还剩7页未读,继续阅读
文本内容:
词性实词,有实在意义,在句子中能__承担句子成分,而且还有一个重要的特点,那就是,实词有词形的变化,尤其是动词,可谓变化多端
1、名词n.表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称如boy,morning,bag,ball,class,orange.
2、代词pron.主要用来代替名词如who,she,you,it.
3、形容词adj..表示人或事物的性质或特征如good,right,white,orange.
4、数词num.表示数目或事物的顺序如one,two,three,first,second,third,fourth.
5、动词v.表示动作或状态如am,is,are,h__e,see.
6、副词adv.修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等如now,very,here,often,quietly,slowly.虚词没有多少实在意义,在句子中不能__承担句子成分,而且还有一个重要的特点,那就是,虚词没有词形的变化
7、冠词art..用在名词前,帮助说明名词如a,an,the.
8、介词prep.表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系如in,on,from,above,behind.
9、连词conj.用来连接词、短语或句子如and,but,before.
10、感叹词interj..表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情如oh,well,hi,hello.常见后缀名词n.1.-er(or)engineer,driver,teacher,director,actor2.-ship leadership,friendship,membership3.-tion,-ion education,organization4.-ment development,movement5.-ness;happiness,usefulness,kindness
6.-ity(ty)activity,ability动词v.1.-ify beautify,simplify2.-ize;-en意为使……,变得……modernize,widen形容词adj.1.-ful useful,hopeful,helpful,2.-less意为没有,无harmless,hopeless,meaningless
3.-y:sunnyrainysandy4.-some troublesome,wholesome5.-able(ible)changeable,readable,drinkable,comfortable6.-al cultural,personal
7.-ous dangerous,delicious8.-iveattractive,talkative,constructive,sensitive
9.-ing通常说明物-ed通常说明人这样成对的形容词有interested/interesting;excited/exciting;surprised/surprising;disappointed/disappointing副词adv.1.-ly happily,strangely2.-ward表示方向forward,eastward3.-wise likewise形容vs副词形容词“…的”副词,“…地”通常,形容词+ly就是该词的副词(词尾有e先去e、有y先把y变i)不是所有ly结尾的词都是副词,例如friendlylovelylonelysillyugly等大多是用来描述人的品质的形容词句子成分
1、主语 表示句子所说的是“谁”或“什么事物”,由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当 HelikeswatchingTV.他喜欢看电视
2、谓语说明主语的动作或状态状态或特征由动词或短语动词构成有不同的时态语态Imissyou.
3、表语位于系动词如be之后的成分(谓语的一部分) Mysisterisanurse.我姐姐是护士
4、宾语 宾语表示主语做什么,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词等 WelikeEnglish.我们喜欢英语
5、定语 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语用作定语的主要是形容词,代词,数词,名词等通常放在被修饰的词前面 Heisanewstudent.他是个新生
6、状语表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等通常是副词,介词短语,不定式和从句等放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首 HelivesinLondon.他住在伦敦很多时候主语和谓语不是一个词而是由几个词构成,我们称之为主语部分和谓语部分代词人称代词主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem物主代词形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir+名词名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs反身代词myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves相单于形容词性物主代词+名词故其后不必加名词如IsthisyourbookNoitisn’tit’shersherbook指示代词thisthatthesethose“这个”“那个”“这些”“那些”冠词a、an、the用法的区分“一个”、“那个”情态动词cancould能__ymight可能must必须need需要neededwillwould将shallshould)应该daredared敢h__eto不得不oughtto应该Therebe结构表达“有…”与h__e的比较1用法不同therebe表示某个时间或地方“存在”某人或某物,而h__e表示主语“拥有”某人或某物,作宾语的某人或某物属主语所有2结构不同therebe+__./sth.+时间/地点;__./sth.+h__e+__./sth.例如Therearesomechildreninthegarden.花园里有几个孩子Shehasthreecars.她拥有三辆汽车汽车是属于她的被动语态由“be+v过去分词”构成现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成一般现在时主语+am/is/are+taught一般过去时主语+was/were+taught一般将来时主语+will/shallbe+taught现在进行时主语+am/is/arebeing+taught过去进行时主语+h__e/hasbeen+taught现在完成时主语+h__e/hasbeen+taught时态
1.一般现在时:主语+v.+s/es/v系e.gWecleantheroomeveryday.
2.一般过去时:主语+v-ed过去式/v系e.gWecleanedtheroomjustnow.
3.现在进行时:主语+am/is/are+v-inge.gWearecleaningtheroomnow.
4.过去进行时:主语+was/weredoing+v-inge.gWewerecheaningtheroomat5:00yesterday.
5.现在完成时:主语+h__e/hasdone+v-ed过去分词e.g:Weh__ecleanedtheroomalready.
