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LessonOneTheCompanyinWhichIwork我工作的公司ByJosephHellerInthecompanyinwhichIworkeachofusisafraidofatleastoneperson.我工作的公司里,每个人都至少害怕一个人Theloweryourpositionisthemorepeopleyouareafraidof.职位越低,所惧怕的人越多Andallthepeopleareafraidofthetwelvemenatthetopwhohelpedfoundandbuildthecompanyandnowownanddirectit.所有的人都害怕那十二位顶层上司,他们帮助创建了这个公司,而且现在仍然大权在握Allthesetwelvemenareelderlynowanddrainedbytime歲月滄桑andsuc__ssofenergyandambition.所有这十二位都已经上了年纪,而且岁月的沧桑和对成功的执著追求使他们心力交瘁__nyh__espenttheirwholeliveshere.TheyseemfriendlyslowandcontentwhenIcomeupontheminthehallsandalwayscourteous有禮貌的andmute沉默不語的)whentheyridewithothersinthepublicelevators.他们中很多人在这儿干了一辈子当我在大厅里遇见他们时,他们看上去非常友善、沉稳而心满意足,而且他们与别人一起乘坐公共电梯时又总是彬彬有礼、沉默不语Theynolongerworkhard.Theyholdmeetings__kepromotionsandallowtheirnamestobeusedonannoun__mentsthatarepreparedandissuedbysomebodyelse.他们不再努力工作他们主持会议,决定别人的晋升,任凭别人在准备发布的通告中使用他们的名字,Nobodyissureanymorewhoreallyrunsthecompanynoteventhepeoplewhoarecreditedwithrunningitbutthecompanydoesrun.没有人知道谁真正经营这家公司(甚至连人们认为现在经营着这家公司的那些人都不知道),然而公司的确在运转Inthenor__lcourseofabusinessday…IamafraidofJackGreenbecausemydepartmentispartofhisdepartmentandJackGreenismyboss;在平常的工作日里,我很害怕杰克格林,这是因为我所在的部门属于他的部门,而杰克格林是我的上司GreenisafraidofmebecausemostoftheworkinmydepartmentisdonefortheSalesDepartmentwhichismoreimportantthanhisdepartmentandIammuchclosertoAndyKagleandtheotherpeopleintheSalesDepartmentthanheis.格林害怕我则是因为我的部门的绝大部分工作是为销售部所做的,而销售部比他的部门更重要,而且同他相比,我与迪卡葛勒以及销售部的其他人员的关系更加密切Greendistrustsmefitfully.格林偶尔也对我不信任,He__kesitcleartomeeverynowandthenthathewishestoseeeverythingcomingoutofmydepartmentbeforeitisshowntootherdepartments他有时会向我表示他希望我的部门的每一项工作在其他部门知道前要先让他知道Iknowhedoesnotreallymeanthis:heistoobusywithhisownworktopaythatmuchattentiontoallofmine我知道这不是他真正的意思,他自己的工作非常忙,根本就无暇顾及我们所有的工作andIwillbypasshimonmostofourassig__entsratherthantakeuphistimeanddelaytheirdeliverytopeoplewhoh__eanimmediateneedforthem.我会将大部分工作绕过格林并直接交给需要它们的人,而不愿意占他的时间Mostoftheworkwedoinmydepartmentisinthelongruntrivial鎖事.毕竟我们部门绝大部分工作只是微不足道的ButGreenalwaysgrowsalarmedwhensomeonefromanotherdepartmentpraisessomethingthathascomefrommydepartment.但是每当其他部门赞扬我们部门的工作时,格林就会变得不安,Heturnsscarletwithrageandembarras__ent惱羞成怒ishehasnotseenorheardofit.如果他从未看见或听到过的话,就更是恼羞成怒Inmydepartmenttherearesixpeoplewhoareafraidofmeandone__allsecretarywhoisafraidofallofus.在我的部门里,有六个人害怕我,其中一个小秘书害怕我们所有的人Ih__eoneotherpersonworkingformewhoisnotafraidofmewhoisnotafraidofanyonenotevenmeandIwouldfirehimquicklybutI’mafraidofhim…有一个为我工作的人,他对任何人都毫不惧怕,甚至连我也不怕,我真想尽快把他解雇掉,然而我害怕他……Thepeopleinthecompanywhoaremostafraidofmostpeoplearethesale__en.Theyliveandworkunderpressurethatisextraordinary.Whenthingsarebadtheyareworseforthesale__en;whenthingsaregoodtheyarenotmuchbetter.公司里非常惧怕大多数人的人是销售人员,他们都生活和工作在极大压力之下,当情况不好时,对销售人员来说就会更糟而当情况较好时,他们也不会好到哪儿去Theyarealwaysontrialalwaysonthevergeoffailurecollectivelyandindividually.不论是从整体上还是个人,他们总是在接受检查,总是处于不合格的边缘Theystrain工作努力eventhemostsecureandselfassuredofthemtolookgoodonpaper;他们工作非常努力(就连他们中那些很有保障的和充满自信的人都是这样)以使在书面评语上看上去好一些,andthereismuchpaperforthemtolookgoodon.况且要让他们看上去好的表格多得很Eachweekforexamplearecordofthesalesresultsofthepre__dingweekforeachsalesoffi__andfortheSalesDepartmentasawholeforeachdivisionofthecompanyiskeptandcomparedtothesalesresultsforthecorrespondingweekoftheyearbefore.比如每星期为各部门准备的每个销售办事处及销售部所作的前一星期的销售业绩总记录加以保存并且与前一年同期的销售业绩相比较Thefiguresarephotocopiedanddistributedthroughoutthecompanytoallthepeopleanddepartmentswhoseworkisrelatedtoselling.这些数字被复印后发到公司的每位员工和与销售有关的部门Theresultofthephotocopyinganddistributingisthatthereisalmostcontinuouspublicscrutiny公開審查anddiscussionthroughoutthecompanyofhowwellorpoorlythesale__enineachsalesoffi__ofeachdivisionofthecompanyaredoingatanygiventime.这样做的结果是公司几乎一直在对每一个分公司的销售办事处中的销售人员在某一既定时间内的工作业绩进行公开审查和评论Whensale__enaredoingwellthereispressureuponthemtobegindoingbetterforfearthey__ystartdoingworse.当销售人员业绩好时,他们因为要开始使工作做得更好,以免不如以前,从而感到压力重重Whentheyaredoingpoorlytheyaredoingterribly.当他们的业绩不佳时,他们就会做得一塌糊涂`Whenasale__anlandsalargeorderorbringsinanimportantnewaccounthiselationisbrief当一个销售人员争取到了一份大订单或者得到了一笔大的应收的账款,他的兴奋也是短暂的,`forthereisdangerhemightlosethatlargeorderorimportantnewaccounttoasale__anfromacompetingcompanythenexttimearound.因为很可能他的那份大订单或者大笔的进账下一次有被竞争对手的公司拿去的危险,Itmightevenbecan__ledbeforeitisfilled甚至在完成前被取消,inwhichcasenooneis__rtainifanythingwasgainedorlost.对这种情况没有人能肯定谁输谁赢`Sothereiscrisis危機andalarm驚慌evenintheirtriumphs.因此即便在他们的喜悦中也存在着危机和惊慌Nevertheless然而thesale__enlovetheirworkandwouldnotchooseanyotherkind.然而,销售人员热爱他们的工作,而绝不再选择其他职业Theyarevigorous精力旺盛fun-lovingbunch愛說愛笑whentheyarenotsufferingabdominalcramps消化不良orbroodingmiserablyaboutthefuture;在没有消化不良的困扰或不再苦苦为未来忧虑时,他们是一群充满活力、爱说爱笑的人ontheotherhandtheyoftenturncranky任性的withoutwarningandcomplainalot.另一方面他们会突然之间变得任性并且牢骚满腹,Eachofthemcannameatleastonesuperiorinthecompanywhohefeelshasagrudge怨恨againsthimandisdeterminedtowreck毀hiscareer.他们每个人都至少能说出公司的一个上层人物是令他极度不满并且觉得这个人会毁了他的前程的 Thesale__enworkhardandearnbigsalarieswithlargepersonalexpenseaccountsthattheysquander浪費,揮霍generouslyonotherpeopleinandoutofthecompanyincludingme.销售人员工作努力,薪金丰厚,还有个人经费,他们会把这笔个人经费挥霍在进出公司的其他人的身上,其中包括我本人Theyowngoodhousesingoodcommunitiesandplaygoodgamesofgolfongoodprivategolfcourses.他们在__区拥有自己的房子,在高级的私人高尔夫球场打球Thecompanyencouragesthis.Thecompanyinfactwillpayfortheircountryclubmembershipandallchargestheyincur開支thereandrewardssale__enwho__keagoodimpressiononthegolfcourse. 公司鼓励这种做法实际上,公司为他们支付乡村俱乐部会员费以及他们在那里的所有开支,并且对那些在高尔夫球上给人留下深刻印象的销售人员给予奖励Un__rriedmenarenotwantedintheSalesDepartmentnotevenwidowers销售部不要未婚男士,甚至连丧偶的也不要,forthecompanyhaslearnedfromexperien__thatitisdifficultanddangerousforun__rriedsale__entomixsociallywith與社交來往prominentexecutivesandtheirwivesorparticipatewiththeminresponsiblecivicaffairs.因为公司根据以往的经验得出,对未婚销售人员来说与前程似锦的高级管理人员以及他们的太太们进行社交来往或者参与重大的活动不仅很困难而且危险Ifasale__an’swife___sandheisnotreadytore__rryheisusuallymovedintoanadministrativepositionafterseveralmonthsofmourning.如果一位销售人员的妻子去世了,而他又没有准备再婚,那么通常在丧期后的几个月内他就会调去做行政管理工作Bachelors單身漢areneverhiredforthesalesfor__andsale__enwhogetdivor__dorwhosewives___knowtheyhadbetterre__rryorbeginlookingaheadtowardadifferentjob.单身汉永远都不会做销售员离婚或者丧偶的销售员都很清楚他们最好再婚或者去另谋他职Strangelyenoughthesale__enreactverywelltotheconstantpressureandrigidsupervisiontowhichtheyaresu__ected.非常奇怪的是,销售人员对__压力和他们所受的严格管理能够坦然处之Theyarestimulatedandmotivatedbydisciplineanddirection.他们受到纪律和上级指令的激励和促动Theythriveonexplicitguidan__towardclearo__ectives.他们在上司的点拨下获得成功,业绩蒸蒸日上Forthemostparttheyarecheerfulconfidentandgregariouswhentheyarenotirritable煩燥焦慮anxiousanddepressed.当他们不是烦躁焦虑或者沮丧时,大多开朗、充满自信而且很合群Theremustbesomethinginthe__keupofa__nthatenableshimnotonlytobeasale__anbuttowanttobeone.一个人一定是具备某种特殊的性格和气质才使他不但从事销售工作而且想做一名销售人员Thesale__enareproudoftheirpositionandofthestatusandimportan__theyenjoywithinthecompany销售员们不仅对他们的岗位而且对他们在公司中享有的地位及重要性感到自豪forthefunctionofmydepartmentandofmostotherdepartmentsistohelpthesale__ensell.因此我的部门以及其他的大多数部门的职能就是协助销售人员的推销,Thecompanyexiststosell.That’sthereasonwewerehiredandthereasonwearepaid.公司就是靠销售生存这就是我们受雇佣拿薪水的原因Thepeopleinthecompanywhoareleastafraidarethefewinour__all__rketResearchDepartment公司里最不担惊受怕的人就是在我们这个小小的市场调研部工作的为数极少的几个人,whobelieveinnothingandarecon__rnedwithcollectingorganizinginterpreting解釋andreorganizingstatisticalinfor__tionaboutthepublicthe__rketthecountryandtheworld.他们从不担心任何事情,而只关心对公众、市场、国内以及世界的统计信息的收集、组织、解释以及重新组织Foronethingtheirsalariesare__allandtheyknowtheywillnoth__emuchtroublefindingjobspayingjustaslittleinothercompaniesiftheylosetheirjobshere.但有一点,他们的工资很少,而且他们也知道如果一旦失去这里的工作,这么少的工资,在其他公司找份工作并不困难Theirbudgettoois__allfortheyarenolongerpermittedtoundertakelargeprojects.他们的预算也很少,因为他们从来没有得到允许承担过大项目Mostoftheinfor__tionweusenowisobtainedfreefromtradeassociationsandsomegover__entalorganizations我们现在使用的绝大部分信息都是从贸易协会和一些__机构免费得到的,andthereisnowayofknowinganymorewhethertheinfor__tiononwhichwebaseourowninfor__tionfordistributionistrueorfalse.而且对于我们所发布的信息的来源真实与否也无从知晓Butthatdoesn’tseemto__tter;allthatdoes__tteristhattheinfor__tioncomefromareputable著名sour__.然而这似乎并不太重要,重要的是这些信息出自一个信誉好的来源Peopleinthe__rketResearchDepartmentareneverheldtoblameforconditionstheydiscoveroutsidethecompanythatpla__usatacompetitivedisadvantage.市场调研部的人们从没有因为他们在公司外发现我们处于竞争劣势而受到责备Theyarenotexpectedtochangerealitybutmerelytofinditiftheycanandsuggestingenious機靈waysofdisguising掩it.他们不能改变现实,而如果他们能的话,也只能发现它并提供巧妙的方法来掩盖它Toagreatextentthatisthenatureofmyownwork在很大程度上,这就是我工作的性质andallofusunderGreenworkcloselywiththeSalesDepartmentandthePublicRelationsDepartmentinconvertingwholetruthsintohalftruthsandhalftruthsintowholeones.而且所有格林的属下与销售部和公共部密切合作,从而将全部的事实变成一半,而把一半事实变成全部Iamverygoodatthesetechniquesofde__ption欺騙althoughIamnotalwaysableanymoretode__ivemyself.虽然我不是总能欺骗我自己,但是却很擅长这些骗人的把戏`InfactIamcontinuouslyastonishedbypeopleinthecompanywhofallvictimtotheirownpropaganda.宣傳实际上,我经常为公司的人们被自己的宣传所欺骗而吃惊Thereareso__nynowwhoactuallybelievethatwhatwedoisreallyimportant.现在有很多人相信我们所做的工作是非常重要的Thishappensnotonlytosale__enbuttotheshrewd精明capableexecutivesintop__nagement.不仅销售人员是这样,那些精明能干的高级管理人员也是这样Ithappenstopeopleonmyownlevelandlower.和我同级的人是这样,比我低的人也是这样Ithappenstojustabouteverybodyinthecompanywhograduatedfromagoodbusinessschoolwithhonors.就连公司里几乎所有从高级商务学校以优秀成绩毕业的人们也不例外Everytimewelaunchanewadvertisingcampaignforexamplepeopleinsidethecompanyarethefirstonestobetakeninbyit.比如,每当我们__一个新的__活动,公司内部的人总是最先被蒙骗的,Everytimeweintrodu__anewproductoranoldproductwithadifferentcovercolorandnamethatwepresentasnewpeopleinsidethecompanyarethefirsttorushtobuyit---evenwhenit’snogood.每当我们介绍一种新的产品,或者换了外包装、颜色并起了新的品名的老产品,即使一点也不好,公司内部的人总是第一个赶着去买的It’sawisepersonIguesswhoknowshe’sdumbandanhonestpersonwhoknowshe’saliar.我想,知道自己愚蠢的人是聪明的,而知道自己撒谎的人是诚实的Andit’sadumbpersonwho’sconvin__dheiswise.只有愚蠢的人才会自作聪明Wewisegrownupshereatthecompanygoslidinginandoutalldaylongscaringeachotheratourdesksandtryingtoevadethepeoplewhofrightenus.我们这些在公司这儿的聪明的成年人,整天悄悄地出没于办公室,大家互相惧怕并试图躲避令人生畏的人Wecometoworkh__elunchandgohome.我们上班,吃午饭,回家`Wegoose-stepinandgoose-stepoutchangeourpartnersandwanderallaboutandgobackhometillwealldropdead.我们迈着正规的步子进进出出,下班后和其他部门的伙伴一起外出,直到累得筋疲力尽才回家ReallyIaskmyselfeverynowandthendependingonhowwellorpoorlythingsaregoingattheoffi__orathomewithmywifeorwithmyretardedsonorwithmyothersonormydaughterorthecolored__id黑人保orthenurseformyretardedsonisthisallthereisformetodo实际上我时常问自己,仅取决于办公室情形的好坏,或者是家中我妻子、__的__、另一个__、___儿、黑人保姆以及照顾我的____的护士情况的好坏,他们的情形如何,这就是我要做的全部吗?IsthisreallythemostIcangetfromthefewyearsleftinthisonelifeofmine难道这真的是我有生之年所能得到的最多的吗?AndtheanswerIgetofcourseisalways---Yes!…我所得出的结论当然永远是——是的!Iamboredwithmyworkveryoftennow.我现在经常对工作非常厌烦,EverythingroutinethatcomesinIpassalongtosomebodyelse.This__kesmyboredomworse.每项常规的工作我总是交给其他人处理,而这使我更加感到厌烦It‘sarealproblemtodecidewhetherit’smoreboringtodosomethingboringthantopassalongeverythingboringthatcomesintosomebodyelseandthenh__enothingtodoatall.要判断究竟是干令人生厌的工作更加烦人,还是将令人生厌的工作交给他人处理,然后无所事事更烦人,这真是一个问题ActuallyIenjoymyworkwhentheassig__entsarelargeandurgentandsomewhatfrighteningandwillcometotheattentionof__nypeople.实际上,当任务又大又紧而且有些令人生畏还会引起很多人的注意时,我就非常喜欢我的工作IgetscaredandamunabletosleepatnightbutIusuallyperformatmybestunderthisstimulating__kindofpressureandenjoymyjobthemost.我变得惴惴不安,而且夜不能寐但在这种极有__的压力下,我的表现最佳,也最喜欢我的工作IhandlealloftheseimportantprojectsmyselfandIrejoi__withtremendousprideandvanityinthecomplimentsIre__ivewhenIdothemwell.我独自处理所有这些重大的项目,并且当我成功地完成时,我会因受到赞扬而沉浸在极大的自豪与虚荣之中Butbetweensuchpeaksofchallengeandelation興奮thereismonotonyanddespair.但在这些挑战与兴奋的巅峰之间是单调与绝望AndIfindtoothaton__I‘vesuc__ededinimpressingsomebodyI‘mnotmuchexcitedaboutimpressingthatsamepersonagain;(而且我也发现一旦我给某人留下了深刻的印象,我就不再为给同一个人留下深刻印象而感到兴奋不已thereisalargeemotionalletdownafterIsurviveeachcrisisakindofemptytragicdisappointmentandlastyear’sthreatopportunityandinspirationareoftenthisyear’sinescapabletedium.在度过每次危机后,都会有一次大的情感失落,一种空虚和令人悲哀的失望去年的威胁、机遇和鼓励经常会成为今年不可避免的冗长乏味IfrequentlyfeelI‘mbeingtakenadvantageof被利用merelybecauseI‘maskedtodotheworkI‘mpaidtodo.我常常觉得我被利用了,这只是因为我被要求做给我报酬的工作)OndayswhenI‘mespeciallymelancholy悲傷Ibeganconstructingtablesoforganization….classifyingpeopleinthecompanyonthebasisofenvyhopefearambitionfrustration煩惱rivalry競爭hatred憎恨ordisappointment失望.在我极度悲伤的日子里,我便开始将公司的人员结构列入图表……根据嫉妒、希望、恐惧、雄心、烦恼、对手、痛恨或失望,将公司的人员分类IcallthesechartsmyHappinessCharts.我把这些表格叫做我的“快乐图”Theseexercisesin__li__neverfailtoboostmyspirits----butonlyforawhile.这些恶作剧总是使我精神振奋,然而都非常短暂Irankprettyhighwhenthecompanyis____yzedthiswaybecauseI‘mnotenviousordisappointedandIh__enoexpectations.这样分析公司时,我的排名非常靠前,因为我既不嫉妒也不灰心,而且我胸无大志Attheverytopofcoursearethosepeoplemostlyyoungandwithoutdependents排在前几名的当然是这些人,他们中大部分是年轻又没有靠山的人towhomthecompanyisnotyetaninstitutionofanysacredmerit神聖價質的機構butstillonlyapla__toworkandwhoregardtheirpresentassociationwithitassomethingtemporary.对他们自己来说,公司还不是一个有重要价值的机构,而只是一个工作的地方,并且认为他们目前的状况只是短暂的IputthesepeopleatthetopbecauseifyouaskedanyoneofthemifhewouldchoosetospendtherestofhislifeworkingforthecompanyhewouldgiveyouaresoundingNo!我之所以把这些人排在首位,是因为只要问他们中的任何一个人他们后半生是否为公司工作,不管有什么样的诱惑,他都会响亮地回答“不!”regardlessofwhatindu__mentswereoffered.Iwasthathighon__.ifyouaskedmethatsamequestiontodayIwouldalsogiveyouaresoundingNo!andadd:我也曾是这样如果你今天问我同样的问题,我也给你一个响亮的回答“不!”并且还要补充上“IthinkI’drather___now.“ “我想我宁可现在就死!”ButIam__kingnoplanstole__e.然而___任何离开的打算Ih__ethefeelingnowthatthereisnopla__leftformetogo. 我现在有了一种感觉,那就是没有任何地方是我的容身之处LessonTwoEveline伊芙林ByJamesJoy__Shesatatthewindowwatchingtheeveninginvadethe__enue大街.她坐在窗前看着黄昏涌上大街Herheadwasleanedagainstthewindowcurtainsandinhernostrils鼻孔wastheodour氣味ofdustycretonne(印花棉布).Shewastired.她的头靠在窗帘上,鼻孔里满是提花窗帘布上的尘土气味她累了Fewpeoplepassed.The__noutofthelasthousepassedonhiswayhome;很少有人走过最后一所房子里的那个男人经过这里往家走;sheheardhisfootstepsclackingalongtheconcretep__ement水泥道andafterwardscrunchingonthecinderpath煤渣路beforethenewredhouses.她听见他啪嗒啪嗒的脚步声走过水泥道,然后又嘎吱嘎吱地踩在新红房子前的煤渣小路上Onetimethereusedtobeafieldthereinwhichtheyusedtoplayeveryeveningwithotherpeople’schildren.过去那里曾经有一块空地,他们每晚都在空地上和其他家的孩子一起玩耍Thena__nfromBelfastboughtthefieldandbuilthousesinit----notliketheirlittlebrownhousesbutbrightbrickhouseswithshiningroofs.后来一个贝尔法斯特来的男人买走了那块地并在那里建了房子——与他们棕色的小房子不同,他的房子是明亮的砖房还有闪亮的屋顶Thechildrenofthe__enueusedtoplaytogetherinthatfield–theDevinestheWaterstheDunnslittleKeoghthecripplesheandherbrothersandsisters.这条街的孩子们过去总是在那块地上玩——迪瓦恩家的,沃特家的,邓恩家的,瘸子小基奥,她和她的兄弟姐妹Ernesthoweverneverplayed:hewastoogrownup.但是欧内斯特却从来没有玩过,他太大了Herfatherusedoftentohunttheminoutofthefieldwithhisblackthornstick;她的父亲经常用他那根黑刺李木的拐杖到地里把她们赶出去;butusuallylittleKeoghusedtokeepnix站崗andcalloutwhenhesawherfathercoming.但小基奥总是站岗,一看见她的父亲过来就大声喊Stilltheyseemedtoh__ebeenratherhappythen.即使这样他们那时似乎还是很开心Herfatherwasnotsobadthen;andbesideshermotherwasalive.她父亲还没有这么坏,而且她母亲也还活着Thatwasalongtimeago;sheandherbrothersandsisterswereallgrownup;hermotherwasdead.那是很久以前的事了,她和兄弟姐妹都已经长大了;她的母亲死了TizzieDunnwasdeadtooandtheWatershadgonebacktoEngland.Everythingchanged.Nowshewasgoingtogoawayliketheotherstole__eherhome.迪齐邓恩也死了,沃特一家回英格兰了所有的一切都变了现在她也要像其他人那样离开自己的家Home!Shelookedroundtheroomreviewingallitsfamiliaro__ectswhichshehaddustedon__aweekforso__nyyearswonderingwhereonearthallthedustcamefrom.家!她环顾屋内,审视着这么多年来她每周都要掸擦一遍的一切熟悉的物品,心里奇怪究竟哪来的这么多灰尘Perhapsshewouldneverseeagainthosefamiliaro__ectsfromwhichshehadneverdreamedofbeingdivided.也许她再也见不到那些熟悉的东西了,她做梦也没想到过和它们分开Andyetduringallthoseyearsshehadneverfoundoutthenameofthepriestwhoseyellowingphotographhungonthewallabovethebrokenharmonium小風琴besidethecolouredprintofthepromises__detoBlessed__rgaret__ryAlacoque.可是这么多年里她从来没有弄清楚那张泛黄的照片上的牧师的姓名,照片就挂在墙上,在破旧的风琴的上边,旁边是耶稣对圣玛利亚玛丽__科特许诺的彩色__Hehadbeenaschoolfriendofherfather.wheneverheshowedthephotographtoavisitorherfatherusedtopassitwithacasualword:”HeisinMelbournenow.“他是父亲的学友每次父亲把照片递给到家里的朋友看时,总是不经意地带一句“他现在在墨尔本”Shehadconsentedtogoawaytole__eherhome.她已经答应离开,离开自己的家WaswhatwiseShetriedtoweigheachsideofthequestion.这样做明智吗?她试着权衡这个问题的每一个方面Inherhomeanywayshehadshelterandfood;shehadthosewhomshehadknownallherlifeabouther.在家里不管怎么说她有吃有住;有她认识了一辈子的人在她身边Ofcourseshehadtoworkhardbothinthehouseandatbusiness.当然她得拼命干活,不论是在家里还是在商店里Whatwouldtheysayofherinthestoreswhentheyfoundoutthatshehadrunawaywithafellow如果商店里的人知道她和一个男人跑了,她们会怎么说她呢?Sayshewasafoolperhaps;andherpla__wouldbefilledupbyadvertisement.也许说她是一个傻瓜;她们会登__找别人代替她的位置MissG__anwouldbeglad.Shehadalwayshadanedgeonherespeciallywhenevertherewerepeoplelistening.加文小姐会很高兴她总是要压她一头,尤其是有旁人听着的时候“MissHilldon’tyouseethesela___sarewaiting”“希尔小姐,难道你没有看见这些女士在等着吗?”“LooklivelyMissHillplease.““请精神点,希尔小姐”Shewouldnotcry__nytearsatle__ingthestores.离开商店她不会掉多少眼泪的Butinhernewhomeinadistantunknowncountryitwouldnotbelikethat.但是在她的新家里,在一个遥远陌生的国家里,事情就不会是那样了Thenshewouldbe__rried---sheEveline.Peoplewouldtreatherwithrespectthen.她会结婚——她,伊芙林人们会很尊重她Shewouldnotbetreatedashermotherhadbeen.她不会受到她母亲受过的那种对待Evennowthoughshewasovernineteenshesometimesfeltherselfindangerofherfather’sviolen__.即使是现在,她已经过19岁了,她还是经常感到自己有挨父亲打的危险Sheknewitwasthatthathadgivenherthepalpitations心驚肉跳.她知道正是因为这种担心才使她心惊肉跳WhentheyweregrowinguphehadnevergoneforherlikeheusedtogoforHarryandErnestbecauseshewasagirl;她们长大以后,他还没有像他曾经打哈利和欧内斯特那样打过她,因为她是个女孩;butlatterlyhehadbeguntothreatenherandsaywhathewoulddotoheronlyforherdeadmother’ssake.但最近他开始威胁地,说要不是因为她死去的母亲的缘故,他会怎样对待她AndnowshehadnobodytoprotectherErnestwasdeadandHarrywhowasinthechurchdecoratingbusinesswasnearlyalwaysdownsomewhereinthecountry.现在没有人能保护她,欧内斯特死了,而干教堂装修的哈利几乎总是在乡下的什么地方BesidestheinvariablesquabbleformoneyonSaturdaynightshadbeguntowearyherunspeakably.另外,每星期六都为了钱而发生的争吵已使她开始感到说不出的厌倦Shealwaysg__eherentirewages----sevenshillings----andHarryalwayssentupwhathecouldbutthetroublewastogetanymoneyfromherfather.她总是交出她所有的工资——七个先令——哈利也总是尽力给家里寄钱,但问题是从她父亲手中要钱Hesaidsheusedtosquander浪費themoneythatshehadnohead沒頭腦thathewasn’tgoingtogiveherhishard-earnedmoneytothrowaboutthestreetsandmuchmore等等forhewasusuallyfairlybadonSaturdaynight.他说她过去总是胡乱花钱,没有头脑,还说他不会将他辛苦挣来的钱交给她到街上乱花,等等,因为他星期六晚上通常心情相当糟IntheendhewouldgiveherthemoneyandaskherhadsheanyintentionofbuyingSunday’sdinner.最后他会将钱给她并问她是否打算买星期天晚饭吃的东西Thenshehadtorushoutasquicklyasshecouldanddoher__rketingholdingherblackleatherpursetightlyinherhandassheelbowedherwaythroughthecrowdsandreturninghomelateunderherloadofprovisions.然后她不得不尽快跑到市场上买东西,她紧紧地将黑皮钱包攥在手里,在人群中挤着走,直到很晚才背着沉重的食品回家Shehadhardworktokeepthehousetogetherandtoseethatthetwoyoungchildrenwhohadbeenlefttoherchargewenttoschoolregularlyandgottheirmealsregularly.她好不容易才能将这个家维持下来,让那两个留给她照顾的年幼的弟弟妹妹能够按时上学,按时吃饭Itwashardwork----ahardlife----butnowthatshewasabouttole__eitshedidnotfinditawhollyundesirablelife.工作很艰难——生活也很艰难——但是现在她就要离开这一切,她发现这种生活并不是完全令人不快的ShewasabouttoexploreanotherlifewithFrank.她将要和弗兰克一起去探索另一种生活Frankwasverykind__nlyopen-hearted.弗兰克非常善良,有男子气概,并且心胸坦荡Shewastogoawaywithhimbythenight–boattobehiswifeandlivewithhiminBuenosAyreswherehehadahomewaitingfroher.她要和他一起乘夜船逃走,去做他的妻子,和他一起生活在布宜诺斯艾利斯,在那里他有一个家在等着她Howwellsherememberedthefirsttimeshehadseenhim;第一次见到他的情景她记得多么清楚啊hewaslodgingin寄宿ahouseonthe__inroadwheresheusedtovisit.他住在她常去的那条大街上的一所房子里Itseemedafewweeksago.hewasstandingatthegatehispeakedcappushedbackonhisheadandhishairtumbledforwardoverafa__ofbronze.一切似乎就是几个星期以前的事,他站在大门口,尖顶帽推向脑后,头发向前散乱垂在晒得黧黑的脸上Thentheyhadcometoknoweachother.接着他们就彼此认识了Heusedtomeetheroutsidethestoreseveryeveningandseeherhome.他每晚都到店外接她并送她回家HetookhertoseeTheBohemianGirl波希米亞女孩andshefeltelated興高彩烈asshesatinanunaccustomedpartofthetheatrewithhim.他带她去看《波希米亚女孩》,同他一起坐在剧院她难得一坐的地方使她感觉十分得意Hewasawfullyfondofmusicandsangalittle.他非常喜欢音乐,也会唱一点Peopleknewthattheywerecourting談戀愛大家都知道他俩在谈恋爱,andwhenhesangaboutthelass少女thatlovesasailor水手的少女shealwaysfeltpleasantlyconfused愉快的困惑.当他唱到爱上一个水手的少女时她常会感到一种愉快的困惑HeusedtocallherPoppens雌天鹅outoffun.他总是开玩笑地叫她雌天鹅Firstofallithadbeenanexcitementforhertoh__eafellowandthenshehadbeguntolikehim.起初她觉得有个男朋友是件令人兴奋的事,接着她开始喜欢他了Hehadtalesofdistantcountries.他会讲许多遥远的国家的故事HehadstartedasadeckboyatapoundamonthonashipoftheAllanLinegoingouttoCanada.他一开始在阿伦航运公司的一艘开往___的船上做舱面水手,月薪一英镑Hetoldherthenamesoftheshipshehadbeenonandthenamesofthedifferentservi__s.他告诉她他呆过的船的名字以及船上不同活计的名称HehadsailedthroughtheStraitsof__gellanandhetoldherstoriesoftheterriblePatagonians.他曾经穿过了麦哲伦海峡,他给她讲可怕的巴塔丹尼亚印地安人的故事HehadfallenonhisfeetinBuenosAyreshesaidandhadcomeovertotheoldcountryjustforaholiday.他说在布宜诺斯艾利斯他站稳了脚跟,回到祖国只是为了度假Ofcourseherfatherhadfoundouttheaffairandhadforbiddenhertoh__eanythingtosaytohim.当然,她的父亲知道了他们的事并禁止他们交往“Iknowthesesailorchaps“hesaid.“我知道那些水手,”他说OnedayhehadquarreledwithFrankandafterthatshehadtomeetherloversecretly.有一天他和弗兰克吵了起来,从那以后她就不得不和她的情人偷偷地约会了Theeveningdeepenedinthe__enue.街上的夜色更深了Thewhiteoftwolettersinherlapgrewindistinct.她腿上放的两封信的白色已变得模糊难辨了OnewastoHarry;theotherwastoherfather.一封是给哈利的;另一封是给她父亲的Ernesthadbeenherf__ouritebutshelikeedHarrytoo.她最喜欢欧内斯特,但她也喜欢哈利Herfatherwasbecomingoldlatelyshenoti__d;她注意到近来父亲变老了;hewouldmissher.Sometimeshecouldbeveryni__.他会想她的有时他还是非常不错的Notlongbeforewhenshehadbeenlaidupforadayhehadreadheroutaghoststoryand__detoast烤面包forheratthefire.不久以前,她生病躺了一天,他给她读了一个鬼的故事,还在火炉上给她烤面包片AnotherdaywhentheirmotherwasalivetheyhadallgoneforapicnictotheHillofHowth.还有一天,他们的母亲还活着的时候,他们一起去霍斯山野餐,Sherememberedherfatherputtingonhermother’sbonnet無沿女帽to__kethechildrenlaugh.她记得父亲带着母亲的无沿女帽逗孩子们笑 Hertimewasrunningoutbutshecontinuedtositbythewindowleaningherheadagainstthewindowcurtaininhalingtheodourofdustycretonne.她的时间不多了,但她仍然坐在窗前,头靠着窗帘,呼吸着提花窗帘上的尘土气味Downfarinthe__enueshecouldhearastreetorgan風琴playing.她听见下面街的深处传来街头风琴演奏的声音Sheknewtheair曲子.Strangethatitshouldcomethatverynighttoremindherofthepromisetohermotherherpromisetokeepthehometogetheraslongasshecould.她知道这支曲子真奇怪这支曲子恰好在这个夜晚出现来提醒她对她母亲的承诺,保证尽可能维持这个家Sherememberedthelastnightofhermother’sillness;shewasagainintheclosedarkroomattheothersideofthehallandoutsidesheheardamelancholy憂傷airofItaly.她记得她母亲生病的最后一个夜晚,她又一次置身于门厅另一侧那间闷热黑暗的__,她听见外面奏着一首忧伤的意大利曲子Theorgan-playerhadbeenorderedtogoawayandgivensixpen__.他父亲给了风琴手六个便士让他走开Sherememberedherfatherstruttingbackintothesick-roomsaying:她记得父亲神气活现地回到病房说“DamnedItalians!Comingoverhere!”“该死的意大利人!居然到这里来!”Asshemused沉思thepitifulvisionofhermother’slifelaiditsspellontheveryquickofherbeing---thatlifeofcommonpla__sacrifi__sclosinginfinalcraziness.她沉思的时候,母亲一生的可怜景象触动了她感情的最深处——那为平凡琐事牺牲了一切,最后在神经失常中结束了的一生Shetrembledassheheardagainhermother’svoi__sayingconstantlywithfoolishinsisten__固執:“DerevaunSeraun!DerevaunSeraun!”她颤抖着,当她听到母亲的声音一遍一遍地固执地重复着“享乐的归宿是痛苦!享乐的归宿是痛苦!”Shestoodupinasuddenimpulseofterror.Escape!Shemustescape!Frankwoulds__eher.Hewouldgiveherlifeperhapslovetoo.在突然的恐怖感引起的冲动下,她站了起来逃跑!她一定要逃跑!弗兰克会拯救她他会给她生活,也许还有爱Butshewantedtolive.WhyshouldshebeunhappyShehadarighttohappiness.Frankwouldtakeherinhisarmsfoldherinhisarms.Hewoulds__eher.但是她想活下去___她就该不开心呢,她有快乐的权利,弗兰克会把她拥在臂弯里,紧紧地拥抱她他会拯救她***ShestoodamongtheswayingcrowdinthestationattheNorthWall.她站在北墙站拥挤摆动的人群中Heheldherhandandsheknewthathewasspeakingtohersayingsomethingaboutthepassageoverandoveragain.他握着她的手,她知道他在同她说话,一遍遍地说着有关航行的事Thestationwasfullofsol___rswithbrownbaggages.车站里满是带着棕色行李的士兵Throughthewidedoorsoftheshedsshecaughtaglimpseoftheblack__ssoftheboatlyinginbesidethequay碼頭wallwithilluminedportholes.舷窗从棚子的大宽门望去,她瞥了一眼黑色的巨大的船体,停在码头旁边,舷窗上亮着灯光Sheanswerednothing.Shefelthercheekpaleandcoldand她什么也没有回答她感到自己的脸颊苍白冰冷outofa__zeofdistresssheprayedtoGodtodirecthertoshowherwhatwasherduty.在一片茫然的苦脑中,她请求上帝指引她,告诉她她该怎么做Theboatblewalongmournful悲whistleintothemist薄霧中.船在薄雾中发出长长的哀伤的汽笛声IfshewenttomorrowshewouldbeontheseawithFranksteamingtowardsBuenosAyres.如果她走了,明天她就会同弗兰克一起在海上,向布宜诺斯艾利斯驶去Theirpassagehadbeenbooked.Couldshestilldrawbackafterallhehaddoneforher他们的旅行已经预定好了在他为她做了这么多以后,她还能退缩吗?Herdistressawokeanausea反胃inherbodyandshekeptmovingherlipsinsilentfervent狂熱prayer.她的苦恼在她的身上引起想吐的感觉,她不停地动着嘴唇默默地、狂热地祈祷着Abellclangeduponherheart.Shefelthimseizeherhand:“Come!”一阵__摇响在她的心头她感到他在抓着她的手Alltheseasoftheworldtumbledaboutherheart.Hewasdrawingherintothem:hewoulddrownher.Shegripped緊握withbothhandsattheironrailing.她的心潮汹涌澎湃他正拉着她走进那波涛,他会把她淹死的她的双手紧紧地抓着铁栏杆:”Come!”“来!”No!No!No!Itwasimpossible.Herhandsclutched抓住theironinfrenzy狂熱.Amidtheseasshesentacryofanguish痛苦.不!不!不!不可能她的手疯狂地抓着铁栅栏,在心海中她发出痛苦的叫喊“Eveline!Evvy!”“伊芙林!艾微!”Herushedbeyondthebarrierandcalledtohertofollow.他冲过栅栏,大喊着要她跟上Hewasshoutedattogoonbuthestillcalledtoher.人们喊着让他快走,但他仍在大声喊着她Shesetherwhitefa__tohimpassivelikeahelplessani__l.Hereyesg__ehimnosignofloveorfarewellorrecognition.她苍白的面孔对着他,那么迟钝、被动,像个无助的动物她的眼里没有向他表示出任何的爱或离情别意,就像不认识他一样LessonThreeWhat’sWrongWithOurPress我们的报纸问题何在?Newspapersh__etwogreatadvantagesovertelevision报纸与电视相比具有两大优越性Theycanbeusedbymenasbarriersagainsttheirwives.男人可以把报纸作为阻隔妻子的屏障,Itisstilltheonlyeffectivescreenagainstthemorningfeaturesofthelovedoneandassuchperformsauniquehu__nservi__.现在这仍然是早晨避免目睹爱侣起床后尊容的惟一有效幕障这样,报纸作出了独一无二的具有人情味的贡献Thesecondadvantageisthatyoucan’tlineagarbagepailwithatelevisionset----it’susuallytheotherwayaround.第二个优越性是,电视机不能用来衬垫垃圾桶,而报纸通常却有此功能ButherearesomeinterestingstatisticsfromalittleandlittleknownsurveybyMr.Ropercalled“Thepublic’sreactiontoTelevisionFollowingtheQuizInvestigations“.罗珀先生进行了一项小小的鲜为人知的调查,题目是“从问答调查看观众对电视的反应”,Initheaskseverybodybutmethisquestion:Supposeyoucouldcontinuetoh__eonlyoneofthefollowing---radiotelevisionnewspapersor__gazines---whichwouldyouprefer下面就是一些有趣的统计数字调查中,他问了除我以外的所有人这样一个问题假如你只能在广播、电视、报纸、__中继续保留一种,你愿意要哪一种?Newspaperscameinsecond:Forty–twoper__ntsaidiftheycouldonlyh__eonetheywouldkeeptelevision.Thirty–twoper__ntsaidiftheycouldonlyh__eonetheywouldkeepnewspapers.结果报纸占第二位42%的人说,如果只能要一种,他们将保留电视;32%的人说如果只能要一种,他们将保留报纸Evensonewspaperpeopleshouldbemuchhappierthanthe__gazinepeoplebecauseonlyfourper__ntsaidtheyneeded__gazinesasagainstnineteenper__ntforradio.即便如此,报界人士应比办__的人高兴得多了,因为说需要__的人只有4%,而要广播的人达到了19%Butlistentothis.Mr.Roperaskedthesesameharried拉住的people:”Ifyougetconflictingordifferentreportsofthesamenewstoryfromradiotelevisionthe__gazinesandthenewspaperswhichofthefourversionswouldyoubemostinclinedtobelieve”但听听下面这个吧罗帕又问了同一组被拉住做调查的人这个问题如果你发现广播、电视、__和报纸对同一新闻__的报导有争议或有出入时,你更倾向于相信四种说法中的哪一种呢?“Thirty–twoper__ntbelievenewspapersasagainstthirtyper__ntwhobelievetelevision.32%的人相信报纸,而30%的人相信电视Butthensomethingreallystrangehappens.WhenMr.Roperaskedhisguineapigswhichofthesemediatheywouldbeleastinclinedtobelievethenewspaperstoppedthelist.但接着就出现了十分奇怪的情况当罗帕先生问这些被调查的人在这些媒体中他们最不相信哪一个时,报纸居首位Inabigwaytoo.Twenty–fourper__ntdon’tbelievenewspapersasagainstnineper__ntwhodon’tbelievetelevision.差距也很大24%的人不相信报纸,而9%的不相信电视Thefactisthatalthoughnetworktelevisionstillallots分配toolittletimetothevitalservi__ofinformingthepublic事实的,尽管电视节目在为人众提供信息方面,安排的时间很少,itdoesabetterjobinthatlittletimethanthenation’spressasawhole.但总的来说就在这有限的时间内,它在全国新闻界中做得是最出色的AndwhenIspeakofthenation’spressasawholeIamnotspeakingofthefiveorsixsplendidnewspapers----andtheonegreatnewspaper-----whichservetheworldasmodelsofresponsiblepublicinfor__tion.这里我提到的全国新闻界,不包括那
五、六家尊贵的报社——其中一家重要的报社——一被当作是全世界提供可靠消息的楷模IamspeakingofthelocalpresswhichinhundredsofAmericancommunitiesistheonlynews__ailableasidefromthoserecitals復述oftickertape電訊稿thatpassforradionews.我指的是那些当地报纸在美国的几百个社区中,除了那些把电讯稿复述一遍充当新闻广播之外,大众惟一能得到的新闻就来自这些报纸了,而它们并没有履行对大众的义务WhydoIthinknetworkTvdoesabetterjobofinformingthanthesepapers___我认为电视网在提供新闻方面比这些报纸做得好些呢?Welllet’sgetthepartisanbit黨派性overwith.让我们先把报纸的党派性这一点说清楚Televisionlivesonadvertisingtoanevengreaterextentthannewspapersandsin__advertisingisbigbusinessadvertisingisbynatureRepublican親共和黨.电视比报纸依靠__的程度甚至还要大,既然__是笔大生意,__从本质上就是亲共和党的yetnowhereinnetworknewscasts網絡新聞ornetworkcommentaries網絡實事中oncurrenteventsh__eIencounteredtheintensepartisanshiptheoftenrabidbiasthatcolorstheeditorialpagesofthe__jorityofnewspapersinthiscountry.然而无论在电视网的新闻节目中还是时事评论中,我都未遇到____大多数报纸的社论版上所反映出的那强烈的党派性甚至常常是狂热无理的偏见DouglassCaterinhisbookTheFourthBranchofGover__entconfineshimselftoonlyonepungent尖銳footnoteonthissu__ect.“Ih__edeliberately故意回避__oided“hewrites“gettingintothepredominantly有影響力的one-_____natureofnewspaperwonership.itisafactoflife.道格拉斯卡特在他的《__的第四部门》一书中仅在一尖刻的脚注中提到这一问题,他写道”我有意识地回避讨论报纸实质上主要由一党占有这一问题这是现实生活中的事实”Thisparticularfactoflifeisashamefulone:事实是个让人羞耻的事实,thatnewspaperswhosedutyistoinformtheAmericanpublicgivethemonlyonesideoftheissuesthataffectthemprofoundly---theRepublicanside.生活中这样的负有向美国公众提供信息责任的报纸,在对公众具有深远影响的问题上只向他们提供一面之辞,即共和党的一面ThisisshamefulnotonlyforDemocrats---theyh__esurviveditbeforeandwillsurviveitagain----butforthe__turityofourpeople.这样做不仅对__党来说不够体面——然而他们过去既能生存,今后也定能如此——对我们成熟的人民来说也是如此Someofthesamepaperswhichloudlyextol吹虛thevirtues美德offreeenterpriseandafreepressareconsistentlyfailingtoprintthefactsonwhichapeoplecanformabalan__andindependentopinion.有一些这样的报纸,它们一面大肆吹嘘企业的自由经营与自由办报的优点,一面始终不刊登能使人们得出公正__见解的事实`Thatbalan__dandindependentopinionisouronlyrealsecurityasanation.而这种公正__的见解正是我们作为一个国家惟一真正的安全保证Nowveryoftentelevisioncoverageofnewsissuperficial膚淺的andinadequate(不充分).现在,电视新闻的报导常是肤浅而不完全的;veryoftenthepicturetakespre__den__overthepoint.常常是画面比实质史重要ButbyandlargethenewsreportsandcommentariesonCBSandNBCandABC__keeveryefforttopresentviewerswithmorethanoneaspectofanissue但总的说来,哥伦比业广播公司、全国广播公司及美国播公司的新闻报道和时事评论总是尽其所能给观众提供更多的观点,而不是一面之辞eitherbylettingopposingspoke__enh__etheirsayorbyoutliningthepositionsheldbyboth__jorpartiesonthesu__ectinvolved.它们或是让__党发言人发表讲话,或是概述两大政党则同一问题的立场Televisionalsoprovidesawiderangeofopinionbysettingupfourorfiveexpertsandlettingthemknockeachotherdown.Whathasthelocalpressofthisnature电视也安排
四、五个专家,让他们辩论而且尽时能驳倒对方,以此提出大量的观点在这一点上,地方报纸是怎样做的呢?FortunatelyfortheAmericanpublictelevisiondoesnottoleratethekindofdistortionoffactthekindofpartisanvirulen__惡毒攻擊andpersonalpeeve(怨恨)__nynewspapersnotonlywelcomebutencourage.幸运的是对美国公众来说,电视不允许那种对事实的歪曲,那种党派间的恶毒攻击和个人怨恨的发泄,而这是许多报纸不仅欢迎而且鼓励的Initsentertai__enttelevisioncaters投合fartoomuchtothelowestinstincts本能of__nparticularlythelust渴望violen__.在娱乐节目中,电视过于迎合人们最低级的本能,特别是对__的欲望Butthereisoneappetite欲望itdoesnotfeedandwhichthepartisannewspapersofthenationdo:theappetiteforhate仇恨ofwhateverisdifferent.但是有一个欲望是电视无法满足而美国极具党派性的报纸却可以满足的,那就是仇恨——对一切不一样的事物的仇恨Idonotfindontelevisonthekindofeditorialschronic社論theNewYorktabloidsaswellasin__nylocalpapersacrossthecountry.在电视上我从未看到过纽约的小报以及全国许多地方报纸上常年出现的那种社论Anewspaperhastheright----thedutyeven----toassumeanattitudetotakeaposition.Butithasanequallysacred神聖的righttoexplainthatpositioninthelightoftheopposingonetodocumentthatpositionandtobolster証實itnotwithemotionbutwithfact.报纸有权利甚至有责任具有某种态度、采取某一立场,但它也有同样神圣的权利参照对立的观点来解释自己的立场,通过翔实的材料来证实这一立场,并运用事实而不是感情来支持这一立场Hereofcourseiswherebackgroundinfor__tionhelpsthepublictodrawitsconclusions.当然这便是背景知识能帮助公众得出自己的结论之处TVdoesagreatdealofthisintheformofdocumentariesandyoucanofcoursesaythattheyh__ethetimeandthemoneytodothisandyouh__en’t.Yetacrossthiswidecountryandwiththeex__ptionofahandfulof少量的syndicatedcolumns辛迪加的专栏文章外,Ifailtofindinanylocalpaperanyattempthowevermini__ltostrengthenthismuscleofdigestion加強領悟能力.电视通过纪录片在这方面做了大量的工作,当然你可以说他们有这份时间和金钱来这样做而你却没有,然而在这片广大的国土上,除了少量报业辛迪加的专栏文章外,我未能在任何地方报纸上看出任何加强人们领悟能力的努力,哪怕是极其微小的努力withoutwhichnewscanneithernourish教宜norinform(信息)Itcanonlystuff塞滿.缺乏这种领悟能力,人们既不能从新闻中收到教益,也无法从中获得信息,只能将头脑塞得满满当当Betweentheopinionsoftheeditorandthebarestatementsofthewireservi__s通訊社thereisnothingnothingthatisex__ptacollectionofsnippets小片usedasfillersbetweentheadsandpickedatrandom.在编辑的见解和通讯社干巴巴的消息之间是一片空白,也就是说除了为填补__间隙而任意选出的一些片段摘录之外,全是一无所有的空白Oneofthegreatestandmostjustifiedcritici__softelevisionhasbeenthatinappealingtothelargestau___n__possibleitneglectsminorityau___n__sandminoritytastes.对电视最强烈也是最有道理的批评历来就是它为了吸引最大数量的观众,忽视了少数观众以及少数人的爱好Thisisstilllargelytrue.Butthereisperhapsoneprogramadayand__nyofcourseonSundaywhichanin____igent__norwo__ncanenjoyandderiveinterestfrom.这一批评在很大程度上仍是正确的但是也许一天会有一个节目,当然星期日会有许多个节目,是能令聪明智慧的男女喜欢并产生兴趣的InmytripseastorwestornorthorsouthIpickupthelocalpapertofindthisenjoymentorinterest---invain都未能如願.Nowsurelythere’ssomethingwronghere.在我走南闯北的旅行中,每次拿起当地的报纸寻找我喜欢并感兴趣的东西,都未能如愿,显然这里存在着某种问题__nyofthesepla__sI‘vevisited---andI‘msurethisistrueofthewholecountry-----h__ecollegecommunitieswherehighlyin____igentandtalentedpeoplelivewhethertheyareteachersordoctorsorlawyersormusiciansorscientists.我去过的那些地方许多都有大学社区——我相信在全国各地都是如此——那儿生活着极其聪颖、才华横溢的人们,不论是教师还是医生、律师、音乐家或科学家WhatistherefortheminthepaperusuallytheonlypaperoftheirtownWhatfeaturesareprovidedforthesepeopleWhatstimulationHow__nytimesh__eIheardthemsay“Ifyouwanttoseewhatareallybadpaperislikereadoursheet“在当地的报纸上,通常那还是惟一的一家报纸,有什么可供他们阅读的东西呢?有什么是针对这些人的特点呢?有什么促使他们思考的内容呢?有多少次我听到他们说“你要是想看一份糟糕透顶的报纸是什么样子,那就读读我们这份吧?”Ibelievethatoveraperiodofdecadesnewspapersh__ebecomeahabitratherthanafunction.我相信,在这几十年中,人们已经将读报变成了一种习惯,而不是再注重它应有的作用Theyh__eheldtheirfranchise特權solongthatchangehasbecomeinadmissible不許可的.报纸如此__地享有特权,已经无法接受改变了Idonotknowinfactofanymediumthathaschangedaslittleinthelasttwentyyearsasthedailypress.事实上,我还不知道新闻传播媒介中有哪一种像报纸那样在过去__年内变化如此之小Andthisresistan__tochangeistheendofgrowth---whichinturn__rkstheendofusefulness.这种对变革的__就是发展的终结,而停止了发展,反过来又标志着报纸用处的终结Changemeanstroublechangemeansworkchangemeanscost.变革意味着麻烦,变革意味着工作,变革意味着开销Itiseasiertoprintwireservi__sdispatchesthanh__eareporteronthebeat.刊登通讯社的电讯稿比派记者到现场采访要容易,Itiseasiertobuysyndicatedcolumnsthanfind---andtrain---localtalent.买报业辛迪加的专栏比发现——而且还要训练——优秀的当地记者要容易Itiseasiertolettheadsdictatethefor__tthandevelopafor__tthatelevatesnewsabovedogfood.听任__左右版面比设计一个使新闻比狗食__地位更为突出的版面要容易,itiseasiertowriteeditorialcopythatappealtoemotionratherthanreason.写社论稿时,诉诸于情感比诉诸于理智要容易Thisistomeatragedy.对我来说这是个悲剧Iamaprinted–wordwo__nmyselfandIstillthinkthewordwasnotonlyinthebeginningbutwillbeintheend.我本人是个以写作为职业的女性,我仍认为从过去到现在文字始终不会消亡Nopicturecaneverbeanadequatesubstitute.没有任何电视画面能胜任地代替文字Thewordwillprevail;thatisifyouwhoareitsguardianstreatitwiththerespectitdeserves.文字终将取胜,也就是说,如果你,文字的捍卫者,给予它应有的尊重的话Forityoudegrade降低andcheapen(貶低)thewordtoolongthepeoplewillturntothepicture.而如果你过久地降低其品质,贬低其价值,人们便会转向电视画面Theyarebeginningtoturntothepicturenow.NotinNewYork__ybenotinWashingtonD.C.orSt.Louisortwoorthreeothercitiesbutinhundredsoftownsacrossthecountry.人们现在已经开始这样做了,也许在纽约、华盛顿、圣路易或别的两三个城市中还不是这样,但在全国千百个市镇中已经是如此了Ohtheywillbuyyourpapers---toholdupatbreakfastortolinethetrashcanortolightafire.Butnottolearn.哎,他们会买你们的报纸——用来吃早餐时举在手里,或用来衬垫垃圾桶或引火,但不是用来获取信息Andyou__ywakeuponedaytofindyouh__elostthegreatestpowerentrustedtomen:toinformafreepeople.而你也许会有一天醒来时发现你已失去了人类被赋予的最大权利,即向自由的人民提供信息的权利 LessonThreeWhatswrongwithourPress01h__eadvantagesover...比……有优势;比……强02beusedbymenasbarriersagainsttheirwives被男人们用作隔离妻子的屏障03assuch作为这样一个……;这样;因此04morningfeatures指妻子起床后尚未梳妆打扮的面容05linesomethingwith...用……作衬垫06theotherwayaround恰好相反07littleknown鲜为人知08alittlesurvey小调查09comeinsecond居第二位10evenso虽然如此
