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语法复习专题
(12)Unit12定语从句
一、考点聚焦
1、功能相当于形容词,修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语
2、位置定语从句置于被修饰词之后Thosewhoarewillingtoattendthe_____signhereplease.
3、先行词被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词
(1)先行词一般是名词和不定代词,如:some-any-every-和no与-boy-thing的合成词;或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词数词也可以作先行词,人称代词也同样可作先行词
(2)先行词与关系词是等量关系必须注意两点
①先行词在从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定Thisisthepla__whichisworthvisiting.
②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分,其意思就是先行词的意义,所以在从句中不能重复其意Thereare__nypla__swecanvisit(them)inChina.
4、关系词引导定语从句的都称关系词关系代词whowhomwhichthatwhoseas关系副词whenwherewhythat偶尔也作关系副词
5、确定关系词的步骤
(1)先找关系词,看先行词指的是什么
(2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分
6、在定语从句中,当先行词指物时,下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which
(1)先行词被
①形容词最高级
②序数词
③数词几种词修饰或被
④only、any、few、little、no、all、oneof等修饰时
(2)先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时
(3)先行词中既有人又有物时Hewaslookingpleasantlyattechildrenandpar__lsthatfilledhisbus.
(4)先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时Thevillageisnolongertheonethatwas5yearsago.
(5)当主句中含有疑问词which时Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme
7、宜用which而不用that的情况
(1)在非限制性定语从句中
(2)在关系词前有介词时
(3)当先行词本身是that时
(4)当关系词离先行词较远时
8、关系词who与that指人时,也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词
(1)当主句是therebe句型时,关系词用who
(2)先行词是为anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等词时,关系词用who
(3)当主句是who作疑问词时,关系词用thatWhoisthatgirlthatisstandingbythewindow
(4)whom在从句中只作宾语,可被who取代
9、whose作关系词既指人又指物,在从句中作定语如DoyouknowMr.__ithwhosestoryisverymovingThereisaroomwhosewindowfa__stheriver.Thereisaroomthewindowofwhichfa__stheriver.
10、关系代词as在从句中作主语、宾语和表语
(1)先行词被such和thesame修饰,或句型as__ny(much)中,从句都用as引导Suchbooksasyouboughtareuseful.Theschoolisjustthesameasitwas10yearsage.注意区别
①such…that…引导的结果状语从句Theyaresuchlovelychildrenthatwelovethemmuch.
②thesame…that…引导定语从句Iwanttousethesametoolthatyouusedjustnow.
(2)无先行词的定语从句用as和which引导区别
①意义上as含有“这点正如……一样”
②位置上as从句可置句首,也可在另处Hedidn’tpasstheexamaswehadexpected.Thereislotsofairinloosesnowwhichcankeepthecoldout.Asisknowntheearthisroundnotflat.
11、关系副词when与where、why、thatwhen指时间=in/at/on/duringwhichwhere指地点=in/at/from/whichwhy指原因=forwhich当先行词为way、day、reason、time时,可用that作关系副词(非正式场合)Idon’tlikethewaythat/inwhich/hetalks.当time作先行词时,关系词可以省掉ThisisthefirsttimeIh__egivenyoualessoninFrench.
12、必须注意的问题
(1)关系词作主语时,从句中谓语的数
(2)注意区别定语从句与强调句
①定语从句中关系词作从句成分,复合句
②强调it无意义,that/who不是引导词
③强调itis/was和that/who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句,讲不通则不是Itisthemuseumthat/whichwevisitedlastyear.定语从句Itwasinthehotelthatwestayedlastnight.(强调句)
(3)定语从句与同位语从句的区别
①定语从句引导词被称为关系词,that充当主语、宾语、表语有时可省略
②同位语从句引导词被叫做连词,that不能充当任何成分,不可省Wordcamethattheirarmywasdefeated.同位语Weexpressedtothemourwishthatwasthesameastheir.定语
(4)关系词在从句中省略的情况
①关系词作宾语,前无介词时
②关系词作表语
(5)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译
(6)关系词前有介词或复杂介词,关系词只能是which和whom
(7)几个特殊的定语从句句型
①Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasgotverygood__rksinthe__tch.(句中one为先行词)Heisoneofthestudentswhoh__egotgood__rksinthe__tch.(句中students为先行词)
②Isthispla__theonethatwevisitedyesterdayIsthisthepla__that/whichwevisitedyesterday
③Hestoodatthewindowfromwherehecouldseewhatwashappening.
④It__yraininwhichcasethe__tchwillbeputoff.
二、精典名题导解选择填空
1.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome_________Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage.(__ET2001)A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where解析答案为C本题考查分隔定语从句的关系词的选择作好本题的关键是要能辨认出该定语从句的先行词thehours和关系词被介词短语tome所分隔定语从句的先行词是表时间的名词hours并且关系词在从句中用作状语,故应选择表示时间的关系副词when
2.___________isknowntoeverybodythenoontr__elsaroundtheearthon__everymonth.__ET2001A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What解析答案为B本题考查as引导的非限制定语从句as作“正如……”解时,引导的非限制性定语从句来修饰整个句子当as在从句中作主语时,常用于下列短语asisknown、asissaid、asisreported、asisannoun__d等要注意掌握作关系代词引导定语从句的用法
3.AfterlivinginPairsforfiftyyearshereturnedtothe__alltown___________hegrewupasachild.__ET1996A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when解析答案为B本题考查限制性定语从句中关系词的选择定语从句的先行词是表示地点的名词短语the__alltown且关系词不作定语从句中的主语和宾语而作地点状语,因此定语从句必须用关系副词where引导要注意分清先行词在从句中充当的成分,然后选择适当的关系词。