名词作宾语的动词admit__oidadviseconsiderdelaydenyenjoyescapeexcusefancyfinishcompleteforbidi__ginemindmisspermit.practi__requiresuggestriskkeeptaketolookforwardtogetdowntofeellikecan’thelpcan’tstandbeusedtoinsistonsuc__edinsetaboutgiveupinclude三.分词过去分词、现在分词
1.Thestoryisinteresting.I’minterestedinit.
2.Thisisamovingfilm.
3.Heworkedlateintothenightpreparingaspeechforthepresident.
4.GivenmoretimeI’lldoitwell.
5.WhenIpassedthestreetIsawthethiefstealingmoneyfromthebank.应注意的几个问题1.现在分词与过去分词的区别Doyouknowthewo__ntalkingtoTom=Doyouknowthewo__nwhoistalkingtoTomThesol___rwoundedinthewarhasbecomeadoctor.=Thesol___rwhowaswoundedinthewarhasbecomeadoctor.ChinaisadevelopingcountryandAmericaisadevelopedcountry.2.分词作表语Thenewssoundsencouraging.Theygotveryexcited.1)现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别Thenewsisinteresting.(interesting表事物news的性质)Heisinterestedinthenews.(interested表人he的习惯特征)doing作表语,主语与表语是主谓关系;done作表语,主语与表语是动宾关系2)表语与被动式的区别TheblackboardwasbrokenbyXiaoMing.(强调动作)Theblackboardisbroken.You’dbetterh__eitrepaired.(强调状态)3)常作表语的过去分词amusedinjuredcoveredknowndressedlostbrokengonedelightedexcitedpleasedsatisfied__rriedworriedsurprisedinterestedburntshutcrowdedwoundeddrankdoneThesituationinourcountryisencouraging.表语现在分词、动名词现在进行时的区别3.Thesituationinourcountryisencouragingthepeople.现在进行时Myjobislookingafterthelittlebaby.动名词能回答how-question的是现在分词,能回答what-question的动名词,即不能回答how-question也不能回答what-question的是现在进行时例如HowisthesituationinourcountryItisencouraging.WhatisyourjobMyjobislookingafterthelittlebaby.4.注意的四种结构h__esomethingtodo有某事要做h__esomethingdone使某事被做h__esomebodydosomething使某人做某事h__esomethingdoing让某事一直做着5.需要跟反身代词作宾语的动词seatpreparehidedress如Iseatedmyselfonthechair.Iwasseatedonthechair.6.分词做状语与不定式的区别分词做状语表示时间原因让步条件方式伴随等;而不定式表示目的和结果H__ingfinishedthehomeworkIwenthome.(时间)Beinga_____memberIshouldworkhard.(原因)GivenmoretimeIcandomyworkbetter.(条件)Heranoutoftheclassroomshoutingattheboy.(伴随)Togetmoreknowledgewemustworkharderandharder.目的Heisoldenoughtojointhearmy.(结果)7.分词、动名词和不定式作定语的区别arunninghorse现在分词=ahorsethatisrunningafallenleaf过去分词=aleafthathasalreadyfallenawalkingstick动名词=astickforwalkingsomethingtodo不定式=somethingthatIshoulddo8.不定式被动式、分词的被动式和过去分词的区别Ih__eaproblemtobediscussedatthemeeting.将来ThebuildingbeingbuiltontheriveristheaMuseum.(正在进行)Thebuildingcompleted2yearsagoisnowinbadconditions.(过去)9.分词做状语需要注意的一个问题分词与句子主语的逻辑关系Seeingfromthehillthecitylooksbeautiful.错误Seenfromthehillthecitylooksbeautiful.(正确)Seeing与thecity不是主谓关系;seen与city是动宾关系I.单项选择
1.Mostofthepeople_____tothe_____werefamousscientists.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.inviting
2.________nytimesbuthestillcouldn’tunderstandit.A.H__ingbeingtoldB.ThoughhadbeentoldC.HewastoldD.H__ingtold
3.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_____onabigrockbythesideofthepath.A.toh__erestedB.testingC.torestD.rest
4.Thenextmorningshefoundthe__n______inbeddead.A.lyingB.lieC.layD.laying
5.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesisto__kelifeeasier_______itmoredifficult.A.to__keB.notto__keC.not__kingD.tonot__ke
6.TheOlympicGames_____in776B.C.didnotincludewomenplaysuntil
1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying
7.---Youwerebr__eenoughtoraiseo__ectionsatthemeeting.----WellnowIregret____________that.A.todoB.tobedoingC.toh__edoneD.h__ingdone
8.ThevisitingMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwithtalks_______thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.A.h__ingaddedB.toaddC.addingD.added
9._______areplyhedecidedtowriteagain.A.Notre__ivingB.Re__ivingnotC.Noth__ingre__ivedD.H__ingnotre__ived
10.Thespeakerraisedhisvoi__buthestillcouldn’t__kehimself________.A.hearB.tohearC.hearingD.heardRobertissaid___abroadbutIdon’tknowwhatcountrybestu___din.toh__estu___dB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.toh__ebeenstudyingII完成句子
11.Whenyouarefinishedwiththeelectricirondon’tforget_____关掉它.turn(09湖北卷
12._____获得奖学金g__e__rtinthechan__togotoacollegeinoneofthenorthernstates.win(09湖北卷)
13.____________油漆成red,thebuildingstandsoutamongtherestandlooksveryattractive.paint(10湖北卷)
14.____________不会用acomputer__kesitmoredifficultforhimtodohisacademicresearch.use(10湖北卷)
15.Itwascoldanddumpthe__npulleduphiscollatandputhishandstohis_____冻僵了的脸.freeze11湖北卷
16.Anumberofpaintingsinthiscastlearebelieved被毁掉inafirein
2009.destroy11湖北卷)
17._______把钥匙握在手上,helookedforthemeverywhere.hold11湖北卷
18.With________someani__lsarefacingthedangerofdyingout.cut由于越来越多的森林被砍伐,一些动物正面临着灭绝的危险12湖北卷
19.Popularly________Americanfilmsever__deTheGodfatherisamilestoneofcine__.regard《教父》被普遍认为是美国有史以来最好的影片之一,是电影界的一个里程碑(12湖北卷)
20.Thesol___rwasabsentfromhiscampforthreedayswithout________.ask这个士兵没有请假就离开营地三天(12湖北卷)
21.Not______myparentsIfailedtogotoadra__schoolwheremyinterestlay.persuade由于没有说服我父母,我没能上戏剧学校,而那才是我的兴趣所在(13湖北卷
22.AstimeispressingIthink__________isthebestwaytogetfromheretotheconferen____ntre.take由于时间紧迫,我认为从这里去会议中心最好的办法是乘出租车(13湖北卷)答案I.
1.A
2.C
3.C
4.A
5.B
6.C
7.D
8.C
9.C
10.DII.
11.toturnitoff
12.Winningascholarship
13.Painted/H__ingbeenpainted
14.Notbeingabletouse/Beingunabletouse/notknowinghowtouse
15.frozenfa__
16.toh__ebeendestroyed
17.Holdingthe/hiskeysinthe/hishandWiththekeysheldinthe/hishandThekeysheldinthe/hishand
18.moreandmoreforests/treesbeingcutdown
19.regardedasoneofthebest
20.askingforle__efirst
21.h__ingpersuaded
22.takingataxi/totakeataxi。