11...asagainst...和过去情况加以比较而……是
12...bemostinclinedto...最倾向于……其意思近似tendto13guineapigs调查对象
14...toppedthelist居于首位
15...inabigwaytoo.幅度也很大16asawhole在整体上;作为整体来谈17WhenIspeakof...Iamnotspeakingof...当我谈及……时,我并不是说……18speakof谈起,说及
19...serve...asmodels给……做榜样
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59...treatitwiththerespectitdeserves给与他应有的尊重60Iamaprinted-wordwo__nmyselfLessonFourTheTragedy悲劇ofOldAgeinAmericaByRobertN.ButlerText美国老年的悲剧WhatisitliketobeoldintheUnitedStates在美国,老年是个什么样子?Whatwillourownlivesbelikewhenweareold当我们自己老了以后,生活会是什么样子?Americansfinditdifficulttothinkaboutoldageuntiltheyarepropelledintothemidstofitbytheirownagingandthatofrelativesandfriends.美国人感到在他们置身于自己的老年或亲朋好友的老年之中以前要考虑老年时的状况是很困难的Agingistheneglectedstepchildofthehu__nlifecycle.衰老过程是人类生命周期中被忽视的非亲生儿Thoughweh__ebeguntoexaminethesociallytaboo忌諱su__ectsofdyinganddeathweh__eleapedoverthatthatlongperiodoftimepre__dingdeathweh__eleapedoverthatlongperiodoftimepre__dingdeathknownasoldage.虽然我们已开始研究有关临终和死亡这个为社会所忌讳的题目,但是我们却跳过了死亡来临之前、称为老年的那一段漫长的时间Intruthitiseasierto__nagetheproblemofdeaththantheproblemoflivingasanoldperson.其实对待死亡的问题比对待老年时生活的问题要更容易Deathisadra__ticone-timecrisiswhileoldageisaday-by–dayandyear–by–yearconfrontationwith對抗powerfulexternalandinternalfor__sabittersweetcomingtotermswithone’sownpersonalityandone’slife.死亡是富有戏剧性的一次性危机,而老年则一天天一年年都在与强大的内外力量__,是一种苦乐参半的逐渐适应自己的个性和生活的过程Thoseofuswhoarenotoldbarricade阻止ourselvesfromdiscussionsofoldagebydeclaringthesu__ectmorbidboringorinpoortaste.我们之中那些未老的人阻挠我们讨论老龄问题,宣称这一话题是病态的、枯燥的、粗俗的Optimi__樂觀andeuphemi__委婉areothercommondevi__s.其他常见的回避这个问题的方法有在谈论时用乐观的词语和委婉说法peoplewillspeakoflookingforwardtotheir“retirementyears“.Theelderlyaredescribedrespectfullyas“seniorcitizens““goldenagers““ourelders“andonehearsofoldpeoplewhoareconsideredinspirationsandexamplesofhowto“agewell“不顯老or“gra__fully“老而莊重.人们会说到期待“退休年龄”的到来,老人被尊称为“年长的公民”,“金龄人”,“我们的长者”,而且人们听说有的老人在怎样能“不显老”或“老而庄重”方面成为鼓舞力量和榜样Thereisthepopularlyac__ptedopinionthatSocialSecurityandpensionsprovideacomfortableandreliableflowoffundssotheelderlyh__efewfinancialworries.还有一个人们普遍接受的看法,说社会福利和养老金源源不断地提供宽裕的可靠的收入,因此老人很少有经济上的担忧Medicarehaslulled麻貔thepopulationintoreassuringitselfthattheon__terriblefinancialburdensoflate-lifeillnessesarenoweradicated.对老人的国家医疗照顾制度诱使所有的人们放心地认为,晚年疾病造成的那一度可怕的经济负担已被连根消灭了Advertisementsandtr__elfoldersshowrelaxedhappywell-dressedolderpeopleenjoyingrecreation消譴tr__elandtheirgrandchildren.__和折页旅行指南展示了轻松快乐、衣着考究的老人享受着娱乐、旅游和儿孙之乐IftheyarenolongerlivingintheoldfamilyhometheyarepicturedasdelightedresidentsofretirementcommunitieswithnameslikeLeisureWorldandSunCitywithlotsofgrasscleanairandfun.假如他们不再住在原来的家里,他们就被描绘成退休老人社区的快活的居民,这些社区有着像悠闲世界、___一类的名字,绿草如茵、空气清新、其乐无穷ThisistheAmericanidealofthe“goldenyears“towardwhichmillionsofcitizensareexpectantlytoilingthroughtheirworkdays.这就是千百万公民辛劳地度过他们的工作日时心中期待着要实现的那个美国“金色岁月”的理想Butthisisnotthefullstory.Asecondthemerunsthroughthepopularviewofoldage.但这并不是全部情况在人们对老年的流行看法中还贯穿着另一个调子,Ourcolloquiali__s(口語)reveal說明agreatdeal:on__youareoldyouare“fadingfast“很快枯荽“overthehill“走下坡路“outtopasture“靠邊站“downthedrain“徒勞無功“finished“完蛋了“outofdate“過時了an“oldcrock“老廢物“fogy“老古板“geezer“怪老頭兒or“biddy“長舌婆.我们的口语用词很说明问题你一旦老了,便“很快枯萎”,“走下坡路”,“靠边站”,”徒劳无功”,“完蛋了”,“过时了”,是个“老废物”,“老古板”,“怪老头儿”或“长舌婆”Onehearschildrensayingtheyareafraidtogetoldmiddle-agedpeopledeclaringtheywantto___aftertheyh__epassedtheirprimeandnumbersofoldpeoplewishingtheyweredead.人们听到孩子们说他们害怕变老,中年人声称他们愿意在壮年过后就死去,而许多老人但愿自己早已死去Whatcanwepossiblyconcludefromthesediscrepant差異性pointsofview从这些互相矛盾的看法中我们能够得出什么样的结论呢?Ourpopularattitudescouldbesummedupasacombinationofwishfulthinkingandstarkterror.可以把流行在我们之中的态度归纳为痴心妄想和__裸的恐惧的结合Webaseourfeelingsonprimitivefearsprejudi__偏見andstereotypes墨守成規ratherthanonknowledgeandinsight.我们将感情建筑在原始的恐惧、偏见和墨守成规上而不是建筑在知识和远见之上Inrealitythewayoneexperien__soldageiscontingentupon與什麼有關physicalhealthpersonality性格earlier-lifeexperien__s早年經歷theactualcircumstan__soflate–lifeevents晚年生活具體情形inwhatordertheyoccurhowtheyoccurwhentheyoccurandthesocialsupportsonere__ives:事实上,一个人老年经历如何是因下列因素而异的身体健康状况、性格、早年经历、晚年__的具体情形(这些__发生之先后顺序、情形及具体时间)及他得到的社会支持;adequatefinan__sshelter住處medicalcaresocialrolesreligioussupportrecreation文化如樂.是否有足够的金钱,住处,医疗,社会任务,宗教支持,文化娱乐Allofthesearecrucial至關重要的andinterconnectedelementswhichtogetherdeterminethequalityoflatelife.这一切至关重要而又相互关联的因素共同决定个人晚年生活的质量Oldageisneitherinherentlymiserable痛苦的norinherentlysublime卓越的---likeeverystageoflife老年既不是天生就是痛苦的,也不是天生就是美满的,正如生命中每一阶段一样,ithasproblemsjoysfearsandpotentials.它有难题、欢乐、恐惧和潜力Thepro__ssofagingandeventualdeathmustulti__telybeac__ptedasthenaturalprogressionofthelifecycletheoldcompletingtheirprescribedlifespansand__kingwayfortheyoung.年老的过程及最后的死亡必须最终作为生命周期的自然进程被人们所接受,老人结束他们各自的寿数,为年轻人让路Muchthatisuniqueinoldageinfactderivesfromtherealityofagingandtheimminen__迫近ofdeath.事实上,老年独特之处多是由于衰老这一现实及死亡之逼近Theoldmustclarifyandfinduseforwhattheyh__eattainedinalifetimeoflearningandadapting;老人必须分清并加以利用自己毕生学习和适应的收获,theymustconservestrengthandresour__swherene__ssaryandadjustcreativelytothosechangesandlossesthatoccurapartoftheagingexperien__.他们必须在必要时,保持精力和物力,并创造性地加以调整,使自己适应于衰老过程中必定会经历的变化与损失Theelderlyh__ethepotentialforqualitiesofhu__nreflectionandobservationwhichcanonlycomeformh__inglivedanentirelifespan.老人有着人类更好地进行回顾与观察的潜在能力,而这是只有在度过整整一生之后才能得到的Thereisalifetimeaccumulationofpersonalityandexperien__whichis__ailabletobeusedandenjoyed.在一生中所积累形成的品格与经验可以从中受益匪浅Butwhatareanindividual’schan__sfora“good“oldageinAmericawithsatisfyingfinalyearsandadignifieddeath但是在美国,个人能有“美好”的老年,度过令人满意的生命的最后岁月并庄严地死去,这个可能性究竟有多大Unfortunatelynonetoogood.不幸的是,不大For__nyelderlyAmericansoldageisatragedy悲劇aperiodofquietdespair絕望deprivation剝奪desolation凄涼孤寂andmutedrage.对许多美国老年人来说,老年是个悲剧,是沉默绝望,各方面被剥夺、凄凉孤寂、无言的愤怒的时期,Thiscanbeaconsequen__ofthekindoflifeapersonhasledinyoungeryearsandtheproblemsinhisorherrelationshipswithothers.这种情况可能是一个人过去某种生活和他或她人际关系上存在的问题造成的后果,Therearealsoinevitablepersonalandphysicallossestobesustainedsomeofwhichcanbecomeoverwhelming壓抑andunbearable無法忍受的.同时还要承受无法避免的失去亲人或丧失身体机能的痛苦,有些可能会使人难以自拔,无法忍受Allofthisistheindividualfactortheexistentialelement.这些都是个人的因素,人的生活的一个部分Butoldageisfrequentlyatragedyevenwhentheearlyyearsh__ebeenfulfillingandpeopleseeminglyh__eeverythinggoingforthem.但即使在早年,生活非常充实而日似乎一帆风顺的人,晚年也常常是个悲剧HereinlieswhatIconsidertobethegenuinetragedyofoldageinAmerica这里就存在着我们认为的美国老年的真正悲剧–weh__eshapedasocietywhichisextremelyharshtoliveinwhenoneisold.——我们制造了一个老人极难在其中生活的社会Thetragedyofoldageisnotthefactthateachofusmustgrowoldand___butthatthepro__ssofdoingsohasbeen__deunne__ssarilyandattimesexcruciatinglypainful痛苦humiliating屈辱debilitating虛弱andisolating孤獨throughinsensitivity冷漠ignoran__愚昧andpoverty.老龄的悲剧并不是在于我们每个人正常变老和死亡,而是在于这过程被冷漠、愚昧和贫困搞得充满了不必要的,有时是难忍的痛苦屈辱、虚弱与孤独Thepotentialsforsatisfactionsandeventriumphsinlatelifearerealandvastlyunderexplored晚年生活中取得满足甚至成功的可能性是确实存在的,而且还远远没有发掘出来Forthemostparttheelderlystruggletoexistinaninhospitableworld.老人大都为生存在一个冷淡的世界上挣扎着ArethingsreallythatbadLet’sbeginbylookingatthebasicdailyrequirementsforsurvival.事情确实如此糟糕?让我们首先看一看生存必须的基本日常需求吧Povertyordrasticallyloweredincome收入大幅度下降andoldagegohandinhand.贫困或收入的大幅度下降与老年携手而至,Peoplewhoarepooralltheirlivesre__inpoorastheygrowold.Mostofusrealizethis.一生贫困的人们老后仍然贫困,我们大多数人都认识到这一点Whatwedonotrealizeisthatthesepoorarejoinedbymultitudesofpeoplewhobecomepooronlyaftergrowingolder.我们没有认识的是穷困者的队伍中加入了大批仅仅在进入老年后才变穷的人WhenSocialSecuritybecomesthesole唯一orpri__ry(主要)incomeitmeanssubsisten__–levelstylesfor__nyandre__ntincreasesdonotkeepupwithsoaring高漲的costsofliving.当社会福利成为仅有的、主要的收入时,这对许多人就意味着仅能勉强维持生活,而且新增加的福利金赶不上高涨的生活费用`Privatepensionplansoftendonotpayoffandpensionpaymentsthatdocomeinarenottiedtoinflationary彌補decreasesinbuyingpower.各种非__的养老金制度经常不能支付全部应付金额,而得到的养老金数目又不能弥补由于通货膨胀而造成的__力下降S__ingscanbewipedoutbyasingleunexpectedcatastrophe.大災難只要一个意想不到的灾祸就可以将积蓄化为乌有InJanuary1971halfoftheelderlyorover10millionpeoplelivedonlessthan$75aweekor$10perday.Mostlivedonfarless.在1971年1月,有半数即1000万以上的老人每周靠不到75美元即每天10美元生活,多数人的钱比这还要少得多Eventherelativelywell–offarenotassuredofanincomethatwillsupportthem.即使是相对宽裕一些的人也不能保证得到能维持他们生活的收入Ithasbeenesti__tedthatatleast30per__ntoftheelderlyliveinsubstandardhousing.估计至少有30%的老人住在不合法定标准的房屋中,__nymoremustdeprivethemselvesofessentialstokeeptheirhomesinrepair.更多的人为了保持房子适于居住进行维修而不得不牺牲一些必需品TheAmericandreampromisedolderpeoplethatiftheyworkedhardenoughalltheirlivesthingswouldturnoutwellforthem.美国梦给老人这样的期望,只要他们一生努力工作,一切终会好的Today’selderlywerebroughtuptobelieveinprideself-relian__andindependen__.今天的老人在成长过程中受到的教育是信奉自尊、自立、自主__nyaretoughdeterminedindividualswho__nagetosurviveagainstadversity.Buteventhetoughonesreachapointwherehelpshouldbe__ailabletothem.许多都是能在逆境中生存下来的坚韧不拔而又有主见的人物,但即使是坚韧不拔的人们也会需要得到帮助Agediscriminationinemploymentisunrestrainedwitharbitraryretirementpracti__sandbiasagainsthiringolderpeoplefor__ailablejobs.就业方面的年龄歧视是不受任何限制的,规定退休的具体做法很任意在雇佣人时对上年纪的人有歧视SocialSecuritypenalizedtheoldbyreducingtheirincomechecksassoonastheyearnmorethan$2400ayear.一旦老年人工作一年挣得2400美元以上,社会福利便用减低福利金的办法来惩罚他们Job-trainingprogramsdon’twanttheelderlyorthemiddle-agedforthat__ttersothereisnoopportunitytolearnnewskills.职业训练项目不愿接收老年人(连中年人也不要),因此没有机会学新技能Employersrarely__kecon__ssionsforthepossiblephysicallimitationsofotherwisevaluableolderemployeesandinsteadtheyarefired解雇retiredorfor__dtoresign.雇主对于那些除了可能有体力上的局限外其它方面很有用的年长职工很少进行照顾,而是将他们解雇,要他们退休或强迫他们辞职Itisobviousthattheoldgetsickmorefrequentlyandmoreseverelythantheyoungand86per__nth__echronic慢性healthproblemsofvaryingdegree.显然老年人比青年人容易生病,病起来也更严重,而且86%的老人有不同程度的慢性疾病Thesehealthproblemswhilesignificantarelargelytreatable可以治andforthemostpartdonotimpairthecapacitytowork.这些疾病固然应加以注意,但大量的疾病是可以治疗的,而且多数并不损害工作能力Medicarepaysforonly45per__ntofolderpeople’shealthexpenses;thebalan__mustcomefromtheirownincomesands__ingsorfromMedicaidwhichrequiresahumiliating羞恥的meanstest.国家医疗制度只支付老年人医疗费用的45%,余下部分得从他们自己的收入或积蓄中支付,或由医疗补贴计划来支付,但为此必须接受令人羞辱的家庭经济情况调查Aseriousillnesscanmeaninstantpoverty.一场重病可能意味着顷刻之间变得一贫如洗Drugsprescribedoutsideofhospitalshearingaidsglassesdentalcareandpodiatry足科arenotcoveredatallunderMedicare.不是由医院开的药的药费、助听器、眼睛、牙科和足科病,国家医疗照顾制度根本一律不予负担Thereisprejudi__againsttheoldbydoctorsandothermedicalpersonnelwhodon’tliketobotherwiththem.医生和其他医务人员歧视老年人,不愿为他们操心Psychiatrists精神病患者andmental-healthpersonneltypicallyassumethatthementalproblemsoftheoldareuntreatable.精神病医生和治疗人员是很典型的,他们认定老年人的精神病没法治Psycho____yststheelite精華ofthepsychiatricprofessionrarelyac__ptthemaspatients.作为治疗精神病行业中精华人物的精神分析学家,很少收治老人Medicalschoolsandotherteachinginstitutionsfindthem“uninteresting“.医学院及其他教学机构认为他们“没有意思”Voluntaryhospitals私立醫院arewellknownfordumpingthe“Medicarepatient“intomunicipal市立的hospitals;私立医院在把“靠国家医疗照顾制度的病人”往市立医院一推了之是出了名的municipalhospitalsinturnfunnelthemintonursinghomes小型疗养所mentalhospitals精神病院andchronic-diseaseinstitutions慢性疾病withouttheadequate充分diagnostic診斷andtreatmenteffortwhichmightenablethemtoreturnhome.而市立医院不作充分的努力进行诊断和治疗,使他们有可能出院回家,却把他们分别集中到小型疗养所、精神病院和慢性病院去Personswhodore__inathomewhileinillhealthh__eseriousdifficultiesingettingsocialmedicalandpsychiatricservi__sbroughtdirectlytothem.身体不好而仍留在家中的人要得到社会、医疗和精神病治疗方面回送上门的服务,存在着极其严重的困难Problemslargeand__allconfronttheelderly.老年人面临大大小小的问题Theyareeasytargetsforcrimeinthestreetsandintheirhomes.不论在街上还是在家里,他们都是____易于得手的目标Becauseofloneliness寂寞confusion糊塗hearingandvisualdifficulties耳聾眼花theyareprimevictims主要受害人ofdishonest不誠實的door–to–doorsale__enandfraudulentadvertisingandbuydefectivehearingaidsdan__lessonsuseless“Medicareinsuran__supplements“andquackhealthreme___s假藥由于寂寞、糊涂、耳聋眼花,他们是狡诈的挨门挨户推销商品的人和骗人的__的主要受害者,买下有毛病的助听器,报名上舞蹈课,参加毫无用处的“国家医疗保障制度补充保险”,还__骗人的假药Personscrippled跛子byarthritis關節炎orstrokes呵斥areyelledatbyimpatientbusdriversfortheirslownessinclimbingonandoffbuses.那些因患关节炎或中风而行动不便的人由于上下公共汽车太慢而遭到不耐烦的司机呵斥Trafficlightsturnredbeforetheycangetacrossthestreet.还没等他们走过马路交通灯就变红了Revolvingdoorsmovetooquickly.Subwaysusuallyh__enoelevators.電梯orescalators.旋转门转动太快,地铁通常没有电梯或自动扶梯Oldwomenfareworsethanoldmen.老年妇女比老年男子遭遇更惨Womenh__ean__eragelifeexpectancyofsevenyearslongerthanmenandtendto__rrymenolderthanthemselves;妇女的平均估计寿命比男子长7年,她们一般倾向于和比自己年长的男子结婚,sotwo-thirdssixmillionofallolderwomenarewidows.因此老年妇女中2/3(约六百万)是寡妇Whenwidowedtheydonoth__ethesocialprerogativesasoldermentodateand__rrythosewhoareyounger.丧夫之后她们没有和老年男子一样的与比自己年轻的异性约会结婚的社会权利,Asaresulttheyarelikelytoendupalone结果是她们很可能独自度过余生---anironicturn諷刺意義ofeventswhenoneremembersthatmostofthemwereraisedfromchildhoodtoconsider__rriagetheonlyac__ptablestate.她们老年时的遭遇实在是个很有讽刺意味如果人们记得她们中多数人从童年起受到的教育就是把婚姻看作是唯一可以接受的生活状况,Theincomelevelsofolderworkingwomenaregenerallylowerthanthoseofmen;老年职业妇女的收入水平一般低于男子,__nyneverworkedoutsidethehomeuntiltheirchildrenweregrownandthenonlyatunskilledlow-payingjobs.许多妇女直到子女长大才离家出外工作,结果只干些非技术性的、工资低的活Otherswhoworkedalltheirlivestypicallyre__ivedlowwageswithlowerSocialSecurityandprivateretirementbenefitsasaresult.还有一些妇女工作了一辈子工资还是很少,结果是社会福利和非__退休津贴都很低Until1973housewiveswhowerewidowedre__ivedonly
82.5per__ntoftheirhu__and‘sSocialSecuritybenefitseventhoughtheywerefull–timehome–__kers.直到1973年为止,死去丈夫的家庭妇女,尽管她们专职全天工作持家,却只能__去世丈夫的社会福利金的82.5%BlackMexican–AmericanandAmericanIndianelderlyallh__ealowerlifeexpectancythanwhitesduetotheirsocioeconomicdisadvantages.黑人、美籍西哥人、美国印第安人的老人,由于他们____上的不利地位,估计寿命都低于白人Althoughthelifeexpectancyof
67.5yearsforwhitemenre__inedthesamefrom1960to1968thelifeexpectancyforblackmendeclinedafullyearduringthattimefrom
61.1to
60.
0.从_____到1968年,尽管白人男子的估计寿命保持在
67.5岁,黑人男子的估计寿命在此期间整整减少了1岁(从
61.1岁减至60岁)Blacksofallages__keup11per__ntofthetotalUnitedStatespopulationbuttheyconstituteonly
7.8per__ntoftheelderly.各个年龄段的黑人一共占美国总人口的11%,但在老人中黑人只占
7.8%ThelifeexpectancyforMexican-Americansisesti__tedat57yearsandforAmericanIndiansat44years.美籍墨西哥人的估计寿命是57岁,美国印第安人为44岁Mostdonotlivelongenoughtobeeligible符合條件forthebenefitsofSocialSecurityandMedicare.多数人没有能活到有资格__社会福利补助和享受国家医疗照顾Povertyisthenorm.Scantattentionispaidtotheirparticularculturalinterestsandheritage.贫困是他们标准的生活方式,对他们独特的文化兴趣与传统很少给予__Asian-AmericanelderlyChineseJapaneseKoreanFilipinoandSamoanarevictimsofapublicimpressionthattheyareindependentlycaredfrobytheirfamiliesandthereforedonotneedhelp.在人们心中有这样的印象,美籍亚裔中的老人(中国、__、朝鲜菲律宾及萨摩亚人)受到家庭的单独照顾,因此不需要帮助Howeverpatterns方式ofimmigrationbyAsian-Americanstothiscountrytheculturalbarrierslanguageproblemsanddiscrimination歧視theyh__efa__dh__ealltakenatolloftheirelderlyandtheirfamilies.美籍亚裔向美国__的方式,文化障碍,语言问题及他们受到的歧视都使他们的老人及家庭遭到损害ThisisparticularlytrueofolderChinesemenwhowerenotallowedtobringtheirwivesandfamilieswiththemtotheUnitedStatesortointer__rry.特别是华裔老年男子,不允许他们带家眷到美国来,也不允许他们与别的人种通婚
1.cometotermswithpara.1达成协议;妥协;让步;屈服e.g.
①Shehascometotermswithherfate.她已听天由命了
②He__nagedtocometotermswithhisillness.他设法忍住了疾病的痛苦
2.lull__.intodoingsth.para.2哄骗某人干某事e.g.Hispromiselulledherintobelievingthathelovedherverymuch.他的诺言哄骗她相信他非常爱她类似的词组还有cheat__.intodoingsth.;persuade__.intodoingsth.
3.inherentlypara.5本能地;本质上地;固有地;生来就有的e.g.__nisinherentlygood.人生来就是好的注意与naturally的区别,naturally表示自然地,天然地,如naturallydroopingbranches天然下垂的枝条
4.辨析conserve/preservepara.5conserve除了有preserve同样的意思“保存”、“储藏”;“保护”,还有“节约”的意思另外,preserve还可以表示“防腐”e.g.
①Wemustconserveourforestsifweareto__kesureofafuturesupplyofwood.为了保证未来木材的供应没有问题,我们必须保护森林
②Saltpreservesfoodfromdecay.盐能防止食物腐烂
5.inhospitablepara.6冷淡的,不热情的该词的反义词为hospitable,意思是“热情的”,in为否定前缀注意否定前缀的规律,il放在l起首的单词,如illegal非法的;im放在以bmp起首的单词前,如impossible不可能;ir放在以r起着的单词,如irregular不定期的
6.deprive...of...para.8剥夺……,使……失去……e.g.
①Thepeopledeprivedthekingofhispower.人民剥夺了那个国王的权力
②Thesemisfortunesalmostdeprivedhimofhisreason.这些不幸几乎使他失去理智
7.辨析untreatable/incurablepara.11untreatable:不能治,无法治e.g.untreatabledisease不能治的病incurable:不能治愈的,无法治好的e.g.incurabledisease不能治好的病LessonFiveTriflesPartOneBySusanGlaspellTextCharacters人物GeorgeHendersoncountyattorney乔治亨德森,县法官HenryPetersSheriff亨利彼得斯,司法官LewisHaleAnei___oringfarmer路易斯黑尔,附近的农场主Mrs.Peters 彼得斯__Mrs.Hale黑尔__ S__ne场景Thekitcheninthenowabandoned閒置的farmhouseofJohnWrightagloomykitchenandleftwithouth__ingbeenputinorder---unwashedpansunderthesinkaloafof一條breadoutsidethebreadboxadishtowelonthetable---othersignsofincompletedwork.约翰赖特的农场里现已闲置的房屋中的厨房这是一间阴暗的厨房,人离开时尚未收拾整齐——洗涤槽下有没洗的煎锅,装面包的盒子外面有一块面包,桌子上有一块擦桌布——还有其他未干完活儿的迹象AtthereartheouterdooropensandthesheriffcomesinfollowedbythecountyattorneyandMr.Hale.後侧,大门打开,司法官走上,身后跟着县法官和黑尔先生ThesheriffandMr.Halearemeninmiddlelifethecountyattorneyisayoung__nallaremuchbundledup臃腫andgoaton__tothestove.後侧,大门打开,司法官走上,身后跟着县法官和黑尔先生司法官和黑尔先生是中年人,县法官是个年轻人,三个人都穿着臃肿,立刻走向炉火Theyarefollowedbytwowomen---thesheriff‘swifefirst;sheisaslightwiry瘦长却很结实wo__nwithathinnervousfa__.Mrs.Haleislargerandwouldordinarilybecalledmorecomfortablelookingbutsheisdisturbednowandlooksfearfullyaboutassheenters.Thewomenh__ecomeinslowlyandstandclosetogethernearthedoor.琐事(第一部分)他们的身后跟着两个女人——前面的司法官__,她身材略显瘦长却很结实,面庞消瘦,而且紧张不安后面是黑尔__,她身材高大,模样平时还称得上令人愉快,但现在却心烦意乱,一进屋就惊恐地四处张望两个女人缓缓地走进__,紧挨在一起站在门边Countyattorney:rubbinghishands.Thisfeelsgood.Comeuptothefirela___s.县法官(搓着双手)这儿感觉不错到炉火这边来吧,女士们Mrs.Peters:Aftertakingastepforward.I‘mnot---cold.彼得斯__(向前迈了一步后)我不——冷Sheriff:Unbuttoninghisovercoatandsteppingawayfromthestoveasifto__rkthebeginningofofficialbusiness.NowMr.HalebeforewemovethingsaboutyouexplaintoMr.Hendersonjustwhatyousawwhenyoucamehereyesterdaymorning.司法官(解开外套,从炉边走开,仿佛以此标志着开始了公务)黑尔先生,在我们__任何东西之前,你向亨德森先生讲讲你昨天早晨来这儿时看到的一切Countyattorney:BythewayhasanythingbeenmovedArethingsjustasyouleftthemyesterday县法官等一下,有什么东西动过吗?是不是一切都和你昨天离开时一样?Sheriff:LookingaboutIt‘sjustthesame.WhenitdroppedbelowzerolastnightIthoughtI‘dbettersendFrankoutthismorningto__keafireforus----nousegettingpneumonia肺炎withabigcaseonbutItoldhimnottotouchanythingex__ptthestove----andyouknowFrank.司法官(环视四周)完全一样昨晚温度降到零度以下时,我想最好派弗兰克今早来给我们生上火,——发生大案时得肺炎可没什么好处,可我跟他说除了炉子以外什么也别动——你知道弗兰克这个人Countyattorney:Somebodyshouldh__ebeenlefthereyesterday.县法官昨天这里应该留下个人Sheriff:Oh----yesterday.WhenIhadtosendFranktoMorris__nterforthat__nwhowentcrazy----IwantyoutoknowIhadmyhandsfullyesterdayIknewyoucouldgetbackfromO__habytodayandaslongasIwentovereverythingheremyself----司法官呵——昨天我派弗兰克去莫里斯中心处理那个发疯的人时——我想告诉你我昨天手头事儿很多,我知道今天你能从奥马哈赶回来,而且只要我亲自查看了这里的一切——Countyattorney:WellMr.Hale____justwhathappenedwhenyoucamehereyesterdaymorning.县法官好了,黑尔先生,告诉我昨天早晨你来这儿时出了什么事?Mr.Hale:HarryandIhadstartedtotownwithaloadofpotatoes.Wecamealongtheroadfrommypla__andasIgothereIsaid“I‘mgoingtoseeifIcan’tgetJohnWrighttogoinwithmeona_____telephone公用電話.“我同哈里带着一车土豆动身进城,从我家出来走到这时,我说“我想看看是不是无法让约翰赖特跟我一起装一部公用__”IspoketoWrightaboutiton__beforeandheputmeoffsayingflokstalkedtoomuchanywayandallheaskedwaspea__andquiet---我以前跟赖特提过一次,他没回答,只是说不管怎么着人们说话太多了他想要的只是不受打扰,安安静静-Iguessyouknowabouthowmuchhetalkedhimself;butIthought__ybeifIwenttothehouseandtalkedaboutitbeforehiswifethoughIsaidtoHarrythatIdidn’tknowaswhathiswifewanted__demuchdifferen__toJohn----我猜你了解他自己平时说多少话,但我想也许我要是到他家当着他妻子的面跟他谈,尽管我告诉哈里,据我所知妻子的要求不会对约翰起多大作用……Countyattorney:Let’stalkaboutthatlaterMr.Hale.Idowanttotalkaboutthatbut____nowjustwhathappenedwhenyougottothehouse.县法官这些我们以后再谈,黑尔先生我的确想了解这些情况,可现在告诉我你进屋后的事情Mr.Hale:Ididn’thearorseeanything;Iknockedatthedoorandstillitwasallquietinside.Iknewtheymustbeupitwaspasteighto’clock.SoIknockedagainandIthoughtIheardsomebodysay“Comein.“Iwasn’tsureI‘mnotsureyetbutIopenedthedoor---thisdoorIndicating指出thedoorbywhichthetwowomenarestillstanding.andthereinthatrocker搖椅---pointingtoit.satMrs.Wright.黑尔先生我什么都没听见也没看见;我敲了敲门,屋里一点动静都没有我知道他们已经起床,当时已经八点多了于是我又敲了敲门我觉得有人说“进来”,可又不能肯定,直到现在我也不能肯定我就打开了门——这扇门(示意两个女人仍站在旁边的那扇门),赖特__就坐在——那把摇椅上Theyalllookattherocker.(所有的人都注视那把摇椅)Countyattorney:What----wasshedoing 县法官她——在干什么?Mr.Hale:Shewasrockingbackandforth.Shehadherapron圍裙inherhandandwaskindof---pleatingit.黑尔先生她正在前后摇晃,手里拿着围裙,有点像在——编辫子Countyattorney:Andhowdidshe---look 县法官她——看上去怎么样?Mr.Hale:Wellshelookedqueer.她看上去挺古怪Countyattorney:Howdoyoumean----queer县法官古怪——什么意思?Mr.Hale:Wellasifshedidn’tknowwhatshewasgoingtodonext.Andkindofdoneup.黑尔先生好像她不知道自己接下来要做什么,而且有点精疲力尽Countyattorney:Howdidsheseemtofeelaboutyourcoming县法官对你的到来她看上去有什么感觉?Mr.Hale:WhyIdon’tthinksheminded---onewayorother.Shedidn’tpaymuchattention.Isaid“HowdoMrs.Wrightit’scoldain’tit”Andshesaid“Isit”黑尔先生哼,我认为她不在乎——在某个方面是这样她没怎么注意我我说,“好吗?赖特__?天真冷啊”她说,“是吗?---andwentonkindofpleatingatherapron.WellIwassurprised;shedidn’taskmetocomeuptothestoveortositdownbutjustsattherenotevenlookingatme然后接着在围裙上不停地编着咦,我挺奇怪她没请我到炉边去或请我坐下,她只是坐在那里,甚至看都不看我一眼soIsaid“IwanttoseeJohn.“andthenshe---laughed.Iguessyouwouldcallitalaugh.IthoughtofHarryandtheteamoutsidesoIsaidalittlesharp:“Can’tIseeJohn”于是我说,“我要找约翰”可她却——大笑起来我猜你也会把那叫做大笑我想起外面的哈里和马车,于是有点生气地说,“我可以见一见约翰吗?”“No“shesayskindofdull遲`疑like.她样子有点迟疑地说,“不行”“Ain’thehome”saysI.“Yes“saysshe“he’shome.”“他不在家吗?”她说,“不,他在家”“thenwhycan’tIseehim”Iaskedheroutofpatien__.不耐煩我不耐烦地问,“那____不能见他?”“Causehe’sdead“saysshe.“Dead”saysI.shejustnoddedherheadnotgettingabitexcitedbutrockingbackandforth.她说“因为他死了”我说“死了?”她只是点点头,一点也不激动,仍然只是前后摇晃着“Why---whereishe”saysInotknowingwhattosay.“___,他在哪儿?”我简直不知说什么好了Shejustpointedupstairs----likethat.Himselfpointingtotheroomabove.Igotupwiththeideaofgoingupthere.Iwalkedfromtheretohere----thenIsays“Whywhatdidhe___of”她只是指了指楼上——就这样(自己也手指着楼上的__)我起身,想着走上去看看,我从那儿走到这儿,然后问到,“___,他是怎样死的?”我问he___dofarope繩子roundhisneck”sayssheandjustwentonpleatingatherapron.她说,“是绳子绕在脖子上勒死的”边说边接着编她的围裙WellIwentoutandcalledHarry.IthoughtImight---needhelp.Wewentupstairsandtherehewaslying----于是,我出去叫哈里,我想我也许——需要帮助我们走到楼上,看到他就躺在那里……Countyattorney:IthinkI‘dratherh__eyougointothatupstairswhereyoucanpointitallout.Justgoonnowwiththerestofthestory.县法官我想最好让你到楼上讲这部分情况,你在那里可以把一切都指出来,现在接着讲其他的情况吧`Mr.Hale:Wellmyfirstthoughtwastogetthatropeoff.Itlooked…Stopshisfa__twitches.…butHarryhewentuptohimandhesaid“Nohe’sdeadallrightandwe’dbetternottouchanything.“sowewentbackdownstairs.黑尔先生当时,我第一个想法就是将绳子拿下来,那看上去……(停住话头,脸上肌肉扭曲)……可是哈里,他走到他跟前,说道,“不,他确实已经死了,我们最好哪儿也别碰”于是我们又回到楼下shewasstillsittingthatway.“Hasanybodybeennotified”Iasked.“No“sayssheuncon__rned.她仍然像刚才一样坐在那里我问,“通知什么人了吗?”她漠不关心地回答,“没有”“WhodidthisMrs.Wright”saysHarry.Hesaiditbusinesslike----andshestoppedpleatingofherapron.:”Idunno”shesays.哈里问,“是谁干的,赖特__?”他问话时就像执行公务——她答道,“不知道”“Youdon’tknow”saysHarry.“No“saysshe.“Weren’tyousleepinginthebedwithhim”saysHarry.哈里问,“你没跟他睡在一张床上?”“Yes“saysshe“butIwasontheinside.她说,“不是,可我睡在里面”“somebodyslippedaroperoundhisneckandstrangled勒死himandyoudidn’twakeup”saysHarry.哈里问,“有人把绳子系在他的脖子上勒死了他,可你却没有醒?”“Ididn’twakeup“shesaidafterhim.Wemusth__elookedasifwedidn’tseehowthatcouldbeforafteraminuteshesaid“Isleepsound.“睡得很死她重复着他的话说,“我没醒”我们当时准是看上去无法理解这怎么可能,因为过了一会她又说,“我睡得很死”HarrywasgoingtoaskhermorequestionsbutIsaid__ybeweoughttolether____herstoryfirsttothecoroner驗屍官orthesheriff哈里还想再问她更多的问题,可我说也许该让她先把事情讲给验尸官或司法官听soHarrywentfastashecouldtoRivers‘spla__wherethere’satelephone.于是哈里以最快的速度赶到了雷佛斯家,那里有一部__Countyattorney:AndwhatdidMrs.Wrightdowhensheknewthatyouhadgoneforthecoroner县法官赖特__知道你们去叫验尸官后做了些什么?Mr.Hale:Shemovedfromthatchairtothisoneoverhere.pointingtoa__allchairinthecorner.andjustsattherewithherhandsheldtogetherandlookingdown.黑尔先生她从那把椅子上移到这边的这把上(指着屋角的一把小椅子)坐在那里双手握在一起,两眼看着下边IgotafeelingthatIoughtto__kesomeconversationsoIsaidIhadcomeintoseeifJohnwantedtoputinatelephoneandatthatshestartedtolaughandthenshestoppedanlookedatme-----scared.Thecountyattorneywhohashadhisnotebookout__kesanote.我有种感觉应该说点儿什么,于是我说我来是看看约翰是否愿意装一部__,她听后大笑起来,然后停下来注视着我——神色惊慌(县法官早已掏出记事本,现在做了个记录)Idunno__ybeitwasn’tscared.Iwouldn’tliketosayitwas.SoonHarrygotbackandthenDr.LloydcameandyouMr.PetersandsoIguessthat’sallIknowthatyoudon’t.我不知道,也许那不是惊慌,我不想说那是惊慌不久哈里回来了,劳埃德医生也来了,还有你和彼得斯先生,所以我想这就是我所知道的所有你们不知道的事情Countyattorney:Lookingaround.Iguesswe’llgoupstairsfirst---andthenouttothebarn谷倉andaroundthere.Tothesheriff.You’reconvin__dthattherewasnothingimportanthere---nothingthatwouldpointtoanymotive.動機县法官(环视四周)我想我们先上楼,然后最先到谷仓和房子周围看看(对司法官)你相信这儿没有任何重要的东西——任何能说明有某种动机的东西Sheriff:Nothingherebutkitchenthings.司法官这儿除了厨房用品什么也没有Thecountyattorneyafteragainlookingaroundthekitchenopensthedoorofacupboardcloset食品壁橱.Hegetsuponachairandlooksonashelf.Pullshishandawaysticky.尴尬(县法官再次环视了厨房后,打开一个食品壁橱,他站到椅子上往架子上看,抽回手,显得有些尴尬)Countyattorney:Here’sani__mess.县法官这里乱七八糟Thewomendrawnearer.(两个女人走近了些)MrsPeterstotheotherwo__n.Ohherfruit;itdidfreeze.tothecountyattorney.Sheworriedaboutthatwhenitturnedsocold.Shesaidthefire’dgooutandherjarswouldbreak.彼得斯__(对另一个女人)哎呀,她的水果,果真冻坏了(对县法官)天变得这么冷,她就担心这个她说炉火会熄灭的,她的罐子就会冻破Sheriff:Wellcanbeatthewomen!真拿女我沒法Heldformurderandworryingaboutherpreserves.罐頭司法官好了,真拿女人没办法因为谋杀被关了起来反倒担心她的水果罐头Countyattorney:Iguessbeforewe’rethroughshe__yh__esomethingmoreseriousthanpreservestoworryabout.县法官我猜想在我们干完之前她可能还有比水果更重要的东西要担心Mr.Hale:Wellwomenareusedtoworryingovertrifles.黑尔先生唉,女人总是习惯于为琐事担忧Thetwowomenmovealittleclosertogether.两个女人靠得更近了一些)countyattorneyWiththegallantry果敢ofayoungpolitician.andyetforalltheirworrieswhatwouldwedowithoutthela___s县法官(以一个年轻__家的果敢)然而,尽管她们有此担忧,可没有女士我们又能做些什么呢?Thewomendonotunbend.Hegoestothesinktakesadipperfulofwaterfromthepail水桶andpouringitintoabasinwasheshishands.两个女人神情并未松弛他走到洗涤槽前,从水桶里舀出一大勺水倒进盆中,洗完手,Startstowipethemontherollertowelturnsitforacleanerpla__.Dirtytowels!Kickshisfootagainstthepansunderthesink.Notmuchofahousekeeperwouldyousayla___s开始用环状毛巾擦手,转动毛巾寻找一块比较干净的地方)肮脏的毛巾(脚踢到洗涤槽下的煎锅)不是个很会管家的好主妇,女士们,你们说呢?Mrs.Hale:Stiffly.There‘sagreatdealofworktobedoneonafarm.黑尔__(生硬地)一个农场中有很多很多的活儿要干Countyattorney:Tobesure.Andyetwithalittlebowtoher.Iknowtherearesome____soncountyfarmhouseswhichdonoth__esuchrollertowels.县法官一点儿不错(对她微微一躬身)据我所知,迪克逊县有些农场的住户不使用这样的环状毛巾Hegivesitapulltoexposeitsfulllengthagain.他拉一下毛巾以再次使它全部展开)Mrs.Hale:Thosetowelsgetdirtyawfulquick.Men’shandsaren’talwaysascleanastheymightbe.黑尔__那些毛巾脏得特别快男人并不总是尽量让手上干干净净Countyattorney:Ahloyaltoyour___Isee.ButyouandMrs.Wrightwerenei___ors.Isupposeyouwerefriendstoo.县法官哈哈,忠实于你们妇女,我明白了你与赖特__是邻居,但猜想你们也是朋友吧Mrs.Hale:Shakingherhead.I‘venotseenmuchofheroflateyears.I‘venotbeeninthishouse----it’smorethanayear.黑尔__(摇了摇头)近年来我们见面不多我一直没进过这所房子——已经一年多了Countyattorney:AndwhywasthatYoudidn’tlikeher县法官___会这样?你不喜欢她吗?Mrs.Hale:Ilikedherallwellenough.Farmers’wivesh__etheirhandsfullMr.Henderson.Andthen-----黑尔__她这个人我确实很喜欢农场主的妻子总是特别忙亨德森先生……Countyattorney:yes----县法官什么?Mrs.Hale:lookingaboutItneverseemedaverycheerfulpla__.黑尔__(看看周围)这儿似乎从来就不是个令人愉快的地方Countyattorney:No-----it’snotcheerful.Ishouldn’tsayshehadthehome__kinginstinct.县法官是的,——这里并不令人愉快我应该说她没有持家的天性Mrs.Hale:WellIdon’tknowasWrighthadeither.黑尔__我认为赖特也没有Countyattorney:Youmeanthattheydidn’tgetonverywell县法官你的意思是他们相处得不太好?MrsHale:NoIdon’tmeananything.ButIdon’tthinkapla__’dbeanycheerfullerforJohnWright’sbeinginit.黑尔__不,我并没有任何意思我认为约翰赖特住的地方不会更令人愉快Countyattorney:I‘dliketotalkmoreofthatalittlelater.Iwanttogetthelayofthingsupstairsnow.县法官我想过会儿再继续谈这个问题现在我要看看楼上的情况 Hegoestotheleftwherethreestepsleadtoastairdoor.他走到左边,那儿有三个梯级通向楼梯的门)Sheriff:IsupposeanythingMrs.Petersdoes‘llbeallright.Shewastotakeinsomeclothesforheryouknowandafewlittlethings.Weleftinsuchahurryyesterday.司法官我想彼得斯__做什么事情都可以,她要为她取一些衣服,你知道,还有一些小玩意儿我们昨天太匆忙了Countyattorney:YesbutIwouldliketoseewhatyoutakeMrsPetersandkeepaneyeoutforanythingthatmightbeofusetous.县法官是的但我想要看看你拿的东西,彼得斯__,请睁大眼睛注意可能对我们有用的任何东西Mrs.Peters:YesMr.Henderson.彼得斯__好的,亨德森先生Thewomenlistentothemen’sstepsonthestairsthenlookaboutthekitchen.两个女人听着男人们的脚步声走上楼梯,然后在厨房里四处打量)Mrs.Hale:I‘dhatemencomingintomykitchensnoopingaroundandcriticizing.黑尔__我不喜欢男人进我的厨房,四处窥探,说三道四shearrangesthepansundersinkwhichthecountyattorneyhadshovedoutofpla__.(她将洗涤槽下县法官踢乱的煎锅摆好)Mrs.Peters:Ofcourseit’snomorethantheirduty.彼得斯__当然,那不过是他们的职责Mrs.Hale:Duty’sallrightbutIguessthatdeputysheriffthatcameoutto__kefiremighth__ealittleofthison.黑尔__职责我并不__,可我猜想来生炉火的助理司法官可能已经让它变得更脏了Givestherollertowelapull.WishI‘dthoughofthatsooner.Seemsmeantotalkaboutherfornoth__ingthingsslickedupwhenshehadtocomeawayinsuchahurry.(拉一下环状毛巾)真希望我能早点儿想到这点,似乎有意要说她在不得不那样匆忙离开家时没有把东西收拾整洁Mrs.Peters:Whohasgonetoa__alltableintheleftrearcorneroftheroomandlifedoneendofatowelthatcoversapan.Shehadbreadset.Standsstill.彼得斯__(她已经走到置于__左后角的小桌旁,掀起盖着盘子的毛巾的一边)她把做面包的面发上了(她站着不动)Mrs.Hale:Eyesfixedonaloafofbreadbesidethebreadboxwhichisonalowshelfattheothersideoftheroom.Movesslowlytowardit.shewasgoingtoputthisinthere.黑尔__(眼睛盯着__另一头一个低架上放在面包盒旁边的一条面包,慢慢走过去)她打算把这个放进这里边Picksuploafthenabruptlydropsit.Ina__nnerofreturningtofamiliarthings.拿起面包,然后突然放下样子就像在谈论熟知的一件事情)It’sashameaboutherfruit.Iwonderifit’sallgone.Getsuponthechairandlooks.Ithinkthere’ssomeherethat’sallrightMrs.Peters.她的水果真令人遗憾;不知是不是都糟蹋了(站到椅子上去看)我觉得这还会有好的,彼得斯__Yes-----here;Holdingittowardthewindow.thisischerriestoo.Lookingagain.IdeclareIbelievethat’stheonlyone.没错——在这儿,(举起来对着窗户)这也是樱桃(再看)我敢说这是惟一的一瓶Getsdownbottleinherhand.Goestothesinkandwipesitoffontheoutside.She’llfeelawfulbadafterallherhardworkinthehotweather.手拿着瓶子从椅子上下来,走到洗涤槽旁把瓶子外边擦净)她一定感觉很伤心,她大热天辛辛苦苦地做了这些IremembertheafternoonIputupmycherrieslastsummer.我还记得去年夏天我做樱桃罐头的那个下午Sheputsthebottleonthebigkitchentable__nteroftheroom.Withasighisabouttositdownintherocking–chair.Beforesheisseatedrealizeswhatchairitis;withaslowlookatitstepsback.Thechairwhichshehastouchedrocksbackandforth.(她把瓶子放在厨房__的大桌子上叹了一口气,准备在摇椅上坐下正要坐时,意识到这是什么椅子;慢慢看了它一眼,退回来她碰过的摇椅前后摆动)MrsPerters:WellImustgetthosethingsfromthefrontroomcloset.Shegoestothedoorattherightbutafterlookingintotheotherroomstepsback.Youcomingwithmemrs.haleYoucouldhelpmecarrythem.Theygointheotherroom;reappearMrs.PeterscarryingadressandskirtMrs.Halefollowingwithapairofshoes. 彼得斯__现在,我得到正屋壁橱里取那些衣物(她走到右边的门口,往另一个__里看了看,又走了回来)跟我一起去,好吗?黑尔__你可以帮我拿着它们她们走进另一个__,又走了回来,彼得斯__拿着一件衣服和一条裙子,黑尔__拿着一双鞋跟在后面) Mrs.Peters:Myit’scoldinthere.彼得斯__哎呀,那里真冷啊!Sheputstheclothesonthebigtableandhurriestothestove.(她将衣服放在大桌子上,快步走到炉火旁)`Mrs.HaleExamingherskirt.Wrightwasclose.黑尔__(审视着她的裙子)赖特是个吝啬的人Ithink__ybethat’swhyshekeptsomuchtoherself.shedidn’tevenbelongtotheLa___sAid.我想这可能就是___她不太与别人来往的原因她甚至都没加入妇女捐助会Isupposedshefeltshecouldn’tdoherpartandthenyoudon’tenjoythingswhenyoufeelshabby破舊的.我想她觉得无法履行自己的那份职责,而且当你感到自己衣着寒酸时就不喜欢各种活动,SheusedtowearprettyclothesandbelivelywhenshewasMinnieFosteroneofthetowngirlssinginginthechoir.过去她穿着漂亮的衣服,活泼可爱,那时她还叫明妮福斯特,是唱诗班里的一个城里姑娘Butthat–ohthatwasthirtyyearsago.Thisallyouwastotakein可那——唉,那是___前的事了你要取的东西就这些吗?Mrs.Peters:Shesaidshewantedanapron.Funnythingtowantforthereisn’tmuchtogetyoudirtyinjailgoodnessknows.彼得斯__她说想要个围裙要的东西真奇怪,监狱中没什么会把你弄脏,天知道ButIsupposejustto__keherfeelmorenatural.Shesaidtheywasinthetopdrawerinthiscupboard.可我想她只是想让自己感到更习惯她说它们都在这个柜子上面的抽屉里Yeshere.Andthenherlittleshawl圍巾thatalwayshungbehindthedoor.Opensstairdoorandlooks.Yeshereitis.Quicklyshutsdoorleadingupstairs.没错,在这儿还有她总挂在门后的围巾(打开楼梯门看了看)有了,在这儿(迅速关上通向楼梯的门)LessonSixTriflesParttwo琐事第二部分TextMrs.Hale:Abruptlymovingtowardher.Mrs.Perters黑尔__(突然走向她)彼得斯__?Mrs.Perters:YesMrs.Hale彼得斯__什么事,黑尔__?Mrs.Hale:Doyouthinkshedidit黑尔__你认为是她干的吗?Mrs.Peters:inafrightenedvoi__.OhIdon’tknow.彼得斯__(以惊恐的语调)啊,我不知道Mrs.Hale:WellIdon’tthinkshedid.Askingforanapronandherlittleshawl.Worryingaboutherfruit.黑尔__哼,我认为不是她,她要她的围裙和小围巾,还担心她的水果Mrs.Peters:Startstospeakglan__supwherefootstepsareheardintheroomabove.Inalowvoi__.Mr.Peterssaysitlooksbadforher.Mr.Hendersonisawfulsarcasticinaspeechandhe’ll__kefunofhersayingshedidn’twakeup.彼得斯__(开始讲话,向上看去,可以听到上面__里的脚步声,以极低的声音)彼得斯先生说看起来情况对她不利亨德森先生说话就爱挖苦人,他一定会取笑她说的她没有醒来一事Mrshale:WellIguessJohnWrightdidn’twakewhentheywasslippingthatropeunderhisneck.