6.过去完成时:主语+haddone+v-ed过去分词e.gWehadcleanedtheroombeforehearrived.
7.一般将来时:主语+will+v原e.gWewillcleantheroomtomorrow.
8.过去将来时:主语+was/wereto/would+v原e.gHesaidhewouldcleantheroomnext.
一、一般现在时概念经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况结构:主语+v.+s/es/v系否定形式主语+did+v原主语+was/were+not(wasn’tweren’t)时间状语alwaysusuallyoftensometimeseveryweekdayyearmonth…
二、一般过去时概念过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为时间状语agoyesterdaylastweekyearnightmonth…结构主语+v-ed过去式/v系否定形式
①主语+was/were+not;
②主语+didnt+v原
三、现在进行时概念表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为例Thewo__nistalkingtothedoctor.时间状语nowatthistimethesedaysetc.基本结构主语+am/is/are+doing否定形式主语+am/is/are+not+doing.
四、过去进行时概念表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作例Wewerecopyingthenewwordsthistimeyesterday.时间状语atthistimeyesterdayatthattime或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等基本结构主语+was/were+doing否定形式主语+was/were+not+doing.
五、现在完成时概念过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态例Ih__ealreadyfinishedmyhomework时间状语re__ntlylatelysin__…for…inthepastfewyearsetc.基本结构主语+h__e/has+done否定形式主语+h__e/has+not+done.
六、过去完成时概念以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”例TheclasshadalreadybegunwhenIcametoschool.时间状语beforebytheendoflastyeartermmonth…etc.基本结构主语+had+done.否定形式主语+had+not+done.
七、一般将来时概念表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事例Wearegoingtoh__eavolleyball__tchtomorrow.时间状语tomorrownextdayweekmonthyear…sooninafewminutesby…thedayaftertomorrowetc.基本结构
①主语+am/is/aregoingto+do;
②主语+will/shall+do.否定形式
①主语+am/is/aregoingnotto+do;
②主语+will/shallnot+do
八、过去将来时概念立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中例DidyouaskKatewhethertheywouldflytoEgypt?时间状语thenextdaymorningyear…thefollowingmonthweek…etc.基本结构
①主语+was/weregoingto+do;
②主语+would/should+do.否定形式
①主语+was/were/not+goingto+do;
②主语+would/should+not+do.常用不规则动词分类表
1.A---A---A型(现在式、过去式和过去分词同形)costcostcost花费cutcutcut割,切hithithit打letletlet让putputput放下readreadread读hurthurthurt伤
2.A---A---B型(现在式和过去式同形)beatbeatbeaten打
3.A---B---A型(现在式和过去分词同形)comecamecome来becomebecamebecome变runranrun跑
4.A---B---B型
(1)在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词burnburntburnt燃烧learnlearned/learntlearned/learnt学习meanmeantmeant意思hearheardheard听见
(2)把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”构成过去式或过去分词buildbuiltbuilt建筑lendlentlent借给loselostlost失去sendsentsent送spendspentspent花费
(3)其他paypaidpaid付laylaidlaid下蛋saysaidsaid说bringbroughtbrought带来buyboughtbought买thinkthoughtthought想sleepsleptslept睡keepkeptkept保持sweepsweptswept扫standstoodstood站understandunderstoodunderstood明白winwonwon得胜shineshone/shinedshone/shined发光catchcaughtcaught抓住teachtaughttaught教feelfeltfelt觉得fightfoughtfought战斗findfoundfound发现getgotgot得到hanghanged/hunghanged/hung绞死,挂h__ehadhad有holdheldheld盛,握le__eleftleft离开__ke__de__de制造meetmetmet遇见sellsoldsold卖shootshotshot射击____toldtold告诉__ell__elt/__elled__elt/__elled嗅,闻sitsatsat坐digdugdug挖
5.A---B---C型(现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同)
(1)在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词eatateeaten吃fallfellfallen落下stealstolestolen偷giveg__egiven给freezefrozefrozen冻结taketooktaken拿seesawseen看见writewrotewritten写rideroderidden骑drivedrovedriven驾驶throwthrewthrown抛,扔blowblewblown吹growgrewgrown生长knowknewknown知道flyflewflown飞drawdrewdrawn拉,绘画showshowedshown展示
(2)过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词speakspokespoken说话breakbrokebroken破碎,折断wakewaked/wokewaked/waken醒choosechosechosen选择forgetforgotforgotten忘记
(3)变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”(过去式)和“u”(过去分词)beginbeganbegun开始ringrangrung按铃singsangsung唱sinksanksunk沉swimswamswum游泳drinkdrankdrunk饮
(4)其他不规则动词的变化beamiswas/werebeen是bearewerebeen是dodiddone做gowentgone去lielaylain躺wearworeworn穿。