黑尔__唉,我猜他们把绳子从他脖子下面穿过去时,约翰赖特并没有醒Mrs.Peters:Noit’sstrange.Itmusth__ebeendoneawfulcrafty熟練andstill(鎮靜).Theysayitwassucha----funnywaytokilla__nriggingitalluplikethat.彼得斯__不,这很奇怪这一切一定做得非常熟练和镇定他们说这是一种如此——可笑的杀人方式,一切就那样草草地进行了Mrs.Hale:That‘sjustwhatMr.Halesaid.Therewasaguninthehouse.Hesaysthat’swhathecan’tunderstand.黑尔__黑尔先生也正是这么说的当时,__里有一支枪他说他不明白的正是这一点Mrs.Perters:Mr.Hendersonsaidcomingoutthatwhatwasneededforthecasewasamotive;somethingtoshowangeror---suddenfeeling.彼得斯__亨德森先生说目前案件最需要的是找出动机,能表明愤怒,或——突然反感的东西Mrs.Hale:Whoisstandingbythetable.WellIdon’tseeanysignsofangeraroundhere.黑尔__(正站在桌旁)可是我没看到周围有任何发怒的迹象Sheputsherhandonthedishtowelwhichliesonthetablestandslookingdownattableonehalfofwhichiscleantheotherhalfmessy.It’swipedtohere.(她把手放在桌子上的擦碗布上,站在那里看着桌子,桌子上一半整洁,一半脏乱)桌子就擦到这儿)__kesamoveasiftofinishworkthenturnsandlooksatloafofbreadoutsidethebreadbox.Dropstowel.Inthatvoi__ofcomingbacktofamiliarthings.(开始动手好像要把活儿干完,然后转身看着面包盒外的那条面包丢下擦碗布还是那种谈论熟悉的事情的语调)Wonderhowtheyarefindingthingsupstairs.Ihopeshehaditalittlemoreti___dupthere.不知道楼上证据找得怎么样了我希望她把那里收拾得更整洁一些Youknowitseemskindofsneaking.Lockingherupintownandthencomingouthereandtryingtogetherownhousetoturnagainsther!你知道这样做似乎有点鬼鬼祟祟,把她关在城里,然后到这儿来想让她自己的房子转而与她作对Mrs.Peters:ButMrs.Halethelawisthelaw.彼得斯__可是,黑尔__,法律就是法律Mrs.Hale:Isupposeitis.Unbuttoninghercoat.BetterloosenupyourthingsMrs.Peters.Youwon’tfeelthemwhenyougoout.黑尔__我想是这样(解开外套)最好解开你的外衣,彼得斯__当你出去时你会感觉不到穿着它们Mrs.Peterstakesoffherfurtippetgoestohangitonhookatbackofroomstandslookingattheunderpartofthe__allcornertable.彼得斯__解下她的皮披肩,挂到__后面的衣钩上,站在那里看小角桌的下部)Mrs.Peters:Shewaspiecingaquilt.彼得斯__她正在拼接被子Shebringsthelargesewingbasketandtheylookatthebrightpie__s.她把大针线篮拿过来,两人看着色彩鲜明的布片)Mrs.Hale:It’slogcabinpattern.Prettyisn’titIwonderifshewasgoingtoquiltit縫上orjustknotit打成花聯結黑尔__这是小木屋图案真漂亮,是吧?不知她是打算缝上还是只是用打成花联接?Footstepsh__ebeenheardcomingdownthestairs.ThesheriffentersfollowedbyHaleandthecountyattorney.听到下楼的脚步声司法官走上,黑尔和县法官跟上)Sheriff:Theywonderifshewasgoingtoquiltitorjustknotit!Themenlaugh;thewomenlookabashed.司法官她们想知道她是打算缝上还是只是用打成花联接男人们大笑,两个女人看起来有点不好意思)Countyattorney:Rubbinghishandsoverthestove.Frank’sfiredidn’tdomuchuptherediditWelllet’sgoouttothebarn庫房andgetthatclearedup.县法官(在火炉上搓着手)弗兰克生的炉火对上面没起什么作用,是吧?好了,现在咱们出去到库房,把那儿也弄清楚Themengooutside.(男人们走出屋外)Mrs.Hale:Resentfully.Idon’tknowasthere’sanythingsostrangeourtakingupourtimewithlittlethingswhilewe’rewaitingforthemtogettheeviden__.黑尔__(愤愤不平地)我们只是一边等他们找出证据,一边花点自己的时间注意些小事情Shesitsdownatthebigtable__oothingoutablockwithdecision.Idon’tseeasit’sanythingtolaughabout.她在大桌旁坐下,果断地捋平一个拼块)我看不出哪儿可笑.Mrs.Peters:Apologetically.Ofcoursethey’vegotawfulimportantthingsontheirminds.彼得斯__(抱歉地)当然,他们心里想着特别要紧的事PullsupachairandjoinsMrs.Haleatthetable.拉过一把椅子,跟黑尔__一起坐在桌旁)Mrs.Hale:Examininganotherblock.Mrs.Peterslookatthisone.Herethisistheoneshewasworkingonandlookatthesewing!Alltherestofithasbeensoni__andeven.黑尔__(仔细看着另一个拼块)彼得斯__,你看这块这儿,这是她正在缝着的那块再看看针脚!其他部分的针脚都细致平坦,Andlookatthis!It’salloverthepla__!Whyitlooksasifshedidn’tknowwhatshewasabout!再看看这儿!针脚很乱!哎,看起来她好像根本不知道自己在干什么Aftershehassaidthistheylookateachotherthenstarttoglan__backatthedoor.AfteraninstantMrs.Halehaspulledataknotandrippedthesewing.她说完后,两个女人面面相觑,然后开始回头__门过了一会儿,黑尔__扯开一个结,拆开缝好的布块)Mrs.Peters:OhwhatareyoudoingMrs.Hale彼得斯__喂,你在干什么,黑尔__?Mrs.Hale:Mildly.Justpullingoutastitchortwothat‘snotsewedverygood.Threadinganeedle.Badsewingalways__demefidgety.黑尔__(语气温和地)只是拆开一两针缝得不太好的针脚(穿好针)一见到针脚不好,我就烦躁不安Mrs.Peters:Nervously.Idon’tthinkweoughttotouchthings.彼得斯__(紧张地)我觉得我们不该动这些东西Mrs.Hale:I‘lljustfinishupthisend.Suddenlystoppingandleaningforward.Mrs.Peters黑尔__我只是把这端缝完(突然停下来向前探身)彼得斯__?Mrs.Peters:yesMrs.Hale彼得斯__什么事,黑尔__?Mrs.Hale:Whatdoyousupposeshewassonervousabout黑尔__据你看她___这么紧张?Mrs.Peters:Oh----Idon’tknow.Idon’tknowasshewasnervous.IsometimessewawfulqueerwhenI‘mjusttired.彼得斯__这个,——我不知道我不知道她是不是紧张有时我累了也缝得很糟Mrs.HalestartstosaysomethinglooksatMrs.Petersthengoesonsewing.黑尔__开口说了句什么,看着彼得斯__然后继续缝)WellImustgetthesethingswrappedup.They__ybethroughsoonerthanwethink.噢,我得把这些衣服包起来他们干得可能比我们想的要快Puttingapronandotherthingstogether.IwonderwhereIcanfindapie__ofpaperandstring.不知哪儿能找到一张纸和一根绳子Mrs.Hale:Inthatcupboard__ybe.黑尔__食品柜里可能有Mrs.Peters:lookingincupboard.Whyhere‘sabirdcage.彼得斯__(向食品柜里张望)咦,这儿有一只鸟笼Holdsitup.Didsheh__eabirdMrs.Hale拿起鸟笼)她养鸟吗,黑尔__?Mrs.Hale:WhyIdon’tknowwhethershedidornot---I‘venotbeenhereforsolong.Therewasa__naroundlastyearsellingcanariescheapbutIdon’tknowasshetookone;__ybeshedid.Sheusetosingrealprettyherself.黑尔__我不知道她养不养鸟——我好久没到这儿来了去年附近有个男人卖金丝雀,挺便宜,可我不知道她买了没买;也许她买了一只她自己过去歌唱得就非常好听Mrs.Peters:Glancingaround.Seemsfunnytothinkofabirdhere.Butshemusth__ehadoneorwhywouldsheh__eacageIwonderwhathappenedtoit.彼得斯__(扫视四周)想到这里有只鸟似乎有点可笑但她一定养了鸟,要不___有一只鸟笼呢?不知道这鸟出了什么事Mrs.Hale:Isuppose__ybethecatgotit.黑尔__我想也许让猫吃了Mrs.Peters:Noshedidn’th__eacat.Shegotthatfeelingsomepeopleh__eaboutcats----beingafraidofthem.Mycatgotinherroomandshewasrealupsetandaskedmetotakeitout.彼得所__不会,她没养猫她对猫的感觉跟有些人一样,——感到害怕我的猫进了她的__,她特别慌乱,让我把它弄出去Mrs.Hale:MysisterBessiewaslikethat.Queer古怪ain’tit黑尔__我姐姐贝茜就是那样古怪,是不是?Mrs.Peters:Examiningthecage.Whylookatthisdoor.It’sbroke.Onehingeispulledapart.彼得斯__(仔细查看鸟笼)喂,看看这笼门,已经坏了,一个轴已经扯断了Mrs.Hale:Lookingtoo.Looksasifsomeonemusth__ebeentoughwithit.黑尔__(也看)看上去好像有人对它很粗暴Mrs.Peters:Whyyes.彼得斯__一点没错Shebringsthecageforwardandputsitonthetable.(她拿着鸟笼走上前,把它放在桌上)Mrs.Hale:Iwishifthey’regoingtofindanyeviden__they’dbeaboutit.Idon’tlikethispla__.黑尔__我希望他们要找到什么证据就赶快干我不喜欢这个地方Mrs.Peters:ButI‘mawfulgladyoucamewithmeMrs.Hale.Itwouldbelonesomeformesittingherealone.彼得斯__可你陪我来找特别高兴,黑尔__我一个人坐在这儿会感到孤独Mrs.Hale:Itwouldwouldn’titDroppinghersewing.ButI____youwhatIdowishMrs.Peters.IwishIhadcomeoversometimeswhenshewashere.I----lookingaroundtheroom.----wishIhad.黑尔__我也会的,不是吗?(放下针线活)但告诉你我心里怎么想,彼得斯__我希望她在这儿时我常来几次我——(环顾室内)希望这样`Mrs.Peters:ButofcourseyouwereawfulbusyMrs.Hale-----yourhouseandyourchildren.彼得斯__可是你当然特别忙,黑尔__——你的家,你的孩子Mrs.Hale:Icould’vecome.Istayedawaybecauseitweren’tcheerful-----andthat’swhyIoughttoh__ecome.黑尔__我本来能来我没进来是因为这里令人不快——这正是___我应该过来I---I‘veneverlikedthispla__.__ybebecauseit’sdowninahollowandyoudon’tseetheroad.我——我从不喜欢这个地方也许因为它建在一块洼地上,从这看不见大路`Idon’tknowwhatitisbutit’salonesomepla__andalwayswas.IwishIhadcomeovertoseeMinnieFostersometimes.Icanseenow----Shakesherhead.我也不知道___,可这个地方令人感到寂寞,一直是这样真希望我过去常来看看明妮福斯特我现在能明白——(她摇摇头)Mrs.Peters:Wellyoumustn’treproach責備yourselfMrs.Hale.Somehowwejustdon’tseehowitiswithotherfolksuntil----somethingcomesup. 彼得斯__好了,你不该责备自己,黑尔__不知___我们就是看不到别人过得怎样,直到——出了什么事为止Mrs.Hale:Noth__ingchildren__keslesswork----butit__kesaquiethouseandWrightouttoworkalldayandnocompanywhenhedidcomein.黑尔__没有孩子就没有那么多活儿,——但会使家里冷冷清清,而且赖特整天出去干活儿,就算他回了家也没人陪她DidyouknowJohnWrightMrs.Peters你认识约翰赖特吗,彼得斯__?Mrs.Peters:Nottoknowhim;I‘veseenhimintown.Theysayhewasagood__n.彼得斯__不太认识我在城里见过他,人家说他人不错`Mrs.Hale:yes---good;hedidn’tdrinkandkepthiswordaswellasmostIguessandpaidhisdebts.黑尔__是的——不错他不喝酒,信守诺言,我想这同大多数人一样,而且他还从不拖延还账`buthewasahard__nMrs.Peters.Justtopassthetimeofdaywithhim----shivers.Likearawwindthatgetstothebone.可他是个冷酷的人,彼得斯__想想每天跟他一起过日子,——(一阵战栗)就像一阵阴冷的风侵袭入骨Pauseshereyefallingonthecage.Ishouldthinkshewouldh__ewantedabird.Butwhatdoyousupposewentwithit停下话,眼光落在鸟笼上)我想她会要一只鸟的,可是你想这只鸟会怎么样?Mrs.Peters:Idon’tknowunlessitgotsickand___d.彼得斯__我不知道,要么生病死掉了Shereachesoverandswingsthebrokendoorswingsitagain.Bothwomenwatchit.她伸手拨弄了一下断裂的笼门,又拨了一下,两个女人一起注视着Mrs.Hale:Youweren’traisedroundherewereyouMrs.Petersshakesherhead.Youdidn’tknow----her黑尔__你不是在这儿附近长大的,对吗?(彼得斯__摇摇头)你不认识——她?Mrs.Peters:Nottilltheybroughtheryesterday.彼得斯__直到昨天他们把她带来才认识Mrs.Hale:She----cometothinkofitshewaskindoflikeabirdherself----realsweetandprettybutkindoftimid膽怯and–fluttery心神不寧.How---she---did----change.黑尔__她——想想看;她本人就有些像只鸟——的确漂亮可爱,只是有点胆怯和——心神不宁她——怎么——会——改变Silen__;thenasifstruckbyahappythoughtandrelievedtogetbacktoeverydaythings.____youwhatMrs.Peterswhydon’tyoutakethequilt棉被inwithyouitmighttakeuphermind.(沉默;接着仿佛被一种快乐的思绪所打动,变得不再忧虑,又回到现实中)听我说,彼得斯__,你把这被子也带去吧这也许能让她分分神 Mrs.Peters:WhyIthinkthat’sarealni__ideaMrs.Hale.彼得斯__啊,我觉得这真是个好主意,黑尔__`Therecouldn’tpossiblybeanyo__ectionto反對itcouldthereNowjustwhatwouldItakeIwonderifherpatches布片areinhere----andherthings.不会有人__这样做,对吗?那么我带哪些东西呢?不知她的布片在不在这里,——还有她的工具Theylookinthesewingbasket.(她们在针线篮里找)Mrs.Hale:Here’ssomered.Iexpectthishasgotsewingthingsinit.黑尔__这里有些红色布片我希望缝补工具都装在这里边Bringsoutafancybox.Whataprettybox.Lookslikesomethingsomebodywouldgiveyou.拿出一个鲜艳的盒子)多漂亮的盒子啊!简直就像别人送给你的礼物一样__ybeherscissors剪刀areinhere.Opensbox.Suddenlyputsherhandtohernose.Why也许她的剪刀在里边(打开盒子,突然用手捂住鼻子)啊----Mrs.Petersbendsnearerthenturnsherfa__away.——(彼得斯__弯腰靠近些,然后转过脸去)There‘ssomethingwrappedupinthispie__ofsilk.这块绸子里包着东西Mrs.Peters:Whythisisn’therscissors.彼得斯__哎,这不是她的剪刀`Mrs.Hale:Liftingthesilk.OhMrspeters----it’s----黑尔__(拿起那块绸子)哎呀,彼得斯__——这是——Mrs.Petersbendscloser.彼得斯__弯腰靠近了些)Mrs.Peters:It’sthebird.彼得斯__这是那只鸟Mrs.Hale:JumpingupButMrs.Peters---lookatit!itsneck!Lookatitsneck!It’sall----othersideto.黑尔__(跳了起来)可是,彼得斯__——看这儿!它的脖子!看看它的脖子!全都——扭到了那边`Mrs.Peters:somebody----wrung---its----neck.彼得斯__有人——扭断了——它的——脖子Theireyesmeet.Alookofgrowingcomprehensionofhorror.Stepsareheardoutside.Mrs.Haleslipsboxunderquiltpie__sandsinkintoherchair.EntersheriffandcountyattorneyMrs.Petersrises.两人目光相遇,看上去心里越来越明白,而且变得恐惧门外传来脚步声黑尔__把盒子塞到布片底下,坐回她的椅子里司法官和县法官走上,彼得斯__站起身)Countyattorney:Asoneturningfromseriousthingstolittlepleasantries.Wellla___sh__eyoudecidedwhethershewasgoingtoquilt縫上itorknotit打成花結县法官(就像一个人从严肃庄重的正题转入诙谐轻松的玩笑)好了,女士们,你们决定没决定她是要缝上还是要用打成花联接呢?Mrs.Peters:Wethinkshewasgoingto---knotit.彼得斯__我们认为她是要——用打成花联接Countyattorney:Wellthat’sinterestingI’msure.Seeingthebirdcage.Hasthebirdflown县法官噢,真有意思,我敢肯定(看到鸟笼)鸟飞走了吗?`Mrs.Hale:Puttingmorequiltpie__soverthebox.wethinkthe---catgotit.黑尔__(把更多的布片放在盒子上面)我们认为——猫把它吃了Countyattorney:Preoccupied.Isthereacat县法官(心事重重地)有猫吗?Mrs.Haleglan__dinaquickcovertwayatMrs.Peters.(黑尔__悄悄扫了彼得斯__一眼)`Mrs.Peters:Wellnotnow.They‘resuperstitiousyouknow.Theyle__e.彼得斯__噢,现在没有它们相信预兆,你知道,它们跑掉了Countyattorney:ToSheriffPeterscontinuinganinterruptedconversation.Nosignatallofanyoneh__ingcomefromtheoutside.Theirownrope.Nowlet’sgoupagainandgooveritpie__bypie__.县法官(对彼得斯司法官,持续中断的谈话)没有外人进入的迹象他们自己的绳子现在咱们再上楼一件一件地查一遍Theystartupstairs.Itwouldh__etoh__ebeensomeonewhoknewjustthe----(他们开始上楼)那个人可能是一个正好了解……Mrs.Peterssitsdown.Thetwowomensittherenotlookingatoneanotherbutasifpeering凝視intosomethingandatthesametimeholdingback.Whentheytalknowitisinthe__nneroffeelingtheirwayoverstrangegroundasifafraidofwhattheyaresayingbutasiftheycannothelpsayingit.彼得斯__坐下,两个女人坐着,互相不看对方,但好像正在凝视着什么,同时又在踌躇不决这时候讲话,就像在一片陌生的土地上摸索着前进,好像害怕自己所说的话,但又好象忍不住要说出来)Mrs.Hale:Shelikedthebird.Shewasgoingtoburyitinthatprettybox.黑尔__她喜欢鸟她本来打算用那个漂亮的盒子把她埋葬Mrs.Peters:Inawhisper.WhenIwasagirl----mykitten-----therewasaboytookahatchetandbeforemyeyes----andbeforeIcouldgetthere-----coversherfa__aninstant.Iftheyhadn’theldmebackIwouldh__e----catchesherselflooksupstairswherestepsareheardfaltersweakly.------hurthim.彼得斯__(低声地)我还是个孩子时,——我的小猫——有个男孩拿着短柄斧头,就在我眼前——在我赶过去之前——(把脸捂住了一会儿)如果不是他们把我拦住,我就会——(突然停住,看了一眼响着脚步声的楼上,用微弱的声音颤抖着说)——伤害他Mrs.Hale:Withaslowlookaroundher.Iwonderhowitwouldseemnevertoh__ehadanychildrenaround.Pause.NoWrightwouldn’tlikethebird-----athingthatsang.Sheusedtosing.Hekilledthattoo.黑尔__(缓缓地扫视她一眼)我想知道身边一直没有孩子会是什么样子(停一下)不,赖特不会喜欢那只鸟——一个会唱歌的东西她过去也唱歌他把那也同样扼杀了Mrs.Peters:Movinguneasily.Wedon’tknowwhokilledthebird.彼得斯__(不安地走动)我们不知道谁杀死了那只鸟Mrs.Hale:IknewJohnWright.黑尔__我了解约翰赖特Mrs.Peters:ItwasanawfulthingthatwasdoneinthishousethatnightMrs.Hale.Killinga__nwhilehesleptslippingaropearoundhisneckthatchokedthelifeoutofhim.彼得斯__那天晚上这所房子里发生的事情太可怕了,黑尔__在一个男人睡觉时把他杀死,把绳子绕在他的脖子上,让他窒息而死Mrs.Hale:Hisneck.Chokedthelifeoutofhim.黑尔__他的脖子让他窒息而死Herhandgoesoutandrestsonthebirdcage.她伸出手,放在鸟笼上)`Mrs.Peters:Withrisingvoi__.Wedon’tknowwhokilledhim.Wedon’tknow.彼得斯太太(提高嗓门)我们不知道是谁杀了他我们不知道Mrs.Hale:Herownfeelingnotinterrupted.Ifthere’dbeenyearsandyearsofnothingthenabirdtosingtoyouitwouldbeawful---still安靜afterthebirdwasstill.(安靜)黑尔太太(她的情绪没有被打断)如果许多年来平谈无奇,接着有只鸟对着你唱歌,那会很可怕——静下来,鸟安静下来之后Mrs.Peters:Somethingwithinherspeaking.Iknowwhatstillnessis.WhenwehomesteadedinDakotaandmyfirstbaby___d---afterhewastwoyearsoldandmewithnootherthen-----彼得斯太太(她的言语中有某种东西)我知道寂静是什么当我们__达科他耕荒时,我的第一个孩子死了—一那时他两岁,那时___别的孩子——Mrs.Hale:Moving.Howsoondoyousupposethey‘llbethroughlookingfortheeviden__証據黑尔太太(移了移)你觉得他们多久能找到证据?`Mrs.Peters:Iknowwhatstillnessis.Pullingherselfback.ThelawhasgottopunishcrimeMrs.Hale.彼得斯太太我知道寂静是什么(往后靠了靠)法律得惩罚罪犯,黑尔太太Mrs.Hale:Notasifansweringthat.Iwishyou’dseenMinnieFosterwhensheworeawhitedresswithblueribbonsandstoodupthereinthechoir唱詩班andsang.黑尔太太(好像并没有搭那个茬)我希望你见过明妮福斯特穿着有蓝带子的白连衣裙,站在合唱团中演唱Alookaroundtheroom.OhIwishI‘dcomeoverhereon__inawhile!Thatwasacrime!Thatwasacrime!Who’sgoingtopunishthat(环顾了一下__)唉,我希望我偶尔能来这儿一趟!那是犯罪!那是犯罪!谁来惩罚呢?Mrs.Peters:Lookingupstairs.Wemustn’t----takeon.彼得斯太太(朝楼上看)我们不需——承担下来Mrs.Hale:Imighth__eknownsheneededhelp!Iknowhowthingscanbe----forwomen.黑尔太太我本该知道她需要帮助!我知道事情是怎样的——对女人来说I____youit’squeerMrs.Peters.Weliveclosetogetherandwelivefarapart.告诉你,很奇怪,彼得斯太太我们住得很近,但又离得很远Weallgothroughthesamethings---it’salljustadifferentkindofthesamething.Brusheshereyes;noticingthebottleoffruitwasgone.____heritain’t.____herit’sallright.我们都经历同样的事——只是同一件事的不同类别(揉了揉眼睛,注意到装果酱的瓶子,伸手去拿)我要是你的话,就不告诉她果酱坏了告诉她没坏告诉她很好Takethisintoproveittoher.She---she__yneverknowwhetheritwasbrokeornot.把這个带着证明给她看她——她也许永远也不会知道它坏了没有Mrs.Peters:Takesthebottlelooksaboutforsomethingtowrapitin;takespetticoatfromtheclothesbroughtfromtheotherroomverynervouslybeginswindinghisaroundthebottle.Inafalsevoi__.彼得斯太太(拿着瓶子,找东西把它包上在从另一个__拿来的衣服里拿出衬裙,十分紧张地开始将它裹在瓶子上声音有点变调)Myit’sagoodthingthemencouldn’thearus.Wouldn’ttheyjustlaugh!Gettingallstirredup撐亂overalittlethinglikea----deadcanary.天哪,那些男人没听见我们的话是最好不过的他们会笑话我们的!让一个像一只——死金丝雀一样的小东西给搅乱了Asifthatcouldh__eanythingtodowith----with---wouldn’ttheylaugh!好像跟——跟它有关系似的——他们会笑话我们的!Themenareheardcomingdownstairs.听到男人们的下楼的声音)Mrs.Hale:Underherbreath.__ybetheywould----__ybetheywouldn’t.黑尔太太(压低声音)也许他们会——也许他们不会Countyattorney:NoPetersit’sallperfectlyclearex__ptareasonfordoingit.县检察官不,彼得斯,除了杀人的原因外,一切都非常清楚Butyouknowjurieswhenitcomestowomen.Iftherewassomedefinitething.Somethingtoshow----somethingto__keastoryabout----athingthatwouldconnectupwiththisstrangewayofdoingit-----但你知道陪审团审女人时的情形如果有什么肯定的东西能表明什么的东西——能构成一个情节的东西——能将杀人用的奇怪的方法__在一起的东西——Thewomen‘seyesmeetforaninstant.EnterMr.Halefromouterdoor.(两个女人目光对视了一会儿黑尔先生从外面的门进了来)Mrs.Hale:WellI‘vegottheteamaround.Prettycoldoutthere.黑尔先生好了,我已经把马车准备好了外面太冷了`Countyattorney:I‘mgoingtostayhereawhilebymyself.Tothesheriff.YoucansendFrankoutformecan’tyouIwanttogoovereverything.I‘mnotsatisfiedthatwecan’tdobetter.县检察官我想自己在这儿待一会儿(转向治安官)你可以让弗兰克来接我,好吗?我想再仔细检查一下每样东西我们没有什么进展,我不太满意Sheriff:DoyouwanttoseewhatMrs.Petersisgoingtotakein治安官想看看彼得斯太太要拿的东西吗?Thecountyattorneygoestothetablepicksuptheapron.laughs.县检察官走到桌前,拿起围裙,笑了)Countyattorney:OhIguessthey’renotverydangerousthingsthela___sh__epickedout.县检察官噢,我想女人们拿的东西都没什么危险Movesafewthingsaboutdisturbingthequiltpie__swhichcoverthebox.Stepsback.(拿开了几样东西,打乱了盖在盒子上的布片退了回来)NoMrs.Petersdoesn’tneedsupervising.Forthat__tterasheriff‘swifeis__rriedtothelaw.EverthinkofitthatwayMrs.Peters彼得斯太太不需要监督就这一点看,治安官他妻子嫁给法律了想过没有,彼得斯太太?Mrs.Peters:Not---justthatway.彼得斯太太没有——那样想过Sheriff:Chuckling.吃吃的笑聲__rriedtothelaw.Movestowardtheotherroom.IjustwantyoutocomeinhereaminuteGeorge.Weoughttotakealookatthesewindows.治安官(抿着嘴笑)嫁给法律了(朝另一个__走去)我想让你过来一会儿,乔治,我们应该看看这些窗户Countyattorney:Scoffingly.oh.windows!县检察官(嘲笑地)噢,窗户!Sheriff:We’llberightoutMr.Hale.治安官我们马上就出去,黑尔先生Halegoesoutside.Thesherifffollowsthecountyattorneyintotheotherroom.ThenMrs.HaleriseshandstighttogetherlookingintenselyatMrs.Peterswhoseeyes__keaslowturnfinallymeetingMrs.Hale’s.黑尔走了出去治安官跟着县检察官进了另一个__,然后黑尔太太站起身,手紧紧地握在一起,紧张地看了看彼得斯太太,彼得斯太太的眼睛缓慢转过来,最终同黑尔太太的目光相对AmomentMrs.Haleholdsherthenherowneyespointthewaytowheretheboxiscon__aled.黑尔太太注视了她一会,然后目光转向藏盒子的地方SuddenlyMrs.Petersthrowsbackquiltpie__sandtriestoputtheboxinthebagsheiswearing.itistoobig.Sheopenstheboxstartstotakebirdoutcannottouchitgoestopie__sstandstherehelpless.突然,彼得斯太太把布片扔了回去,试着将盒子放进她背包里盒子太大了她打开盒子,想把鸟拿出来,却不敢碰它,很沮丧,无助地站在那儿Soundofaknobturningintheotherroom.从另一个__里传来门把手转动的聲音Mrs.Halesnatches奪取theboxandputsitinthepocketofherbigcoat.Entercountyattorneyandsheriff.黑尔太太夺过盒子,把它放进她大衣的口袋里县检察官和治安官走进来)Countyattorney:Fa__tiously.WellHenryatleastwefoundoutthatshewasnotgoingtoquiltit.Shewasgoingto-----whatisityoucallitla___s(县检察官(开玩笑地)好了,亨利,至少我们弄清楚了她不打算被子她打算——你们叫它什么,太太们?Mrs.Hale:Herhandagainstherpocket.Wecallit–knotitMr.Henderson.黑尔太太(她的手贴着口袋)我们管它叫——打成花结连上,亨德森先生 落幕 LessonSevenA__intheHole埃斯身陷困境ByJohnUpdike]约翰厄普代克TextNosoonerdidhiscartouchtheboulevardheadinghomethanA__flickedontheradio.车子刚开上通向家的大街,埃斯便啪的一声打开收音机Heneededtheradioespeciallytoday.Inthesecondsbeforethetubeswarmeduphesaidalouddoingitjusttohearahu__nvoi__“Jesus.She’llpopherlid.“他需要收音机,特别是今天在电子管预热的几秒钟内,就是为了能听到人的声音,他大声地说,“天哪,她非炸了不可”`Hisvoi__thoughfamiliarirkedhim;itsoundedthinandscratchy.他的声音尽管熟悉,却让他感到厌烦;声音听起来尖细刺耳`InadeeperregisterA__added“She’llmurderme.“Thentheradiocameonwarmandstrongsohestoppedworrying.埃斯用低音域的声音加了一句,“她非宰了我不可”这时收音机响了,传出的声音热情有力,所以他不再担忧了`ThefiveKingsweredoing“BlueberryHill“;五王乐团正在演唱《紫浆果山》;tohearthem__deA__feelsosureinsidethatfromthepackpinchedbetweenthecarroofandthesunshieldhepluckedacigarette听到他们的演唱使埃斯感到心里十分踏实,他从塞在车顶和遮阳板中间的烟盒中抽出一根烟hungitonhislowerlipsnappeda__tchacrosstherustypla__onthedash.叼在下嘴唇上,在仪表盘的生锈处擦着一根火柴Herolleddownthewindowandsnappedthe__tchsoitspunend-over-endintothegutter.“Twopoints“hesaid他摇下车窗,将火柴弹出窗外,火柴竖转着飞进路沟里“两分,”他说,andcockedthecigarettetowardtheroofofthecarsuckedpowerfullyandexhaledtwoplumesthroughhisnostrils.将香烟翘起冲着车顶,用力地吸了一口,然后从鼻子里喷出两股烟HewasbeginningtofeellikehimselfA__Andersonforthefirsttimethatwholedayabadday.在这一整天里,这倒霉的一天里,他第一次觉得自己一切正常了,又是埃斯安德森了Hebeattimeontheac__lerator.Thecarjerkedcrazily.他用脚在加速器上打拍子汽车疯了一样一冲一冲地前进着A__decidedtostopathismother’spla__andpickupthebabyinsteadofwaitingforEveytodoit.埃斯决定先到母亲那儿接孩子,而不是等着埃维去接Hismothermusth__eseenhimdriveup.Shecameoutontheporchholdingaplasticspoonand__ellingofcake.他母亲一定是看见他的车子开过来了她走出来站在门廊前,手里拿着个塑料勺子,身上一股蛋糕的香味“You’reoutearly“shetoldhim.“你回来得很早,”她对他说“Fried__nfiredme“A__toldher.“佛里德曼把我解雇了,”埃斯告诉她“Goodforyou“hismothersaid.“Ialwayssaidhenevertreatedyouright.“shebroughtacigaretteoutofherapronpocketandtuckeditdeepintoonecornerofhermouththewayshedidwhensomethingpleasedher.“这对你很好,”他的母亲说“我一直说他对你不好”她从围裙的口袋里拿出一根烟,深深地塞在嘴角里,有什么事让她高兴时,她总是这样A__lighteditforher.“Fried__nwasO.K.personally“hesaid.”HejustWantedtoomuchforhismoney.Ididn’tmindworkingSaturdaysbutuntileleventwelveFridaynightswastoomuch.Everybodyhasarighttosomeleisure.“埃斯给她点着烟“佛里德曼本人还不错,”他说,“就是用人用得太狠周六工作我不在乎,但周五也要干到夜里十一二点就太过分了谁都有权利享受一些闲暇”“WellIdon’tdarethinkthatEveywillsaybutIforone.thankdearGodyouhadthebrainstogetoutofit.Ialwayssaidthatjobhadnofuturetoit----nofutureofanykindFreddy.“ “我不敢说埃维会怎么说,但就我而言,感谢上帝你还有头脑能够摆脱它我一直说这份工作没有前途——没有任何前途,佛雷德” “Iguess“A__admitted.“ButIwantedtokeepatitforthefamily‘ssake.““我也是这么想的,”埃斯承认,“但为了这个家,我还想继续干下去”“NowIknowIshouldn’tbesayingthisbutanytimeEvey----thisisjustbetweenus“现在,我知道我不应该说这话,但不管什么时候埃维——这事只有你我知道anytimeEveythinksshecandobetterthere’sroomforyouandBonnierightinyourfather’shouse.“不管什么时候埃维想攀什么高枝时,你父亲的家里总有你和邦尼的地方”Shepinchedherlipstogether.Hecouldalmostheartheoldladythink.ThereI’vesaidit. 她紧抿着双唇他差不多能听见老太太在想什么瞧,我说出来了“LookMomEveytriesawfullyhardandanywayyouknowshecan’tworkthatway.Notthatthat---Imeanshe’sarealisttoo….”“听我说,妈妈,埃维已经很努力了,而且你也知道她不能那样工作并不是说——我的意思是,她也是一个很现实的人……”Helettherestofthethoughtfadeashewatchedakidacrossthestreetdribblingabasketballaroundatelephonepolethathadabackboardandnetnailedonit.看见街对面一个小男孩正绕着一根钉着篮板和篮网的电线杆运球“Evey’sawonderfulgirlofherownkind.ButI‘vealwayssaidandyourfatheragreesRo__nCatholicsoughtto__rryamongthemselves.NowIknowI’vesaiditbeforebutwhentheygetoutinthegreaterworld----“ “埃维在她那类人中算是个不错的女孩不过我一直说,你父亲也同意,天主__应该跟天主__结婚我知道我以前就说过,但当他们走到天主教以外的世界时——”“NoMom.““不,妈妈”Shefrowned__oothedherselfandsaid“Yournamewasinthepapertoday.“她皱着眉头,平静了一下后,说“你的名字上今天的报纸了”A__chosetoletthatgoby.Hekeptwatchingthekidwiththebasketball.埃斯故意没有搭腔他一直在看着那个拿着篮球的男孩“Didyouhear”hismotherasked“你听到我说的话了吗?”他母亲问“Surebutsowhat”A__said.Hismother’slowerlipwascomingathimsohechangedthesu__ect.“IguessI‘lltakeBonnie.““当然,那又怎样?”埃斯说他母亲冲他撇了撇嘴,于是他换了个话题“我想把邦尼接走”Hismotherwentintothehouseandbroughtbackhisdaughterwrappedinablueblanket.他母亲走进屋内,将他的__裹在蓝毯子里抱了出来Thebabylookeddopey.“Shefussedallday“hismothercomplained.孩子看上去有点迷迷糊糊的“她闹了一天,”他母亲抱怨说,“Isaidtoyourfather‘Bonnieisadearlittlegirlbutwithoutadoubtshe’shermother‘sdaughter.Youwerethebest–naturedboy.“ “我跟你父亲说‘邦尼是个可爱的孩子,但毫无疑问她像她妈妈’你小时候最乖”“WellIhadeverything“A__saidwithanimpatien__that__dehismotherblink.“我那时什么都有,”埃斯说话时的不耐烦让他母亲直眨眼Atthedoorofhiscaritseemedstupidtohimtodrivethemeaslyhalfblockhome.在车门旁,他觉得只有半条街这点短的可怜的路还开车回家很愚蠢HisoldcoachBobBehnusedtosaynevertoridewhereyoucouldwalk.他的老教练,鲍勃本思,过去常说能走就决不要开车carswerethedeathoflegs.A__lefttheignitionkeysinhispocketandranalongthep__ementwithBonnielaughinganbouncingathischest.有了汽车腿就完蛋了埃斯将车钥匙放在口袋里,沿着马路跑起来,邦尼在他的怀里笑着,颤颤悠悠地 Therunmusth__etunedBonnieup.跑了这一会一定是让邦尼兴奋起来了Whentheygotbackhomeassoonasheloweredherintothecribshebegantoshoutandw__eherarms.当他们回到家里,他刚把她放进小床里她就大声地喊,还挥动双臂Hedidn’twanttoplaywithher.Hetossedsomeblocksandrattleintothecribandwalkedintothebathroomwhereheturnedonthehotwaterandbegantocombhishair.他不想跟她玩他把几块积木和一个拨浪鼓扔到小床上,进了浴室,他打开热水,开始梳头Heranthecombstraightbackonbothsidesofhisheadthenmussedthehairinfrontenoughforonelittlelocktodroopoverhisforehead.向后梳,然后把前面的头发稍稍弄乱,让一小缕头发垂在前额上It__dethetempleseemlowerthanitwas.Everydayhishair-linelookedhigher.Hehadobservedallaroundhimhowblondmenwentbaldfirst.他用梳子将两侧的头发这使额头显得低了一点他的发际线每天都在升高他注意到周围金发的男人总是先秃顶Herememberedreadingsomewherethoughthatbaldnessshowsvirility.不过他记得在什么地方读过说秃顶代表阳刚气概Hefoundacanofbeerintherefrigeratorbehindsomebrownishlettu__andthosehotdogsEveynevergotaroundtocooking.他在冰箱里发黄的莴苣菜和那些埃维从来也不做的热狗后边找到一罐啤酒她随时都有可能回家She‘dbehomeanytime.Theclocksaid5:
12.She‘dpopherlid.时钟显示是五点十二分她非炸锅不可A__didn’tseewhathecoulddobuttryandreasonwithher.埃斯不知道除了试着跟她讲道理以外,还能做什么“Evey“he’dsay“yououghttothankGodIgotoutofit.“埃维,”他会说,“你应该感谢上帝我终于能摆脱它Ithadnofuturetoitatall.“Hehopedshewouldn’tgettoo__dbecausewhenshewas__dhewonderedifheshouldh__e__rriedheranddoubtingthat__dehimfeelcrowded.这工作根本没有前途”他希望她不会太生气,因为她太生气时,他就会想他当初该不该娶她,而这种怀疑使他很烦闷Itwasbadenoughhismotheralwayscrowdinghim.他母亲一直向他施加压力已经够糟糕的了HehopeEveywouldn’tsayanythingthatcouldn’tbeforgotten.他希望埃维不要说什么让人无法忘记的话Whatwomendidn’tseemtorealizewasthattherewerethingsyouknewbutshouldn’tsay.女人似乎不明白有一些事情你就是知道也___出来A__balan__dthebeeronacornerwheretworailsofthecribmetandlookedunderthechairsforthemorningpaper.埃斯将啤酒在小床的两根栏杆相交处放稳,在椅子底下找到了晨报Hehadtroublefindinghisnamebecauseitwasatthebottomofacolumnonaninsidesportspageina__allarticleaboutthecountrybasketballstatistics:他好不容易才找到自己的名字,因为是在中间体育版内某一栏目的最下边,在一篇有关县篮球统计数字的小文章中“Dusty“TremwickGrosvenorPark’ssure-fingered__ntercoppedtheindividualscoringhonorswithaseason’sgrandandwedomeangrandtotalof376points.“尘土”特雷姆威克,格罗斯文诺公园队的中锋神投手以一个赛季总分376分的好成绩(确实是好成绩)荣获个人得分第一名Thisiswithineighteenpointsoftheall-timerocordof394rackedupinthe1949-1950seasonbyOlingerHigh’sFredAnderson.距1949~1950赛季中奥格林中学的佛雷德安德森所创的最高记录394分差18分A__angrilysailedthepaperintoanarmchair.NowitwasFredAnderson;itusedtobeA__.埃斯生气地将报纸扔到椅子上现在成了佛雷德安德森;以前可是埃斯(王牌)``HehatedbeingcalledFredespeciallyinprintbutthenthesportswriterswerealloffi__boysanywaysBehnusedtosay.他讨厌他们叫他佛雷德,尤其是在报纸上,不过反正那些写体育报道的都是些坐办公室的人,本恩过去常这么说A__wentintothekitchenwithoutknowingwhathewantedthere.Hewasn’thungry;hissto__chwastight.埃斯走进厨房,也不知道自己想拿什么他并不饿,他的胃有点紧Akeyscratchedatthedoorlock.A__decidedtostayinthekitchen.Letherfindhim.钥匙开门锁的声音埃斯决定就待在厨房里,让她找到他Herheelsclickedonthefloorforasteportwo;她走了一两步,鞋跟哒哒地敲在地板上thenthetelevisionsetwentoff.Bonniebegantocry.“Shutuphoney“Eveysaid.Therewasasilen__.接着电视给关上了邦尼开始哭了起来“别哭了,宝贝,”埃维说一阵寂静“I’mhome“A__called.“我在家呢!”埃斯喊道“Nokidding.IthoughtBonniegotthebeerbyherself.““我以为邦尼自己拿的啤酒呢”A__laughed.ShewasinasarcasticmoodthinkingshewasLaurenBacall.Thatwasallrightjustsoshekeptfunny.埃斯笑了她现在是挖苦人的心情,把自己当作罗林巴考尔这样很好,只要她能保持玩笑的心态Still__ilingA__easedintothelivingroomandgothitwith埃斯带着微笑走进卧室,兜头接了一连串问题“Whatareyou__irkingaboutAnotherquestion:What’stheidearunningupthestreetwithBonnielikeshewasafootball”“你傻笑什么?还有你把邦尼当成是足球似的抱着在大街上跑,到底想干什么?”“Yousawthat” “你看见了?”“Yourmothertoldme.““你母亲告诉我的”“Yousawher”“你看见她了?”“OfcourseIsawher.IdroppedbytopickupBonnie.Whatthehelldoyouthink----Ireadhertinymind”“我当然看到她了我去接邦尼你以为怎么了——我钻到她的小心眼里去吗?”“Takeiteasy“A__saidwonderingifMomhadtoldheraboutFried__n. “别着急,”埃斯说,心里琢磨着不知道母亲是否已经告诉她有关佛里德曼的事“TakeiteasyDon’tcoachme.Anotherquestion:Why‘sthecaroutinfrontofherpla__yougivethecartoher” “别着急?少教训我还有___你的车停在她的房子前?你把车给她了吗?”“瞧,我只是把车停在那里接邦尼,而且我想把车留在那儿”“Why”“___?”“WhaddeyameanwhyIjustdid.IjustthoughtI‘dwalk.It’snotthatfaryouknow.““什么___?我就是想把车留在那儿就是想走一会路又不远,你知道的”“noIdon’tknow.Ifyou‘dbeenonyourfeetalldayablockwouldlooklikeonehellofalongway.““LookIparkedittheretopickupBonnie.andIthoughtI‘dle__eitthere.““不,我不知道要是你整天都站着的话,一个街区就会显得很长”“Okay.I’msorry.““好吧对不起”ShehunguphercoatandsteppedoutofhershoesandwalkedaroundtheroompickingupthingsShestuckthenewspaperinthewastebasket. 她挂上外衣,脱了鞋子,在__里走来走去收拾东酉她把报纸塞到垃圾桶里A__said“Mynamewasinthepapertoday.“埃斯说,“今天的报纸上有我的名字”“Theyspellitright”Sheshovedthepaperdeepintothebasketwithherfoot.Therewasnodoubt;sheknewaboutFried__n.`“他们拼对了吗?”她用脚把报纸往垃圾桶里踹了踹毫无疑问,她知道佛里德曼的事“TheycalledmeFred.“ “他们叫我佛雷德”`“Isn’tthatyournameWhatisyournameanywayHeroJ.Great”“难道你不叫佛雷德吗?那你叫什么名字?英雄杰伟人吗?”`Therewasn’tanyanswersoA__didn’ttryany.Hesatdownonthesofalightedacigaretteandwaited.埃斯没有回答,他也不想回答他坐在沙发上,点着一根烟,等着EveypickedupBonnie.“Poorthingstinks.Whatdoesyourmotherdoscruboutthetoiletwithher” 埃维抱起邦尼“可怜的小东西都臭了你母亲都干了什么,用她擦厕所了吗?”“Can’tyoutakeiteasyIknowyou’retired.““你不能不这么着急吗?我知道你累了”“Youshould.I’malwaystired.“ “你应该知道我一直都很累”EveyandBonniewentintothebathroom;whentheycameoutBonniewascleanandEveywascalm.埃维和邦尼走进浴室,他们出来的时候邦尼干干净净的,埃维也平静了`EveysatdowninaneasychairbesideA__andrestedherstockingfeetonhisknees.埃维在埃斯旁边的安乐椅上坐下,将她穿着袜子的脚放在埃斯的腿上“Hitme“shesaidtwiddling_動herfingersforthecigarette.“给我一支,”她说,_动手指要香烟抽Thebabycrawledup爬toherchairandtriedtostandtoseewhatheg__eher.孩子爬到她的椅子前,想站起来看他递给她什么`LeaningoverclosetoBonnie’snoseEveygrinned__okeleakingthroughherteethandsaid“Onlyforgrownupshoney.“埃维弯腰贴近邦尼的鼻子,烟从牙缝中冒出来,笑着说“只给大人的,宝贝”`“Eve“A__began“therewasnofutureinthatjob.WorkingallSaturdayandthenFridaynightsontopofit. “埃维,”埃斯说,“这份工作没有前途每周六要工作一整天,周五晚上也要工作” “Iknow.Yourmothertoldmeallthattoo.AllIwantfromyouiswhathappened.““我知道你母亲也跟我说了这些我只是想知道到底发生了什么”Shewasgoingtotakeitlikeasportthen.Hetriedtorememberhowitdidhappen.那么,她会宽容地看待这件事了他努力去想到底是怎么回事“Itwasn’tmyfault“hesaid.“不是我的过错,”他说“Fried__ntoldmetobackthis’51Chevvyintothelinethatfa__sChurchStreet.“佛里德曼让我把那辆1951年造的雪韦车倒进教堂街对面的那排车中Hejustboughtitfromanoldguythismorningwhosaiditonlyhadthirteenthousandonit他早上刚从一个老家伙那儿买的,那人说他的车只跑过一万三千英里SoinIjumpandstartherup.Therewasaknockintheenginelikea__chinegun.于是我跳进车里打着火发动机就像机关枪一样发出爆破声IalmosttoldFried__nhe’dboughtasquirrelbutyouknowIcutthat__artstuffouteversin__Palottalaidmeoff.“他差点就对佛里德曼说他买了一个灰松鼠,但你知道自从被帕罗塔解雇以后我就再也不说俏皮话了”“Youtoldmethatstory.Whathappensinthisone” “你告诉过我这些这回又是怎么回事了?”“LookEve.Iam____ingya.Doyouwantmetogoouttoamovieorsomething’“瞧,埃维我正想告诉你呢你想让我出去看场电影或干点其他什么呢?“Suityourself.““你自己看着办吧”“SoIjumpintheChevvyandsnapitbackinlineandtherewasakindofscrapeandthump. “我跳上雪韦车,把它倒进那排车里,接着听到了一种刮蹭声和砰的一声IgetoutthelookandFried__n’srunningoverhisarmsgoinglikethis”我下了车看看,佛里德曼正向我跑过来,他的胳膊挥舞着,就像这样”“A__whirledhisownarmsandlaughed----“——埃斯挥动着胳膊大笑起来andherewasthewholebackfender防護檔ofa’49Merc__shedin.Justlookedlikesomebodytookaplaner(刨子)andsh__edoffthebulge凸出youknowthereattheback.““一辆_____产的墨丘利牌车的后挡泥板整个被刮下来了就像有人拿了刨子把鼓出的部分刨平一样,你知道,就在后部”Hetriedtoshowherwithhishands.“TheChevvythoughdidn’th__eadent.Itevengainedsomepaint.butFried__ntohearhim----Boytheycanr__ewhentheirpocket---book’shit.Hesaid“----A__laughedagain-----“nevermind.“他试图用手比划给她看“那辆雪韦却连一个小坑也没有还沾了点漆呢但听听佛里德曼怎么说——好家伙,你一碰到他们的钱包他们就像疯了一样他说”——埃斯又笑了起来——“不说了”Eveysaid“you’reproudofyourself.“埃维说,“你居然还感到很自豪”“Nolisten.I’mnothappyaboutit.Buttherewasn’tathingIcoulddo.“不,听我说我并不高兴发生了这样的事但我毫无办法Itwasn’tmydrivingatall.IlookedoverontheothersideandtherewasjusttwoorthreeinchesbetweentheChevvyandaBuick.“这不是我开车的问题我小心地看着另一边,在雪韦和别克车中间只有两三英寸的距离”Shesaid“youcouldh__elooked.“她说,“你应该先看一下”“Therejustwasn’tthespa__.Fried__nsaidstickitin;Istuckitin.““地方根本就不够佛里德曼说让我塞进去,我就塞进去了”“Butyoucouldh__elookedandmovedtheothercarsto__kemoreroom.““但你应该先看一下,把其他的车移一下,这样就可以有更多的地方了”“Iguessthatwouldh__ebeenthe__artthing.““我想这应该是个好主意”“Iguesstoo.Nowwhat” “我也这么认为现在怎么样了呢?”“Whatdoyoumean“ “你指的是什么?” “ImeannowwhatAreyougoingtogiveupGobacktothearmyYourmotherBeabasketballproWhat“我是说现在怎么样了呢?你要放弃吗?回到__上去吗?回你母亲那呢?当专业篮球运动员吗?怎么办?”“youknowI’mnottallenough.Anybodyundersix-sixtheydon’twant.““你知道我不够高他们不要身高低于六英尺六英寸的人”“IsthatsoSix–sixWellpleaselistentothisMr.Six-foot-five-and–a–half;I‘mfedup.I’mreadyasChristtoletyourun.““是这样的吗?六英尺六英寸?好吧,请听着,六英尺五英寸半先生;我受够了我像耶稣一样愿放你跑”Shestabbed戳hercigaretteintoanashtrayonthearmofthechairsohardtheashtrayjumpedtothefloor.Eveyflushedandshutup.她把烟使劲地在烟灰缸里戳,烟灰缸掉到了地板上埃维涨红了脸,不说话了WhatA__hatedmostintheirargumentswasthesesilen__safterEveyhadsaidsomethingsouglyshewantedtotakeitback.“Betteraskthepriestfirst“hemurmured.在他们争吵时,埃斯最恨的就是埃维说了特别难听的话,自己都想收回来时的沉默“最好先问一下神父,”他低声说Shesatrightup.“Ifthere’sonethingIdon’twanttohearaboutfromyouit’spriests.Youle__etheprieststome.youdon’tknowadamnthingaboutit.Notadamnthing.“什麼也不懂她噌地坐直身子“如果有什么我不愿从你的口中听到的话,那就是神父你把神父的事交给我你根本什么也不懂一点也不懂”“HeylookatBonnie“Hesaidtryingto__keafreshstartwithhistone.“嗨,瞧瞧邦尼,”他说,试图用他的语气重新这次谈话Eveydidn’thearhim.“Ifyouthink“shewenton“ifforonerottenmomentyouthinkMr.Fredthatthebe-allofmylifeisyouandyourhot–shotstunts----“埃维没有听他的“如果你认为,”她继续说,“如果有那么该死的一小会儿,佛雷德先生你认为我的一生头等惟一重要的事情是你和你摆谱那两下子的话——”“LookMother“A__pleaded懇求pointingatBonnie.Thebabyhadpickeduptheashtrayandputitonherheadforahatandwaswaitingforpraise.“看看,孩子他妈,”埃斯指着邦尼,恳求道孩子把烟灰缸捡起来,放在头上当帽子,正等着表扬她呢Eveyglan__ddownsharplyatthechild.“Cute“Shesaid.“Cuteasherdaddy.“埃维严厉地扫了孩子一眼“不错,”她说,“就像你爸爸一样聪明”TheashtrayslidfromBonnie’sheadandshepattedwhereithadbeenandlookedaroundpuzzled.烟灰缸从邦尼的头上滑下来,她拍拍头上原来放烟灰缸的地方,迷惑地四下张望 “Yeahbutwatch“A__said.“Watchherhands.They’rereallyterrifichands.““哎,看哪,”埃斯说,“看她的手真是双了不起的手”“You’renuts”Eveysaid.“ “你是个疯子”埃维说“Nohonest.Bonnie’sgreat.She’sanatural“A__said“anditwon’tdoheranygoodbecauseshe’sagirl.Babywegottoh__eaboy.““不,真的邦尼很了不起她是个天生的篮球手,”埃斯说,“但这不会对她有什么好处因为她是个女孩宝贝,我们得生个男孩”“I’mnotyourbaby“Eveysaidclosinghereyes.“我不是你的宝贝,”埃维闭着眼睛说`Saying“Baby“overandoveragainA__backeduptotheradioandwithoutturningaroundswitchedonthevolumeknob.埃斯口中不停地叫着“宝贝”,他退到收音机前,没有转身就打开了音量的旋钮InthemomentbeforethetubeswarmedupEveyhadtiemtosay“WiseupFreddy.Whatshallwedo“在电子管预热前一会,埃维还赶得及说,“明白点事吧,佛雷德我们以后该怎么办?”Theradiocameinonsomethingslow:dinnermusic.A__pickedBonnieupandsetherinthecrib.“Shallwedan__“heaskedhiswifebowing. 收音机里传来缓慢的曲子伴餐音乐埃斯抱起邦尼把她放在小床里“我们跳支舞好吗?”他鞠着躬对妻子说“Iwanttotalk.“ “我想谈话” “Baby.It’sthecocktailhour.““宝贝现在是喝鸡尾酒的时间”“Thisisgettingusnopla__“Shesaidrisingfromherchairthough.“这并不能解决我们的问题,”她说,不过还是从椅子上站起来“FredJunior.Icanseehimnow“hesaidseeingnothing.“小佛雷德我现在能看见他了,”他说着,其实他什么也没看见“Wewillh__enoJuniors.“ “我们不会有小孩的”InhercribBonniewhimperedatthesightofhermotherbeingseized.在她的小床里,邦尼看见妈妈被抓住就呜呜地哭了A__fittedhishandintothenaturalpla__onEvey’sbackandsheshuffledstifflyintohislead.埃斯将手放在埃维背上该放的地方,埃维僵硬地脚拖着地跟他跳着舞Whenwithasuddeninjectionofsaxophonesthetempoquickenedhespunheroutcarefullykeepingthebeatwithhisshoulders.当音乐中突然加入了萨克斯管,节奏变快时,他小心地将她旋转起来,耸动着双肩打着拍子Herhairbrushedhislipsasshemin__dinthenswungawaytotheendofhisarm;当她碎步跟进时,她的头发轻拂着他的嘴唇,然后他伸直了胳膊,她又转开了hecouldfeelhertoesdigintothecarpet.他可以感到她的脚趾头深深地跨进地毯里Heflippedhisownhairbackfromhiseyes.他将挡在眼睛前面的头发拂开Themusicatethroughhisskinandmixedwiththenervesand__allveins;音乐渗进了他的皮肤里,和他的神经及细小的血管溶为一体;heseemedtobegreatagainandalltheotherkidswerearoundtheminaringclappingtime. 他似乎又变得伟大了,其他所有的孩子都在他们身边围成了一个圈,和着拍子鼓掌
1、sooner...thanpara.1一……就,刚……便〔同〕hardly……whenscar__ly…whene.g.Thebellhadnosoonerrangthanthestudentsquieteddown.__一响,学生们便安静下来注意nosooner置于句首时,主谓倒装,than导的从句仍为正常语序该句型中的主句通常用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时e.g.Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhebegantocomplain.他一到就开始抱怨
2、feellikeoneselfpara.1觉得身体情况正常e.g.Afteraresthefeltlikehimself.休息一下后,他感觉一切正常
3、keepatpara.8坚持(做),使不停地(做)e.g.Hewillkeepatthejobbeforehecanfindabetterone.找到一个更好的工作之前他坚持干这份工作
4、tosspara.20扔,抛,掷toss和throw意思是一样,只是一般说tossacoin而不说throwacoin表示“掷钱币猜其落地时是正面还是反面(以决定某事)”
5、layoffpara.56解雇e.g.Thatcompanylaidoffapartofitsworkmen.那家公司把一部分工人解雇了另外该词组还有“休息”的意思e.g.Letslayoffforafewminutes.让我们休息几分钟吧
6、feeduppara.71使极其厌烦e.g.Hefedmeupwithhischatter.他喋喋不休,使我厌烦极了注意该词组常以befedupwith形式出现,与beverytiredofbeboredwith同义e.g.Imfedupwithwaitingforhim.我等他等得烦死了
7、atthesightofpara.90一见到……,看见……e.g.
①Hefeltsickatsightofblood.他一看见血就觉得恶心.
②Atthesightofthepoli__offi__rthemenranoff.那些人一看见警官就跑开了LessonEightScien__HasSpoiledMySupper科学毁了我的晚餐ByPhilipWylie菲利浦怀利IamafanforScien__.MyeducationisscientificandIh__einonefieldcontributedamonographtoascientificjournal.我是个科学迷我是学科学的,曾为一份科学刊物写过某个领域的一篇专题文章Scien__tomymindisappliedhonestytheonereliablemeansweh__etofindouttruth.在我看来,科学需运用诚实,是我们发现真理的唯一可靠的手段Thatiswhywhenerroriscommittedinthenameofscien__Ifeelthewaya__nwouldifhisf__oriteunclehadtakentodrink.因此在以科学的名义做错事时,我的感觉就像一个人最喜欢的叔叔染上酒瘾后的心情一样OvertheyearsIh__ecometofeelthatwayaboutwhatscien__hasdonetofood.多年以来,我感觉到科学给食品带来这样的影响IagreethatAmericacansetasgoodatableasanynationintheworld.我承认美国能提供和世界上任何国家同样丰盛的宴席Iagreethatourfoodisnutritious有營養成分andthatthe___tofmostofusiswell-balan__d.承认我们的食物富有营养,我们多数人的饮食中营养均衡WhatAmericaeatsishandsomelypackaged;itisusuallycleanandpure;itisex__llentlypreserved.我美国人吃的东西包装考究,一般都清洁纯净,保存很好Theonlytroublewithitisthis;yearbyyearitgrowslessgoodtoeat.Itappealsincreasinglytotheeye.Butwhoeatswithhiseyes唯一的问题是,食品的味道一年比一年差但它对眼睛的吸引力越来越大但是谁会用眼睛来吃东西呢?AlmosteverythingusedtotastebetterwhenIwasakid.我小的时候差不多什么东西都比现在好吃ForquitealongtimeIthoughtthatobservationwasmerelyanotherindexofadvancingage.在相当长的一段时期内我以为自己这种感觉只不过是表明自己岁数愈来愈大的又一标志ButsomeyearsagoI__rriedagirlwhosemotherisanexpertcookofthekindcalled“old–fashioned“.但几年前我和一个女孩结了婚,她的母亲是被称为“老式”烹任的高手,Thisgiftedwo__n’sdaughtermywifewastaughthermother’svenerableskills.这位能干女人的__(我的妻子)学会了她母亲的古老的手艺Shestillbuysdairyproductsfromthenei___orsandinsofaraspossiblesheusesthesame__terialshermotherandgrandmotherdid---topreparemealsthataresuperior.她仍从街坊四邻那儿__奶制品,而且尽可能地用她母亲和祖母用的材料,准备出上等的美食佳肴TheyarejustasgoodasIrecallthemfrommycourtship.它们的味道也和我回忆中当年追求她时一样好Aftereatingfroawhileatthetableofmymother-in-lawitissadtogobacktoeatingwithmyfriends----eventhealleged所謂的“goodcooks“amongthem.在我岳母家的餐桌上吃了一会儿以后,回过头去和朋友们一起吃饭就太可悲了,即使他们中有被称作是“好厨子”的Anditisagruesomeexperien__toh__emealsatthebestbig-cityrestaurants.而在大城市最好的餐馆里吃饭则令人作呕Takecheeseforinstan__.Hereandthereinbigcities__allstoresanddelicatessensspecializeincheese.以奶酪为例在大城市到处都有一些小店和熟食店专营奶酪Atsuchpla__sonecanbuyatleastsomeofthefirst–ratecheesesthatweusedtoeat在这些地方,至少还能买到过去吃过的一些最好的奶酪---suchasthosewehadwithpieand__caroni通心粉.比如我们在吃馅饼和通心粉时吃的奶酪Thelatterweresharpbutnottoosharp.Theywerealittlecrumbly.易碎的后一种味道重但又不过重,有点易碎WecalledthemAmericancheeses;actuallytheywereCheddars.我们把它们称作美国奶酪,其实就是切达奶酪Longagothischeesebegantobesupplanted替代bya__terialcalled“cheesefoods“.很久以前,这种奶酪开始被一种叫做“奶酪食品”的东西所代替Somecheesefoodsarefairlyedible;butnoonecomeswithinmilesoftheoldkind---forfl__or味道.有些奶酪食品是可以吃的,但是在味道上没有一种能和原来的奶酪相比Agro__rusedtobeveryfussy挑剔abouthischeese.过去食品杂货商对自己出售的奶酪很挑剔Cheddarwas__deandsoldbyhundredsoflittlefactories.切达奶酪是由成百的小工厂生产和销售的,Representativesofthefactorieshadparticularcustomersandcheesewaspreparedbyhandtosuitthegro__rswhoknewpreciselywhattheirpatronswanted.工厂的营销人员有各自的客户奶酪都是按食品商的要求手工制造的,他们清楚地知道自己的老主顾想要什么样的奶酪Somelikedthemsharper;somelikedthemyellower;somelikedaniseseedincheese大茴香orcaraway.芷茴香有的喜欢味道重一些,有的喜欢颜色黄一些,有的喜欢在奶酪里加或芷茴香WhathappenedScien__----orwhatiscalledsci__n__---steppedin.后来怎么样了呢?科学或所谓的科学一一插手进来Theold–fashionedcheesedidn’tshipwellenough.老式的奶酪不易运输Theycrumbledbecamemoldydriedout.它们易碎、发霉、变干“Scientific__rketing“thentookeffect.Itsmottois:”Givethepeopletheleastqualitythey’llstandfor.于是,“科学销售”’便开始生效了,其座右铭是“给人们能够承受的最低质量的东西”“Infoodasin__nyotherthingsthe“Scientific__rketers“regardqualityassecondaryaslongastheycansellmostpersonsanyhow.同在许多事情上一样,食品的“科学销售者”只要能设法让多数人买他们的东西,质量对他们来说就是次要的东西Itisnotpossibleto__ketheverybestcheeseinvastquantitiesatalow__eragecost.要在平均成本低的情况下大量生产出最上等的奶酪是不可能的“Scientificsamplings“科學取樣gotinitsstatisticallynastywork.“科学抽样”做了令人讨厌的统计工作,Itwasfoundthatthelargestnumberofpeoplewillbuysomethingthatisbland平淡的andrathertasteless.结果发现大多数人都会买平淡的没什么味道的东西Thosewhopreferaproductofapronoun__dandindividualisticfl__or明顯獨特風味產品h__eavarietyofpreferen__s(各種不同的愛好).Nobodyisaltogetherpleasedbyblandfoodstuffinotherwords;butnobodyisveryviolentlyputoff.那些喜欢有明显独特风味产品的人有各种不同的爱好,也就是说,没有人会完全喜欢平淡无味的食物,但也没有人会厌恶到不去买的地步Theresultsisthata“reason“hasbeenfoundforturningoutzillionsofpackagesofsomethingthatwill“do“fornearlyallandisn’teveni__ginedtobesuperlativelygoodbyasinglesoul.其结果是得出一个“理由”,去生产出大量的包装食品这些食品几乎所有的人都能“凑合着用”,但是不会有人认为它们是特别好的东西Economicsentered.Itispossibletoturnoutinquantityabland無味的impersonal(沒有特色的)practicallyimperishablesubstan__moreorlessresembling(幾乎是永遠不會腐亂的)saycheese---atlowercostthancheese.经济学起作用了用低于生产奶酪的成本生产出大量淡而无味的,没有特色的,几乎是永远不会腐烂的,或多或少像奶酪的物质,这是可能的Chaingro__riesshutouttheindependentstoresand“standardization“becameaprincipalmeansofcuttingcost.连锁食品杂货店挤垮了__经营的商店,“标准化”变成了降低成本的主要手段Imitations仿造品alsocameintothecheesebusiness.仿造品也进入了奶酪经营ThereareAmericanduplicationsofmostofthe__lebratedEuropeancheeses__ssprodu__dandcheaperbyfarthantheimports.多数享有盛誉的欧洲奶酪都有美国造的仿制品,是大批量生产出来的,比进口的便宜得多TheywouldcauseEuropeanfood–loverstogag惡心0andguffaw哄笑---butgenerallytheimitationsareallthat’s__ailableinthesuper__rkets.peoplebuythemandeatthem.这些东西会使欧洲的美食家们恶心或哄笑——但一般说来,仿制品在__随处可见人们__并食用这些东西ForyearsIcouldn’t’figureoutwhathadhappenedtovegetables.Iknewofcoursethatmostvegetablestobeenjoyedintheirfulldeliciousnessmustbepickedfreshandcookedaton__.多年来,我搞不明白蔬菜的问题出在哪儿我当然知道,大多数蔬菜如要吃起来味道好,必须在新摘的,并立即烹调Iknewthatvegetablescannotbeovercookedandre__inevenedibleinthebestsense.Theycannotstandonthestove.我知道蔬菜煮过了头就不可能好吃,蔬菜不能煮得时间过长Thatsetoffacts__kesitimpossibleofcourseforanyAmericanrestaurant----orindeedanycity-dweller城市居民separatedfromsupplybymorethanafewhours---toh__ede__nt象樣的freshvegetables.theParisians__nagebygettingtheirvegetablespicketatdawnandrushedinfarmers’cartsto__rketwherenomiddleor__rket__ndelaysprodu__onitswaytothepot.当然,美国任何一家餐馆——或者任何一个超过几小时得不到蔬菜供应的城市居民——都不可能弄到象样的新鲜蔬菜巴黎人解决这个问题的办法是在天亮时摘好蔬菜,然后农民用车运到市场上去,农产品进入餐锅这一过程没有中间商或营销商Ourvegetableshowevercometousthroughalongchainofcom__nd.然而,我们的蔬菜是经过一个长长的控制环节才供应到我们手中Therearemerchantsofseveralsorts-----wholesalers批發商beforetheretailers零售商commissionmen代理商andsoon----withtheresultthatwhatwereon__edibleproductsbecomeintransitmerewiltedle__esandwitheredtubers.有好几种商人一一先是__商,接着是零售商,代理商等等结果,一度是可食用的农产品在运输过程中变成了一堆干枯的叶子和干瘪的块茎Homesandrestaurantsdowhattheycanwiththisstuff----whichmymother---in---lawwoulddiscardonthespot.家庭和饭馆尽其所能利用这些东西——我的岳母会当场把它们扔掉Ih__elongthoughtthatthefamedblindfoldtestforcigarettesshouldbeappliedtocityvegetables.我早就想到,那出了名的蒙上眼睛品测香烟的做法也该应用到城市蔬菜上来ForIamsurethatifyoupureedthemblindfoldedyoucouldn’ttee分辯thebeansfromthepeastheturnipsfromthesquash南瓜.因为我确信如果蒙上眼睛品尝蔬菜浓汁,你分辨不出是菜豆还是豌豆,萝卜还是南瓜ItisonlylatelythatIh__efoundhowmuchscien__ofgenetics遺傳isinvolved.只是在最近一段时间我才发现遗传科学在这里起了多大的作用Agronomistsandthelikeh__etakentobreedingallsortsofvegetablesandfruits----changingtheiroriginalnature.农学家之类的人物搞起了各种蔬菜和水果的培育一一改变它们原有的特性Thissoundswonderfulandoftenisinsane.Forthescientistsh__enotasaruletakenanyinterestwhatsoeverinthetasteofthethingsthey’vetamperedwith!这听起来妙不可言而常常是极其愚蠢的因为通常这些科学家在鼓捣这些东西的时候对它们的味道会变得如何丝毫不感兴趣Whattheyh__edoneistodevelop“improved“strainsofthingsforeverypurposebuteating.他们为了各种目的培育“改良”品种,却不考虑吃Theyworkoutsaypeasthatwillripenallaton__.例如,他们搞出了成熟快的豌豆品种,Thefarmerscanthenharvesthispeasandthreshthemandbedonewiththem.这样农民使可以收获,脱粒,然后就完事了Itisextremelyprofitablebecauseitisefficient.What__ttersifsuchpeastastelikeboiledpaperwads由于效率高,这种做法极其有利可图至于这种豌豆吃起来像煮纸团,又有什么关系呢?Geneticistsh__egonecrazyoversuch“opportunities“.They‘vedevelopedstringbeansthatarestraightinsteadofcurvedandallonelength.遗传学家对于这一类的“机会”简直着了迷,培育出直的而不是弯的菜豆,而且全都一样长This__kesthemeasiertopackincansevenifwheneatingthemyoucan’t____themfromtenderstring.这样做起罐头来容易,哪怕吃的时候你分不出吃的是菜豆还是嫩菜筋.Ripeningtimeandidentityofsizeandshapearenowadaysmoreimportantincarrotsthanthefactthattheytastelikecarrots.现在胡萝卜的成熟时间和大小形状一样比吃起来有胡萝卜味这一事实更为重要Theyareproducingonionsthatonlyvaguelyremindyouofonions.他们生产的洋葱只能使你模模糊糊地有那么一点感到像洋葱Wearegettingsomevarietiesinfactthath__elessfl__orthanthewaterofflastweek’sleeks.事实上,现在有些品种的洋葱还不如放了一星期的韭菜汁水味道足Yetifpeopledon’teatonionsbecausetheytastelikeonionswhatdotheyeatthemfor如果人们吃洋葱不是因为它们有洋葱的味道,那么人们究竟___要吃洋葱呢?Thewomen’s__gazinesareaboutonethirddedicated專注於toclothesonethirdtomildcommenton___andtheotherthirdtorecipes菜譜andpicturesofhandsomesaladsdessertsand__incourses.妇女__大约1/3的篇幅是关于衣着的,l/3是对两性关系的温和评论,另外的l/3则是菜谱和美观的沙拉,甜食和主菜的__“Institutes“existtoexperimentand____housewiveshowtocookattractivemealsandhowtoturnleftoversintoworksofart.有“训练班”专门试验,教给主妇们如何烹制一餐好看的食物,如何把剩菜变成艺术品Thefoodthuspicturedlookslikefamouspaintingsofstilllife.Theonlytroubleisit’stasteless.这样,拍成照片的食物看上去就像一幅著名的静物画唯一不尽人意的问题是吃起来没有味道Iwonderifthisblandnessofour___tdoesn’texplainwhyso__nyofusareoverweightandevendangerouslyso.我在想不知道我们饮食的这种淡而无味的状况,是不是造成我们之中这么多人过于肥胖的原因,有的甚至胖到了危险的程度`Whenthingshadfl__orweknewwhatwewereeatingallthewhile----anditsatisfiedus.当食物有滋味的时候,我们从头到尾都知道自己吃的是什么,从中得到满足Ateaspoonfulofmymother-in-law‘swildstrawberryjamwillentirelysatisfyyourjamdesire.尝一茶匙我岳母做的草萄酱就能完全满足你的果酱欲Butofthe__eragetinnedorglasspackedstrawberryjamyouneedhalfacupfultogettheideaofwhatyou’reeating.但是一般的罐头或瓶装草毒酱你得吃上半茶杯才知道自己吃的是什么Thatthoughtisworthyofgenuinescientificinvestigation.上述的那种想法是值得去进行真正的科学研究Itismerelyahypothesissofarandmyown.迄今为止,这仅仅是一种假设而且是我个人的假设`Butpeopleh__ebeeneatingaccordingtofl__orforupwardsofabillionyears.但是人们已经根据滋味来吃东西吃了十亿年以上了Theneedtosatisfythesenseoftaste__ybeinnateandimportant.满足味觉的需要很可能是人天生的重要需求Whenfoodhasthefl__oroflibrarypasteit__ybetheinstinctof__nkindtogooneatingintheunconscioushopeoffinallysatisfyingthefrustratedtastebuds.当食物吃起来像图书馆里的浆糊,也许人类的本能会使他不断地吃下去,不知不觉地希望最终能满足灰心失望的味蕾的渴望Inthedayswhengood–tastingfoodwastheruleinAmericanhomeobesity肥胖wasn’tsuchanationalcurse.在美国家庭食物还是好味道的时候,肥胖症并没有成为这样的全国性的灾难Itishowever“deep-freezing“thathasreallyrungdownthecurtainonAmericancookery.然而真正敲响美国烹调丧钟的还是“低温冷藏”Nothingisimprovedbythepro__ss.Ih__eyettotasteadeep-frozenvictual食品thatmeasuresupinfl__ortothefreshunfrostedoriginal.这一过程并没有使任何东西有所改进我还从来没尝到过任何经过低温冷藏的食物在味道上能达到新鲜未冻过的同样食物的水平Andmostfoodscookedoruncookedaredestroyedinthedeepfreezeforallpeopleofsenseansensibility.大多数的食物无论是生是熟,对所有具有理性和感觉的人来说经过低温冷藏后就全完了VegetableswithcrispandcrackingtextureemergeasmushslipperyandstringyashairnetssimmeredinVaseline.Theessentialoilsthat__kepeaspeas---andcabbagecabbage----mustundergofissionandfusioninfreezers.Anyhowtheyvanish.Somemeatsturntoleather.Otherstowoodpulp.质地爽脆的蔬菜出来后就像在凡士林中炖过的发网一样粘糊糊,滑溜溜,筋拉拉的使豌豆成其为豌豆——甘蓝成为甘蓝——的精油在低温冷藏箱中一定经过裂变与聚变总之,它们消失了有些肉类变成了皮革,另一些则成了木纸浆Ofcourseallthisscientific“foodhandling“食品處理tendstos__emoney.当然,所有这一切科学的“食品处理”有助于省钱It__rtainlypreservesfoodlonger.Itredu__sworkathome.它当然使食品可以保存更长的时间,减少了家中的家务Butthesefactsandespeciallythelastimplythatthefirstpurposeoflivingisto__oidwork----athomeanyhow.但是这些事实,尤其是最后一条,意味着生活的第一目的就是避免干活,至少是避免在家里干活Withoutthinkingweare__kinganimportantconfession自白aboutourselvesasanation.我们作为一个民族不假思索地做出了一个重要的自白Weareabandoningquality---eventosomeextentthequalityofpeople.我们抛弃了质量——甚至在某种程度上抛弃了人应有的质量The“best“isbecomingtoogoodforus.我们没有资格享有“最好”的东西Wearesuckling哺乳ourselveson__chine-__demediocrity平庸的東西.Itisbadforoursoulsourmindsandourdigestion(消化).我们靠机器制造出来的平庸的东西哺育自己,这对我们的灵魂,我们的头脑和我们的消化都是不好的Itisthewayourwiserandcalmerforebears祖先fednotpeoplebuthogs;asmuchaspossibleandasfastaspossiblewithnostandardofquality.这是我们较为聪明的,较为冷静的先人用来喂猪而不是喂人的方法越多越好而且越快越好,根本没有质量的标准TheGer__nssay“__niswhatheeats.“德国人说“人由其所吃食物定优劣”如果这话是真的,那么美国人就快要变成一群毫无特点的平庸之辈了Andifweapplytootherattributesthecriteriawewouldnotwantbrightchildrenanymore;we’dmerelywantthemtolookbright---andgetthroughschoolfast.如果我们以近来用在饮食上的标准来衡量人的其他品质,就会是这个结果我们不再要聪明的孩子了,我们只要他们看上去聪明就行了——而且能快速完成学业Wewouldn’tbeinterestedinbeautifulwomen----justagoodpaintjob.我们不会对美貌女子感兴趣了,只要涂抹得好就行了Andwe‘dbeopposedtothemostpreciousqualityof__n:hisindividualityhisdifferentnessfromthemob.而且我们会__人最宝贵的品质人的个性,他与芸芸众生的区别Therearesomepeople----sociologistsandpsychologistsamongthem----whosaythatisexactlywhatweAmericansaredoingarebecoming.有一些人一一包括社会学家与心理学家——说这就是我们美国人正在干的事,正在改变的样子__ss__ntheysayisontheincrease.他们说群体型人越来越多了Conformitystandardizationsimilarity----allonacheapandvulgarlevel----arereplacingthegreatAmericanideasofcolorfullibertyanddignifiedindividuali__.顺从适应,标准统一,相似相仿一一全按低劣庸俗的本平——正在取代美国人具有的多彩的自由与高贵的个性的伟大观念Ifthisissothepro__ss__ywellbeginlikemosthu__nbeh__iorinthehome----inthosehomeswhereagoodmealhasbeenrepla__dbysomething–to–eat-in–a–hurry.如果真是这样,那么这一过程和多数人类行为一样很可能从家庭中开始,在那些家庭里,像样的膳食被速食所取代;Bysomethingnotverygoodtoeatpreparedbyamotherwithoutverymuchtodoforafamilythatdoesn’tfeelitamountstomuchanyhow.被没有多少事情可做的母亲为家里准备的不怎么可口的东西所取代,家里人觉得这并不是什么要紧的事Icallhereforrebellion.在此,我号召起来反抗LessonNineI’llNeverEscapetheGhetto我永不脱离黑人区ByStanleySanders斯坦利桑德斯IwasbornraisedandgraduatedfromhighschoolinWatts.Myper__nentLosAngeleshomeaddressisinWatts.我出生在瓦茨,在那儿长大,读到中学毕业我在洛杉矾的家永久地址是瓦茨MyfatherabrotherandsisterstillliveinWatts.我的父亲和一个弟弟、一个妹妹仍住在瓦茨`Byordinary通常standardsthesearecredentialsenoughtoqualifyoneascomingfromWatts.按通常标准来说这些足以证明一个人是瓦茨人了Butthereismoretoitthanthat.IleftWatts.AfterIwasgraduatedfromthelocalhighschoolIwentawaytocollege.但是事情没有这么简单我离开了瓦茨我在当地中学毕业后离家去上大学AcollegeventureinWattstermsisafatefulact在瓦茨人心目中,上大学是件有关命运的冒险行为Therearenoretractions退路orfuturedeliveran__解脫没有退路,也没有未来的解脱Wattslikeotherblackghettosacrossthecountryisforambitiousyouthsatransientstatus.暫留之地像全国各地的黑人区一样,对充满雄抱负的年青人来说,瓦茨只是个暂留之地On__theyh__eleftthereisnoreturning.他们一旦离开便不再回来Inthissensemycredentials証明areunsatisfactory.从这个意义上说,我的那些证明不能令人满意TosomepeopleIamnotfromWatts.Icanneverbe.在一些人心目中我不是瓦茨人我永远也不可能是瓦茨人TheWatts-as-a-way-stationmentality心態hasafirmholdonboththosewhore__inandthosewhole__e.把瓦茨视为中转站的心态在留下的及离去的人身上都有牢固的影响Suchasitistheghetto猶太區isregardedasnopla__to__keacareerforthosewhoh__eafuture在这种情况下,人们认为黑人区不是有前途的人成就一番事业的地方.Withoutex__ption毫無例外theprimeAmericanvaluesunderscorethenotion.美国的基本价值观念也毫无例外地强调了这个看法Negroesinsideitoroutandwhitestoobeh__etowardtheghettoliketr__elers.黑人区内外的黑人以及白人就像游客一样把黑人区当做旅途上的暂留之处Accordingly因此Iwasconsideredoneoftheluckyones因此,我被看做是个幸运儿Myscholarshiptocollegewasaticket.Peopledidnotexpectmetoreturn.我上大学靠的是奖学金,人们并不指望我会回来UnderstandingthisIcanunderstandthepuzzlementinthemindsofthoseinWattswhenIwashomelastsummerworkinginthelocalpovertyprogram了解了这一点,我就能明白去年夏天我回到瓦茨,在当地救贫活动中工作时,瓦茨人心中的困惑了Rumors流言spreadquicklythatIwasaFBIagent.IwassuspectbecauseIwasnotsupposedtoreturned.流言很快传开,说我是联邦调查局的人我遭到怀疑,因为没人想到会回去SomepeoplesaidIwaseitherafederalagentorafoolfornoreasonable__ntheysaidreturnstoWattsbychoi__.有人说我不是个密探就是个傻瓜,因为他们说没有一个有理性的人会自愿回到瓦茨来OutsideofWattsreportsstatedthatIhad“givenup“asummervacationtoworkinWatts.瓦茨以外的报导说我“放弃”了暑假去瓦茨工作FormypartIhadcomehometoworkinmycommunitybuttosomepeopleIcouldnotcomehometoWatts.TothemIwasnolongerfromWatts.对我自己来说,我是回到故乡在自己的社区里工作,但对有些人而言,瓦茨不再是我的故乡了,对他们来说,我不再是瓦茨人了MyownstateofmindwhenIleftWattseightyearsagototakeupthefresh__nyearatWhittierCollegewasdifferent.八年前,我离开瓦茨到惠蒂尔学院读一年级时心态和他们不同,Itwastomelessofadeparture;itwasthesteppingoffpointofanOdyssey漫長歷程thatwastotakemethroughWhittierCollegeandOxfordUniversitytoYaleLawSchoolandbacktoWatts.对于我,与其说这是离别,还不如说是一次漫长历程的出发点,它将带我从惠蒂尔学院,牛津大学,耶鲁法学院,再回到瓦茨Ihadintendedthenasnowto__keWattsmyhome.我当时和现在一样打算把瓦茨当作自己的家Thetalkamongtheambitious雄心andfuture-minded遠見youthinWattswasongettingoutsothatcareerscouldbegin.在瓦茨,有抱负、有远见的年青人谈论的是走出黑人区,开始干一番事业Andtheydidjustthat.Thetalented才能的youngpeopleleftWattsindroves成群結隊.他们正是这样做的有才能的年青人成群结队离开瓦茨,Theoneskilltheyhadincommonwastheabilitytoescapetheghetto.他们共同拥有的本领是脱离黑人区的能力Iwasespeciallyintrigued感興趣byacareerinWattsbecauseitwassupposedtobeimpossible.我对在瓦茨做一番事业特别感兴趣,因为人们认为这是件不可能的事,Iwantedtodemonstrate示范証明thatitcouldbedonemorethananythingelse.我想证明这是能够做到的,而且可以做得更好Irecallamomentduringacity-widehighschooloratoricalcontest演講比賽whenoneofthejudgesaskedwhetheranythinggoodcouldcomeoutofWatts.我想起有一次全市中学演讲比赛,一个评委问有没有什么好东西能出自瓦茨ourhighschoolwonthecontest.Weshowedthatjudge.Isawthatachievementasapossiblepatternfortheentireghetto.Iwaspleased.我们学校赢得了比赛我们向那个评委证实了自己的能力我把那次成功看作整个黑人区可以仿效的榜样我很高兴Ihadnotrealizedinle__ingforWhittierCollegethathoweverworthymyintentionofreturningwas回來的欲望是多麼高尚Iwasneverthelessparticipatinginthecusto__ryexodus(出走外流撤离)fromWatts.我离家去惠蒂尔学院时并未认识到,无论我要再回来的愿望多么高尚,我仍加入了通常的瓦茨人的出走大军Itwasnotlongafterle__ingthatmyearlyambitionsbegantowearthin.离开瓦茨后不久,我原来的抱负开始减弱,Thestig__污名ofWattswastoohe__ytobear.瓦茨的污名沉重得令人难以承受Icouldeasilydowithoutthequestioninglooksofmycollegeclas__ates.没有大学同学疑问的目光,我会轻松些IdidnotwantmybeingfromWattstoarousecuriosity.我不想让自己来自瓦茨的事实引起别人的好奇IfollowedtheinstructionsofthosewhofledWatts.Iadoptedthelanguageofescape.我遵循那些逃离瓦茨的人的教导,采用了逃避性的语言Iresortedtoallthedevi__softhosewhowishedtoescape.我采用那些希望逃出的人所使用的一切手段IwasfromSouthLosAngelesthereafternotWatts.“SouthLosAngeles”geographicallyidenticaltoWattscarriednoneofthelatter’sstig__.从那以后,我就成了从南洛杉矾来的,而不是从瓦茨“南洛杉矶”在地理位置上与瓦茨相同,但没有瓦茨的污名SouthLosAngeleswasacleaner-safer–designation稱呼.Itmeanth__ingahomewithpossibilities.南洛杉矾是一个干净、安全一些的称呼它意味着有一个充满希望的家ItneveroccurredtomeatthetimewhatIwasdoing.Ithoughtofitonlyasbeingpractical.在当时我根本没有想到自己在干些什么我只是认为这是出于实际的需要Itwasimportanttometodowellincollege.Communityidentitywassecondaryifaconsiderationatall.在大学里干得好对我来说很重要,即使我考虑到社区身份,那也只是次要的SomehowtheWattsthingsinterferedwithmynewcollegelife.不知___,瓦茨的一切干扰着我新的大学生活MoreoverNegrocollegeyouthduringthoseundergraduateyearshadnoneofitspresentmoodItsthemewascampusinvolvement.此外,当时黑人大学生在大学期间,心情与现在完全不同,其主题是加入校园生活Goodgradesathleticspopularity–thesewerethethingsthat__ttered.成绩好,体育好,人际关系好一一这些才是重要的Theword“ghetto“hadnotevenenteredthelexicon詞典ofra__relations.“黑人区”一词甚至还未进入种族关系的词汇中Studentswerenotconsciousoftheghettoasaseparatephenomenon現象.在学生的意识中黑人区还不是—个__的现象CivilrightsintheSouthernsensewasacademicallyfashionable流行的.ButtheghettooftheNorthwasnot.Thecon__rnfortheghettowasstillinthefuture.南方意义上的民权问题在学术界很流行,而北方的黑人区则不同对黑人区的__那是以后的事Englandthenforthemostpart很大程度上wasfreeof不存在thefinedistinctionsbetweenblacksandwhitestraditionally__deinAmerica.当时英国很大程度上不存在美国传统上对黑人与白人所作的细微区别,Ex__ptforsomeexclusive排外的clubsinLondontherewerefewoccasionswhereraciallinesweredrawn.除了伦敦一些排外的俱乐部之外,极少有划分种族界限的情况Thecolor-blindnessofEnglandwasespeciallytrueinthestudentlifeatOxford.英国没有种族偏见,在牛津的学生生活更是如此Thisrelativelymildracialcli__teinEnglandduringthelastthreeyearshaswiththelargeinflux流入ofblacksfromtheWestIn___sandSouthernAsiaadoptedsomeveryAmerican-likefeatures.(英国这一较为温和的种族风气,在过去三年中,随着大批有色人种从西印度群岛及南亚涌入,而带上了一些美国化的特点)Itwasinsucharelaxedracialatmospherethatallmydefensesaboutra__andhomecamedown.就是在这样一种宽松的种族气氛中,我所有在种族及家园问题上的辩解全都站不住脚了AtoxfordIcouldreflectontheAmericanblack__n.在牛津,我可以对美国黑人进行反思Myghettorootsbecamecruciallyimportantinthisexamination.在这一思考过程中,我在黑人区的根变得至关重要Englishmenwerenotcon__rnedaboutthedistinctionsIwas__kinginmyownmindbetweenWattsand“SouthLosAngeles“betweenWattsandWhittier.英国人对我在心里就瓦茨与“南洛杉矾”,瓦茨与惠蒂尔之间作出的区别不以为然Theywerenoti__gineddistinctions.这些并非是凭空想象出来的区别IwasdiscoveringthatIcouldnotescapetheghettoafterall.我发现自己归根到底无法摆脱黑人区Afundamental根本的changewastakingpla__intheghettostheWattsesacrossthecountry.在美国各地的黑人区,在众多的瓦茨,正在发生着根本的变化,Thesechangeswere__kingthedistinction.IrealizedIwasapartofthemtoo.这些变化形成了差别我意识到自己也是其中的一部分Byfarthemosttrau__tic震驚的ofthenewchangeswasghettorioting暴亂.这些新变化中最让人感到震惊的是黑人区的__IwasstudyingattheUniversityofViennabetweensemestersatOxfordduringthesummerof
1964.1964年夏天,在牛津大学暑假期间,我正在维也纳大学学习NewsofHarlemrioting暴亂joltedthemulti-nationalstudentcommunitythere.哈莱姆__的消息震动了那儿的多民族学生群体thetypicalEuropeanresponsewasunlikeanythingIhadseenbefore.欧洲人典型的反应是我过去从未见到过的Theyhadnohomesorbusinessestoworryaboutprotecting.他们无需为保护自己的家庭和企业操心TheywantedtoknowwhyNegroesdidnotriotmoreoften.他们想要知道___黑人不经常发动__AstheonlyNegrointhesummersessionIfeltawkward尷尬foratime.作为暑期班里唯一的黑人学生,我一度觉到十分尴尬Iwasbeingaskedquestionsabouttheblack__ninAmericathatnoonehadeveraskedmebefore.人们问我一些从未有人问过我的有关美国黑人的问题IwasembarrassedbecauseIdidnoth__eanyanswers.我感到尴尬,因为我不知怎么回答Myownlackofshameintheriotingthentakingpla__inAmericasurprisedme.我对美国正在发生的__并不感到羞愧,这使我很吃惊Inonesense在某种意义上,Iwasthearchetype典型oftheghettochildwhothroughhardworkandinitiative主動精神waspullinghimselftowardabetterlife.我是通过勤奋努力和主动精神使自己的生活得以改善的黑人区后代的典范Iwastheexampletheex__ption.ItwasmylifethatwashelduptoWattsyouthtoemulate仿效.我是个榜样,也是个例外我的生活成为瓦茨青年仿效的榜样Inanothersensehowevermyfeelingstowardtheriotingwerepredictable預料之中的.然而,在另一方面,我对__的__是在意料之中的Ihadalwaysbeenbotheredbythepassivityoftheghetto.黑人区的消极顺从向来使我不安The__jorityofblackmenintheNorthhadre__inedoutsidethestruggle.Nothingwashappeningintheghettos.Noonewas__kingithappen.北方大多数黑人一直不参与斗争,黑人区里一切平平静静,没有人打破这种平静Ghettoriotingthenwasthefirstrepresentation行動Iper__ivedofmovementandactivityamongthe__ssofNegroesintheNorth.黑人区的__是我看到的北方黑人群众中行动和能动性的首次表现,It__rkedabreakwiththepassivetraditionofdependencyandindifferen__冷漠.标志着依赖和冷漠这一消极传统终结TheghettowasatleastnolongercontentwithitsstatusasbastardchildofurbanAmerica.黑人区至少已经不再满足于自己作为美国城市___的身份Thecurrentssetinmotionhadahopefulirreversiblequalityaboutthem.这些涌动起来的急流有着充满希望、不可逆转的特点Theghettowantedlegiti__tion.Thatwasabeginning.黑人区需要取得合法的地位,这只是一个开始Theparallelbetweenasingleindividual’ssuc__ssandthebootstrapeffortofthe__ssofghettoyouthisandre__instootenuous微小tocomportwithreality.个人的成就与广大黑人区青年依靠自己的努力取得成功之间的可比性极其微小,很不现实Thiswas__decleartomeduringthediscussionsoftheHarlemriotsonthosehotsummerdaysinVienna.对我来说,这一点在维也纳那个炎热的夏天对哈莱姆__的讨论中就很清楚了Itshattered粉碎thenotion觀念thatmyindividualprogresscouldbehailedas視作anadvan__forallNegroes.它粉碎了我认为自己个人的发展能够被视作所有黑人的进步的想法Regrettablyitwasanadvan__onlyforme.令人遗憾的是,这就只是我个人的进步EarlierIhadthoughtthesuc__ssIhadwonsatisfiedanobligationIhadtoallNegroes.过去我认为我取得的成功使我能履行自己对所有黑人的责任,Itispartofthelipservi__everysuc__ssfulNegroisobligedtopaytothenotion觀念ofra__progresswheneverheachieves.这是每一个有成就的黑人在取得成功后不得不对种族进步的观念在口头上作出表示的一部分Inthefa__of__ssriotingtheoldshibboleths陈词滥调wereredu__dtoembarrassing難堪emptiness.在大规模__面前,这种陈词滥调变成了令人难堪的空话Iwasenjoyingtheprivilegesofstudyingattheworld’sfinestuniversities;Negroesathomewererevoltingagainsttheirmiserable痛苦condition.我正在享受着在世界最优秀的大学学习的特权,而家乡的黑人正在为反抗他们所处的悲惨状况而斗争Tothemmyexperien__andexamplewereasremoteasifIhadneverlivedorbeenthere.我的经历和榜样对他们来说是如此遥远,好像我从未在那儿生活或从未到过那儿一样Atbestonlythetopstudentscouldidentifywithmyexample–buttheywerefew.最多也只有最好的学生才能感到同我一样,但他们毕竟很少Andbesidesthetopstudentswerenottheproblem.除此之外,好学生不是问题所在WhenIreturnedtoOxfordinthefallfollowingaspateofsummerriotinginEasterncities美国东部城市夏天发生了洪水般的__当我在秋天回到牛津大学后,Iwasconvin__d確信thatsomemomentouschangeshadbeenwroughtforallNegroesnotjustthoseintheghetto.我确信所有黑人,不仅是黑人区的黑人,都已发生了重大的变化It__rtainlymeantanewmilitancyandamilitancyofactionnotthepassivefulminationsofthedemi-militants.Thiswasforwatts.这无疑意味着新的戰斗性,不是半战斗性的人们不是消极的谴责,而是积极行动的战斗性这是瓦茨所需要的IenrolledinYaleLawSchoolinthefallaftertheriots.__之后的秋季我进入了耶鲁法学院学习ThistimeIdidnotle__eWatts.NordidIwishtole__eWatts.WattsfollowedmetoYale.这一次___离开瓦茨,也不希望离开瓦茨瓦茨跟随我一同进了耶鲁大学InfactWattswasatYalebeforeIwas.Thediscussionsaboutriotsandghettosweremorelivelyandcompellingthantheclassroomdiscussionsonthelaw.事实上,瓦茨比我先到了耶鲁关于__和黑人区的讨论比课堂上对法律的讨论更激烈,更令人感兴趣Therewerenowordgamesorcontrived做作problems.Thequestionsraisedwereurgentones.没有文字游戏或杜撰出来的问题,讨论的全都是紧迫的问题NotsurprisinglyWattstoowasinthethroesofpainfuldiscussionabouttheriots.毫不奇怪,瓦茨也在对__进行痛苦的讨论,处于剧烈的阵痛之中ItwasbeginningtolookasthoughthedeepestimpactoftheriotswasonthepeopleofWattsthemselves.似乎开始有迹象表明,受__影响最深的是瓦茨人自己Oldattitudesaboutthecommunitywereinuphe__al劇變.Therewerenoexplanationsthatseemedcomplete.对于这一社区的旧观念发生了剧烈变化,似乎没有一个解释是全面的,Nooneknewforsurehowitallbegan.Therewasnoagreementonhowitwascontinuedaslongasitwas–andwhy.谁也不明确一切是如何开始的,对于究竟如何继续的以及为何要继续,也没有共同意见weonlyknewithappened.whatIhadoftenmistakenforpointlessspoutings高談闊論wasinrealitya__nifestation(表現)ofthisdesperate不顧一切searchforatruthabouttheriots.我们只知道事情发生了我曾一度误认为毫无意义的高谈阔论,实际上是对____热切探索的具体表Thenewin____ectualcli__teinWattswashard–wrought.新的理性氛围在瓦茨艰难地形成了Itwasrichenoughtosupportevenacommunistbookstore.内容丰富多彩,甚至足以维持一家专卖__主义书籍的书店Writerspoetsartistsflourished.作家、诗人、艺术家异常活跃Iwashandedfull__nuscriptsofunpublishedbooksbyindigenouswritersandaskedtocriticizethem.本地__把未出版的完整书稿交给我,要我评论Ih__enotseenduringeightyearsofcollegelifeas__nypersonaljournalskept記日記andsketcheswritten寫見聞錄asinWattssin__the1965riots.从1965年__以来,在瓦茨有这么多人记日记,写见闻录,这是我在八年的大学生涯中从未见到过的Anewroughwisdomofthestreetcornerwasemerging.一种新型的、粗扩的街头文化正在形成Isuspectedatthetimeandnowrealizethattheriotswereperhapsthemostsignificant__ssiveactiontakenbyNorthernNegroes.当时我猜想,现在则更加认识到__也许是北方黑人采取的最有意义的大规模行动,Itwasawatershedintheghetto’shistory.是黑人区___分水岭BeforetheriotsthereachoftheNegromovementinAmericaseemedwithintheprovin__ofa__allcivilrightsleadership.在此之前美国黑人运动的规模似乎只局限于狭小的民权运动__范围之内NowWattsandpla__slikeWattswereredefiningtheroleofblackmenintheircity’slife.现在瓦茨以及像瓦茨这样的地方正在重新界定黑人在他们城市生活中的角色Ih__eaffectionatetiestoWatts.Ibearthesame__rkasasonofWattsnowthatIdidduringthatoratoricalcontestinhighschool.我与瓦茨感情上有着密切的__现在和当年在中学参加演讲比赛时一样,我的身上带有瓦茨之子的同样印记I__ybepersonallylessvulnerabletoittodaybutIamnevertheless仍然influen__dbyit.今天,我个人可能不再那么容易因瓦茨而受到伤害,但我仍然受瓦茨的影响WhileagroupinWhittierCalif.__yregarditasunfortunatethatitscollege’sfirstRhodesScholarcomesfromWattsIformypartcouldnotfeelmoreprideaboutthatthanIdonow.也许加利福尼亚惠蒂尔学院会有一批人认为,学院的第一个罗兹奖学金获得者来自瓦茨是件令人遗憾的事,我本人却从未比现在更加为此感到骄傲过Ifeelnoembarras__ent困窘forthosewhothinkillofWatts.有些人把瓦茨想得很坏,我并不因此感到局促不安Ihadon__feltit.NowIonlyfeeltheregretforon__h__ingbeenembarrassed.过去我曾有过这样的感觉现在我只为曾经感到过局促不安而悔恨“SouthLosAngeles“isasourmemory.Wattsismyhome.“南洛杉矾”是个令人心酸的记忆,我的故乡是瓦茨ThenIh__emylogicaltiestoWattstoo.我与瓦茨还有着逻辑上的必然__Myinterestinthelawstemsfromacon__rnforthefutureofwatts.我对法律的兴趣来自对瓦茨未来的__TheproblemofthepoorandofthecityinAmericasimplifiedistheproblemoftheghettoNegro.美国的贫困问题与城市问题简单来看就是居住在黑人区的黑人问题Iregarditasproblemofthelastthirdofthis__ntury.我认为这是本世纪最后三十余年中的基本问题PlainlyWattsiswheretheactionis.显然,瓦茨是斗争的中心ThetalentsandleadershipwhichIsawle__eWattsasachildaretheverythingsitneedsmosttoday.我在童年时看到的那些离开瓦茨的有才能有__能力的人,正是瓦茨现在最需要的__nyoftheghetto’swanderingchildrenarechoosingacitytoworkin.Mychoi__was__deforme-----longago.许多在黑人区徘徊的子弟正在选择一个城市去工作而我,很久以前就为自己做出了选择Thereisadifferen__betweenmyschoolingandthewisdomofthestreetcorner.我受的学校教育和街头文化之间存在差别Iknowthelifeofablack__ninWattsislargerthanafederalpovertyprogram.我知道瓦茨黑人生活中的问题远非任何联邦救贫计划所能解决的IfthereisnofuturefortheblackghettothefutureofallNegroesisdiminished.如果黑人区没有前途,所有黑人的前途也会渺茫WhataffectsitaffectsmeforIamachildoftheghetto.任何影响黑人区的事物都影响着我,因为我是黑人区的孩子WhentheydoittoWattstheydoittometoo.他们恶待瓦茨时,也就是恶待我I‘llneverescapefromtheghetto.Ih__estakedmyallonitsfuture.Wattsismyhome.我永远不会脱离黑人区我的一切与黑人区的未来休戚相关瓦茨是我的家LessonTenHow__rketLeadersKeeptheirEdge byMichaelTreacyandFredWierse__ 课文翻译Translationofthetext 领先市场的公司怎样保持竞争优势 米歇尔特雷西弗雷德沃西马Ourresearchshowsthatnocompanycansuc__edtodaybytryingtobeallthingstoallpeople.我们的调查表明,没有一家公司能够做到面面俱到,满足所有人的需求而成功Itmustinsteadfindtheuniquevaluethatitalonecandelivertoachosen__rket.相反,它必须找到一种特定的价值观为其所选定的市场服务Weh__eidentifiedthreedistinctvaluedisciplinessocalledbecauseeachdisciplineprodu__sadifferentkindofcustomervalue.我们归纳三种不同的价值类型,这么说是因为每种类型都提供一种不同的顾客价值观Choosingonedisciplineto__sterdoesnotmeanthatacompanyabandons放棄theothertwoonlythatitpicksadimensionofvalue價值類型onwhichtostakeits__rketreputation声誉overthelongterm.选择一种价值类型去做并不意味着一家公司放弃了另外两种,这只意味着它选择了价值观的一个方面,并以此建立自己__的市场声誉Thefirstvaluedisciplinewecalloperationalex__llen__第一种价值类型我们称之为运作卓越型Companiesthatpursue追求thisarenotpri__rilyproductorservi__innovators革新者nordotheycultivate培養deepone–to-onerelationshipswithcustomers.追求这种价值的公司既不是产品和服务的革新者,也不培养和顾客一对一的密切关系Insteadoperationallyex__llentcompaniesprovidemiddle-of–the-__rketproductsatthebestpri__withtheleastinconvenien__麻煩.Theirproposition主張tocustomersis______:lowpri__orhassle–free無麻煩的servi__orboth.运作卓越型的公司以最__的__、最大的便利给顾客提供中档产品他们为顾客服务的宗旨很简单低价位或无麻烦的服务,或两者兼而有之Thesecondvaluedisciplinewecallproductleadership.第二种价值类型我们称之为产品领先型Itspractitionerscon__ntrateonofferingproductsthatpushperfor__n__boundaries产品领先型公司倾全力提供性能最好的产品Theirpropositiontocustomersisanofferofthebestproductperiod.他们为顾客服务的宗旨是提供最好的产品Moreoverproductleadersdonotbuildtheirpositionswithjustoneinnovation革新;此外,产品领先者并不止步于只是一种革新,theycontinuetoinnovateyearafteryearproductcycleafterproductcycle.他们年复一年地创新,一个产品周期接一个产品周期不断创新JohnsonJohnsonforinstan__isaproductleaderinthemedicalequipmentfield.比如说,强生公司是医疗器材领域的产品先锋WithNikethesuperior優越的valuedoesnotreside體現justinitsathletic動動的footwearbutalsointhecomfortcustomerscantakefromknowingthatwhateverproducttheybuyfromNikewillrepresentthehotteststyleandtechnologyonthe__rket.“耐克”这个品牌的优越价值不仅仅体现在运动鞋袜上,而且体现在顾客从这个品牌中得到的舒适感上顾客知道他们从“耐克”买的任何产品都代表市场上最抢手的款式和技术Fortheseproductleaderscompetitionisnotaboutpri__orcustomerservi__thoughthosecan’tbeignoredit’saboutproductperfor__n__性能.对于这些产品领先者来说,他们要竞争的不是产品__或对顾客的服务(虽然这两条不能忽视),而是产品的性能Thethirdvaluedisciplineweh__enamedcustomerinti__cy親密的.第三种价值类型我们称之为亲密顾客型Itsadherents信念focusondeliveringnotwhatthe__rketwantsbutwhatspecificcustomerswant.这类公司着重提供的不是市场的需求,而是特定顾客群体需求Customer-inti__tecompaniesdonotpursueone-timetransactions交易;theycultivaterelationships.与顾客关系密切的公司追求的不是一次性的交易,他们培养与顾客之间的关系Theyspecializeinsatisfyinguniqueneedswhichoftenonlytheyrecognizethroughacloserelationshipwith---andinti__teknowledgeof----thecustomer.他们满足顾客的特殊需求,而这些需求,只有靠他们和顾客建立密切关系,深入了解才能获知Theirproposition宗旨tothecustomer:Weh__ethebestsolutionforyouandweprovideallthesupportyouneedtoachieveoptimum最適宜的resultsorvalueorbothfromwhateverproductsyoubuy.他们为顾客服务的宗旨是我们为你提供最佳解决办法,提供你所需的一切支持以达到你所__的任何产品的最佳效果或价值,或两者兼顾Longdistan__telephonecarrierCableWirelessforexamplepracti__scustomerinti__cywithavengean__極度achievingsuc__ssinahighlycompetitive__rketbyconsistentlygoingtheextramile額外的服務foritsselectivelychosen__all-businesscustomers.比如,长途__公司CableWireless彻底实行密切__顾客的策略,通过始终如一地设法为它所选定的生意规模小的客户提供额外服务,从而在激烈竞争的市场中获得成功WinningthroughCost以__取胜Operationallyex__llentcompaniesdeliveracombinationofqualitypri__andeaseofpurchase購買便利thatnooneelseintheir__rketcan__tch.运作卓越型公司提供一种质量、__、购物便利的组合,这是市场上其他公司无法与之相比的Theyarenotproductorservi__innovatorsnordotheycultivateone-to-onerelationshipswithcustomers.他们不是产品或服务的革新者,也不发展与顾客一对一的密切关系Theyexecuteextraordinarily額外wellandtheirpropositiontocustomersisguaranteed(確保)lowpri__orhassle–free無麻煩servi__orboth.他们把公司经营得非常出色,他们对顾客的服务宗旨是确保低价位,或无麻烦的服务,或两者兼有Pri__/Costcothechainofwarehouseclubstores仓储式连锁商店,doesn’tprovideaparticularlyrichselectionofmerchandise商品----only3500itemsvs.50000ormoreincompetingstores.普莱斯/考斯托克是家仓储式连锁商店,它并不提供有极大挑选余地的商品同与之竞争的商店中5万种,或更多种的商品相比,它只提供3500种Butasacustomeryoudon’th__etospendmuchtimedeliberatingover(考慮)whatbrand(商標)ofcoffeeorhomeapplian__toselect.但作为一名顾客,你没必要花太多的时间考虑选择哪种品牌的咖啡或家庭用具Pri__/Costcos__esyouthathasslebychoosingforyou.普莱斯/考斯托克公司帮你做出选择从而省去你的麻烦Thencompany’sConsumerReportsmentalityleadstorigorous精確的evaluationofleadingbrandsandshrewd精明地purchasingofjusttheonebrandineachcategorythatrepresentsthebestvalue.公司的“消费者反馈报告”对主要品牌做出精确的评估,使公司精明地__每种商品中代表最优价值的品牌Toaddexcitement__totheshoppingexperien__----thatistogetthecustomertocomeagainandagain----newitemsareconstantlysprinkledintotheassortment分類tobuildanticipation期望值andavalue-of-the–weekatmosphere.为了增加顾客购物的兴奋感,也就是说为了让顾客经常光顾,商店不断地在已有的各式货品中添加新品种来增加顾客的期望值,而且还营造了__本周最有价值商品的氛围Behindthes__nes暗地裡Pri__/Costcofollowsanoperatingmodelinwhichitbuyslargerquantitiesandnegotiatesbetterpri__sthancompetingstores.普莱斯/考斯托克公司暗地里实施一种操作模式它大量进货,从而获得比竞争对手更低的__Itcarriesonlyitemsthatsellwell.Thecompany‘sinfor__tionsystemstrackproductmovement---andmoveitdoes.它只进好卖的商品公司的信息系统跟踪记载商品的销售情况——这些商品确实流动Thesedatadrivestockingdecisionsthatoptimize優化floorspa__usage.这些数据引导进货决策,以便使地面空间的利用最优化Thepla__hums.Itrunslikeawell-oiled__chineandcustomersloveit.这里生意兴隆,就像一台上好的机器运转顺利,深受顾客欢迎WinningwithGreatProducts以__产品取胜Companiespursuingproductleadershipcontinuallypushproductsintotherealm領域oftheunknowntheuntriedorthehighlydesirable極且吸引力.追求产品先领先地位的公司不断努力生产出别人未知的,未尝试过的,或极具吸引人的产品Reachingthatgoalrequiresthattheychallengethemselvesinthreeways.要想达到这个目标要求,他们必须在三个方面挑战自我Firsttheymustbecreative.Morethananythingelsebeingcreativemeansrecognizingandembracingideasthat__yoriginateanywhere----insidethecompanyorout.首先,他们必须富有创造性富有创造性最主要的是能认别并容纳来源不同的主意,无论是公司那还是公司外Secondtheymustcommercializetheirideasquickly.Todosoalltheirbusinessand__nagementpro__ssesareengineeredforspeed.其次,他们必须迅速地使自己的想法商品化要做到这一点,其所有的业务和管理进程都要加快速度Thirdandmostimportanttheymustrelentlessly無情地pursue超越waystoleapfrog(躍過)theirownlatestproductorservi__.第三点也是最重要的一点,他们必须坚持不懈地寻找超越自己最新产品和服务的途径Ifanyoneisgoingtorendertheirtechnologyobsolete使他们的技术过时theyprefertodoitthemselves.如果有人要使他们的技术过时,他们宁愿自己来做Productleadersdonotstopforself-congratulation.Theyaretoobusyraisingthebar.产品领先型公司不会满足于已取得的成绩,他们忙于追求更高的目标JohnsonJohnsonmeetsallthreeofthesechallenges.Itbringsinnewideasdevelopsthemquicklyandthenlooksforwaystoimprovethem.强生公司迎接所有这三种挑战它引进新点子,迅速使其得以发展,再寻找改进的途径ThepresidentofJJ’sVistakona__kerofspecialtycontactlenses强生的卫康公司是专门生产隐形眼镜的公司,heardin1983aboutaCopenhagenophthalmologistwhohadcon__ivedawayof__nufacturingdisposablecontactlensesinexpensively.公司总裁于1983年听说一位哥本哈根的眼科医生想出了廉价生产一次型隐形眼镜的办法HegothistipbytelephonefromaJJ’semployeewhoworkedforJanssenPhar____utical制藥公司aBelgiandrugsubsidiary.他是从强生公司的一位雇员的__中得知这件事的而这位雇员所工作的琼森制药公司是强生公司在比利时的一家子公司Insteadofdi__issingtheophthalmologistasamerethinkererthesetwoexecutivesspeedilyboughttherightstothetechnologyassembleda__nagementteamtooverseedevelopmentandbuiltastate-of-the–artfacilityinFloridato__nufacturedisposablecontactlensescalledAcuvue.这两位负责人没有把这位眼科医生当成门外汉而拒绝考虑他的想法相反,迅速买下技术专利,调集了一支管理队伍监督进展状况,还在佛罗里达州建造了最先进的设备生产叫做Acuvue的隐形眼镜Bythesummerof1987Acuvuewasreadyfortest-__rketing.到1987年的夏天,Acuvue准备试销`InlessthanayearVistakonrolledouttheproductacrosstheU.S.withahigh–visibilityandcampaign.在不到一年的时间里,卫康公司以显见的__运动在全美__其产品Vistakon---anditsparentJJ---werewillingtoincurhigh__nufacturingandinventorycostsbeforeasinglelenswassold.卫康公司和母公司强生公司在一副隐形眼镜尚未賣出之前甘愿承受高额生产和库存费用Vistakon‘shigh-speedproductionfacilityhelpedgivethecompanyasix-monthheadstartoverwould–berivals.卫康公司的高速生产设备有助于强生公司领先于它的未来竞争对手六个月的时间Caughtoffguardthecompetitionnevercaughtup.其竞争对手在未加提防情况下遭受重击,因而永远无法赶超JJlikeotherproductleadersworkshardatdevelopingopen-mindednesstonewideas.和其他产品领先公司一样,强生公司努力虚心接受新的观点,Vistakoncontinuestoinvestigatenew__terialsthatwouldextendthewearabilityofthecontactlensensandevensometechnologiesthatwould__kethelensesobsolete.卫康公司继续研究新材料以延长隐形眼镜的耐用性,甚至研究能使眼镜过时的技术productleaderscreateand__intainanenviro__entthatencouragesemployeestobringideasintothecompanyandjustasimportanttolistentoandconsidertheseideashoweverunconventional.产品领先公司创建和保持一种环境,鼓励员工把新想法带入公司,不管这些想法多么不合常规也要倾听和考虑Whereothersseeglitches小故障intheir__rketingplansorthreatstotheirproductlinescompaniesthatfocusonproductleadershipseeopportunityandrushtocapitalizeonit.其他公司看作是市场计划中的小缺陷或对产品种类构成威胁的地方,产品领先型公司看到的则是机遇并迅速利用Companiesex__llinginproductleadershipdonotplanforeverypossiblecontingencynordotheyspendmuchtimeondetailed____ysis.以产品领先而著称的公司不为每一个可能发生的意外__做计划,也不花太多的时间做详细的分析`Theirstrengthliesinreactingtosituationsastheyoccur.Fastreactiontimesareanadvantagewhendealingwiththeunknown.他们的力量体现在对所发生的情况做出反应当处理未知的事情时,快速反应是优势Vistakon’s__nagersforexamplerespondedquicklywhencompe_____schallengedthesafetyofthelenses.比如,卫康公司的经理在对手对隐形眼镜的安全性提出异议时,他们做出迅速反应TheydistributeddatacombatingthechargesviaFederalExpresstosome17000eye-careprofessionals.他们通过联邦快件递送公司把__指责的数据分发给一万七千名护眼专业人士,Vistakon’sspeedyresponseengenderedgoodwillinthe__rketpla__.卫康公司的迅速反应使其在销售市场建立了良好的商业信誉Productleadersh__eavestedinterestinprotectingtheentrepreneurialenviro__entthattheyh__ecreated.产品领先公司对保护他们所建造的企业环境拥有既得的利益Tothatendtheyhirerecruitandtrainemployeesintheirownmold.为了达到那个目的,他们以自己的模式雇用、招收、培训员工WhenitistimeforVistakontohirenewsalespeopleforexampleits__nagersdonotlookforpeopleexperien__dinsellingcontactlenses;theylookforpeoplewhowillfitinwithjJ‘sculture.比如说,当卫康公司要聘用新销售员时,其经理所要聘用的不是有销售隐形眼镜经验的人,而是将能适应强生公司文化的人Thatmeanstheirfirstquestionisn’taboutacandidate’srelatedexperien__;it’smorelikelytobe“Couldyouworkcooperativelyinteams”or“Howopenareyoutocritici__”也就是说,他们所问的第一个问题不是关于应聘者的相关经验,而很可能是“你能与团队合作工作吗?”或者是“你能怎样虚心接受批评?”Productleadersaretheirownfier__stcompe_____s.产品领先公司最激烈的竞争对手就是自己Theynosoonercrossafrontierthantheyarescoutingthenext.他们刚刚跨越一个新领域就开始探索下一个更新的领域Theymustbeadeptatrenderingobsoletetheproductsandservi__stheyh__ecreated他们必须善于使自己的产品和服务淘汰Theyrealizethatiftheydon’tdevelopasuc__ssoranothercompanywill.他们知道如果自己不__更新换代的产品,其他公司也会这样做的JJNikeandotherinnovatorsarewillingtotakethelongviewofprofitability强生、耐克和其他革新公司愿意以长远的眼光考虑利润问题,recognizingthatextractingthefullprofitpotentialfromanexistingproductorservi__islessimportantthan__intainingproductleadershipandmomentum.意识到保持产品的领先地位和冲力,要比从现有的产品和服务中获取全部的潜在利润更重要Thesecompaniesareneverblindedbytheirownsuc__ss.这些公司从来不会被胜利冲昏头脑WinningthroughCustomerInti__cy以顾客密切关系取胜Acompanythatdeliversvalueviacustomerinti__cybuildsbondswithcustomerslikethosebetweengoodnei___ors.一个通过与顾客建立密切关系而实现其价值的公司与顾客建立友邻一样的联系Customer-inti__tecompaniesdon’tdeliverwhatthe__rketwantsbutwhataspecificcustomerwants.顾客亲密型公司并不提供市场所需的,而是提供某特定的顾客所需的东西Thecustomer-inti__tecompany__kesabusinessofknowingthepeopleitsellstoandtheproductsandservi__stheyneed.顾客亲密型公司认为了解其顾客以及顾客所需的产品和服务至关重要Itcontinuallytailorsitsproductsandservi__sanddoessoatreasonablepri__s.它不断地使其产品和服务迎合顾客要求,而且__合理Itspropositionis:“Wegetyouthebesttotalsolution.它的服务宗旨是“我们使你得到最佳解决方案”“Thecustomer–inti__tecompany’sgreatestassetisitscustomers’loyalty.顾客亲密型公司的最大的资产是其顾客对它的忠诚Customersdon’th__etoberesoldthroughexpensiveadvertisingandpromotion.顾客亲密型公司不靠昂贵的__和产品促销来把商品转卖给顾客,Customer-inti__tecompaniesdon’tpursuetransactions;Theycultivaterelationships.他们追求的不是交易,而是培养与客户之间的关系Theyareadeptatgivingthecustomermorethanheorsheexpects.他们善于向顾客提供超出顾客自己所期望的东西Byconstantlyupgradingofferingscustomer-inti__tecompaniesstayaheadofcustomers’risingexpectations通过不断地提高其供应物品的质量,顾客亲密型公司总是超出顾客不断提高的期望值,----expectationsthatbythewaytheythemselvescreate.顺便提一下,这些期望是公司自己创造出来的`CableWirelessalong-distan__carrierisagoodexampleofacompanythatisbetterthanmostatbuildingrelationshipsthatpayoffinrepeatsalesfromloyalcustomers.CableWireless公司是个很好的范例在建立与顾客关系方面它比大多数公司做得更好这样做的回报是忠实的顾客继续__它的产品,接受它的服务CableWirelessCommunicationsbasedinViennaVirginiahasworkedforyearstobecomeacustomer-inti__teorganization.设在弗吉尼亚州的维也纳CableWireless通讯公司发展多年才成为一个顾客亲密型的组织ItisasubsidiaryofBritain’sCableWirelessandfocusedprincipallyonbusinessclients.作为英国CableWireless公司的子公司,它重点发展与商业客户的关系Thecompanyattributesits20%annualgrowthrateinnumberoflong-distan__customerminutestoitsstrivingcontinuouslytoservecustomersbetterthanbiggercompe_____s.公司把每年增长20%的长途话时,归因于自己比其他强大竞争对手更加不懈地努力为顾客服务Companyexecutivesknewlongagothattheirlong-distan__operationcouldn’tcompeteonpri__withtheBigThreeAtTMCIandSprint.公司的董事们很久以前就知道他们的长途业务在__上无法同ATT、MCI和斯普林特三大公司抗衡`Sotheysoughttodifferentiatethemselvesbyprovidingthebestcustomersupportintheindustryalongwithdirectsalesconsultationthatgivessalespeopleinti__teknowledgeofwhat__kesitscustomerssuc__ssful.所以他们向客户提供这一行业中最好的支持,并通过直接销售__,为销售人员提供能使顾客获得成功的个人信息,这使他们与其他公司不同TheresultisthatCableWirelesshasturneditselffromamundanecommoditybusiness普通的peddlinglong-distan__servi__intoasophisticatedtele__nager老練的電信公司apartnerwithitscustomers.结果是CableWireless通讯公司,这个曾经是小规模经营长途__业务的普通企业,发展成了一个老练的__公司,一个与顾客合作的伙伴CableWirelesspinsitssuc__ssonchoosingthecustomersitcanservebest---__alltomedium-sizebusinesswithmonthlybillingof$500to$
15000.CableWireless公司的成功归因于它选择了自己能够提供最佳服务的客户群体——每月__费为500至15000美元的中小型企业Insuch__allbusinessesCableWireless‘s500U.S.salespeopleworkingoutof36regionaloffi__scanactliketelecommunications__nagers.CableWireless公司在36个地区办事处的500名美国销售员可以充当__经理Corporationstoo__alltohiretheirowntelecomgurus權威valuetheadvi__andexpertiseCableWirelesspeoplecanoffer.规模小的公司不足以雇用自己的__权威,他们看着CableWireless公司提供的建议和专业知识TheKeyistosegmentthe__rketvertically.Thisenablesthecompanytopitchspecificcustomerswithspecializedservi__sthatnoothercompanycanbegintoprovide.垂直分割市场至关重要这样做可以使公司选定特定的客户群并提供给他们其他公司无法提供的____Example:Onecustomersegmentisthelegalprofession.比如一个划分的客户群体是法律专业人士cableWirelessisdevelopingfeaturesandfunctionthath__etremendousappealtolawyers.CableWireless公司研究__出对律师们有极大吸引力的具有独特功能的特色服务NextCableWirelessfine-tunes微調itsservi__stoeachcustomer.其次,CableWireless公司对每个顾客的服务进行微调Thecompanywantscustomerstofeelthey’regettingthesupportofnotjustthesalesfor__butoftheentirecompany.公司要顾客感到他们得到的支持不仅来自公司的销售人员而且来自整个公司Top__nagementempowersallemployeeswhoworkwithcustomersto__kesophisticateddecisions.高级管理层授权所有与顾客打交道的员工以做出老练的决定Pricingwason__thedo__inofcorporatepricinggurus.Nolonger.定价权曾经只掌握在公司定价权威人士手中,而现在再也不是这样了Nowit‘sinthehandsofthe50local__nagers.现在50名地方经理手中都握着定价权`Thesamethinggoesforpromotional產品宣傳advertisingandtrade-show展銷會money.同样,地方经理还有权调拨宣传产品费用、__费以及展销会的费用Local__nagersallocateitastheyseefitpreparingbudgetsandsendingthemupthecorporateladdertokeepsupervisorsinformed.地方经理把钱用在他们认为合适的地方,准备经费预算,并把一切开销通报上级主管部门Allthesepracti__shelpCableWirelesspeoplebuildtightrelationshipswithcustomers.所有这些措施帮助CableWireless公司全体员工和顾客建立了密切关系,Theresultisextremelyhighcustomer-retentionrates:CableWirelesslosesonly2%oflong-distan__minutesbilledeachmonthvs.anindustrystandardof3%to5%.其结果是极高的顾客回头率CableWireless公司每月只损失2%长途话费,而行业标准是3%至5%Despitethespecializationrequiredof__rketleadersweregularlycomeacross__nagerswhodon’tbuytheideaofh__ingtonarrowtheiroperationalfocus.“Whatyou’resayingabout__kinghardchoi__sdoesn’tapplytous“Theysay.“We’regoodatallthreedisciplines.“尽管市场领先公司需要专门化经营,我们常遇上一些公司经理,他们不接受必须缩小公司经营重点的观点他们说“你所说的要做出艰难的选择对于我们不适用,我们对这三种类型都很擅长”Yetwhenwelookatthese__nagers’businessesweinvariablyfindcompaniesthatdon’tex__lbutaremerelymediocreinthethreedisciplines.然而当我们观察这些经理的企业时,总是发现他们在这三方面做得并不出色,只是一般化而已Sureastheantehasrisenintheir__rketsthey’veimprovedtheircoststructureandbecomemoreawareoftheircustomers.无疑,随着市场风险越来越大,他们改进了成本结构,越来越重视顾客,They’veaddednewproductsandlineextensionsovertheyears.这些年来也增添了新产品,扩大了生产线They’vekeptupwithrisingparitylevelstostayinthegame.为了不被竞争出局,他们也保持商品趋于__Whattheyh__en’tdoneiscreateabreakthroughinanyonedimensiontoreachnewheightsofperfor__n__.但他们没能做到的是在任何一方面有所突破而达到新的高度Theyh__enottr__eledpastcompeten__toreachex__llen__.他们没能发挥过去的能力以达到优异的程度Tothese__nagerswesaythatifyoudecidetoplayan__eragegametodabbleinallareasdon’texpecttobecomea__rketleader.对于这些企业经理我们要说,如果你决定玩一场平庸的游戏Choosingadisciplineisthechoi__ofwinners.选择一种类型是获胜者的抉择LessonElevenOnHu__nNatureandPolitics论人性与政治11-1Undoubtedlythedesireforfoodhasbeenandstillisoneofthe__incausesofgreatpoliticalevents.勿容置疑,对于食物的欲望一直是并仍然是导致重大____的主要原因之一But__ndiffersfromotherani__lsinoneveryimportantrespectandthatisthathehasdesireswhicharesotospeakinfinitewhichcanneverbefullygratifiedandwhichwouldkeephimrestlesseveninParadise.但人与其他动物有一个很重要的区别,那就是人有着可谓无休止的欲望,永远不可能得到完全满足,即使到了天堂也还不得安宁theboaconstrictorwhenhehashadanadequatemealgoestosleepanddoesnotwakeuntilheneedsanothermeal.巨蟒饱餐一顿后就睡觉,直到需要再吃一顿时才醒来Hu__nbeingsforthemostpartarenotlikethis.WhentheArabswhohadbeenusedtolivingsparinglyonafewdatesacquiredtherichesoftheEasternRo__nEmpireanddweltinpala__sofalmostunbelievableluxurytheydidnotonthataccountbecomeinactive.对于大多数人来说并非如此___人曾习惯于靠吃几个枣子节俭度日,当他们获得东罗马帝国的财富,居住在几乎令人难以置信的豪华宫殿中时,他们并未因此就闲居不动了HungercouldnolongerbeamotiveforGreeksl__essuppliedthemwithexquisiteviandsattheslightestnod.饥饿不可能再是一个动机,因为只需轻轻一点头,希腊奴隶就会奉上精美佳肴Butotherdesireskeptthemactive:fourinparticularwhichwecanlabelacquisitiveness佔有欲rivalry競爭欲vanity虛榮心andloveofpower.權力欲但是别的欲望使他们继续活跃,主要有四种欲望,我们称之为占有欲,竞争欲,虚荣心和权力欲11-2AcquisitivenessthewishtopossessasmuchaspossibleofgoodsorthetitletogoodsisamotivewhichIsupposehasitsorigininacombinationoffearwiththedesireforne__ssaries.占有欲——希望占有尽可能多的财产或对财产的所有权——在我看来是一种动机,它根源于恐惧和对拥有生活必需品的欲望的结合11-3Ion__befriendedtwolittlegirlsfromEsthoniawhohadnarrowlyescapeddeathfromstarvationinafamine.我曾经帮助过两个爱沙尼亚来的小姑娘,她们在一场饥荒中死里逃生,幸免饿死Theylivedinmyfamilyandofcoursehadplentytoeat.她们住在我家中,当然有足够的东西吃Buttheyspentalltheirleisurevisitingnei___ouringfarmsandstealingpotatoeswhichtheyhoarded.但是她们却花费所有的闲暇时间到邻近的农场去偷土豆,然后贮藏起来Rockefellerwhoinhisinfancyhadexperien__dgreatpovertyspenthis_____lifeinasimilar__nner.洛克菲勒在童年时代经受过极度的贫困,也以与此类似的方式度过他的成年SimilarlytheArabchieftainsontheirsilkenByzantinedivanscouldnotforgetthedesertandhoardedrichesfarbeyondanypossiblephysicalneed.同样,那些坐在拜占庭帝国柔软光滑的长沙發椅上的___酋长们也无法忘记沙漠,贮藏起远远超过可能需要的物质财富Butwhateverthepsycho____ysisofacquisitivenessnoonecandenythatitisoneofthegreatmotivesespeciallyamongthemorepowerfulforasIsaidbeforeitisoneoftheinfinitemotives.但不论对占有欲作什么样的精神分析,没人能够否认这是巨大的动机之一Howevermuchyou__yacquireyouwillalwayswishtoacquiremore;satietyisadreamwhichwillalwayseludeyou.特别是对较有权势的人更是如此,因为正如我前面所说,这是一个无休止的动机无论你获得多少,你总是希望获得更多,完全满足是一个永远无法实现的梦想11-4Butacquisitivenessalthoughitisthe__inspringofthecapitalistsystemisbynomeansthemostpowerfulofthemotivesthatsurvivetheconquestofhunger.虽然占有欲是资本主义制度的主要动力,但它决不是征服了饥饿以后最强大动机Rivalryisamuchstrongermotive.OverandoveragaininMuham__danhistorydynastiesh__ecometogriefbecausethesonsofasultanbydifferentmotherscouldnotagreeandintheresultingcivilwaruniversalruinresulted.竞争欲是一个更强大的动机在___教的历史上,王朝一次又一次陷入灾难,因为苏丹不同妻子所生的__们意见分歧,导致了内战,也造成普遍的破坏ThesamesortofthinghappensinmodernEurope.同样的事也在现代欧洲发生WhentheBritishGover__entveryunwiselyallowedtheKaisertobepresentatan__alreviewatSpitheadthethoughtwhicharoseinhismindwasnottheonewhichwehadintended.当英国__很不明智地允许德国皇帝出席在斯匹特海德港__的海军阅兵时,他脑子里出现的想法并不是我们想要他有的想法WhathethoughtwasImusth__eaN__yasgoodasGrand__m__s.他想的是“我一定要拥有一支同奶奶的海军一样好的海军”Andfromthisthoughth__esprungalloursubsequenttroubles.我们此后的一切麻烦都来自这个想法Theworldwouldbeahappierpla__thanitisifacquisitivenesswerealwaysstrongerthanrivalry.如果占有欲总是强于竞争欲的话,世界将是一个比现在更快乐的地方Butinfactagreat__nymenwillcheerfullyfa__impoverishmentiftheycantherebysecurecompleteruinfortheirrivals競爭對手.Hen__thepresentleveloftaxation.事实上,许多人会甘心情愿地面对贫困,只要这样做能导致对手的彻底毁灭因此有了现在的税制11-5Vanityisamotiveofimmensepotency.虚荣心是一个有着极大潜力的动机`AnyonewhohasmuchtodowithchildrenknowshowtheyareconstantlyperformingsomeanticandsayingLookatme.Lookatmeisoneofthemostfundamentaldesiresofthehu__nheart.任何一个常与孩子们打交道的人都知道,他们经常做个什么怪动作,然后说“看我的”“看我的”是人类内心最基本的欲望之一Itcantakeinnumerableformsfrombuffoonerytothepursuitofposthumousfame.它可以有无数表现形式,从插科打挥到追求死后的名声`TherewasaRenaissan__Italianprin__lingwhowasaskedbythepriestonhisdeathbedifhehadanythingtorepentof.意大利文艺复兴时期有个小王公,临死神父问他是否有什么要忏悔的Yeshesaid.Thereisonething.OnoneoccasionIhadavisitfromtheEmperorandthePopesimultaneously.同時,他说“有,有一件事有一次皇帝和教皇同时到我这里来访,ItookthemtothetopofmytowertoseetheviewandIneglectedtheopportunitytothrowthembothdownwhichwouldh__egivenmeimmortalfame.我把他们带到我的塔顶观赏景色,___利用这一机会把他俩从塔顶推下去,否则我将名垂青史”Historydoesnotrelatewhetherthepriestg__ehimabsolution.历史并未提到神父是否赦免了他Oneofthetroublesaboutvanityisthatitgrowswithwhatitfeedson.关于虚荣心有一个问题是,越是有鼓励它的东西,虚荣心就越强Themoreyouaretalkedaboutthemoreyouwillwishtobetalkedabout.人们越是谈论你,你就越希望被人们谈论Thecondemned被判刑murdererwhoisallowedtoseetheaccountofhistrialinthePressisindignant憤怒的ifhefindsanewspaperwhichhasreporteditinadequately不充分.一个被判了刑的杀人犯得获许阅读有关他的审判的报导,当他发现一家报纸对此报导不足,他会感到十分气愤Andthemorehefindsabouthimselfinothernewspapersthemoreindignanthewillbewiththosewhosereportsaremeagre.他在其他报纸上读到的有关自己的报导越多,对报导不够充分的报纸就越气愤Politiciansandliterarymenareinthesamecase.__家和文人也是如此Andthemorefamoustheybecomethemoredifficultthepresscuttingagencyfindsittosatisfythem.他们越有名气,剪报机构就感到越难满足他们`Itisscar__lypossibletoexaggeratetheinfluen__ofvanitythroughouttherangeofhu__nlifefromthechildofthreetothepotentateatwhosefrowntheworldtrembles.在人的一生中虚荣心影响之大怎么夸张也不过分从三岁小孩到皱皱眉头就震动天下的当权者无一例外`__nkindh__eevencommittedtheimpiety不尊敬的ofattributingsimilardesirestothedeitywhomtheyi__gine__idforcontinualpraise.人类甚至犯下不敬之罪,将类似的欲望也加在神明身上,认为他们也渴望得到不停的赞美11-6Butgreatasistheinfluen__ofthemotivesweh__ebeenconsideringthereisonewhichoutweighsthemall...虽然我们上面讨论的动机都有极大的影响,但还有一种动机却胜过它们……Powerlikevanityisinsatiable.同虚荣心一样,权力欲也是永远无法满足的,Nothingshortofomnipoten__couldsatisfyitcompletely.除非是无限权力,否则什么也不能使它完全满足Andasitisespeciallythevi__ofenergeticmenthecasualefficacyofloveofpowerisoutofallproportiontoitsfrequency.但事实上,特别是精力旺盛的人的恶习,权欲的偶尔实现与权欲的频繁滋生两者完全不成比例Itisindeedbyfarthestrongestmotiveinthelivesofimportantmen.这的确是大人物生活中最强烈的动机Loveofpowerisgreatlyincreasedbytheexperien__ofpowerandthisappliestopettypoweraswellastothatofpotentates.行使权力后更增加了对权力的爱,无论是芝麻小权还是国君大权,统统如此Inthehappydaysbefore1914whenwell-to-dola___scouldacquireahostofservantstheirpleasureinexercisingpoweroverthedomesticssteadilyincreasedwithage.在1914年以前的幸福日子里家境富裕的太太们可以雇上一群仆人,她们从对仆人行使的权力中得到的乐趣随着她们的年龄一起增长Similarlyinanyautocratic獨裁regimetheholdersofpowerbecomeincreasinglytyrannical殘暴withexperien__ofthedelightsthatpowercanafford.同样,在任何专制__中,掌权者由于权力赋予他的快乐而变得越来越专横Sin__poweroverhu__nbeingsisshownin__kingthemdowhattheywouldrathernotdo既然对人行使的权力体现在迫使他们做不情愿做的事情,the__nwhoisactuatedbyloveofpowerismoreapttoinflictpainthantopermitpleasure.被权欲驱使的人就更倾向于制造痛苦而不是允许人们得到快乐Ifyouaskyourbossforle__eofabsen__fromtheoffi__onsomelegiti__te合理的理由occasionhisloveofpowerwillderivemoresatisfactionfromrefusalthanfromconsent.如果你有合理的理由向老板请假,拒绝你比答应你更能满足他的权力欲Ifyourequireabuildingpermitthepettyofficialcon__rnedwillobviouslygetmorepleasurefromsayingNothanfromsayingYes.如果你申请建筑许可证,说“不”比说“行”显然使管事的小官员感到愉悦Itisthissortofthingwhich__kestheloveofpowersuchadangerousmotive.这使得对权利的喜爱成为一个危险的动机Butithasothersideswhicharemoredesirable.但它也有其他较为可取的方面ThepursuitofknowledgeisIthink__inlyactuatedbyloveofpower.Andsoarealladvan__sinscientifictechnique.我认为,对知识的追求主要是受权欲的驱使,于是就有了科学技术的进步Inpoliticsalsoareformer__yh__ejustasstrongaloveofpowerasadespot.在__上也是如此,__者可能与暴君有着同样强烈的权欲,Itwouldbeacompletemistaketodecry否定loveofpoweraltogetherasamotive.对权欲作为一个动机全盘否定是完全错误的Whetheryouwillbeledbythismotivetoactionswhichareusefulortoactionswhicharepernicious有害的dependsuponthesocialsystemanduponyourcapacities.这种动机引导你做出有益的行动还是有害的行动,取决于社会制度,以及你个人的能力11-7Icomenowtoothermotiveswhichthoughinasenselessfundamentalthanthoseweh__ebeenconsideringarestillofconsiderableimportan__.现在我来谈谈其他的动机,尽管在某种意义上说,它们没有我们已讨论过的动机那么重要,但仍具有相当的重要性Thefirstoftheseisloveofexcitement__.首先是追求__Hu__nbeingsshowtheirsuperiority優越tothebrutes畜生bytheircapacityforboredom厭倦thoughIh__esometimesthoughtinexaminingtheapes猿attheZoothattheyperhapsh__etherudimentsofthistiresomeemotion.人类优越于畜生之处表现在他们会感到厌倦,虽然在观察动物园的猿类时,我有时会想它们或许也有这种厌倦情绪的萌芽Howeverthat__ybeexperien__showsthatescapefromboredomisoneofthereallypowerfuldesiresofalmostallhu__nbeings.不管怎样,经验表明,摆脱厌倦是几乎所有的人真正的强烈欲望之一11-8Whenwhitemenfirsteffectcontactwithsomeunspoilt野蠻ra__ofs__agestheyofferthemallkindsofbenefitsfromthelightoftheGospeltopumpkinpie.当白人最初和某个在大自然中生活的野蛮民族产生接触时,他们向他们提供了各种恩惠,从福音书的教诲到南瓜饼Thesehowevermuchaswe__yregretitmosts__agesre__ivewithindifferen__.然而令我们深感遗憾,大多数野蛮人冷淡地接受下这一切Whattheyreallyvalueamongthegiftsthatwebringtothemisintoxicatingliquor我们带给他们的礼物中,他们真正看重的是醉人的烈酒,whichenablesthemforthefirsttimeintheirlivestoh__etheillusionforafewbriefmomentsthatitisbettertobealivethandead.這使他们平生第一次能产生片刻的幻觉,感到活着比死了好11-9RedIndianswhiletheywerestillunaffectedbywhitemenwould__oketheirpipesnotcalmlyaswedobutorgiastically狂歡的inhalingsodeeplythattheysankintoafaint.红种印第安人在还未受到白人影响时,抽他们自己的烟斗,不像我们这样平平静静地吸,而是放任地深深地吸,以致于昏了过去Andwhenexcitementbymeansofnicotinefailedapatrioticoratorwouldstirthemuptoattackanei___ouringtribewhichwouldgivethemalltheenjoymentthatweaccordingtoourtemperamentderivefromahorsera__oraGeneralElection.当尼古丁造成的__消逝后,一个爱国的演说家就会鼓动他们去攻击邻近的一个部落,这就会给他们带来快乐,就像我们(根据我们的不同性格)从赛马或大选中得到的这种快乐11-10WithcivilizedmenaswithprimitiveRedIndiantribesitisIthinkchieflyloveofexcitementwhich__kesthepopula__applaudwhenwarbreaksout;对文明人和原始的红种印第安人部落来说,我认为,主要是出于追求__才会使老百姓在战争爆发时鼓掌欢呼theemotionisexactlythesameasatafootball__tchalthoughtheresultsaresometimessomewhatmoreserious.这种感觉和看足球赛的感觉完全一样,尽管其结果有时要稍稍严重一些11-11Itisnotaltogethereasytodecidewhatistherootcauseoftheloveofexcitement.要确定追求__的根源不是件容易的事Iinclinetothinkthatourmental__ke-upisadaptedtothestagewhenmenlivedbyhunting.我倾向于认为我们的心理构成适应于人类靠狩猎为生的阶段Whena__nspentalongdaywithveryprimitiveweaponsinstalkingadeerwiththehopeofdinnerandwhenattheendoftheday当一个男子花了整整一天,使用十分原始的武器,跟踪一头鹿,希望它能成为一顿美餐hedraggedthecarcasetriumphantly成功的tohisc__ehesankdownincontentedwearinesswhilehiswifedressed剝皮andcookedthemeat.当他傍晚胜利地把死鹿拖回洞穴,心满意足地疲倦躺下,他的妻子收拾猎物,烧熟Hewassleepyandhisbonesachedandthe__ellofcookingfilledeverynookandcrannyofhisconsciousness.他昏昏欲睡,骨头酸痛,烧肉的香味充溢他意识的每个角落Atlastaftereatinghesankintodeepsleep.Insuchalifetherewasneithertimenorenergyforboredom.饱餐之后他沉沉地睡去在这样的生活中他既无时间又无精力去感到厌倦Butwhenhetooktoagricultureand__dehiswifedoallthehe__yworkinthefieldshehadtimetoreflectuponthevanityofhu__nlifetoinventmythologies神話andsystemsofphilosophyandtodreamofthelifehereafter來世inwhichhewouldperpetuallyhuntthewildboar野豬ofValhalla.但他开始从事于农业生产,让妻子干地里的一切重活以后,他便有时间去思考人生的空虚,去创__话和哲学体系,去梦想来世的生活,在那里他可以永远捕猎天堂的野猪11-12Ourmental__ke-upissuitedtoalifeofveryseverephysicallabour.我们的心理构成适合于重体力劳动的生活方式IusedwhenIwasyoungertotakemyholidayswalking.Iwouldcover25milesadayandwhentheeveningcameIhadnoneedofanythingtokeepmefromboredomsin__thedelightofsittingamplysuffi__d.当我年纪较轻的时候,假日里我总是徒步旅行,一天走25英里,到晚上不需要任何东西来帮我摆脱厌倦,因为坐下的喜悦已足够了Butmodernlifecannotbeconductedonthesephysicallystrenuousprinciples.但现代生活不能按这些需要艰苦体力的原则来进行Agreatdealofworkissedentary久坐的andmost__nualworkexercisesonlyafewspecializedmuscles:大量的工作是坐着干的,多数体力活儿只活动几块特定的肌肉WhenLondoncrowdsassembleinTrafalgarSquaretocheertotheecho聲明anannoun__mentthatthegover__enthasdecidedtoh__ethemkilledtheywouldnotdosoiftheyhadwalked25milesthatday.当伦敦人集中在特拉法加__上,长时间地高声欢呼__发表决定要他们去送死的声明时,如果那天他们步行走了25英里的话,他们就不会那样做了Thiscureforbellicosity好戰的ishoweverimpracticable不过这种医治好战症的办法是不现实的andifthehu__nra__istosurviveathingwhichisperhapsundesirable這不受歡迎的othermeansmustbefoundforsecuring安全aninno__ntoutletfortheunusedphysicalenergy未能消耗的體力thatprodu__sloveofexcitement.如果人类要生存下去一一也许这并不受欢迎——就必须找到其他的方式,以获得一条无害的途径,以发泄导致产生追求__的未能消耗的体力11-13Thisisa__tterwhichhasbeentoolittleconsideredbothbymoralistsandbysocialreformers.在这件事上,道德家和社会__家都考虑得太少了Thesocialreformersareoftheopinionthattheyh__emoreseriousthingstoconsider.社会__家们认为他们有更重要的事情要考虑Themoralistsontheotherhandareimmenselyimpressedwiththeseriousnessofallthepermittedoutletsoftheloveofexcitement;另一方面,道德家们强烈感到所有允许存在的、发泄追求__欲望的途径都十分令人担心theseriousnesshoweverintheirmindsisthatofSin.然而他们心目中担心的是罪恶Dan__hallscine__sthisageofjazzareallifwe__ybelieveourearsgatewaystoHellandweshouldbebetteremployedsittingathomecontemplatingoursins.舞厅,电影院,这个爵士乐时代,如果我们能相信自己的耳朵的话,都是通向地狱之门,我们最好坐在家里思过Ifindmyselfunabletobeinentireagreementwiththegr__emenwhoutterthesewarnings.我觉得自己无法完全同意发出这些警告的严肃的先生们Thedevilhas__nyformssomedesignedtode__ivetheyoungsomedesignedtode__ivetheoldandserious.魔鬼有着许多的形式,有的旨在欺骗青年,有的旨在欺骗年长和严肃的人`Ifitisthedevilthattemptstheyoungtoenjoythemselvesisitnotperhapsthesamepersonagethatpersuadestheoldtocondemntheirenjoyment如果是魔鬼引诱青年人享乐人生,难道不会是同一魔鬼在劝说老人谴责青年人的享乐吗?Andisnotcondemnationperhapsmerelyaformofexcitementappropriatetooldage谴责难道不会仅仅是适合于老年人的一种__的形式?Andisitnotperhapsadrugwhichlikeopiumhastobetakenincontinuallystrongerdosestoprodu__thedesiredeffect难道这不会是一种麻醉剂一一像__一样一一需要不断加大剂量以产生所需要的效果?Isitnottobefearedthatbeginningwiththewickednessofthecine__weshouldbeledstepbysteptocondemntheoppositepolitical_____dagoeswopsAsiaticsandinshorteverybodyex__ptthefellowmembersofourclub从谴责电影院的邪恶开始,我们会被一步步引导去谴责__党、南欧佬意大利佬、亚洲佬简而言之,除了自己俱乐部成员以外的所有人,这难道不让人害怕吗?Anditisfromjustsuchcondemnationswhenwidespreadthatwarspro__ed.Ineverheardofawarthatpro__ededfromdan__halls.正是这样的谴责散布开来以后,战争爆发我从来没有听到过哪个战争是从舞厅开始的11-14Whatisseriousaboutexcitementisthatso__nyofitsformsaredestructive.追求__的严重性在于它的许多形式是有破坏性的Itisdestructiveinthosewhocannotresistex__ss過度的inalcoholorgambling賭博.对那些__不住过度饮酒或赌博的人来说,它是有破坏性的Itisdestructivewhenittakestheformofmobviolen__.当它以暴民__的形式出现时,它是有破坏性的Andaboveallitisdestructivewhenitleadstowar.尤其当它引发战争时,它是有破坏性的Itissodeepaneedthatitwillfindharmfuloutletsofthiskindunlessinno__ntoutletsareathand.寻找__是如此强烈的需要,如果身边没有无害的途径,它便会找到这类有害的途径来发泄Therearesuchinno__ntoutletsatpresentinsportandinpoliticssolongasitiskeptinconstitutionalbounds.现在,只要在宪法容许的范围之内,有些无害的途径存在于体育运动和__活动中Butthesearenotsufficientespeciallyasthekindofpoliticsthatismostexcitingisalsothekindthatdoesmostharm.但这些还不够,特别是最有__性的__活动同样危害也最大11-15Civilizedlifehasgrownaltogethertootame驯化andifitistobestableitmustprovideharmlessoutletsfortheimpulseswhichourremotean__storssatisfiedinhunting.文明生活变得完全驯化了,如果要使之稳定,就必须为我们远祖从狩猎中得到满足的那种冲动提供无害的发泄途径InAustraliawherepeoplearefewandrabbitsare__nyIwatchedawholepopula__平民satisfyingtheprimitiveimpulse__intheprimitive__nnerbytheskilfulslaughter屠殺of__nythousandsofrabbits.在人少兔多的澳大利亚,我看见老百姓熟练地__了几千只兔子,他们用这种原始的方法来满足原始的冲动ButinLondonorNewYorkwherepeopleare__nyandrabbitsarefewsomeothermeansmustbefoundtogratifyprimitiveimpulse.但在伦敦或纽约,人多兔少,必须找到别的一些方式来满足原始的冲动Ithinkeverybigtownshouldcontainartificialwate___llsthatpeoplecoulddes__ndinveryfragilecanoes我认为每一个大城市都应该有人造瀑布,使人们能乘着不结实的独木舟从瀑布上冲下来andtheyshouldcontainbathingpoolsfullofmechanicalsharks.还应该有布满机械鲨鱼的游泳池,Anypersonsfoundadvocating鼓吹apreventivewarshouldbecondemnedtotwohoursadaywiththeseingeniousmonsters.一旦发现任何人鼓吹打一场先发制人的战争,就应判罰他每天和这些制作逼真的怪物共处两个小时LessonTwelveTheEverlastingWitness永恒的证据12-1Thethreewereeatingbreakfastontheterra__athousandandonefelicitousbirdsinthegardentrees.三个人正在阳台上吃早餐,花园里的树上有千百只欢唱的鸟儿InunsullieddampbrowncirclesofsoftearththerosesbloomedserenelyagainstthepinkMexicanwall.在未受污染的圆形花坛潮湿柔软的褐土上,映衬着粉色的墨西哥墙,玫瑰花安详地开放__riansbrother-in-lawreadtheEnglishpageasdedicated專注asani__littleboyreadingthefunnies玛丽安的妹夫在读报纸的英文专页,就像听话的小男孩在看滑稽连环画时那么专注,andTheresa__rianssisterchattedsoftlyandmerrily愉快地abouttheirnextweek-endholiday.玛丽安的妹妹特丽萨正在低声愉快地谈论下周末的假期Theresasbright__ilehadalwaysbeenher__rkandnowchildlessandwithahu__andbeyondwarageandalifebothorderedandgay快樂的itlookedasifthat__ilehadjustifieditself.特丽萨脸上欢快的笑容一直就是她的特征,现在她没有孩子,丈夫又已过了入伍的年龄,生活井井有条而且快乐,因此她的笑容看起来是有充分道理的12-2__rianopenedhermouthto____themwhatshehaddonethenightbeforeandthenshecloseditonbriochenowords.玛丽安张开嘴想告诉他们她前一天晚上做了什么,可是她咬了一口黄油点心把嘴闭上了,什么也没有说WhatshehaddonewastotryandfindthefilmagainthewarnewsreelinwhichshehadseenJerryherson.她前一天晚上做的就是试图重新找到那部电影,那部战争新闻短片,她在里面看到过她的__杰里OrhadsheseenhimTheyoughttobetoldthattheun__rtaintyhadnotbeenremovedbythistriptoMexico.可是她看到他了吗?应该告诉他们这次旅行并没有消除她心中的疑惑Buthernextandclearerthoughtwasthatthis__tterwasallherownandhadtobeaccomplishedwithouthelp.但接下来她有了更明确的想法,这件事是她自己的事,不需要别人来帮助她完成Eviden__ofthatwasherhu__andslettinghercomedownalone;丈夫让她独自一人到墨西哥就证明了这一点;thetriptoMexicowasforhertofindherselfgetbackonherfeetreturntohimhealed.这次来墨西哥就是为了让她弄清自己的处境,重新站起,抚平心灵的创伤后回到他身边12-3Thenightbeforethefirstnighthersisterandbrother-in-lawhadleftheraloneshehadgonetothedictionaryandgotthetwowordscineandguerra前一天晚上——她的妹妹和妹夫让她独自呆着的第一个晚上——她去查字典,找到电影和战争两个词,andcombiningthemwithaquestion__rkhadaskedthemoverandoveronthephonegoingdownthemoviehousesintheyellowsectionofthebook.然后将他们与疑问语气组合在一起,按着黄页__簿上列的电影院的__,一家接一家地打__Atoneoftheboxoffi__sagoldenMexicanvoi__toldherinperfectEnglishthatthewordshewantedwasnotcinebutnoticias.在其中的一家电影院的售票处一个洪亮的墨西哥声音用__的英语告诉她她想说的那个词不是电影而是新闻短片Shenowknewwhethercorrectlyornotthatthreepla__shadnewsreelsaboutthewar.不管正确与否,她现在知道有三个地方放映有关战争的新闻短片12-4TheOlimpiathedelPradoandtheCineMexico.Shefoundoutexactlywhereeachonewasonthe__pinherredguidebook.奥林匹亚电影院、普拉多电影院和墨西哥电影院在她的红色旅游指南上的地图里她找到了三个电影院的准确位置Forthat__ttershewoulddriveherselfandkeepthewholeeventwithinhercontrol.同样,她宁愿自己开车,将整个事情置于自己的控制中__ybethiswaswhyshehadbroughthercartoMexico.Sheknewthatherhu__andwhowasJerrysstepfatherandthereforeinvolvedmultifoldlyinhersufferingnotsinglyasarealfatherwouldh__ebeenhadlethergoawayfromhimonlybecausehersisterwasinMexico.也许这就是___她将自己的车开到墨西哥来的缘故她知道她丈夫(他是杰里的继父,因此是多方面地卷入她的痛苦之中,而不是像亲生父亲那样单一地牵连进来)之所以让她离开他到墨西哥来就是因为她的妹妹在这里Hewasalsoprettysureshewouldntbeabletoseethefilmthere.Butthatparthadnotworkedbecauseshehadntbeenabletoletitwork.他也很有把握在墨西哥她看不到那部电影但是这一问题上并未起作用,因为她没有让它起作用12-5Fivemonthsagoshehadthenoti__thatJerrywasmissinginaction.五个月前她接到通知,说杰里在战斗中失踪Twenty-and-a-halfyearsold.__岁零六个月Hisfatherhad___dearlyintheotherwar.他的父亲很早就死于另一场战争之中Jerrywasseventhenandshehadhadto__nagehimalonehadsometimesfailedhimhadsometimesbeenburdenedtoogreatlybutshehadalwayslovedhim.杰里当时只有七岁,她不得不独自照顾他,她曾经让杰里失望过,也曾经觉得自己负担过重,但她一直很爱他Shehad__rriedagainwhenhewasseventeenbutthishadnotgivenhimaretroactivefatherforthetwelve-thirteen-fourteen-year-oldtimesofcrisis.当杰里17岁时她再婚了,但这并没有为他带来一个能倒回去重新对他在
12、13和14岁转折时刻给予影响的爸爸Sohewasnotreadyforthearmywhenhehadtogo.所以当不得不入伍时,他毫无准备Hehadbeenmixedupandscared.他感到迷茫和恐惧Andinsixmonthshewasmissinginaction.六个月后他在战斗中下落不明12-6Shecouldhardlyremembernowwhathappenedtoherrightafterthenotification.她几乎记不清在刚刚接到通知时她是怎么样的了Night__resoflookingforhimoverhillsoftherubbleddyingfindingthehandtogiveitwarmthreachingtothewrist;andthenthesweatofterrorwhichbroughtherbacktowhatshesupposedmustbereality.噩梦中她在满是碎石的山坡上找到他,他就快要死了,她摸到他的手给他温暖,触摸他的手腕;恐惧的汗水将她带回她猜想可能是现实的那个地方12-7Itwaslikethatuntilshesawthepicturethefirsttime.一直到第一次看到那电影之前她一直都是这样Theywenttothemoviesfairlyoften.他们经常去看电影Herhu__andalwaysknewwhattheyweregoingtoseeaskedthetimescarefullygottothe__inpictureand__oidednewsreels.她的丈夫对于他们将要看什么总是很清楚,仔细地问好时间,去看正片而不看新闻短片On__twoindolentpeopleintheseatsnexttotheirsdelayedthemandthenewsreelstarted.一次坐在他们旁边的两个懒人让他们耽搁了一会儿,新闻短片开始了Fromthebeginningitwasaboutthewar.Shesatdownagainherhandsrightinherlap.一开始就是关于战争的,她又坐下来,她的手就放在膝盖上`Herhu__andwaslosttoher.Shewasalone.Theywereshowingthefinestnewweaponsgrandshiningandbuiltperfectlyfordeath.对她来说,丈夫已经不存在了,她是独自一人他们在展示最好的新式武器,威风凛凛,闪闪发光,专门为死亡而制造的Herhandsandherneckbegantosweat.Butsheknewthatnoemotionwaspertinent.她的手和脖子开始流汗,但她知道任何一种感情都难以描述她此时的心情12-8Andthensomesol___rboyscameonthescreen.Theywereprisonersofwar.Someonehadgotachan__totaketheirpicturesataprison-compoundgate.接着银幕上出现了一些士兵,他们是战俘有人得到机会在监狱大门处将他们拍摄下来TheywerethinyoungsickAmericansol___rsmovingbemused.他们是些茫然__着的削瘦的、生病的年轻美国士兵Shefeltherbloodprickingalonghertemples太陽穴andtherewaspressureinherchestbelowthehollow.她觉得血涌向太阳穴刺痛了她,胸口凹处往下闷得慌Jerrycouldbethere.Sostrongahopemustplaydelayinggames.Hewasnotthere.杰里有可能在那里这样强烈的希望一定会起到推延他出现的作用他不在那里12-9Hewasthere.Oneboystoodwithhisbacktothecameraleaningstoopedagainstagatelintelandonthefingerofthehandthatheldtheposttherewasaringsherecognized.他在那里一个男孩子背对着摄像机站着,弯身靠着大门的门楣,抓着门柱的手上戴着一枚她熟悉的戒指Therewouldntbeanotherlikeit.Shehadhadit__deforJerrysfather.不可能还有另外一个戒指和它是一样的,她特意为杰里的父亲定做的戒指Theboywithhisbacktothecamerabegantostraightenup;hewasturning.Butthepicturewasover.背冲着摄像机的那个男青年直起身来;他就要转身了但是电影结束了12-10Thenextwasaroll-skatingra__.Shegotoutoftheseatstillunconsciousofherhu__andandwenttothela___sroomwhereshevomited嘔吐andthenimmediatelyinarenewalofenergywasfullofplans.接下来是旱冰比赛她离开座位,还是没有意识到丈夫的存在,她来到洗手间吐了起来,接着,她的精力马上就恢复了,脑子里充满了计划12-11Herhu__andwentwithherthreetimestoseethefilmandafterthataskedhertopromisenottogoanymore.她丈夫陪她看了三次那场电影,然后让她保证不再去看了She__dethepromisebutshecouldnotkeepit.她许诺不再去了,但她无法实现她的诺言Thefirsttimeshesawthepicturealoneshewassuretherewasmoreactiononlyaflickingmotionbutmore.她第一次独自一人去看那部电影时,她确信下面还有动作,只是一闪的动作,但还有Thatwashopeandshehadtofeedit.这是希望,她不能不助长它12-12Shefollowedthefilmtoeverybookingintownsecondruninthesuburbsinthedrive-ins.她跟着这部电影,电影演到哪里,她就跟到哪里,甚至是第二轮在郊区和露天汽车影院上演Sometimesshestayedafterwardstoseetheroller-skatingqueens.Sometimesshecameoutquicklyle__ingherboysbehindinthedark.SheknewthemallandtheywereJerrysfriends.有时她会多待一会看旱冰皇后有时她很快就出来,把她的孩子们留在黑暗中ShethoughttheyweretalkingtohimWhydontyouturnaroundkidWeaintgoingtoplayuptothisandgrinfromeartoearto__keoutwerewelloff過得很好butyoubetteratleastturnaround.Yourmothermightbegladtoseeyou.她知道他们中的所有人,他们是杰里的朋友她想他们在同他说话,“___不转过去?我们不想顺着他们的心意咧开嘴大笑来证明我们过得很好,但你至少应该转过去你的母亲见到你会很高兴”Hewasobstinate倔強的ashealwayshadbeenandalittleslowbuthehadbeengettingreadytoturn.Noshewassurehehadturned.他还是像以前那么固执,还有点迟缓,但是他已经准备要转过身来不,她确定他已经转过来了12-13Andhowcouldsheh__ei__ginedthatMexicowouldbeanydifferentTheOlimpiathedelPradoandtheCineMexico.她怎么能想像出在墨西哥会有什么不同?奥林匹亚电影院,普拉多电影院和墨西哥电影院Noneofthemfirst-runsoitwaspossible.这些影院都不是首轮放映,所以有可能Shewantedtoaskherbrother-in-lawbehindhisnewspaperwhattheydidtoAmericannewsreelsherecutthemmoreButtheriskwastoomuch.Theymightlietoherorinsomeotherwaytokeepherfromgoing.她想问问报纸后面她妹夫这里是如何对待美国新闻短片的,删剪很多吗?但是这样太冒险了他们有可能对她说谎或是用其他的方法阻止她去12-14Whenshearrivedafortnightbeforeshehadaskedhersistertogiveheradutyinthehouse.两星期前她到这里时,她要她的妹妹分配给她一些家务做`SoTheresag__ehertheflowerstoarrange.Thehousewasnotfarfromtheflower__rket.__rianhadgonethereeveryfewdays.于是特丽萨让她帮忙摆花房子离花市并不远,玛丽安每隔几天就去一次UptonowTheresawentwithherordroppedherandpickedherup.Todayshewouldgoinherowncarshetoldthem.到目前为止都是玛丽安陪她一起去,或送她过去再把她接回来今天她要自己开车去,她对他们说`12-15Areyousureyouknowtheway__rian“你确信你知道路吗,玛丽安?”12-16OfcourseIknowitperfectly.Hervoi__wassensibleandsecure.“当然,我对这路熟得很”她的声音理智而且有把握12-17Butshedalliedfirstontheterra__andthenonthewayacrossthepark.Thiswastheday.Butwhatday但是她磨磨蹭蹭,先是在阳台上,然后在去公园的路上今天就是那个日子可是是什么日子呢?12-18Nowstoppedbytheroadintheparkshedecidedcategoricallythatifshefoundhimfoundthepicturehereandnowshewouldknowhewasaliveandshewouldsimply__kewaitingwo__nlyandrational.耐心而又理智的.现在,她将车停在路边,她断然决定如果她能找到他,现在在这里找到那部电影,她就能知道他还活着,那么她就会耐心理智地等他回来AndifshedidnotseeitinthedelPradoOlimpiaorCineMexicothenshewouldsayhewasdead.如果她没有在普拉多电影院,奥林匹亚电影院和墨西哥电影院找到这部电影,她就会认为他已经死了Becausewarisdeathorlife.Thelinemustbedrawnandifitwasondeathssidethenherheartwouldh__etobreakandshewouldh__etogobacktolifegetbacktoherhu__and.Itwasadecision.Theun__rtaintywasatlastbehindher.因为战争不是死就是活必须划出界限来,如果杰里死了,她会很心碎,可还要重新回到原来的生活,回到丈夫的身边这是一个决定她不再犹豫不定了12-19Attheflower__rketshewalkedupandclowninfrontofthestallsandsawmoreclearlybecauseofherdecisionsoshethought.在花市她在花亭前转来转去,由于她的决定她看得愈发的清楚了,她是这样想的Shelookedattheflowers.Shelookedatthepeople.Therewasafamilyatthefartheststand.她看着花,她看着人们在最远处的花亭有一家人`Thewo__nsfa__wassad.Butherhandswerebeautiful.Shewasnursingababy.女人的脸上很忧郁,但是她的手很美她在给孩子喂奶__rianwantednograndflowersonlythesoftandtouchable.玛丽安不想买华丽的花,只想要色泽柔和可以触摸的花Sheboughtabigwheelofredcarnationsandsomelittlegentle-petalledprimroseswithshinyclarkgreenle__es.她买了一个康乃的大花环和一些花瓣柔美并带着闪亮的暗绿色叶子的樱草花Shewasloadedclownbeyondthevasesoreventhepla__sforflowersinhersistershouse.她买的花多得不但是花瓶里,就是她妹妹家所有可以放花的地方都装不下Sheturnedawayatlastandranheadonintothe__nwhoopenedcardoors.最后她转过身,迎面撞在一个给她开车门的男人的身上12-20Hehadashakingsicknessandhisfa__lookedoldandbloatedanditsmuscleswerejerking.他有颤抖的毛病,他的脸显得很苍老、浮肿,肌肉在不停地抽搐Heseemedtorecognizeheralthoughhelookedallofanidiot.尽管他看上去就像十足的__,他似乎还是认出她来Heputteredtohercarandfumbledforhercardoor.他笨手笨脚地走向她的车,摸索着她的车门12-21Noshesaidsharplyandshudderedbecauseshecouldnotstandthetouchofhishandonherdoor.“不,”她严厉地说,她战栗起来,因为她无法忍受他的手碰她的车门`Thensheturnedbacknotknowingexactlywhy____ingherselfthatitwasbecausetocarrythatloadofflowersandle__etheminaparkedcarforpossiblysomehourswasabsurd.可笑的接着她不知道___转了回来,她告诉自己这是因为拿这么一大把花并把它们放在车里大约好几个小时很可笑Standinginfrontoftheflower-standwo__nsheknewshewouldnoth__etoexplainthatshewantedtole__ethem.站在花亭的那个女人面前,她知道她无需解释___她要把花放在这里Thewo__naskedherhu__andtotaketheflowersandputthembehindthestand.那个女人让她的丈夫接过花,放在亭子的后面12-22SonowshewasgoingtothedelPrado.Nowshecouldgowhateverwastheneedforbuyingflowerstakencareof.Shebanged重擊thecardooranddroveaway.现在她要去普拉多电影院不管___要买花,花已经买好了,现在她可以走了她将车门关上,把车开走了12-23Downtownsheparkedhercarinagarage.在市中心她将车停在停车场Everythingwasgettingreadyforthismoment.一切都在为这一刻做准备Shedidnotcarrytheflowersinhercarbutshecarriedtheminherheart.她没有将花放在车里带来,但她把它们放在心里带来了Nowshewasgoingtofindoutwhetheritwasdeathorlife.现在她要去看看杰里到底是生还是死Eithershecouldtolerate.Itdidnotoccurtoherthatthenewsreelmightnotbethere.无论是生还是死她都能忍受她从未想过也许那里并不上演新闻短片12-24Itwasthere.那里上演12-25ShecameinthemiddleofaFrenchcostumepicture.她进来时正在演一个法国古装戏,TheFrenchwordswerefinelyenunciated.法语说得非常清晰,AFrenchgentle__nintophatandcanesangsomethingwhichendedthepicture.一位带礼帽拿着手杖的法国绅士唱了些什么结束了电影Thenthetheatrewasdark.Therewasthejerkingflickerofareelstartingandstoppingconglomerateunhu__nfiguresandmotionwhistlesfromtheau___n__.接着剧院暗下来,一盘胶片开开停停的一颤一颤的闪着光,密集在一起的不像人的轮廓和动作,观众中传来口哨声`Itstarted.Shesawthewordnoticias.电影开始了,她看见新闻短片这个词`12-26Shewasburninghotfromheadtofoot.Theprisonersofwars__neopenedthenewsreel.她从头到脚都在发烧新闻短片一开头就是战俘的画面,Heretheyhadomittedthecannons.这里他们删掉了大炮Theboyswerebeforehereyes.她的眼前出现了那些男青年们,Shehadnotdoubtedshewasgoingtoseethembutthisdidnotkeepherfrombeingfrightened.她知道她会看到他们,但这还是让她感到恐惧12-27Shehadlongagogiventheboysnames.她很久以前就给他们起了名字Chriswasaslenderblondwhowaswhittlingaway.Hestoodthereallduringthepicture.那个身材削瘦,金发碧眼的男青年叫克里斯,他一直在不停地削木头整个片子中他一直都在那里“Ilovehimwithallmyheartshewhisperedtoherselfformingthewordsto__kethemsolid.我全心全意地爱他,”她自言自语说,试图用言语使他们实实在在地存在SheknewshelovedChristhatmuchbecauseofherpent-uploveandterrorforJerry.她知道她这样地爱克里斯是来自于她被抑制住的对杰里的爱和对杰里的担心)Shelookedsidewaystotherightbutwithoutshiftingherhead.她没有动头,眼睛向右侧看去NowitwasWalteronthescreendearWalterwithadeepstubbleonhisfa__andascarfwrappedaroundhisneck.现在银幕上是华尔特,亲爱的华尔特脸上的胡子很长,脖子上围着条围巾Hehasacoldshethought.Whyshehadneverthoughtitbeforeshewondered.“他感冒了,”她想她奇怪自己___以前没有想到这点Sherememberedfasterthanlightning__nyacold-remedyincludingsteamingeucalyptusoil.她的脑海里飞速地闪过许多治疗感冒的方法,包括滚烫的桉树油Jerryhadalwayshadcoldswhenhewaslittleandthathadworkedthebest.杰里小时候总是容易感冒,而这种方法很有效She__elledeucalyptus.The__ellwasabarriershewasholdingontotokeepthemoviefromgoingahead.她闻到了桉树油的味道这味道就是她紧紧依靠的屏障,好使电影不再进行下去Andshe__nagedtokeepitback.ButallthesameitdidcometotheboywhomightbeJerry.她设法阻止电影继续演下去,但电影还是到了有可能是杰里的那个男青年那儿12-28Therewasthehandonthegatepostandthering.银幕上出现了那只放在柱子上的手和戒指Thehandlookedchappedandwizenednotaboys.那手看上去粗糙干瘪,不像是个男孩的手Theboytowhomitbelongedbegantoturn.手的主人开始转身Hereyesblinkedwaitingfortheendanxiously.她眨了眨眼睛,焦急地等待着结果Heturnedfartherround.WithhereyesrivetedonhimshecouldstillseeChrisintheback.他继续转身她两眼紧盯着他,但她仍然能看到后面的克里斯Thefa__oftheboywhoturnednowfillingthecamerau__ercifully無情地fillingthescreenwasJerrysfa__butitwasblankasemptyasanidiots.转过身的那个男孩的脸,填满了整个镜头,无情地填满了整个银幕,那是杰里的脸,但是这张脸上没有任何表情,像一个__的脸一样空白Hegri____dwithhismouthandthehandwiththeringwasliftedtocatchthetwitchingtryingtoholdit.Hiseyeswerefocusedstraightoutandhismotherdrownedinthosevacanteyes.他的嘴扭曲着露出一副怪相,戴着戒指的手举起来去抓住脸上抽搐的肌肉,想使它停止抽搐他的双眼直愣愣地看着前方,他的母亲被淹没在那双茫然没有表情的眼睛里12-29Therewasanindrawnbreathofhorrorfromtheau___n__andthentheanxiousandeverlastingtitter.观众里传来因恐怖而倒吸气的声音,然后便是一直不停的不安的窃笑声And__rianheardeverything.Shesaweverything.Awo__nhadbeenplucking扯athermouth.玛丽安什么都听到了她什么都看到了一个女人一直在扯自己的嘴Sheandthena__ntookhergentlyarm-in-armandbroughtheroutintothelight.她,接着是一个男人,轻轻地挽起她的手臂,把她领到外面12-30Please__damtowhere__ywetakeyouAreyouinthishotel“__,请问,我们该把您送到什么地方去呢?您住在这家旅馆吗”12-31Sheshookherheadunableyettospeak.她摇摇头,说不出话来12-32__yInotcalladoctor“我给您请位大夫好吗12-33Nono.Sheknewnowshewouldbeabletotakecareofherself.“不,不用了”她知道她现在可以照顾自己了Shewantedtodrivehercarinmotionandtensiontofindrest.她想开自己的车,在走动和紧张中得到安宁Sheg__ethemtheparkingtag.On__shelookedatthemwhiletheywereallwaitingforthecarandshesawshewouldalwaysandforeverknowthemandbeknownbythem.她把她的停车牌给了他们当他们都在等着车子开过来时她看了他们一眼,她知道她会永远记住他们,并且他们也会记住她12-34__damisitforyoutodriveallrightHesaidthedoubleIagainsttherasifitwereacaressthatoneknownstrangerwaspermittedtogiveanother.“__,您开车能行吗?”他说话是两个“l”的音在“r”音的前面,就像两个相知的陌生人可以相互给予的爱抚12-35YesshesaidandGoodbyeandthanks.Forthefirsttimeshefeltlikecrying;itwasbecauseshehadtosaygoodbyetothem.“可以,”她说,“再见,谢谢”第一次她感到想哭;因为她不得不跟他们说再见12-36Shedroveouttotheparkandaroundforawhile.Andthensheknewshemustgotoapla__.Shehadnopla__togoex__pttheflowerstands.她开车来到公园,在周围转了一会接着她知道她必须去一个地方除了花亭,她无处可去Shehad__rkedthatforreturnandshemustreturntoit.她已经把那里定为回归的地方,她必须回去12-37Rightinfrontofaparkingpla__attheflower__rkettheopenerandcloserofdoorstheidiotsatonthecurbwithhiskneesdoubledoverintothegutter.水槽wassleeping在花市的停车场前面,那个开关车门的人,那个__,坐在马路牙子上,双腿弯曲伸进路沟里hisheadthrownbackagainstatelephonepole.Hishandswerethrowndownonthe__ment水泥hesidewalknolongertremblingbutabandoned.他在睡觉,他的头后仰靠在电线杆上他的双手耷拉在水泥人行道上,不在颤抖了,而是听任着他们耷拉在那里Norwashisheadtremblingandshaking.Hisfa__asleepwasbeautiful.Hewasnotoldnonotoldnorbloated浮腫hehadthoughthimbutthinanddefen__lessasthesleepingyoungarebeautifulandanidiot.他的头也不再颤抖摇晃了他熟睡的脸很美他不老,不,不像她原来把他想象得那样苍老浮肿,而是一个瘦削的、像熟睡的孩子那样无助的__,一个面容娇好的__
1.dedicatedpara.1__全副精神的;热忱的;献身于工作的该词的动词dedicate和介词to构成词组,相当于devoteto表示“致力于;献身于”e.g.Thedoctordedicated/devotedhislifetofindingacure.这位医生奉献了一生,致力于寻求治疗的方法另外,dedicateto有devoteto没有的另一种意思“题献给某人”e.g.Hededicatedhisfirstbooktohismother.他把第一本书献给她母亲
2.ononesfeetpara.2病愈;复原;经历困境后恢复e.g.
①Shewasonherfeetafteroperation.手术后她复原了
②getacompanyonitsfeet使公司重新站住脚
3.playuptopara.12投……所好,迎合e.g.playuptotheboss讨好上司playupto与playup不同,后者表示“渲染,宣扬”
4.loadpara.19使负重荷,使受重压市政会把沉重的赋税压在市民身上注意load和burden的区别虽然burben也可表示“使负重,加负荷于”,但它没有load所具有的“装货”和“大量给予”等意思e.g.
①loadcargoes装货
②load__.withhonours给某人以许多荣誉
5.holdontopara.27紧紧抓住,握住不放过街时你要抓紧我的手该词组还可以表示“坚持原则、计划等”e.g.Youshouldholdontoyouroriginalplan.你应坚持你当初的计划
6.gri____para.28表示痛苦、厌恶、不以为然、自鸣得意等做怪相,做鬼脸;面部扭曲__keafa__或fa__s也表示“做鬼脸”,但是由于厌恶、轻蔑、嘲笑而做鬼脸,gri____由于痛苦而面部扭曲这种意思用得较多
7.pluckatpara.29拉,拽;拔;扯e.g.
①Hepluckedathistrouserkneesandsatdown.他拉拉裤膝,坐了下来
②Roughhandspluckedatmyjacket.一双粗糙的手拽着我的上衣LessonThirteenSelectedSnobberies势利种种阿尔多斯赫胥黎LessonThirteenSelectedSnobberies13-1Allmenaresnobsaboutsomething.Oneisalmosttemptedtoadd:Thereisnothingaboutwhichmencannotfeelsnobbish.人人都有势利之处人们几乎很想加一句任何东西都可引起人们的势利感Butthiswoulddoubtlessbeanexaggeration夸張.不过这一点无疑会是一种夸张Thereare__rtaindisfiguring毀容andmortal致命diseasesaboutwhichtherehasprobablyneverbeenanysnobbery.也许对某些毁容或致命的疾病从来没有使人感到势利,Icannoti__gineforexameplethatthereareanyleprosy-snobs.例如我无法想像会有麻风病势利者Morepicturesquediseasesevenwhentheyaredangerousandlessdangerousdiseasesparticularlywhentheyarethediseasesoftherichcanbeandveryfrequentlyareasour__ofsnobbishself-importan__.一些纵使有危险但较为别致的疾病,以及不太危险的病,特别是富人爱得的病,能够并常常是使人感到势利、自以为了不起的根源Ih__emetseveraladoles__ntconsumption-snobswhothoughtthatitwouldbero__ntictofadeawayintheflowerofyouthlikeKeatsor__rieBashkirtseff.Alas我遇见过好几位因患肺结核而有势利感的年轻人,他们觉得很像济慈或玛丽巴什基尔采夫那样在青春妙龄时死去是很浪漫的一件事thefinalstagesoftheconsumptivefadingaregenerallyagooddeallessro__nticthantheseingenuousyoungtubercle-snobsseemtoi__gine.哎呀,结核病晚期通常远远不像这些天真的年轻结核势利者想像得那么浪漫Toanyonewhohasactuallywitnessedthesefinalstagesthecompla__ntpoeticizingsoftheseadoles__ntsmustseemasexasperating惱怒astheyareprofoundlypathetic(可憐).Inthecaseofthosecommonerdisease-snobswhoseclaimtodistinctionisthattheysufferfromoneofthe__la___softherichexasperation惱怒isnottemperedbyverymuchsympathy. 对任何一个亲眼目睹过晚期状态的人,这些少年的自我满足的浪漫诗情必定会显得既令人恼怒又深觉可怜至于那些较常见疾病的势利者,由于得的是有钱人易得的病而自称与众不同,对他便没有多少同情来减少恼怒了Peoplewhopossesssufficientleisuresufficientwealthnottomentionsufficienthealthtogotr__ellingfromspatospa.fromdoctortofashionabledoctorinsearchofcuresfromproble__ticaldiseaseswhichinsofarastheyexistatall.probablyh__etheirsour__inovereatingcannotexpectustobe.veryl__ish慷慨的inoursolicitudeandpity.拥有充足的闲暇,充足的财富,更别说充足的健康的人们从一个矿泉疗养地旅行到又一个矿泉疗养地,从一个医生那里到又一个时髦的医生处去寻求对那些很难说是否存在的疾病的治疗(如果真有什么病的话,可能病因是吃得太多了),他们不可能指望我们会对他们慷慨地表示关怀和同情13-2Disease-snobberyisonlyoneoutofagreatmultitudeofsnobberiesofwhichnowsomenowotherstakeprideofpla__ingeneralesteem.因疾病而生之势利仅是众多的势利中的一种,在这众多的势利中,有时有这样或那样的势利在人们心目中独尊其位,Forsnobberiesebbandflow;theirempirerisesdeclinesandfallsinthemostapprovedhistorical__nner.因为势利也有盛衰消长,他们的帝国也以最为公认的历史方式兴盛、衰落、消亡Whatweregoodsnobberiesahundredyearsagoarenowoutoffashion.一百年以前的好势利感现在已经过时了,Thusthesnobberyoffamilyiseverywhereonthedecline.因此,家庭出身的势利感在各地都在衰落之中,Thesnobberyofculturestillstronghasnowtowrestlewithanorganizedandactivelow-browi__大老粗主義withasnobberyofignoran__無知andstupidityunique獨一無二sofarasIknowinthewholeofhistory…仍在盛行的文化势利感现在必须和有组织的、活跃的大老粗主义,以及就我所知在整个历史上独一无二的无知愚昧势利力量去拼搏Hardlylesscharacteristicofourageisthatrepulsive排拆booze-snobbery狂飲bornofAmericanProhibition.几乎同样反映了我们时代特征的是那令人厌恶的产生与美国禁酒时期的对狂饮的势利感The__leficinfluen__softhissnobberyarerapidlyspreadingallovertheworld.这种势利的有害影响正迅速扩散到全世界EveninFran__wheretheexisten__ofso__nyvarietiesofdeliciouswinehadhitherto(訖今為止)imposedajudiciousconnoisseurship鑒賞家andhasledtothebrandingofmeredrinkingasabrutishsoleci__而把喝烈酒視為粗野的行為eveninFran__theAmericanbooze-snobberywithitsodious可憎的accompanimentsatasteforharddrinksingeneralandforcocktailsinparticularis__kingheadwayamongtherich.即使在法国,由于有这样多不同种类的葡萄美酒,一直使品酒时极有鉴赏力,而把喝烈酒视为粗野的失礼行为;即使在法国,美国的狂饮势利感及其伴随而来的可憎的爱好——通常喜欢喝烈酒,特别是爱喝鸡尾酒——在有钱人中大有进展Boozesnobberyhasnow__deitsociallypermissibleandinsomecircles圈子evenrathercreditable讚賞forwell-brought-upmenandthisisthenovelty新鮮的well-broughtupwomenofallagesfromfifteentoseventytobeseendrunkifnotinpublicatleastintheverymuchtemperedprivacyofa_____.由于这一势利感,有教养的男子和(这一点很新鲜)从15岁到70岁之间的一切年龄的有教养的妇女,如果还不能在大庭广众之下至少在相当公开的社交聚会上在众目睽睽下喝醉酒是为社会允许的,而且在某些圈子里还是相当受赞赏的事13-3Modernitysnobberythoughnotexclusivetoouragehascometoassumeanunpre__dentedimportan__.新潮势利感虽然不是我们的时代所特有的,却具有了空前的重要性,Thereasonsforthisare______andofastrictlyeconomiccharacter.理由很简单,而且完全是经济上的Thankstomodern__chineryproductionisoutrunningconsumption.多亏有了现代化的机器,使生产超过了消费Organizedwasteamongconsumersisthefirstconditionofourindustrialrosperity繁榮.消费者有组织的浪费是我们工业繁荣的首要条件Thesooneraconsumerthrowsawaytheo__ecthehasboughtandbuysanotherthebetterfortheprodu__r.消费者越快扔掉买来的东西再买新的,对生产者就越有利Atthesametimeofcoursetheprodu__rmustdohisbitbyproducingnothingbutthemostperishablearticles当然,与此同时,生产者必须尽一己之力,只生产最易损坏的东西The__nwhobuildsaskyscrapertolastmorethanfortyyearsisatraitortothebuildingtrade.ThewordsarethoseofagreatAmericancontractor.“把一座摩天大楼建造得可以耐用40年以上的人是建筑行业的叛徒”这是美国一个大承包商说的话Substitutemotor-carbootsuitofclothesetc.forskyscraperandoneyear;threemonthssixmonthsandsoonforfortyyearsandyouh__ethegospel信條ofanyleaderofanymodernindustry如果用汽车、靴子、一套衣服等等来代替摩天大楼,用1年、3个月、6个月等等来代替40年,你得出的就是任何现代工业所有的__信条Themodernity-snob新潮勢力itisobviousisthisindustrialists實業家bestfriend.很明显,新潮势利感是这位实业家最好的朋友,`Formodernity-snobsnaturallytendtothrowawaytheiroldpossessionsandbuynewonesatagreaterratethanthosewhoarenotmodernity-snobs.因为新潮势利者自然会比无此势利感的人更快地抛弃他们所拥有的旧东西并__新东西Thereforeitisintheprodu__rsinteresttoencouragemodernity-snobbery.Whichinfacthedoesdoonanenormousscaleandtothetuneofmillionsandmillionsayearbymeansofadvertising.因此鼓励新潮势利感是对生产者有利的,而实际上他也是这样做的,以一年成百上千万的金钱大规模进行__宣传Thenewspapersdotheirbesttohelpthosewhohelpthem;andtothefloodofadvertisementisaddedafloodoflessdirectlypaid-forpropagandainf__ourofmodernity-snobbery.报纸也尽一切力量帮助那些帮助它们的人们,在洪水般的__之外再加上洪水般的不那么直接花钱去做的有利于新潮势利感的宣传Thepublicistaughtthatup-to-dateness保持時尚isoneofthefirstdutiesof__n.公众被教育说保持时尚是人类首要的职责之一,Docileitac__ptsthereiteratedsuggestion.驯服的公众接受了这个一再被重申的启事Weareallmodernity-snobsnow.现在我们全都成了新潮势利者了13-4Mostofusarealsoart-snobs.Therearetwovarietiesofart-snobberytheplatonicandtheunplatonic.我们中多数人也是艺术势利者,这种势利感有两类,一是纯精神的,另一类则与之相反Platonicart-snobsmerelytakeaninterestinart.纯精神的艺术势利者只是对艺术“感兴趣”,Unplatonicart-snobsgofurtherandactuallybuyart.非精神的则进一步而且真的__艺术,Unplatonicart-snobberyisahybridormule;这种势利感是一种杂交品种或者说是一头骡子,foritissimultaneously同時的asub-speciesofculture-snobberyandofpossession-snobbery.因为它同时是文化势利感和财产势利感的亚种,Acollectionofworksofartisacollectionofculturesymbolsand:culture-symbolsstillcarrysocialprestige聲望.Itisalsoacollectionofwealth-symbols收集艺术作品就是收集文化象征,而文化象征则仍意味着社会声望它又是财富象征的收集,foranartcollectioncanrepresentmoneymoreeffectivelythanawholefleetofmotor-cars.因为艺术收藏比一整队汽车更能有效地代表金钱13-5Thevalueofart-snobberytolivingartistsisconsiderable.艺术势利感对活着的艺术家具有极大的价值Truemostartsnobscollectonlytheworksofthedead;foranOld__sterisboth.asaferinvestmentandaholierculture-symbol.thanaliving__ster.的确,多数艺术势利者只收集已故的艺术家的作品,因为古代艺术__比起活着的__来既是安全的投资又是较神圣的文化象征Butsomeart-snobsarealsomodernity-snobs.Thereareenoughofthemwiththefewec__ntrics古怪的人wholikeworksofartfortheirownsake喜愛toprovidelivingartistswiththemeansofsubsisten__.但某些艺术势利者同时也是新潮势利者,他们这些人再加上少数出于对艺术品本身的喜爱而买画的怪人,足以使活着的艺术家获得必需的生活资料13-6Thevalueofsnobberyingeneralitshu__nisticpointconsistsinitspowertostimulateactivity.总的来说,势利感的价值,即它与人相关的意义在于它有能__行动的能力Asocietywithplentyofsnobberiesislikeadogwithplentyoffleas:itisnotlikelytobecomeco__tose昏睡狀態一个有许多种势利感的社会就像一只有许多跳蚤的狗,它不太可能变得麻木倦惰Everysnobberyde__ndsofitsdevoteesun__asingeffortsasuc__ssionofsacrifi__s.每种势利感都要求其信徒作出不懈的努力,一个接一个的牺牲Thesociety-snobmustbeperpetuallylion-hunting;对社会地位,势利者必须不停地巴结社会名流,themodernity-snobcanneverrestfromtryingtobeup-to-date.新潮势利者永远不可能停止追求时尚,SwissdoctorsandtheBestthathasbeenthoughtorsaidmustbe-thedailyandnightlypreoccupationofallthesnobsrespectivelyofdiseaseandculture.疾病或文化势利者各自朝思暮想的必定是瑞士医生或人们被称作是最好的一切13-7Ifweregardactivityasbeinginitselfagoodthenwemustcountallsnobberiesasgood;forallprovokeactivity.如果我们把行动本身看作是好事,那么我们必须把一切势利感当作好事,因为它们全都能引起行动IfwiththeBuddhistsweregardallactivityinthisworldofillusionasbadthenweshallcondemnallsnobberiesoutofhand.如果我们和佛__一样,认为在这个虚幻的世界上一切行动都是坏事,那么我们就会立即谴责所有的势利感MostofusIsupposetakeupourpositionsomewherebetweenthetwoextremes.Weregardsomeactivitiesasgoodothersasindifferentordownrightbad.我认为我们多数人所采取的立场是介于这两个极端之间的某个地方,我们把某些行动看作是好的,某些是无关紧要的,或彻底坏的Ourapprovalwillbegivenonlytosuchsnobberiesasexcitewhatweregardasthebetteractivities;我们赞成的只能是那些激起我们认为是较好的行动的势利感,`theothersweshalleithertolerateordetest.其余的我们只能或容忍、或憎恶`Forexamplemostprofessionalin____ectualswiltapproveofculture-snobberyevenwhileintenselydislikingmostindividualculture-snobs例如,多数专业____会赞成文化势利感(即使他们十分讨厌多数文化势利者个人),`becauseitcompelsthephilistinestopayatleastsomeslighttributetothethingsofthemindandsohelpsto__ketheworldlessdangerouslyunsafeforideasthanitotherwisemighth__ebeen.因为这迫使市侩庸人们至少对精神上的东西要稍加赞许,因此有助于使世界比没有这一点赞许时对精神可能少一点危险和不安全A__nufacturerofmotor-carsontheotherhandwillrankthesnobberyofpossessionsaboveculture-snobbery;另一方面,一个汽车制造商会把财产势利感置于文化势利感之上,hewilldohisbesttopersuadepeoplethatthosewhoh__efewerpossessionsparticularlypossessionsonfourwheelsareinferiortothosewhoh__emorepossessions.他会尽其所能使人们相信,占有东西少的人,特别是在四个__上的东西,低于占有东西多的人Andsoon.EachhierarchyculminatesinitsownparticularPope.依此类推每一等级的人到头来终有自己具体最崇拜的教皇LessonThirteen
1.tempt__.todosth.para.1引诱某人干某事该表达形式还可以表示为tempt__.intodoingsth.
2.ingenuouspara.1坦率的;天真的;单纯的注意该词与ingenious的区别ingenious表示“机灵的,足智多谋的;有独创性的;巧妙的”e.g.
①aningeniousmind机灵的头脑
②ingenuousyoung__n天真的年轻人
3.nottomention/withoutmentioningpara.1:更不必说这孩子算术还没学会,更谈不上代数了
4.proble__ticalpara.1成问题的,未决的注意proble__tical与questionable的区别虽然二者都可译成“有问题的”,但problematical表示存在问题,难以处理,而questionable表示不一定对或真实,有疑问
5.outoffashionpara.2不合时尚,过时的[反]infashion[同]outofdatee.g.Herhairstyleisquiteoutoffashion.她的发式完全过时了
6.creditablepara.2值得赞扬的,带来荣誉的;可信的注意该词与credible的区别credible表示“可信的,可靠的”这篇新闻报导令人难以置信
7.bymeansofpara.3凭借,用某物,某方法e.g.
①Thoughtsareexpressedbymeansofwords.思想凭借语言来表达
②Theburglarenteredthehousebymeansofaladder.盗贼借助于梯子进了房子
8.docilepara.3容易管教的,驯顺的,驯良的注意docile和obe___nt的区别docile表示因容易管教而表现出听话,顺从而obe___nt表示愿意听从命令,愿意遵守而表现出服从,顺从……服从
9.consistinpara.6在于,以……为要素,存在于……中[同]liein威尼斯之美主要在于它古建筑的风格
10.outofhandpara.7立即该词组还有一个主要意思“无法控制,不可收拾”,相当于outofcontrolLessonFourteenSaturdayNightandSundayMorning星期六的晚上和星期日上午byAlanSillitoeText14-1Hesatbythec____fishingonaSundaymorninginspringatanelbow赤楊樹wherealdersdippedoverthewaterlikeoldmenontheirlastlegspushedbyyoungsturdyoaksfrombehind.在春天一个星期日的上午,他坐在运河边钓鱼,在他附近,赤杨树被后面生长着年轻茁壮的橡树向前推挤垂人水中,像垂死的老人一样Hestraightenedhisbackhisfingersfreeingnylonlinefromaspeedilyrevolvingreel.他直起腰身,用手指快速地从绕线轮上放出尼龙线Aroundhimlayknapsackandjacketanemptycatch-nethisbicycleandtwotinsofwormsdugfromtheplotofgardenathomebeforesettingout.他周围放着背包、夹克、一个空捕鱼网、他的自行车和出发前在家里花园里挖出的两听虫子Sunwasbreakingthroughcloudsreleasinga__ellofearthtohe__en.太阳钻出了云层,向空气中散发出泥土的气息Birdssang.Asoundlessandminuscularexplosionofwatercaughthiseye.鸟儿在欢唱他看到水面忽然间冒出一个无声的小小的水花,Hemovednearertheedgestoodupandwithavigoroussweepofhisarmcastouttheline.他走到水边,站起身,用力挥动手臂,将钓鱼线抛了出去14-2Anothersolitary__nwasfishingfurtheralongthec____butArthurknewthattheywouldle__eeachotherinpea__wouldnotevencalloutgreetings.不远处还有一个人沿着运河边在独自垂钓,但阿瑟知道他俩可以互不干扰各钓各的鱼,甚至没必要相互打招呼问候Noonebotheredyou:youwereahunteradreameryourownbossawayfromitallforafewhoursonanydaythattheweatherdidnotthrowdownitsrain.没人打扰你你是猎人、梦想家,是自己的老板,在不下雨的日子里,你可以有几个小时的时间摆脱所有的烦恼Likethecorporalinthearmywhosaiditwas__rvellous了不起的thethingsyouthoughtaboutasyousatonthel__atory廁所.Evenbetterthanthatitwas__rvellousthethingsthatcametoyouinthetranquillityoffishing.像军队里的那位下士所说,坐在马桶上想到的事情真是太奇妙了在垂钓的宁静中想起的事情比在马桶上想起的事情更美妙14-3Hedrankteafromtheflaskandateacheesesandwichthensatbacktowatchtheredandwhitefloat--uptoitswaist腰部inwaterunderthealdertrees楊柳樹下--andkeepaneyealwaysclosetoitforthesuddenindicationofafortunatecatch.他拿着瓶子喝茶,吃了一块奶酪三明治,然后坐回原处看着钓鱼线上的红白色浮标——浮标一半沉在赤杨树下齐腰深的水中一一他密切注视着浮标,等候着鱼上钩的那个幸运时刻的突然到来Forhimselfhisowncatchhadbeen__deandhewouldh__etowrestlewithitfortherestofhislife.对他自己而言,他已经被钓上钩了,他得用自己余生与之抗衡Wheneveryoucaughtafishthefishcaughtyouinawayofspeakinganditwasthesamewithanythingelseyoucaughtlikethemeaslesorawo__n..你不管什么时候钓上了鱼,鱼也同时钩住了你,可以说,你所捉住的其他任何东西也是如此,比如说麻疹或女人Everyoneintheworldwascaughtsomehowonewayoranotherandthosethatwerentwerealwaysonthewaytoit.不知___世界上每个人都这样或那样地被钓住,那些未被钓住的人也逐渐地要被钓住Assoonasyouwerebornyouwerecapturedbyfreshairthatyouscreamedagainsttheminuteyoucameout.你一出生就被新鲜的空气给逮住,所以你一从娘胎里出来就放声大哭Thenyouwereropedinbyafactoryhada__chineslungaroundyourneckandthenyouwerehooked.upbythearsewithawife.之后,你又被工厂套住,被工厂的机器拴住然后你又被妻子用性生活给钩住Mostlyyouwerelikeafish:youswamaboutwith_______thinkinghowgooditwastobeleftalonedoinganythingyouwantedtodoandcaringaboutnoonewhensuddenly:SPLUTCH!--thebighookclappeditselfintoyourmouthandyouwerecaught.大多数时候你像条鱼你自由自在地游,想着自己独处是多么快活,做你想做的一切事情,不用在意任何人,突然啪的一声,一个大钩叉入你的嘴中,你被钩住了Withoutknowingwhatyouweredoingyouhadchewedoffmorethanyoucouldbiteandhadtostickwiththesamepie__ofbaitfortherestofyourlife.尚未弄猜自己在做什么,你已经咬下了你无法嚼烂的鱼饵你要用余生来嚼这块鱼饵Itmeantdeathforafish;butfora__nitmightnotbesobad.对鱼来说,这意味着死亡但对人来说也许还没有这么糟糕__ybeitwasonlythebeginningofsomethingbetterinlifebetterthanyoucouldeverh__ethoughtpossiblebeforeclampingyour__idjawsdownoverthevitalbait.也许这只是更美好生活的开始,要比你闭上贪婪的嘴咬住那极为重要的鱼饵之前所能够想到的要好Arthurknewhehadnotyetbittenthathehadreallyonlylickedthebaitand.foundittastythathecouldstilldisengagehismouthfromthenibbledmorsel.Buthedidnotwanttodoso.阿瑟知道自己还未被约住,他只不过刚刚舔了舔鱼饵,发觉鱼饵很香,他仍可以吐出口中的那一小份鱼饵而解脱自己,但他不愿意那样做Ifyouwentthroughliferefusingallthebaitdangledbeforeyouthatwouldbenolifeatall.如果你拒绝所有摆吊在你面前的诱饵而度过一生,那就根本谈不上是生活了Nochangeswouldbe__deandyouwouldh__enothingtofightagainst.Lifewouldbeasdullasditchwater.没有变化,你就没有为之__的东西,生活将极其乏味,就像地沟里的水一样Youcouldkillyourselfbytoomuchcunning.狡猾的你可能因太狡猾而贻贻误自身Eventhoughbaitmeanttroubleyoucouldnotignoreitforever.虽然诱饵意味着麻烦,你不可能永远忽视它Helaughedtothinkthathewasfullofbaitalreadyhalf-digested消化一半的食物slopthathad__rtainlygivenhimashareoftroubleonewayoranother.他笑着想他已经吃了广嘴的鱼饵,显然这已消化了一半的劣质食物已经这样或那样地给他带来了麻烦14-4Watchingthefloatsointently__dehimsleepy:hehadbeenwithDoreenuntiltwothenightbefore.目不转睛地盯着浮标看使他发困昨天晚上他和多琳一直呆到两点Theyspokeofgetting__rriedinthreemonthsbywhichtimeArthursaidtheywouldh__ecollectedagoodamountofmoneynearlyahundredandfiftypoundsnotcountingincome-taxrebatewhichwillprobablybumpituptoacoupleofhundred.他们谈到要在三个月后结婚,阿瑟说到那个时候他们将已攒足一大笔钱,几乎有150英磅,还没算上所得税的退款,如若算上这笔返款的话,将凑足200英磅SotheywouldbesittingprettyDoreenrepliedbecauseMrs.Greattonhadalreadyofferedtoletthemstaywithherforaslongastheylikedpayinghalftherent.ForshewouldbelonelywhenChumleyleft.多琳回答说他们过得不错因为格瑞顿太太已经表示,他们可以只出一半租金住在她那里,想住多长时间都行,ArthursaidhewouldbeabletogetonwithMrs.Greattonbecauselivingtherehewouldbethe__nofthehouse.因为丘姆雷搬走了,她会感到寂寞阿瑟说他会和格瑞顿太太相处融洽,因为住在那儿,他将成为那幢房子的男主人Andiftherewasanyargumenttheycouldgetroomssomewhere.Soitlookedasthoughtheydbeallrighttogetherhethoughtaslongasawardidntstartortradeslumpandbringbackthedole.如果出现不和,他们就另找地方于是阿瑟想看起来大家住在一起挺好,只要不发生战争、商业不衰退、不吃救济;Aslongastherewasntafamineaplague瘟疫tosweepoverEnglandanearthquaketocrackitintwoandcollapsethecityaroundthemorabombtodropandendtheworldwithabigbang.只要英国不发生饥荒、瘟疫;只要不发生地震,把英国震成两半,把城市震坍;只要不投下导弹砰地一声摧毁这个世界Butyoucouldntcon__rnyourselftoomuchwiththesethingsifyouhadplansandwantedtogetsomethingoutoflifethatyouhadneverhadbefore.如果你有计划,想从生活中获取你从未得到的东西,你就不能太考虑这些问题Andthatwasafacthethoughtchewingapie__ofgrass.阿瑟嚼着一片草,他想这就是事实14-5Hefixedtherodfirmlyagainstthebankandstoodtostretchhimself.Heyawnedwidelyfelthislegsweakenthenstrengthenthenrelaxhistallfigure__rkedagainstabackgroundofcurvingc____andhedgesandtreesborderingit.他把鱼杆牢牢地固定在河岸上站起来,伸了伸腰,打了个大哈欠,感觉腿有点软,便绷了绷腿,再放松他高大的身躯在弯弯的运河以及环绕运河的篱笆、树木的背景下特别引人注目Herubbedhishandovertheroughfeaturesofhisfa__upwardsoverthicklipsgreyeyeslowforeheadshortfairhairthenlookedupatthemixtureofgreycloudandbluepatchesofskyoverhead.他用手搓了搓粗糙的脸从下向上搓搓厚嘴唇、灰眼睛、低前额、金黄色短发.然后抬头仰望头顶上镶有灰云团的蓝色天空Forsomereasonhe__iledatwhathesawandturnedtowalksomeyardsalongthetowpath.不知什么原因,他朝他所看到的一切笑了笑然后转身沿着纤道走出几码Forgettingthestilledfloatinthewaterhestoppedtourinateagainstthebushes.Whilefasteninghistrousershesawthefloatinviolentagitationasifitweresuddenlyaliveandwantedtoleapoutofthewater忘记了水中静止不动的浮标,他停下来朝树丛里撒尿,系裤子时,他看见浮标猛烈地摇动,好像它突然活了要跳出水面14-6Heranbacktotherodandbeganwindinginthereelwithsteadymovements.他跑回鱼杆处,稳速向回摇绕线轮Hishandsworked__oothlyandthelinecameinsoquicklythatitdidnotseemtobemovingex__ptonthereelitselfwherethenylonthread尼龍線grewinthicknessandbreadthwhereheeveneditoutwithhisthumbsothatitwouldnotclog纏住atavitalmoment.他的手流畅地转动着绕线轮,鱼线收回得太快,以至于看上去线都没动,除非看绕线轮上的尼龙线变宽了变厚了,才知道线被收回了他用大拇指把线拨弄均匀,以便在关键时刻线不会缠住Thefishcameoutofthewaterflashingandstrugglingontheendofthelineandhegraspeditfirmlyinhishandtotakethehookfromitsmouth.鱼被钓出水面,在线的另一端,它闪着水光,挣扎着他用手紧紧抓住鱼,从鱼嘴里摘下钩子Helookedintoitsglass-greyeyeatthebrownpupil瞳孔whosefearexpressedallthelifethatithadyetlivedandallitsfearofthedeaththatnowthreatenedit.他看着鱼呆滞无神的眼睛,看着它棕色的瞳孔,鱼眼里透露的恐惧述说了它的一生,以及对正威胁着它的死亡的恐惧Initseyehesawthegreengloom朦朧綠影ofwillow-sleevedc____s兩邊有柳樹incooldecay凄涼衰落aneyefilledwithpanicandcon__rnforthere__iningveinsoflifethatcircledlikeasilentwhirlpool旋涡aroundit.从鱼眼中,他看见了两边有柳树的运河凄凉衰落的朦胧绿影鱼眼中充满了恐惧和对所剩无几的生命的担忧,其所剩生命像打着旋的无声的旋涡Wheredofishesgowhenthey___hewondered.鱼死后去哪里呢?他思考着这个问题Theglow發光oflong-rememberedliveswasmirroredinitseyesandthememoryofcunningcurvesexecutedinthemovingshadowsfromreedtoreedasitscatteredthe__allerfry驅散小魚andwasitselfchasedbybiggerfish被大魚追趕wasalsopicturedthere.鱼眼里闪现着它以前的快乐生活,同时也闪现处它曾像晃动的影子一般,在水中芦苇杆之间娴熟地游来游去,驱散小鱼,同时又被大鱼追逐的情景Arthurfeltmobilew__esofhoperunningthelengthofitssquamousbodyfromheadtotail.阿瑟感到鳞光闪闪的这条鱼的浑身上下从头到尾涌动着一股求生的愿望Heremovedthehookandthrewitbackintothewater.Hewatcheditflashawayanddisappear.他脱下了鱼钩,把鱼扔回水中他看着鱼迅速游走,消失了14-7Onemorechan__hesaidtohimself;阿瑟心里想再给你一次生存的机会butifyouoranyofyourpals好朋友comebacktothebaititscurtainsforem.但如果你或你的伙伴再来咬鱼饵的话,那肯定是必死无疑了Withfloatbobbing擺動beforehimon__morehesatdowntowait.Thistimeitwaswarandhewantedfishtotakehomeeithertocookinthepanorfeedtothecat.浮标又一次被投入水中,在他面前上下摆动,他坐下来等这回可是一场真正的战争,他要把鱼带回家,放在锅里煎或喂猫Itstroubleforyouandtroubleformeandalloverapie__ofbait誘餌Thefattestwormofthelotisfastenedtothehooksodontgrumble抱怨whenyoufeelthatpointstickingtoyourchops.这对你对我都是个麻烦,都是因为这一诱饵引起的在鱼钩上放上所有鱼饵中最肥的一只虫子,所以当鱼钩叉入你的嘴中时,你可别抱怨14-8AndtroubleformeitllbefightingeverydayuntilI___.我的麻烦是每天奋斗直到生命结束Whydothey__kesol___rsoutofuswhenwerefightinguptothehiltasitis___在我们倾全力__的时候还让我们当兵呢?Fightingwithmothersandwiveslandlordsandgaffers工頭coppersarmygover__ent.和母亲、妻子、房东、工头、__、军队、__斗争Ifitsnotonethingitsanotherapartfromtheworkweh__etodoandthewaywespendourwages.不是和这个有矛盾就是和那个有冲突,还不算上要工作,要花工资Theresboundtobetroubleinstoreformeeverydayofmylifebecausetroubleitsalwaysbeenandalwayswillbe.每天必定都会遇上麻烦,因为麻烦一直存在而且还要存在下去Borndrunkand__rriedblindmi__egotten私生intoastrangeandcrazyworlddraggedupthroughthedole救濟andintothewarwithagas-__skonyourclockandthesirensrattlingintoyoueverynightwhileyourotwithscabiesinanair-raidshelter.生来酗酒,盲目结婚,被私生在这个古怪疯狂的世界上,家庭靠领救济金把你拉扯大,也没能给你多少好的教育,接着你又被拖进第二次世界大战,头上成天戴着防毒面具,空__报每晚响彻在你耳畔,而你躲在防空洞里长出了疥疮Slungintokhakiateighteen18岁时穿上了土黄色的卡其布军服成了一名军人,andwhentheyletyououtyousweatagaininafactorygrabbingforanextrapint当你服满兵役,又得去工厂挥汗干活,尽量多喝一品脱啤酒,doingwomenattheweekendandgettingtoknowwhosehu__andsareonthenight-shiftworkingwithrottengutsandanachingspine周末玩女人,尽力打探谁的丈夫上夜班,拼命地干活,干得全身疼痛,andnothingforitbutmoneytodragyoubackthereeveryMondaymorning.为了钱星期一早上又把自己拽回来干活14-9Wellitsagoodlifeandagoodworldallsaidanddoneifyoudontweakenandifyouknowthatthebigwideworldhasntheardfromyouyetnonotbyalongwaythoughitwontbelongnow.毕竟,如果你还没衰弱,如果你知道你还是个微不足道的小人物,但在不久的将来你会一鸣惊人的话,生活是美好的,世界是美好的14-10Thefloatbobbedmoreviolentlythanbeforeandwithagrinonhisfa__hebegantowind繞inthereel.浮标比先前摆动得更厉害了,他咧嘴笑了,开始摇绕线轮LessonFifteenIsAmericaFallingApart美国在分崩离析吗?15-1IambackinBraccianoacas____ated__式townabout13milesnorthofRomeafterayearinNewJersey.我在新泽西州呆了一年之后,回到了布拉奇阿诺,这是一座位于罗马以北约13英里的__式的小城IfindtheItalianGover__entstillunstablegasolinemoreexpensivethananywhereintheworldbutchersandbankclerksandtobacconists煙店老板readytogoonstrikeatthedropofahat隨時的我发现意大利__仍不稳定,汽油比世界任何地方都贵,賣肉的、银行职员和烟店老板随时都准备__,neo-fascistsattheirdirtyworkthehammer錘子andsickle(鐮刀)paintedontherumpsofpublicstatuesathousand-liranoteofficiallyworthabout$
1.63shrunktotheslightnessofadollarbill.新___分子在干着卑鄙肮脏的勾当,公共场所雕像臀部画着锤子和镰刀,1000里拉(按官价折合
1.63美元左右)的钞票贬值到只值一美元15-2Nevertheless然而itsdelightfultobeback.Peopleareunderpaidbuttheygothroughanactoflikingtheirworktheopen__rketsarelusciouswithesculentcolorthecommunityisimportantthanthestatethehu__nconditionishumorouslyac__pted.然而回到这里仍然令我高兴人们得到的工资很低,但仍做出喜欢他们的工作的样子,露天市场里是香甜味美的可口食品,社区比国家重要,人们怀着幽默感接受了这种人生状况Thenorthernwindblowsviciouslytodayandtheresno__ntralheating__暖氣toturnonbutitwillbepleasantwhenthewinddrops.今天刮着猛烈的干冷的北风,而且也没有__暖气可供采暖,但风停了就会舒服了Thetwotelevisionchannelsareinadequate不充分的butnextWednesdaysreturnofanoldWesternissomethingtolookforwardto.两个电视频道太少了,但下个星期三重播一部老西部片,这给了大家一个盼头__nifoldconsumption多樣化的消費isntimportanthere.在这儿多样化的消费并不重要Thequalityoflifehasnothingtodowiththequantityofbrandnames.生活的质量与品牌名称的数量无关What__ttersistalkfamilycheapwineintheopenairthewrestingofmini__lsweetnessoutofthelong-knownbitternessofliving.重要的是聊天,家庭,露天喝廉价酒,从久已熟知的痛苦生活中榨取最低限度的甜蜜Iwasspoiledin寵壞的NewJersey.我在新泽西州被惯坏了15-3InNewJerseyIneverhadtoshiverbyafirethatwouldntdraworgowithoutcannedfood.在新泽西州,我从来不坐在通风不良的炉前发抖或吃不上罐头America__demedevelopnewappetitesinorderto__keproperuseofthesuper__rket.为了很好利用__,美国使我培养起了新的胃口`AcharacterinEvelynWaughsPutoutMoreFlagssaidthatthedifferen__betweenprewarandpostwarlifewasthatprewarifonethingwentwrongthedaywasruined毀滅了;postwarifonethingwentrightthedaywouldbe__de.在伊夫林沃的《升起更多的旗》一书中一个人物谈了战前生活与战后生活的区别战前如一天中有一件事不对头,你觉得这一天就全毁了;战后如果一天中有一件事很顺利,你觉得这一天真痛快Americaisaprewarcountrypsychologically心理上的unpreparedforonethingtogowrong.Hen__theneurosisdespairtheKafkafeelingthatthewhole__rvelousfabricofAmericanlifeiscomingapartattheseams.美国是属于战前状态的国家,没有心理准备承受出现的任何问题因此就出现了神经质、绝望,感到卡夫卡式的忧虑,整个美妙的美国生活模式正在分崩离析15-4Letusstayforawhileonthissu__ectofconsumption.Americanindividuali__onthefa__ofitanadmirablephilosophywishesto__nifest表現itselfinindependen__ofthecommunity.Youdontsharethingsincommon;youh__eyourownthings.让我们在消费这个题目上再稍微多说几句美国式的个人主义在表面看来是很值得钦佩的一种哲学,它希望__于社区之外表现自己,人们不共享东西,各人都有自己的东西Afamilysstrengthissignalizedbyitspossessions.一个家庭的力量体现在它拥有的财产上`Hereinliesaparadox.Forthedesireforpossessionsmusteventuallymeandependen__onpossessions.这正是自相矛盾之处,用为对财产的渴望最终必然意味着对财产的依赖_______issl__ery.On__lettheacquisitiveinstinctburgeonandthereareruggedlyindividualfor__sonlytooreadyto__keitcometofullandmonstrous巨大的blossom.自由即屈服,你一旦允许占有的本能发芽生长,便有粗暴的个别力量迫不及待地要使它盛开出巨大的花朵Newappetitesareinvented;whattotheEuropeanarebizarreluxuriesbecometotheAmericanplainne__ssities.新的欲望产生了,对欧洲人来说是希奇古怪的奢侈品,对美国人来说却成了普通的必需品15-5DuringmyyearsstayinNewJerseyIletmyappetiteflowerintofullAmericani__ex__ptforonething.Ididnotpossessanautomobile.在新泽西州的一年中,我任凭自己的欲望充分发展成了美国式的,除了一个例外___汽车Thisself-electeddeprivation剝奪wasawayintothenastier骯臟sideoftheconsumersociety.Whereprivateownershipprevailspublicamenities公共益事decayorarepreventedfromcomingintobeing.我自己剥夺了自己享用私人汽车的权利,是了解消费社会肮脏侧面的一个途径在私有制占优势的地方,公共益事不是衰败就是受到阻挠无法存在Therundownrailservi__sofAmericaaresomethingItryvainly徒勞的toforget.美国铁路交通破落是一件我想忘也忘不了的事Thenight__reoffilth骯臟outsideandinthatenfoldsthetripfromSpringfield__ss.toGrand__ntralStationwouldnotbeac__ptedinbackwardEurope.从马萨诸塞州的斯普林菲尔德到纽约__车站的旅程,一路上车里车外肮脏得像噩梦般可怕这种情况在__的欧洲也是无法接受的Butfarworseisthenight__reoftr__elinandaroundLosAngeleswherepublictransportdoesnotexistandpeopleareliterallychokingtodeathintheirexhaustfumes.但比这更糟得多的是在洛杉机市内或周围噩梦般的旅行,那儿根本没有公共交通工具,毫不夸张地说,人们正被自己汽车排出的废气呛死Thisispartofthepri__ofindividualownership.这是私有制要付出的部分代价15-6Butifthecarownercanignorethelackofpublictransporthecanhardlyignorethedecay腐朽ofservi__singeneral.但是如果汽车拥有者能无视公共交通缺乏的话,他也很难忽视一般服务性行业情况的恶化Hiscarneedsmechanicsandmechanicsgrowmoreexpensiveandlessefficient.他的汽车需要机修工人,而请机修工的费用变得越来越贵,其效率却越来越低Thegadgetsinthehomearecheapertorepla__thanrepair.家用小装置买新的要比修理便宜Themoreefficientlyself-containedthehomeseemstobethemoredependentitisonthegreatimpersonal冷漠的corporationsaswellasadiminishing縮小的armyofservitors.在家庭里越是显得设备齐全,就越要依赖于冷漠的大公司和人数日益减少的服务人员Skillsatthelowestlevelh__etobewooedsl__ishlyandexorbitantly昂貴的rewarded.技术再低的工人也要卑躬屈膝地去恳求,还要付给昂贵的报酬Plumberswillnotcome.Noratthehigherlevelwilldoctors.Anddoctorsanddentistsknowtheirscarcityvalueandbeh__eaccordingly.管子工叫不来,在更高的层次上,大夫更是难请医生和牙医知道物以稀为贵,并以此指导自己的行为15-7Americansareatlastrealizingthattheacquisitionofgoodsisnotthewholeoflife.美国人终于开始明白占有商品并不是生活的全部内容Consumptionononelevelisturninginsipidespeciallyasthequalityofthegoodsseemstobedeteriorating.在一个水准上人消费正变得缺乏吸引力,特别是商品的质量似乎一直在降低Plannedobsoles__n__isnotconducivetoprideinwork__nship.Onanotherlevelconsumptionisturningsour.特意制造出很快就会过时的商品不会引起工人对工艺质量的自豪感在另一个水准上,消费正变得令人不快,Thereisagrowingguiltaboutthe__ssesofdiscardedjunk丟棄的垃圾--rustingautomobilesandrefrigeratorsandwashing__chinesanddehumidifiers除濕器thatitisuneconomicaltorecycle.对于大量回收利用不划算的废弃物品——锈蚀着的汽车、冰箱、洗衣机、除湿机——人们越来越感到有负罪感Indestructible不能破壞的plastichasnteventhegra__toundergochemicalchange.毁不掉的塑料制品甚至都不肯爽快地进行化学变化Americatheworldsbiggestconsumeristheworldsbiggestpolluter.美国,这个世界最大的消费者,也是世界最大的污染者Awarenessofthisisakindofredemptivegra__彌補butithasnotledtorepentan__悔改andarevolutioninconsumerhabits.意识到这一点是某种弥补,但并未导致悔改和消费习惯上的__CitizensofLosAngelesarehorrifiedbythedailypallofgolden__ogbuttheydontnoti__ablyclamorforadecreaseinthenumberofowner-vehicles.洛杉矾市民一想到每天笼罩着城市的金色烟雾就心惊胆颤,但他们也并未明显地要求减少私人汽车的数目Thereisnoworseneurosisthanthatwhichderivesfromaconsciousnessofguiltandaninabilitytoreform.认识到症结所在,却没有能力改变,这种神经质最糟糕15-8Itwouldbeunne__ssaryformetolistthoseareasinwhichthoughtfulAmericansfeelthatcollapseiscoming.由我来列出很有思想的美国人感到的处于崩溃边缘的领域真是不必要`Itisenoughformetocon__ntrateoneducation.Americahasalwaysdespiseditsteachersandasaconsequen__ithasbeengrantedtheteachersitdeserves.我只要集中谈谈教育方面就足够了美国向来轻视教师,其结果是,____得到了它只配得到的教师Thequalityoffirst-gradeeducationthatmysonre__ivedinaNewJerseytownnotedfortheex__llen__ofitspublicschoolscouldnotIsupposebefaultedonthelevelofdogged執著conscientiousness.認真的態度我认为,在新泽西州一个因其公立学校优秀而闻名的城市里,我__在一年级受到的教育的质量之差,不能归罪于教师没有执着的认真态度Theteachersworkedrigidly嚴格的fromtheapprovedrigidlyprogramedprimers.教师按批准的规定得死死的初级读本教书,不敢越雷池半步Butthereseemedtobenospark火花nodaring膽識no__dness__noreadiness願望toengagetheindividualchildsmindasanythingotherthanraw__terialforstatisticalreductions數字計算.但是除了把每个孩子的头脑当作进行数字计算训练的原料之外,似乎不存在能使孩子开动脑筋的火花、胆识、__与愿望Thefearofbeingunorthodox(離經叛道)isrootedintheAmericanteacherssoul;youcanbefiredfortreadingthepathofexperimentalenterprises.害怕离经叛道的思想在美国教师的灵魂中根深蒂固,踏上实验事业之路可能使你被解雇15-9IknowthatAmericantechnicalgeniusandmostofallthemoonlandingseemstogivethelietotoosum__ryacondemnation指責oftheeducationalsystem我知道美国的技术潜力,特别是登月行动,似乎证明对其教育制度过于武断地进行谴责是在说谎butthereismoretoeducationthanthesegmentalequippingofthemind.但是教育的责任不仅在于把头脑分门别类武装起来,Thereisthattran__issionofthevalueofthepastasafor__stillmiraculouslyfertileandmovingmostlyabsentfromAmericaneducationatalllevels.还应将过去的价值转化,使其成为____的推动力量——这一点在美国各级教育中一般都不存在15-10OfcourseAmericawasbuiltonarejectionofthepast.当然,美国是在否定过去的基础上建立起来的EventhebasicChristianitywhichwasbroughttothecontinentin1620wasofanovelandbizarre新奇古怪kind.AndnowAmericafillinginthevacuumleftbytheliquefiedBritishEmpire解體了的英帝國hasthetaskofshowingthebestthingtotherestoftheworld.就连在1620年被带到美洲大陆上来的___都是新奇古怪的一种而现在,在填补解体了的大英帝国留下的真空时,美国的任务是告诉其它国家世界最好的东西,Thebestthingcanonlybemoney-__kingandconsumptionforitsownsake.那最好的东西只可能是为赚钱消费而赚钱消费Inthenameofthisghastlycreed可怕的信念thejungle叢林mustbedefoliated.在这一可怕的信念的名义下,必项使丛林变成枯枝秃叶15-11NowonderthoughtfulAmericansfeelguiltyandwanttotakealltheblametheycanfind.难怪富于思想的美国人有负罪感,想承担起所有的责难WhatdoEuropeansreallythinkofusisacommonquestionatparties“欧洲人究竟___我们?”这是各种聚会场合常听到的问题.Theexpectedansweris:Theythinkyourealoadofdecadent腐化墮落地gross-lipped(言語粗俗)potbellied大腹便便callous(麻木不仁的)overbearing傲慢的neo-imperialists.他们期待的回答是,“他们认为你们是一帮腐化堕落的、言语粗俗的、大腹便便的、麻木不仁的、盛气凌人的新____者”Butthefactisthatsuchananswerhowevermuchdesiredwouldnotbeanhonestone.但事实是,无论他们多么希望得到这样的回答,这却不是一个诚实的回答EuropeansthinkmorehighlyofAmericansnowthantheyeverdid.Letmeexplainwhy.欧洲人对美___看法从未像现在这样好让我解释—下其中的原因15-12WhenEuropehadsunktothelevelofsewerAmericabecamethegoldendreamtheEdenwhereinno__n__couldberecovered.当欧洲沦落到最低层时,美国变成了金色的梦,能重获纯真的伊甸乐园Originalsin原罪wasthemonopolyofthatdirtycontinentoverthere.原罪是大洋彼岸那肮脏的大陆特有的东西InAmericaprogresswaspossibleandthewrongscommittedagainsttheIndiansthewildlifethelanditselfcouldbeexplainedawayintermsoftherationalcontrolofenviro__entne__ssaryforthebuildingofaNewJerusalem.耶路撒冷在美国,进步是可能的,对印第安人,野生动物,及土地本身所犯下的错误,都可以用为建设一个新耶路撒冷所必须的对环境的理性控制来解释Morallytherewereonlyrightandwrong;evilhadnopla__inAmerica.从道德角度上讲,只有对错之分,在美国没有邪恶的地位15-13AtlastwiththeVietnamWarAmericansarebeginningtorealizethattheyaresu__ecttooriginalsinasmuchasEuropeansare.终于,随着越南战争的爆发,美国人开始认识到他们和欧洲人一样处在原罪的支配之下Somethingsthe__ssivecrimefiguresforinstan__cannowbeexplainedonlyintermsofabsoluteevil(純粹的角度),有些事,如巨大的犯罪数字,现在只有从纯粹的邪恶的角度才能解释得通AmericaisnolongerEuropesdaughternorherrichstepmother;sheisEuropessister;美国已不再是欧洲的__,也不是她阔气的继母,美国是欧洲的姐妹Theagony(苦惱)thatAmericaisundergoingisnottobeassociatedwithbreakdownasmuchaswiththeparturitionofself-knowledge.美国正在经历的痛苦与其说是伴随分崩离析而来,还不如说是伴随自我认识的而产生的15-14IthasbeenassumedthattheyouthofAmericahasbeeninthevanguardofthediscoveryofboththediseaseandthecure.人们认为,美国青年是发现社会疾病和其治疗方法的先锋Thevariousescapistmovementshoweverh__ecommittedthegrosserror嚴重的錯誤ofassumingthatoriginalsin違背現實restedwiththeirelderstheirrulersandthattheythemselvescould__nifes(表明)theiressentialinno__n__bybuildinglittleneo-Edens.然而各式各样的逃避现实的运动,都犯下了这样一个严重的错误,即认为只有他们的长辈,他们的___身上才有原罪,而他们自己可以用建立小的伊甸园的方法来表明自己本质的清白无辜Thedrugculturecouldconfirmthattheparadisalvision天堂的幻景was__ailabletoallwhosoughtit__文化可以进一步证明,一切寻求它的人都能得到天堂的幻景.Butinstantecstasy(短暫的入迷)hastobepurchasedlikeanyothercommodityandineconomictermsthatpassivelifeinvolvesparasiti__.消极生活意味着寄生状态但是和其它所有商品一样短暂的心醉神迷需要去__,从经济角度来看消极生活意味着寄生状态PracticallyallofthecrimeIencounteredinNewYorkwasapreyingoftheopium-eatersontheworkingcommunity.我在纽约遇到的犯罪现象中,几乎全是瘾君子对劳动群体的劫掠Therehastobethesnakeinparadise.Youcantescapetheheritageofhu__nevilbybuildingcommunes天堂里必然有蛇,你无法用建立群居组织的办法来逃避承袭人类的邪恶,usuallyonanagronomicignoran__thatdoesviolen__tolife.通常这些群居组织因为没有任何耕作知识而摧残了生命TheAmericanyoungarewell-meaningbutmisguidedandmustnotthemselvesbetakenasguides.美国青年本意是好的,但是误人歧途,因此自己不应再被当作领路人15-15Theguidesasalwayslieamongthewritersandartists.领路人依旧在作家和艺术家之中`AndAmericansoughttonotethathoweverthings__yseemtobefallingapartartsandthehu__nescholarshipareflourishing欣欣向榮here.美国人应该注意到,无论事物如何显得在分崩离析之中,艺术和人文学却欣欣向荣Imnotsuggestingthatwritersandartistsh__ethetaskoffindingasolutiontotheAmericanmess我的意思不是说作家和艺术家有任务要为美国的困境寻找到解决办法,buttheycanatleastclarifyitsnatureandshowhowitrelatestothehu__nconditioningeneral.但他们至少能搞清这困境的本质,指出它与总的人生状况有怎样的关系Literatureoftenreacts__gnifi__ntly出色toanambien__ofunease不安orapparentbreakdown.文学常常可以对不安或表面崩溃的局面做出最出色的反应15-16IamnotsuggestingthatAmericanssitbackandwaitforatransient短暫的periodofmistrustanddespairtoresolveitself.我的意思并不是说美国人应坐着等待一个怀疑与绝望的过度阶段自行消失Americanslivinghereandnowh__earighttoanimprovementinthequalityoftheirlivesandtheythemselvesmustdosomethingaboutit.在此时此地生活着的美国人有权利改进他们的生活质量,他们自己必须为此做出努力Itisnotrightthatmenandwomenshouldfeartogoonthestreetatnightandthattheyshouldsometimesfearthepoli__asmuchasthecriminalsbothofwhomsometimeslooklikemirrori__gesofeachother.男男女女晚上不敢上街,有时他们怕__如同怕罪犯,二者有时看上去犹如人和他的镜中映像一样相像,这不正常Therearetoo__nygunsaboutandthedisarmingofthepoli__shouldbeanaturalaspectofthedisarmingoftheentirecitizenry.社会上的枪太多了,解除__的武装应该是解除全体公民武装的一个自然组成部分15-17AmericanpoliticsatboththestateandtheFederallevelsistoomuchcon__rnedwiththeprotectionoflargefortunes.美国各州与联邦的__对于保护巨富过于关心了巨富Thewealthqualificationfortheaspiringpoliticianistakenforgranted;有抱负的__家拥有财产被视作当然的事agover__entalsystemdedicatedto專注thepromotionofpersonalwealthinafewselectedareaswillneveractforthepublicgood.一个致力于在几个特定领域中增加个人财富的__制度永远不会为公众谋福利Thetimehascomenevertheless然而forcitizenstode__ndfromtheirgover__ent然而公民们向__提出要求的时候到了,amenities愉快的事forthe__nyofwhichadequate(足免的)statepensionsandsicknessbenefitsaswellasnationalizedtransportshouldbepriorities.優先的要求为多数人提供快乐的生活,其中首要的应该是国家发给足够的养老金和疾病津贴,以及国有化的交通工具15-18Thisangst憂慮aboutAmericacomingapartattheseams接縫處whichapparentlyissharedbynearly50per__ntoftheentireAmericanpopulationissomethingtorejoi__欣喜about.美国全部人口中近一半的人显然都十分忧虑,他们认为美国会从接缝处分崩离析,这种忧虑是一件令人高兴的事Asenseofsinis負罪感alwaysadmirablethoughitmustnotbeallowedtobecomeneurotic.负罪感总是值得钦佩的,虽然不应允许它发展成神经质IaskthereadertonotethatIanEnglish__nwhonolongerlivesinEnglandandcantspendmorethansixmonthsatastretchinanyotherEuropeancountry这里,我提请读者注意,我,一个英国人,不再居住英国了,我也无法一连在任何一个欧洲国家住6个月以上,hometoAmericaastoacountrymorestimulating__thandepressing.把美国当成家,把它看作一个更给人以激励而不是使人消沉的国家Ibr__ethebrutalityandtheguiltinordertobeonthes__ne.Ishallbeback我承受残暴之嫌,承担负罪之名,就是为了能够到场我定会回来LessonSixteenThroughtheTunnel【课文译文】钻隧洞多丽丝莱辛16-1GoingtotheshoreonthefirstmorningoftheholidaytheyoungEnglishboystoppedataturningofthepathandlookeddownatawildandrockybayandthenovertothecrowdedbeachheknewsowellfromotheryears.假期的第一个早晨,这个英国男孩在去海边的路上的一个转弯处停了下来,他俯视着波涛汹涌、礁石林立的海湾,又看了看近年来他非常熟悉的拥挤的海滩Hismotherwalkedoninfrontofhimcarryingabright-stripedbag鲜艳条纹的提包inonehand.Herotherarmswingingloosewasverywhiteinthesun.他的母亲走在他的面前,一只手提着一个镶着,她那另一只松弛摆动的胳膊在阳光下显得白白的Theboywatchedthatwhitenakedarmandturnedhiseyeswhichhadafrownbehindthemtowardsthebayandbackagaintohismother.男孩看了看那__的白白的胳膊,即而将视线转向海湾,眼睛有一种不高兴的神情,接着又转向他的母亲Whenshefelthewasnotwithhersheswunground.OhthereyouareJerry.Shesaid.Shelookedimpatientthen__iled.当她发觉他没有跟她一起走时,转过身来“哦,你在这儿呀,杰里”她说道她看上去很不耐烦,然后笑了笑WhydarlingwouldyourathernotcomewithmeWouldyourather...Shefrownedconscientiouslyworryingoverwhatamusements有趣的事情hemightsecretlybelongingforwhichshehadbeentoobusyortoocarelesstoi__gine.“亲爱的,你怎么不愿意跟我一起走呢?你宁可……”她皱了一下眉头,非常担心他可能偷偷地渴望着什么有趣的事情,而她却因太忙或过于担心而没有想到这些Hewasveryfamiliarwiththatanxiousapologetic__ile.Contrition悔悟senthimrunningafterher.他对那焦虑不安而又充满歉意的微笑已经非常熟悉了,悔悟使他跟在她后面跑起来Andyetasheranhelookedbackoverhisshoulderatthewildbay海灣andallmorningasheplayedonthesafebeachhewasthinkingofit.然而,他一边跑,一边回头看了看那波涛汹涌的海湾,整个上午,当他在安全的海滩上玩耍时,一直都在想着那海湾16-2NextmorningwhenitwastimefortheroutineofswimmingandsunbathinghismothersaidAreyoutiredoftheusualbeachJerryWouldyouliketogosomewhereelse第二天早上到了通常游泳和日光浴的时间,他的母亲说道,“杰里,你是不是在每天去的海滩玩腻了?你想去别的地方玩吗?”16-3Ohno!hesaidquickly__ilingatheroutofthatunfailingimpulseofcontrition悔悟asortofchivalry騎士.Yetwalkingdownthepathwithherheblurtedout突然Idliketogoandh__ealookatthoserocksdownthere.“哦,不!”他很快答到,脸上带着那种充满懊悔之情的笑容--一种骑士般的彬彬有礼可是,当他和她走在小路上时,他突然说“我想去看看那里的那些礁石” 16-4Sheg__etheideaherattention.Itwasawild-lookingpla__andtherewasnoonetherebutshesaidOfcourseJerry.Whenyouvehadenoughcometothebigbeach.Orjustgostraightbacktothevillaifyoulike.她注意到了他的想法,那是荒凉的地方,一个人也没有,但是她还是说“当然可以,杰里你玩够了,就到大海滩上来,或者如果你愿意,直接回__也行”Shewalkedawaythatbarearmnowslightlyreddenedfromyesterdayssunswinging.她走开了,那条__的胳膊来回摆着因为昨天晒了太阳现在已经有点发红了Andhealmostranafterheragainfeelingitunbearablethatsheshouldgobyherselfbuthedidnot.他开始又差点儿跟在她后面跑起来,觉得不应该让她自己走,但他没有想这样做16-5Shewasthinking:Ofcoursehesoldenoughtobesafewithoutme.H__eIbeenkeepinghimtoocloseHemustntfeelheoughttobewithme.Imustbecareful.她心里想着,他当然已经长大了,没有我也会很安全的,我是不是跟他太亲密了?一定不能让他觉得他应该跟我在一起,我一定小心,不能让他有这种感觉16-6Hewasanonlychildelevenyearsold.Shewasawidow.Shewasdeterminedtobeneitherpossessivenorlackingindevotion.Shewentworryingofftoherbeach.他是独生子,十一岁了她是一位寡妇她决心既不要有占有欲,也不能缺乏关爱,她怀着焦虑不安的心情回到了她爱待的海滩16-7AsforJerryon__hesawthathismotherhadgainedherbeachhebeganthesteepdes__nttothebay.再说杰里,他一看见妈妈到了海滩,就开始沿着陡峭的路向下面海湾走去Fromwherehewashighupamongred-brownrocksitwasascoopofmovingbluishgreen藍綠色fringed邊緣withwhite.从他站的那个地方看去,它就像一把矗立在一群红棕色的岩石中镶着白边的__的蓝绿色的勺子Ashewentlowerhesawthatitspreadamong__allpromontories小岬andinletsofroughsharprockandthecrisping易碎的lappingsu_____showedstains斑點ofpurpleanddarkerblue.越往下走,他发现它的四周有很多小岬和满是又尖又粗糙的岩石的水湾,被波涛拍打的易碎的表面上显出紫色和深蓝色的斑点Finallyasheranslidingandscrapingdownthelastfewyardshesawanedgeofwhitesurf海浪andtheshallow淺淺的luminous(亮亮地)movementofwateroverwhitesandandbeyondthatasolidhe__yblue.终于在最后的几码,他跑着向下滑去,他看见了澎湃的白色海浪的边缘,海水在白色的沙子上面浅浅地、亮亮地__着,远处则是一种实在的蓝色16-8Heranstraightintothewaterandbeganswimming.他径直跑进水中并开始游了起来`Hewasagoodswimmer.Hewentoutfastoverthegleaming閃光sandoveramiddleregionwhererockslaylikediscolouredmonsters褪了色的魔鬼underthesu_____他是一名很好的游泳者,他很快游到了闪光的沙子上,到了就像有褪了色的水下魔鬼一样的礁石中间区域,andthenhewasintherealseaawarmseawhereirregularcoldcurrentsfromthedeepwatershockedhislimbs四肢.然后他到了真正的海里,一片温暖的海水,在这里来自深海的寒冷的水流不时撞击着他的四肢16-9Whenhewassofaroutthathecouldlookbacknotonlyonthelittlebaybutpastthepromontory海岬thatwasbetweenitandthebigbeach当他游到足够远的地方,回头望时不仅看到了那小小的海湾,而越过夹在其中的海角和那个大海滩,hefloatedonthebuoyant浮力su_____andlookedforhismother.Thereshewasaspeck斑點ofyellowunderanumbrellathatlookedlikeasli__oforange-peel.他漂在浮力相当大的海面上寻找他妈妈,她就在那儿,一把伞下看上去就像一片橘子皮一样的黄点Heswambacktoshorerelieved放心atbeingsureshewastherebutallaton__verylonely.他向海岸游去,确信她在那里一切都很好,感到非常欣慰,但是突然他觉得她很孤独16-10Ontheedgeofa__allcape小海角that__rkedthesideofthebayawayfromthepromontorywasaloosescatterofrocks.在作为海湾与岬的标志边的一个小海角的边缘零散分布着一些礁石Abovethemsomeboyswerestrippingofftheirclothes.在这些礁石的上面,有一些男孩正在__衣服Theycamerunningnaked裸體的downtotherocks.他们全身__地跑到礁石那里TheEnglishboyswamtowardsthemandkepthisdistan__atastonesthrow.一箭之隔这个英国男孩朝他们游去,并与他们保持着一箭之隔的距离Theywereofthatcoastallofthemburned__oothdarkbrownandspeakingalanguagehedidnotunderstand.他们是属于那个海岸的,每个人都被太阳晒得皮肤光滑而呈深棕色,他们说着他听不懂的语言Tobewiththemofthemwasacr__ing渴望thatfilledhiswholebody.Heswamalittlecloser;theyturnedandwatchedhimwithnarrowed眯著alertdarkeyes.和他们在一起,成为他们中的一员的渴望遍布他的全身他游近了一点儿他们转过身来,眯着深色的眼睛警觉地望着他Thenone__iledandw__ed.Itwasenough.Inaminutehehadswuminandwasontherocksbesidethem__ilingwithadesperate無望的nervoussupplication(緊張的請求).然后有一个人微笑着招了招手这就足够了一会儿他已经游了过来,爬上了礁石来到了他们的身边微笑中充满几乎无望而又紧张的哀求Theyshoutedcheerfulgreetingsathimandthenashepreservedhisnervous緊張uncomprehending(不了解)__iletheyunderstoodthathewasaforeignerstrayedfrom離開hisownbeachandtheypro__ededtoforgethim.Buthewashappy.Hewaswiththem.他们兴高采烈地叫喊着向他打招呼,随后,当他仍保持着他的紧张和不能理解微笑时.他们明白了他是一个离开了他自己海滩的外国人,接下来就把他忘掉了,但是他很高兴,因为他和他们在一起16-11Theybegandiving潛水againandagainfromahighpointintoawellofblueseabetweenroughpointedrocks.他们开始一次次地从高处跳入尖而粗糙的岩石包围而成的一片井状水域Aftertheyhaddivedandcomeuptheyswamroundhauledthemselvesup爬上來andwaitedtheirturntodiveagain.他们潜水之后浮上来,游上一游,爬上来,然后等着轮到自己再去跳水TheywerebigboysmentoJerry.对杰里来说,他们够是大男孩Hedivedandtheywatchedhimandwhenheswamroundtotakehispla__they__dewayforhim.--大人他去跳水,他们一直看着他,他游过来排队时,他们给他让了一个地方Hefelthewasac__ptedandhedivedagaincarefullyproudofhimself.他觉得他们接纳了他,他又小心翼翼地跳了一次水,感到非常自豪16-12Jerrydivedshotpasttheschoolofunderwaterswimmerssawablackwallofrockloomingathimtoucheditandbobbedupaton__tothesu_____杰里跳入水中超过了一群水下的游泳者,看见一大块像墙一样的岩石正在回避他,他摸了摸,随即迅速浮上水面,wherethewallwasalowbarrierhecouldseeacross.在这里他从水中看去那堵墙是一个低低的屏障Therewasnoonevisible;underhiminthewaterthedimshapesoftheswimmershaddisappeared.周围一个人也看不见,在他的下面,在水下,游泳者们的模糊的影子也消失了Thenoneandthenanotheroftheboyscameuponthefarsideofthebarrierofrockandheunderstoodthattheyhadswumthroughsomegaporholeinit.就在这时,一个又一个男孩从那块岩石的另一端浮上来他明白了他们是从一个沟或沟里游过去的`Heplungeddownagain.Hecouldseenothingthroughthestingingsaltwaterbuttheblankrock.他又一次潜到水中,除了那块岩石,透过咸咸的刺人眼痛的海水,他什么也看不见Whenhecameuptheboyswereallonthedivingrockpreparingtoattemptthefeatagain.当他浮上水面时,男孩们都站到了跳水的岩石上,准备做再一次的表演Andnowinapanic驚慌offailureheyelledupinEnglishLookatme!Look!andhebegansplashing拍andkicking(踢)inthewaterlikeafoolishdog.此时,沉浸在失败的恐慌之中的他,用英语大声叫起来,“快看我!看呀!接着他开始在水中连拍带踢,就像一条笨___16-13Theylookeddowngr__elyfrowning.Heknewthefrown.他们皱着眉头严肃地向下看着,他知道他们皱眉的意思Atmomentsoffailurewhenheclowned小丑toclaimhismothersattentionitwaswithjustthisgr__e嚴embarrassed困窘inspectionthatsherewardedhim.每次失败的时候,当他扮做小丑胡闹时引起妈妈注意的时候,这种严肃而困窘的审视就是妈妈对他的回报,Throughhishotshamefeelingthepleadinggrin懇求的笑容onhisfa__likeascar傷疤thathecouldneverremove他满脸羞愧,觉得那脸上恳求的笑容就像永远抹不掉的疤痕helookedupatthegroupofbigbrownboysontherockandshoutedBonjour!Merci!Aurevoir!Monsieurmonsieur!whilehehookedhisfingersroundhisearsandwaggledthem.他抬头看着那一群站在岩石上的满身棕色的高大男孩,喊道“日安!谢谢!再见!先生!先生!”并将手弯曲着放在身后晃动着16-14Watersurgedintohismouth;hechokedsankcameup.水涌进他的嘴里,他呛了一口水,沉了下去,又浮上来Therocklatelyweighted離開withboysseemedtorearupoutofthewaterastheirweightwasremoved.孩子们总上去的那块岩石好像因为他们的离开而浮出了水面Theywereflyingdownpasthimnowintothewater;theairwasfulloffallingbo___s.此刻,他们越过他跳入水中,空中到处都是落下的身影Thentherockwasemptyinthehotsunlight.Hecountedonetwothree...随后那块岩石在炽热的阳光下变成空空的,他数着
一、
二、三……16-15Atfiftyhewasterrified.Theymustallbedrowningbeneathhiminthewateryc__esoftherock!数到五十的时候他害怕了他们一定是在他下面的水里,就在那岩石充满了水的洞中游泳了!Atahundredhestaredaroundhimattheemptyhillsidewonderingifheshouldyellforhelp.数到一百的时候,他外观着周围空空荡荡的岩石,琢磨着是不是应该喊救命Hecountedfasterfastertohurrythemuptobringthemtothesu_____quickly他数得越来越快,想让他们快点游,尽快游到水面上来,todrownthemquicklyanythingratherthantheterrorofcountingonandonintotheblueemptinessofthemorning.很快会把他们淹死的--不管是死是活,尽快浮上水面他惧怕这样一直数下去,数一个上午眼前仍是空荡荡的蓝色天空和海洋Andthenatahundredandsixtythewaterbeyondtherockwasfullofboysblowinglikebrownwhales.Theyswambacktotheshorewithoutalookathim.接着,数到一百六十时,离那块岩石很远的水面上,到处都是那群男孩,他们就像棕色的鲸鱼一样喷着水他们游向海边,连一眼也不看他16-16Heclimbedbacktothedivingrockandsatdownfeelingthehotroughnessofitunderhisthighs.__,他爬回到那块跳水的岩石上坐了下来,觉得__下的岩石又热又粗糙Theboysweregatheringuptheirbitsofclothingandrunningoffalongtheshoretoanotherpromontory(海角)Theywerele__ingtogetawayfromhim.男孩子们拾起他们的衣服沿着海边向另一个海角跑去他们离去是为了躲开他,Hecriedopenlyfistsinhiseyes.Therewasnoonetoseehimandhecriedhimselfout.他毫不掩饰地大笑起来,用手揉着泪眼没有人看见他,他放声大笑16-17Itseemedtohimthatalongtimehadpassedandheswamouttowherehecouldseehismother.好像过了很长时问,他又游到了能看见她媽媽的地方Yesshewasstillthereayellowspotunderanorangeumbrella.是的,她还在那儿,橘黄色伞下的一个小黄点Heswambacktothebigrockclimbedupanddivedintothebluepoolamongthefanged尖尖的andangry(憤怒的)boulders海岬他游回到那块大岩石,爬了上去,跳进了四周全是尖尖的又好像充满愤怒的海岬中的一潭蓝水中.Downhewentuntilhetouchedthewallofrockagain.Butthesaltwassopainfulinhiseyesthathecouldnotsee.他向下潜着,一直又触到了那块岩石槽可是海水中的盐分使他的眼非常疼,以致什么也看不见16-18Hecametothesu_____swamtoshoreandwentbacktothevillatowaitforhismother.他浮上了水面,游到海边,回到__里等妈妈Soonshewalkedslowlyupthepathswingingherstripedbagtheflushednakedarmdanglingbesideher.不久她慢慢地从小路上走上来,条纹的提包来回摆动着,那红红的__的胳膊垂在身后“Iwantsomeswimminggoggles潛水鏡hepanteddefiant挑戰andbeseeching懇求.我想要潜水镜,”他气喘吁吁地说着,眼中充满对抗和恳求 16-19Sheg__ehimapatientinquisitive詢問lookasshesaidcasuallyWellofcoursedarling.她用耐心而又询问的目光看了看他,顺口说道,“当然可以,亲爱的”16-20Butnownownow!Hemusth__ethemthisminuteandnoothertime.可是就是现在,现在,现在!他必须现在就要,不是别的时候Henagged嘮叨andpestered(糾纏)untilshewentwithhimtoashop.他唠叨着,纠缠着一直到她和他一起走进一个商店Assoonasshehadboughtthegoggleshegrabbedthemfromherhandasifsheweregoingtoclaimthemforherselfandwasoffrunningdownthesteeppathtothebay.她刚一给他买了一副游泳镜,好像她要把眼镜据为己有,他一把从她手中抓了过去,沿着通往海湾的坡路向下跑去16-21Jerryswamouttothebigbarrierrockadjustedthegogglesanddived.Theimpactofthewater水的壓力broketherubber-enclosedvacuumandthegogglescameloose.杰里游到了那块大岩石处,调整了潜水镜就潜下水去水的压力破坏了橡胶包围的真空,潜水镜松了,Heunderstoodthathemustswimdowntothebaseoftherockfromthesu_____ofthewater.他明白了,他必须从水面游到岩石的最下边Hefixedthegogglestightandfirmfilledhislungsandfloatedfa__downonthewater.他把潜水镜扎紧扎牢,憋了一口气,浮在水面,脸朝下Nowhecouldsee.Itwasasifhehadeyesofadifferentkindfish-eyesthatshowedeverythingclearanddelicate細小的andw__eringinthebrightwater.这时他看清楚了他好像有了一对另外的一种眼睛,能够看清楚清澈的水中微小并且摆动着的东西的鱼眼睛16-22Underhimsixorsevenfeetdownwasafloorofperfectlycleanshiningwhitesandrippledfirmandhardbythetides潮水.在他下面六七英尺深的地方,是一片极其干净、闪光的白色沙子,已被潮水冲刷得坚硬实在了`Twogreyishshapessteeredtherelikelongroundedpie__sofwoodorslate.Theywerefish.两个灰色的像两个又长又圆的木头或石板一样的影子又向那里游来,它们是鱼Hesawthemnosetowardseachotherpoisemotionless一動不動__keadartforwardswerveoff突然轉向andcomeroundagain.他看见它们向对方游去,然后一动不动地悬着,快速地向前驰去,突然转向,又转回来Itwaslikeawaterdan__.Afewinchesabovethemthewatersparkled閃光asifsequins光片weredroppingthroughit.像是水中舞蹈在它们上面几英尺的地方,海水就像有光片从中穿过一样闪闪发光Fishagainmyriads無數ofminutefishthelengthofhisfinger-nailweredriftingthroughthewater又是鱼--无数小鱼,跟他的指甲一般大小,在水中漂流,andinamomenthecouldfeeltheinnumerabletinytouchesofthemagainsthislimbs.不一会儿他就觉得它们在他的四肢上留下的无数小小的触觉Itwaslikeswimminginflaked薄薄的silver.就好像在薄薄的银片中游泳一样`Thegreatrockthebigboyshadswumthroughrosesheer徑直冒出來outofthewhitesandblacktuftedlightly輕輕捆住withgreenishweed.那些大孩子们从中游过的那块巨石从白色的沙子和像是用线轻轻捆住的绿色海草中,径直冒了出来Hecouldseenogapinit.Heswamdowntoitsbase.他看不到岩石上有任何缝隙他游到了它的底部16-23Againandagainherosetookabigchestfulofairandwentdown.他一次又一次地冒出水面,吸足气再潜下去Againandagainhegropedoverthesu_____oftherockfeelingitalmosthuggingitinthedesperateneedtofindtheentran__.他一次又一次地在岩石的表面搜寻着,摸索着,差不多是急于找到出口地紧抱着它Andthenon__whilehewasclinging抓住totheblackwallhiskneescameupandheshothisfeetoutforwardandtheymetnoobstacle障礙.Hehadfoundthehole.然后,有一次当他紧紧抓住那堵黑色的墙,他的双膝向上然后他将双脚向前伸去,前面没有任何障碍他找到了那个洞16-24Hegainedthesu_____clamberedaboutthestonesthatlitteredthebarrierrockuntilhefoundabigone他到了表面,在散落在岩石屏障上的碎石中爬着,直到发现了一块大石头,andwiththisinhisarmslethimselfdownoverthesideoftherock.怀里抱着这块石头沉到岩石边Hedroppedwiththeweightstraighttothesandyfloor.他带着那块石头沉了下去,一直沉到沙子的海床上Clingingtighttotheanchorofstonehelayonhissideandlookedinunderthedarkshelfatthepla__wherehisfeethadgone.Hecouldseethehole.紧紧抓住石头锚,他侧过身在他的脚伸进去的那个地方的岩棚下向内探视,他能看到那个洞Itwasanirregulardarkgapbuthecouldnotseedeepintoit.Heletgoofhisanchorclungwithhishandstotheedgesoftheholeandtriedtopushhimselfin.这是一个凹凸不平的沟,但是他看不到太深的地方他松开了他的锚,用他的手紧紧抓住洞边,并试图把他自己推进去16-25Hegothisheadinfoundhisshouldersjammedmovedtheminsidewiseandwasinsideasfarashiswaist.腰部他的头进去了,发现他的肩膀夹住了,侧着身子把肩膀挤进洞去,一直到了他的腰部Hecouldseenothingahead.再往前什么也看不见了`Somethingsoftandclammy濕粘的touchedhismouthhesawadarkfrond葉狀物movingagainstthegreyishrockandpanicfilledhim.一种软软的冷而粘的东西碰到了他的嘴,他看到一个深色的叶状物向着灰色的岩石移来,他的心中充满了恐慌,Hethoughtofoctopuses章鱼ofclingingweed纏人的雜草.Hepushedhimselfoutbackwardandcaughtaglimpseasheretreatedofaharmlesstentacleofseaweed海草須driftinginthemouthofthetunnel.他想到了章鱼,缠人的杂草他向后退了出来,当他后退时,瞥见了隧洞口浮动着的无害的海草须Butitwasenough.Hereachedthesunlightswamtoshoreandlayonthedivingrock.但这就足够了又沐浴在阳光下了,向海边游去,躺在了跳水的岩石上Helookeddowninthebluewellofwater.Heknewhemustfindhiswaythroughthatc__eorholeortunnelandouttheotherside.他看了看下面的蓝色水域的海水他知道他一定要找到那个洞穴,或是洞,或是隧洞,然后再从另一端出去16-26Firsthethoughthemustlearntocontrolhisbreathing.他想,首先要学会控制呼吸Helethimselfdownintothewaterwithanotherbigstoneinhisarmssothathecouldlieeffortlessly毫不費勁地onthebottomofthesea.他拖着另外一块大石头沉到了水下,以至于他毫不费力就到了海底Hecounted.Onetwothree.Hecountedsteadily.Hecouldhearthemovementofbloodinhischest.他数着,
一、
二、三他不断地数着,他能够听到血液在他胸中的流动,Fifty-onefifty-two...Hischestwashurting.
五十一、五十二……他的胸部隐隐作痛Heletgooftherockandwentupintotheair.Hesawthatthesunwaslow.他放开了石头,浮上水面他看见太阳已经低了,Herushedtothevillaandfoundhismotherathersupper.ShesaidonlyDidyouenjoyyourselfandhesaidYes. 他跑到了__,看见妈妈在吃晚餐,她只是说了句“你玩得开心吗?”他答道“是的”16-27Allnighttheboydreamedofthewater-filledc__eintherockandassoonasbreakfastwasoverhewenttothebay.整个晚上这个男孩都梦见岩石中充满水的那个洞穴,一吃完早饭,他就去了海湾16-28Thatnighthisnosebledbadly.Forhourshehadbeenunderwaterlearningtoholdhisbreathandnowhefeltweakanddizzy頭昏眼花.那天夜里他的鼻子出了很多血他在水下呆了好几个小时,练习憋气,这时他觉得虚弱而且头昏眼花HismothersaidIshouldntoverdothingsdarlingifIwereyou.他妈妈说“亲爱的,如果我是你,我就不会把事情做过头的”16-29ThatdayandthenextJerryexercisedhislungsasifeverythingthewholeofhislifeallthathewouldbecomedependeduponit.那天和第二天,杰里练习他的肺部好像所有的一切,他全部的生活,他将变成的一切全都取决于它Andagainhisnosebledatnightandhismotherinsistedonhiscomingwithherthenextday.晚上他的鼻子又出血了,他妈妈坚持让他第二天跟她呆在一起Itwasatorment痛苦tohimtowasteadayofhiscarefulself-training对他来说浪费一天认真的自我训练就是一种痛苦,buthestayedwithheronthatotherbeachwhichnowseemedapla__for__allchildrenapla__wherehismothermightliesafeinthesun.Itwasnothisbeach.然而他还是在那个海滩上和她呆在一起这个海滩现在好像是小孩子们的地方了,一个他妈妈能平平安安地躺在太阳下面的地方这儿不是他的海滩16-30Hedidnotaskforpermissiononthefollowingdaytogotohisbeach.第二天,他没有得到允许就去了他的海滩Hewentbeforehismothercouldconsiderthecomplicatedrightsandwrongsofthe__tter.在他妈妈没来得及考虑这件事的复杂的对与错之前他就去了Adaysresthediscoveredhadimprovedhiscountbyten.经过一天的休息,他发觉他憋气的时间比过去增加了十个数Thebigboyshad__dethepassagewhilehecountedahundredandsixty.Hehadbeencountingfastinhisfright.那些大男孩们在他数到一百六十下时,游完了全程,他在恐慌中数得很快,Probablynowifhetriedhecouldgetthroughthatlongtunnelbuthewasnotgoingtotryyet.如果他试一试,也许现在他能游过那条长长的隧洞,但是他还不想试试Acurious好奇的mostunchildlike成熟的persisten__執著acontrolledimpatien____dehimwait一种好奇的、非常成熟的执著,一种被控制的焦躁让他等待Inthemeantimehelayunderwateronthewhitesand与此同时,他躺在水下的白沙上,litterednowbystoneshehadbroughtdownfromtheupperairandstu___dtheentran__tothetunnel.沙床上现在散落着他带下来的露在水面上的石头,并且研究着隧洞的入口,Hekneweveryjut突出andcornerofitasfarasitwaspossibletosee.只要是能够看到的每一个突出的部分和角落,他都知道,Itwasasifhealreadyfeltitssharpnessabouthisshoulders好像他已经感到了它在他的肩膀上的留下的刺痛一样【考点解析】
1.辨析unfailingpara.3和lastingunfailing:尤指优良的特性无尽的;无穷的;永久的e.g.
①withunfailinginterest永不衰竭的兴趣;
②anunfailingadmirerofmodernart永远热爱现代艺术的人lasting:持续的;永久的e.g.alastingsorrow长哀
2.asforpara.7至于,关于[同]astoasregardswithrespecttoe.g.AsforyouIneverwanttoseeyouhereagain.至于你,我永远也不想在这里再见到你注意asfor和asto的区别二者都可表示“至于,关于”,asto另可表示“与…有关”e.g.Everyweektheyre__ivedreportsastowhatwasgoingon.每星期他们都收到有关进展情况的报告
3.atastonesthrowpara.10一投石之距离;短距离e.g.
①Thepostoffi__isonlyastonesthrowaway.邮局就在近处
②Thehousewaswithinastonesthrowofsea.这座房屋离海不远
4.辨析uncomprehendingpara.10和incomprehensibleuncomprehending:不领悟的,不理解的,一般用来描述人比如auncomprehending__ile是说人因不理解而微笑incomprehensible:不可理解的,不容易了解的,一般用来描述物比如aincomprehensible__ile是说微笑让人不理解
5.strayfrompara.10偏离;走离e.g.
①strayfromtherightpath偏离正道
②Dontstrayfromthepoint.不要离题乱扯
6.辨析weightpara.14和weighweight:加重量于weigh:称……的重量,掂估……的分量
7.swerveoffpara.22突然转向有一只狗跑到车前,我们急忙把车转向左边
8.辨析effortlesslypara.26easilyeffortlessly和easily都可表示“容易地”,但effortlessly主要是因为不费力,不用做出努力而变得容易e.g.
①lieeffortlesslyonthebottomofthesea毫不费力到了海底
②lieeasilyonthebottomofthesea很容易到了海底
9.insistonpara.27坚决主张,坚决要求,一定要e.g.
①Heinsistsonhisinno__n__.他坚持自己无罪
②Heinsistedonmygoingwithhim.他坚持要我和他同去
10.辨析persisten__para.27和perseveran__persisten__和perseveran__都可表示“坚持”但persisten__经常是坚持不合情理的东西而显得固执,而perseveran__表示为了达到某个目的而表现出的毅力,坚持不懈上册Lesson1RockSuperstars关于我们和我们的社会,他们告诉了我们些什么?WhatDoThey____UsAboutOurselvesandOurSociety摇滚乐是青少年叛逆的音乐 ——摇滚乐评论家约相罗克韦尔Rockisthemusicofteenagerebellion.---JohnRockwellrockmusiccritic知其崇拜何人便可知其人 ——小说家罗伯特佩恩沃伦Bya__n’sheroesyeshallknowhim.---RobertPennWarrennovelist1972年6月的一天,芝加哥圆形剧场挤满了大汗淋漓、疯狂摇摆的人们Itwasmid-June1972theChicagoAmphitheaterwaspackedswelteringrocking.滚石摇滚乐队的迈克贾格尔正在台上演唱“午夜漫步人”MickJaggeroftheRollingStoneswassinging“MidnightRambler.”演唱结束时评论家唐赫克曼在现场CriticDonHeck__nwastherewhenthesongended.他描述道“贾格尔抓起一个半加仑的水罐沿舞台前沿边跑边把里面的水洒向前几排汗流浃背的听众听众们蜂拥般跟随着他跑,急切地希望能沾上几滴洗礼的圣水“Jagger”hesaid“grabsahalf-gallonjugofwaterandrunsalongthefrontplatformsprinklingitscontentsoverthefirstfewrowsofswelteringlisteners.Theysurgetofollowhimeagertobetouchedbyafewbapti__aldrops”.1973年12月下旬的一天,约
1.4万名歌迷在华盛顿市外的首都中心剧场尖叫着,乱哄哄地拥向台前ItwaslateDe__mber1973Some14000screamingfanswerecrunchinguptothefrontofthestageatCapital__nteroutsideWashingtonD.C.美国的恐怖歌星艾利丝库珀的表演正接近尾声Ali__CooperAmerica’ssingingghoulwasendinghisact.他表演的最后一幕是假装在断头台上结束自己的生命Heendsitbypretendingtoendhislife–withaguillotine.他的“头”落入一个草篮中His“head”dropsintoastrawbasket.“哎呀!”一个黑衣女孩子惊呼道“啊!真是了不起,不是吗?”“Ooh”gaspedagirldressedinblack.“Ohisn’tthat__rvelous”当时,14岁的迈克珀力也在场,但他的父母不在那里Fourteen-year-oldMickPerliewastheretoobuthisparentsweren’t.“他们觉得他恶心,恶心,恶心,”迈克说,“他们对我说,你怎么受得了那些?”“Theythinkhe’ssicksicksick”Mikesaid.“Theysaytome‘Howcanyoustandthatstuff’”1974年1月下旬的一天,在纽约州尤宁谷城拿__育场内,鲍勃狄伦和“乐队”乐队正在为音乐会上要用的乐器调音ItwaslateJanuary
1974.InsidetheNassauColiseuminUniondaleNewYorkBobDylanandTheBandweretuningforacon__rt.馆外,摇滚歌迷克利斯辛格在大雨中等待着入场OutsideinthepouringrainfanChrisSingerwaswaitingtogetin.“这是朝圣,”克利斯说,“我应该跪着爬进去”“Thisispilgri__ge”Chrissaid“Ioughttobecrawlingonmyknees.”对于这一切好评及____,你___?Howdoyoufeelaboutallthisadulationandheroworship当米克贾格尔的崇拜者们把他视为上帝的最高代表或是一个神时,你是赞成还是__?WhenMickJagger’sfanslookathimasahighpriestoragodareyouwiththemoragainstthem你也和克利斯辛格一样对鲍勃狄伦怀有几乎是宗教般的崇敬吗?DoyoushareChrisSinger’salmostreligiousreveren__forBobDylan你认为他或狄伦是步入歧途吗?Doyouthinkhe–orDylan–ismisguided你也认为艾利丝库珀令人恶心而拒不接受吗?DoyourejectAli__Cooperassick难道你会莫名其妙地被这个奇怪的小丑吸引,原因就在于他表达出你最狂热的幻想?Orareyoudrawnsomehowtothisstrangeclownperhapsbecauseheactsoutyourwildestfantasies这些并不是闲谈Thesearen’tidlequestions.有些社会学家认为对这些问题的回答可以充分说明你在想些什么以及社会在想些什么——也就是说,有关你和社会的态度Somesociologistssaythatyouranswerstothemcouldexplainalotaboutwhatyouarethinkingandaboutwhatyoursocietyisthinking–inotherwordsaboutwhereyouandyoursocietyare.社会学家欧文霍洛威茨说“音乐表现其时代”“Musicexpresseditstimes”sayssociologistIrvingHorowitz.霍洛威茨把摇滚乐的舞台视为某种辩论的__,一个各种思想交锋的场所Horowitzseestherockmusicarenaasasortofdebatingforumapla__whereideasclashandcrash.他把它看作是一个美国社会努力为自己的感情及信仰不断重新进行解释的地方Heseesitasapla__whereAmericansocietystrugglestodefineandredefineitsfeelingsandbeliefs.他说“重新解释是一项只有青年人才能执行的任务只有他们才把创造与夸张、理性与运动、言语与声音、音乐与__融为一体”“Theredefinition”Horowitzsays“isataskuniquelyperformedbytheyoung.Itistheyalonewhocombineinventionandexaggerationreasonandmotionwordandsoundmusicandpolitics.”作曲兼演唱家托德伦德格伦对这个观点表示赞同ToddRundgrenthecomposerandsingeragrees.他说“摇滚乐与其说是一种音乐力量不如说是一种社会心理的表现就连埃尔维斯普雷斯利也并非是一种伟大的音乐力量,他只不过是体现了50年代青少年那种心灰意冷的精神状态”“Rockmusic”hesays“isreallyasociologicalexpressionratherthanamusicalfor__.EvenElvisPresleywasn’treallyagreatmusicalfor__.It’sjustthatElvis__nagedtoembodythefrustratedteenagespiritofthe1950s.”毫无疑问,普雷斯利震惊了美国的__世界OfcoursePresleyhorrified_____America.报纸写社论攻击他,电视网也禁止播他,但也许埃尔维斯证实了霍洛威茨和伦德格伦的看法NewspaperseditorializedagainsthimandTVnetworksbannedhim.ButElvis__yh__eprovedwhatHorowitzandRundgrenbelieve.当他通过电视上埃德沙利文的星期日晚间的综艺节目出现在千百万人面前时,就引起了某种辩论WhenheappearedontheEd.SullivanSundaynightvarietyshowinfrontofmillionsakindof“debate”tookpla__.多数年纪大的观众眉头紧皱,而大多数年轻观众则报以掌声欢迎Mostoftheolderviewersfrownedwhilemostoftheyoungerviewersapplauded.摇滚乐评论家们说,从埃尔维斯到艾利丝,许多歌星帮助我们的社会解说其信仰与态度BetweenElvisandAli__rockcriticssayanumberofrockstarsh__ehelpedoursocietydefineitsbeliefsandattitudes.鲍勃狄伦触动了对现状不满的神经,他唱到民权、核散落物以及孤独BobDylantouchedanerveofdisaffection.Hespokeofcivilrightsnuclearfalloutandloneliness.他唱到变革和老一代人的迷茫,他在歌声中唱道“这儿正发生着什么事,你不知道是什么事,对吗,琼斯先生?”Hespokeofchangeandofthebewildermentofanoldergeneration.“Something’shappeninghere”hesang.“Youdon’tknowwhatitisdoyouMr.Jones”其他人也加入了这场辩论Othersenteredthedebate.霍洛威茨说,甲壳虫乐队以幽默的方式,或许还借助麻醉品的力量来倡导和平与虔诚傲慢无理、打架斗殴的滚石乐队成员要求__杰斐逊飞机乐队的歌曲“我们能够联合”和“志愿者”(有一场__)则是激进青年的更进一步的两项声明TheBeatlesHorowitzsaidurgedpea__andpietywithhumorand__ybealittlehelpfromdrugs.TheRollingStonesarrogantstreet-fightingmende__ndedrevolution.TheJeffersonAirplane’s“WeCanBeTogether”andVolunteersGotaRevolution”weretwofurtherstatementsofradicalyouth.但__并不是60年代强硬派摇滚乐所辩论的惟一主题,始终作为任何音乐永恒组成部分的情感也是一个重要题目Butpoliticswasn’ttheonlysu__ectdebatedinthehardrockofthesixties.Feelingsalwaysapartofanymusicalstatementwerea__jorsu__ect.詹妮丝乔普林用歌声表达自己的悲哀JanisJophinsangofhersadness.甲壳虫乐队揭示出爱与恨之间的一系列的感情TheBeatlesshowedtherewerearangeofemotionsbetweenloveandhate.以后又出现了“乐队”乐队把乡村音乐和西部音乐所表达的较为传统的观念与强硬派摇滚乐较为激进的“都市”观念结合在一起ThencameTheBandmixingthemoretraditionalideasofcountryandwesternmusicintothemoreradical”city”ideasofthehardrock.霍洛威茨认为这一成分的乡村音乐帮助听众表达了一种“摆脱这一切”,“重返过去时光”的强烈愿望ThiscountryelementHorowitzfeelshelpeditsau___n__expressanurgeto“getawayfromitall”to“gobacktotheoldday.当前最能说明霍洛威茨看法的例子之一就是约翰丹佛,他最著名的歌曲《阳光照在我肩上》、《高高的落基山》和《乡间小路》把民间摇滚乐的音乐灵魂与力量结合了起来,而歌词则赞美了“往日美好时光”的朴素的欢乐.”OneofthebestcurrentexamplesofwhatHorotwitzistalkingaboutisJohnDenver.Hismostnotablesongs–“SunshineonMyShoulders”“RockyMountainHigh”and“CountryRoad”–combinethemusicaldriveandpoweroffolkrockwhilethelyrics__lebratethe______joysof“thegoodolddays.”这样的例子不胜枚举Thelistcouldgoonandon.这些摇滚乐音乐家们和所有的艺术家一样反映出我们借以认识并形成属于自己的感情与信念Likeallartiststheserockmusiciansmirrorfeelingsandbeliefsthathelpusseeandformourown.我们以什么来回报他们呢?当然是掌声和赞美WhatdowegivetheminreturnApplauseandpraiseofcourse.在1972年的一次全国__测验中,10%的男高中生和30%以上的女高中生都说他们最崇拜的人是超级摇滚歌星Inone1972nationalopinionpollmorethan10per__ntofthehighschoolboysand20per__ntofthegirlssaidtheirherowasarocksuperstar.此外我们给他们金钱,商业__《福布斯》认为,“当今成为百万富翁的捷径是当摇滚歌星”Wealsogivethemmoney.“Thefastestwaytobecomeamillionairethesedays”saysForbesabusiness__gazine“istobecomearock‘n’rollstar.”今天的英雄们——至少其中____——告诉我们,他们很喜欢所得到的报偿Today’sheroes–someofthemanyway–____ustheyenjoytheirrewards.“我暗自嘲笑这些先生们和女士们他们从没想到过我们会成为金娃娃”演唱这支歌曲的是“文化英雄”艾利丝库珀“AndIlaughedtomyselfatthemenandthela___s.Whonevercon__ivedofusbillion-dollarbabies.”Theparticular“culturehero”whosingsthatisAli__cooper.可是,仍然存在着一个大问题___他是文化英雄?Thebigquestionre__ins:Whyisheaculturehero他,或者当今任何其他走红的摇滚歌星能告诉我们些什么有关他们的歌迷的事情?Whatdoeshe–oranyothercurrentrocksuc__ss–____usabouthisfans对于我们自己和我们的社会有些什么了解?现在怎样,过去如何,将来又将向何处去?AboutourselvesandoursocietyWhereitiswhereitwaswhereit’sheading青年人的四种选择Lesson2:FourChoi__sforYoungPeople在毕业前不久,斯坦福大学四年级__吉姆宾司给我写了___,信中谈及他的一些不安ShortlybeforehisgraduationJimBinnspresidentoftheseniorclassatStanfordUniversitywrotemeaboutsomeofhismisgivings.他写道“与其他任何一代人相比,我们这一代人在看待__世界时抱有更大的疑虑……同时越来越倾向于全盘否定__世界”“Morethananyothergeneration”hesaid“ourgenerationviewsthe_____worldwithgreatskeptici__…thereisalsoanincreasedtendencytorejectcompletelythatworld.”很明显,他的话代表了许多同龄人的看法Apparentlyhespeaksforalotofhiscontemporaries.在过去的几年里,我倾听过许多年轻人的谈话,他们有的还在大学读书,有的已经毕业,他们对于__的世界同样感到不安DuringthelastfewyearsIh__elistenedtoscoresofyoungpeopleincollegeandoutwhowerejustasnervousaboutthegrownworld.大致来说,他们的态度可归纳如下“这个世界乱糟糟的,到处充满了不平等、贫困和战争对此该负责的大概应是那些管理这个世界的成年人吧如果他们不能做得比这些更好,他们又能拿什么来教育我们呢?这样的教导,我们根本不需要”Roughlytheirattitudemightbesummedupaboutlikethis:“Theworldisinprettymuchofamessfullofinjusti__povertyandwar.Thepeopleresponsiblearepresu__blythe_____swhoh__ebeenrunningthing.Iftheycan’tdobetterthanthatwhath__etheygottoteachourgenerationThatkindoflessonwecandowithout.”我觉得这些结论合情合理,至少从他们的角度来看是这样的Thereconclusionsstrikemeasreasonableatleastfromtheirpointofview.对成长中的一代人来说,相关的问题不是我们的社会是否__(我们可以想当然地认为是这样),而是应该如何去应付它Therelevantquestionforthearrivinggenerationisnotwhetheroursocietyisimperfectwecantakethatforgrantedbuthowtodealwithit.尽管这个社会严酷而不合情理,但它毕竟是我们惟一拥有的世界Forallitsharshnessandirrationalityitistheonlyworldwe’vegot.因此,选择一个办法去应付这个社会是刚刚步入成年的年轻人必须作出的第一个决定,这通常是他们一生中最重要的决定Choosingastrategytocopewithitthenisthefirstdecisionyoung_____sh__eto__keandusuallythemostimportantdecisionoftheirlifetime.根据我的发现,他们的基本选择只有四种SofarasIh__ebeenabletodiscoverthereareonlyfourbasicalternatives:1)脱离传统社会1)DropOut这是最古老的方法之一,任何年龄的人无论在任何地方,也无论是否使用迷幻剂都可以采用Thisisoneoftheoldestexpe___ntsanditcanbepracti__danywhereatanyageandwithorwithouttheuseofhallucinogens.那些认为这个世界残酷、复杂得令人难以忍受的人通常会选择这个办法Italwayshasbeenthestrategyofchoi__forpeoplewhofindtheworldtoobrutalortoocomplextobeendured.实质上,这是一种寄生式的生活方式,采取此策略的人通过这样或那样的方式寄生于这个他们蔑视的社会,并且拒绝对这个社会承担责任Bydefinitionthiswayoflifeisparasitic.Inonewayoranotheritspractitionersbattenonthesocietywhichtheyscornandinwhichtheyrefusetotakeanyresponsibility.我们中的一些人对此很厌恶——认为这种生活方式很不光彩Someofusfindthisdistasteful–anundignifiedkindoflife.但对于那些卑微、懒惰又缺乏自尊的人来说,这也许是可行的最可以忍受的选择了Butforthepoorinspiritwithlowlevelsofbothenergyandprideit__ybetheleastintolerablechoi____ailable.2)逃避现实社会2Flee这个策略早在远古就有先例Thisstrategyalsohasancientante__dents.自文明诞生以来,就有人企图逃避文明社会,希望寻求一种更为朴素、更富田园风情、更为宁静的生活Eversin__civilizationbegan__rtainindividualsh__etriedtorunawayfromitinhopesoffindinga______rmorepastoralandmorepea__fullife.与那些脱离传统社会的人不同,这些人不是寄生者他们愿意自食其力,愿意为社会作出贡献,可是他们就是不喜欢这个文明世界的环境确地说,不喜欢这充满丑恶和紧张的大都市Unlikethedropoutstheyarenotparasites.Theyarewillingtosupportthemselvesandtocontributesomethingtothegeneralcommunitybuttheysimplydon’tliketheenviro__entofcivilization;thatisthecitywithallitsuglinessandtension.这种方法的问题在于无法大规模地进行实践Thetroublewiththissolutionisthatitnolongerispracticalonalargescale.不幸的是,在我们的地球上,高尚的野蛮人和未被破坏的自然景色已越来越少;除了两极地区以外已经没有未__的土地了Ourplanetunfortunatelyisrunningoutofnobles__agesandunsulliedlandscaped;ex__ptforthepolarregionsthefrontiersaregone.少数富有的乡绅还可以逃避现实去过田园生活——但总的说来,迁移的潮流是向相反的方向流动Afewgentle__nfarmerswithplentyofmoneycanstillescapetothebucoliclife–butingeneralthestreamofmigrationisflowingtheotherway.3)策划__PlotaRevolution在对__进程单调乏味的运作方式毫无耐心或相信只有武力才能改变基本社会制度的那些人中,这一策略颇受欢迎Thisstrategyisalwayspopularamongthosewhoh__enopatien__withthetediousworkingofthedemocraticpro__ssorwhobelievethatbasicinstitutionscanonlybechangedbyfor__.它吸引了每一代年轻人中那些更为活跃和更具____的人Itattractssomeofthemoreactiveandidealisticyoungpeopleofeverygeneration.对他们来说,这种策略具有浪漫的吸引力,通常以某位魅力非凡且令人振奋的人物为其象征Tothemitoffersaro__nticappealusuallysymbolizedbysomedashingandchari__aticfigure.这一策略简单明了并具有更大的吸引力“既然这个社会已经无可救药,那就让我们砸碎它,在它的废墟上面建一个更好的社会”Ithastheevengreaterappealofsimplicity:“Sin__thissocietyishopelesslybadlet’s__ashitandbuildsomethingbetterontheruins.”我最好的朋友中有些是__者,他们中的一些人过得相当满足Someofmybestfriendsh__ebeenrevolutionistsandafewofthemh__eledreasonablysatisfyinglives.这部分人其实是那些__并未成功的人,他们可以继续兴高采烈地策划___,直至老态龙钟Thesearetheoneswhoserevolutionsdidnotcomeoff;theyh__ebeenabletokeeponcheerfullyplottingtheirholocaustsrightintotheirsenes__n__.另外一些人年纪轻轻就死了,死在监狱里或街垒旁Others___dyounginprisonoronthebarricades.但最不幸的是那些__成功的人Butthemostunfortunatearethosewhoserevolutionsh__esuc__eded.他们极度失望,看到他们__的权力机构又被新机构所替代,而新机构依旧是那样冷酷,那样毫无生机Theylivedinbitterdisillusio__enttoseetheestablishmenttheyhadoverthrownrepla__dbyanewonejustashard-fa__dandstuffy.当然,我并不是说__一无所成Iamnotofcoursesuggestingthatrevolutionsaccomplishnothing.一些__(美国__,法国__)确实将事情变得越来越好SomeTheAmericanRevolutiontheFrenchRevolutionclearlydochangethingsforthebetter.我只是想说__无论成败,那些策划__的__者们都注定要失望Mypointismerelythattheidealistswho__ketherevolutionareboundtobedisappointedineithercase.因为胜利的曙光无论如何也不会照耀在他们梦想中的那个摆脱了人类一切卑劣的灿烂的新世界上Foratbesttheirvictoryneverdawnsontheshiningnewworldtheyhaddreamedofcleansedofallhu__nmeanness.相反,它照在了一个熟悉的平庸的地方,这个地方仍旧需要食品杂货和污水排放Insteaditdawnsonafamiliarworkadaypla__stillinneedofgro__riesandsewagedisposal.无论贴着什么样的__标签,__后的国家都不是由激进的浪漫主义者来治理,而是由市场营销、卫生工程和管理官僚机构的专家来治理Therevolutionarystateunderwhateverpoliticallabelhastoberun-notbyviolentro__ntics-butbyexpertsin__rketingsanitaryengineeringandthe__nagementofbureaucracies.对一些决心改造社会,但同时又希望能找到一种比武装__更可行的方法的____者来说,还有另外一种选择Fortheidealistswhoaredeterminedtore__kesocietybutwhoseekamorepracticalmethodthanarmedrevolutiontherere__insonemorealternative.4)循序渐进,逐步改变社会TrytoChangetheWorldGraduallyOneClodataTime乍一看,这一途径毫无吸引力Atfirstglan__thiscourseisfarfrominviting.它缺乏魅力,并且见效很慢Itlacksglamour.Itpromisesnoquickresults.它依靠劝说和__决策这些令人恼火且不可靠的方法来实现Itdependsontheexasperatingandun__rtaininstrumentsofpersuasionanddemocraticdecision__king.它需要耐心,可我们却总是缺乏耐心Itde__ndspatien__alwaysinshortsupply.它惟一的好处是有时这方法行得通——在这个特定的时间和地点,它比其他的任何策略都更有可能制止世界上的某些恶行Aboutallthatcanbesaidforitisthatitsometimesworks–thatinthisparticulartimeandpla__itoffersabetterchan__forremedyingsomeoftheworld’soutragesthananyother__ailablestrategy.至少历史事实似乎证明了这一点Soatleastthehistoricaleviden__seemstosuggest.我大学毕业的时候,我们这一代人也发现世界乱得一团糟WhenIwasgraduatingfromcollegemygenerationalsofoundtheworldinamess.几乎所有地方的经济机构都已崩溃,在美国几乎四分之一的人口失业Theeconomic__chineryhadbrokendownalmosteverywhere:Inthiscountrynearlyaquarterofthepopulationwasoutofwork.一场大战似乎在所难免A__jorwasseemedalltoolikely.当时作为校报编辑,对这些我曾经猛烈地__过,像今天的学生积极分子一样AsacollegenewspapereditoratthattimeIprotestedagainstthisjustasvehementlyasstudentactivistsareprotestingtoday.与此同时,我们这一代人渐渐发现改造世界有点像在亚平宁山区打仗一样你刚刚占领一条山脉,另一条山脉又在前方隐现AtthesametimemygenerationwasdiscoveringthatreformingtheworldisalittlelikefightingamilitarycampaignintheApenninesassoonasyoucaptureonemountainrangeanotheroneloomsjustahead.当20世纪30年代的大问题刚刚勉强得到控制,新的问题又出现了——富足社会中出现的崭新问题,如种族平等,保证城市环境适于居住,应付各种陌生伪装下的战争等等Asthebigproblemsofthethirtieswerebroughtundersomekindofroughcontrolnewproblemstooktheirpla__–theunpre__dentedproblemsofanaffluentsocietyofracialjusti__ofkeepingourcitiesfrombecominguninhabitableofcopingwithwarinunfamiliarguises.最令人不安的是我们发现了人__炸这一问题Mostdisturbingofallwasourdiscoveryofthepopulationexplosion.我们突然意识到我们这艘载人小飞船上的乘客数目大约每40年翻一倍Itdawnedonusrathersuddenlythatthenumberofpassengersonthe__allspa__shipweinhabitisdoublingabouteveryfortyyears.只要地球上的人口持续地按这个可怕的速度增长,其他所有问题都将无法解决Solongastheearth’spopulationkeepsgrowingatthiscan__rousratealloftheotherproblemsappearvirtuallyinsoluble.我们的城市会变得越来越拥挤,景色会变得更加杂乱,空气和水也会变得愈发肮脏Ourcitieswillcontinuetobecomemorecrowdedandnoisome.Thelandscapewillgetmoreclutteredtheairandwaterevendirtier.所有人的生活质量都会不断恶化Thequalityoflifeislikelytobecomesteadilyworseforeverybody.如果过多的人必须为了争夺日益减少的食物份额和生存空间而争斗的话,战争的升级看来是无法避免的Andwa___reonarisingscaleseemsinevitableiftoo__nybo___sh__etostruggleforever-dwindlingsharesoffoodandlivingspa__.因此吉姆宾司这代人要承担一项艰巨的任务SoJimBinns’generationhasaformidablejobonitshands.但我认为这并不是无法克服的困难ButnotIthinkaninsuperableone.过去的事实证明,处理这项艰巨任务完全可采用以前解决困难问外时使用的方法——从实际效果出发,一点一滴,通过大家不懈的努力来完成Ontheeviden__ofthepastitcanbehandledinthesamewaythathardproblemsh__ebeencopedwithbefore-pie__mealprag__ticallybythedoggedeffortsof__nype使用__Lesson3TheUseofFor__他们是我的新病人,我所知道的只有名字,奥尔逊TheywerenewpatientstomeallIhadwasthenameOlson.请您尽快赶来,我__病得很重“Pleasecomedownassoonasyoucanmydaughterisverysick.”当我到达时,孩子的母亲迎接了我,这是一位看上去惊恐不安的妇人,衣着整洁却一脸忧伤的神色她只是说,这位就是医生吗?WhenIarrivedIwasmetbythemotherabigstartledlookingwo__nverycleanandapologeticwhomerelysaidIsthisthedoctor然后带我进了屋Andletmein.在后面,她又说到,请你一定要原谅我们,医生,我们让她呆在厨房里,那儿暖和,这里有时很潮湿Inthebacksheadded.Youmustexcuseusdoctorweh__eherinthekitchenwhereitiswarm.Itisverydampheresometimes.在厨房的桌子旁边,这个孩子穿得严严实实的,坐在她父亲的腿上Thechildwasfullydressedandsittingonherefather’slapnearthekitchentable.他父亲试图站起来,但我向他示意不用麻烦,然后我脱下外套开始检查HetriedtogetupbutImotionedforhimnottobothertookoffmyovercoatandstartedtolookthingsover.我能够觉察出他们都很紧张,而且用怀疑的眼光上下打量着我Icouldseethattheywereallverynervouseyeingmeupanddowndistrustfully.在这种情形下,他们通常不会提供太多的情况,而是等着我告诉他们病情,这就是___他们会在我身上花3美元Asofteninsuchcasestheyweren’t____ingmemorethantheyhadtoitwasuptometo____them;that’swhytheywerespendingthreedollarsonme.这个孩子用她那冷漠而镇定的目光目不转睛地盯着我,脸上没有任何表情Thechildwasfairlyeatingmeupwithhercoldsteadyeyesandnoexpressiononherfa__whatever.她纹丝不动,内心似乎很平静这是一个非常惹人喜爱的小东西,外表长得象小牛一样结实Shedidnotmoveandseemedinwardlyquiet;anunusuallyattractivelittlethingandasstrongasaheiferinappearan__.但是她的脸发红,而且呼吸急促,我知道她在发着高烧Butherfa__wasflushedshewasbreathingrapidlyandIrealizedthatshehadahighfever.她长着一头漂亮浓密的金发,就像刊登在__插页上和周日报纸__版上的那些孩子一样Shehad__gnifi__ntblondehairinprofusion.Oneofthosepicturechildrenoftenreprodu__dinadvertisingleafletsandthephotogr__uresectionsoftheSundaypapers.她发烧已经3天了,她父亲开口说,我们不知道是什么原因She’shadafeverforthreedaysbeganthefatherandwedon’tknowwhatitcomesfrom.我太太给她吃了一些药,你知道,大家都是这样做的,可这些药根本不管用,而且,附近有很多人都生了病,所以我们想请您最好给她检查一下,然后告诉我们是怎么一回事Mywifehasgivenherthingsyouknowlikepeopledobutitdon’tdonogood.Andthere’sbeenalotofsicknessaround.Sowetho’tyou’dbetterlookheroverand____uswhatisthe__tter.像医生们经常做的那样,我问了个问题,想以此来猜测一下病症所在AsdoctorsoftendoItookatrialshotatitasapointofdeparture.Hasshehadasorethroat父母两人一起回答说,没有……没有,她说她的嗓子不疼BothparentsansweredmetogetherNo…Noshesaysherthroatdon’thurther.你嗓子疼吗?母亲又问了一下孩子DoesyourthroathurtyouAddedthemothertothechild.女孩的表情没有任何变化,而她的目光却一直没有从我的脸上移开Butthelittlegirl’sexpressiondidn’tchangenordidshemovehereyesfrommyfa__.你看过她的嗓子了吗?H__eyoulooked我想看,孩子的母亲说,但看不见ItriedtosaidthemotherbutIIcouldn’tsee.这个月碰巧她上学的那个学校已经有好几例白喉病虽然到目前为止没有人说出这件事,但很显然,我们心里都想到了Asithappenswehadbeenh__inganumberofcasesofdiphtheriaintheschooltowhichthischildwentduringthatmonthandwewereallquiteapparentlythinkingofthatthoughnoonehadasyetspokenofthething.好了,我说,我们先看看嗓子吧WellIsaidsupposewetakealookatthethroatfirst.我以医生特有的职业方式微笑着,叫着孩子的名字我说,来吧,玛蒂尔达,张开嘴,让我看一下你的嗓子I__iledinmybestprofessional__nnerandaskingforthechild’sfirstnameIsaidcomeon__thildaopenyourmouthandlet’stakealookatyourthroat.没有任何反应Nothingdoing.哦,来吧,我劝道,张大你的嘴,让我看看看,我说着把两只手伸开,我的手里没有东西,张大嘴,让我看看AwcomeonIcoaxedjustopenyourmouthwideandletmetakealook.LookIsaidopeningbothhandswideIh__en’tanythinginmyhands.Justopenupandletmesee.他是一个多好的人呀,她的母亲插话道你看他对你多好呀,来,听话他不会伤害你的Suchani____nputinthemother.Lookhowkindheistoyou.Comeondowhathe____syouto.Hewon’thurtyou.听到这里我狠狠地咬了咬牙,要是他们没用“伤害”这个词,我也许能做点什么,但是___着急或恼怒,而是慢声细语地说着话,一边再次靠近这个孩子AsthatIgroundmyteethindisgust.Ifonlytheywouldn’tusetheword“hurt”Imightbeabletogetsomewhere.ButIdidnotallowmyselftobehurriedordisturbedbutspeakingquietlyandslowlyIapproachedthechildagain.我刚将椅子拉近一点,突然,她像猫一样双手本能地朝我的两眼抓去,我差一点被她抓到AsImovedmychairalittlenearersuddenlywithonecatlikemovementbothherhandsclawedinstinctivelyformyeyesandshealmostreachedthemtoo.好在她只是打掉了我的眼镜,虽然眼镜没有碎,但已落到了离我几英尺远的厨房地板上Infactsheknockedmyglassesflyingandtheyfellthoughunbrokenseveralfeetawayfrommeonthekitchenfloor.父母两人都非常尴尬,充满歉意,你这个坏孩子,母亲一边说,一边抓着她,并摇晃着她的一只手,你看看你做的事这么一个好人Boththemotherandfatheralmostturnedthemselvesinsideoutinembarras__entandapology.Youbadgirlsaidthemothertakingherandshakingherebyonearm.Lookwhatyou’vedone.Theni____n…看在上帝的份上,我打断了她的话,请不要再在她面前说我是一个好人Forhe__en’ssakeIbrokein.Don’tcallmeani____ntoher.我来是看看她的嗓子,也许她患了白喉,而且很可能会死于这种病I’mheretolookatherthroatonthechan__thatshemighth__ediphtheriaandpossibly___ofit.但这一切她都不在乎,看这儿,我对女孩说,我们想看看你的嗓子,你不小了,应该明白我说的话,你是自己张开嘴呢,还是我们帮你张开?Butthat’snothingtoher.LookhereIsaidtothechildwe’regoingtolookatyourthroat.You’reoldenoughtounderstandwhatI’msaying.Willyouopenitnowbyyourselforshallweh__etoopenitforyou她仍然一动不动,甚至连表情都没有任何变化Notamove.Evenherexpressionhadn’tchanged.但是她的呼吸却越来越急促Herbreathshoweverwerecomingfasterandfaster.接着一场战役开始了,我不得不这样做Thenthebattlebegan.Ihadtodoit.由于她的自我保护,我必须检查一下她的嗓子Ihadtoh__eathroatcultureforherownprotection.可是我首先告诉家长这完全取决于他们ButfirstItoldtheparentsthatitwasentirelyuptothem.我说明了其危险性,但同时提出只要他们承担责任我就不会坚持做这次喉咙检查IexplainedthedangerbutsaidthatIwouldnotinsistonathroatexaminationsolongastheywouldtaketheresponsibility.如果你不按大夫说的去做,你就要去医院了,母亲严厉地警告她Ifyoudon’tdowhatthedoctorsaysyou’llh__etogotothehospitalthemotheradmonishedherseverely.是吗?我只好暗自笑了笑毕竟我已经喜欢上了这个野蛮的小东西,但却看不起这对父母OhyeahIhadto__iletomyself.AfterallIhadalreadyfalleninlovewiththes__agebrattheparentswerecontemptibletome.在接下来的“战斗”中他们越来越难堪,被摧垮了,直至精疲力竭而这个女孩由于恐惧,她对我的抗拒达到了惊人的地步Intheensuingstruggletheygrewmoreandmorea__ectcrushedexhaustedwhileshesurelyroseto__gnifi__ntheightsofinsanefuryofeffortbredofherterrorofme.父亲尽了最大的努力,他块头很大,然而事实上他面对着的是他的__,由于对她的所作所为感到愧疚和担心伤到她,他每次在我几乎就要成功了的关键时刻放开了她,我真恨不得杀了他Thefathertriedhisbestandhewasabig__nbutthefactthatshewashisdaughterhisshameatherbeh__iorandhisdreadofhurtingher__dehimreleaseherjustatthecriticaltimeswhenIhadalmostachievedsuc__sstillIwantedtokillhim.可是,因为又担心她真会患上白喉,尽管他自己就快昏到了,他又告诉我继续,继续,而她的母亲在我们的身后走来走去,忧愁万分地抖着双手Buthisdreadalsothatshemighth__ediphtheria__dehim____metogoongoonthoughhehimselfwasalmostfaintingwhilethemothermovedbackandforthbehindusraisingandloweringherhandsinanagonyofapprehension.把她放在你的大腿上,我命令道,抓住她的两个手腕PutherinfrontofyouonyourlapIorderedandholdbothherwrists.然而他刚一动手,女孩就尖叫了一声Butassoonashedidthechildletoutascream.别这样,你会弄疼我的.Don’tyou’rehurtingme.放开我的手,放手,我告诉你Letgoofmyhands.LetthemgoI____you.接着她发出可怕的歇斯底里的尖叫,住手!住手!你会弄死我的!Thensheshriekedterrifyinglyhysterically.Stopit!Stopit!You’rekillingme!你觉得她受得了吗?医生!她母亲说Doyouthinkshecanstanditdoctor!Saidthemother.你出去,丈夫对他的妻子说,你想让她死于白喉吗?Yougetoutsaidthehu__andtohiswife.Doyouwantherto___ofdiphtheria来吧,抓住她,我说道ComeonnowholdherIsaid.接着我用左手掰住女孩的头,并试图将木制的压舌板伸进她的嘴里ThenIgraspedthechild’sheadwithmylefthandandtriedtogetthewoodentonguedepressorbetweenherteeth.她紧咬着牙绝望地反抗着!Shefoughtwithclenchedteethdesperately!而此时我也变得狂怒了——对一个孩子ButnowIalsohadgrownfurious-atachild.我试图让自己不要发脾气,但却做不到,我知道怎样去检查她的嗓子ItriedtoholdmyselfdownbutIcouldn’t.Iknowhowtoexposeathroatforinspection.我尽了最大的努力当我终于把木制的压舌板伸到最后一排牙齿的后面时,她张开了嘴,然而只是一瞬间,我还来不及看她又把嘴闭上了,没等我把它取出来,她的臼齿已经紧紧咬住了压舌板,并把压舌板咬成了碎片AndIdidmybest.WhenfinallyIgotthewoodenspatulabehindthelastteethandjustthepointofitintothemouthc__itysheopenedupforaninstantbutbeforeIcouldseeanythingshecamedownagainandgrippedthewoodenbladebetweenhermolars.Sheredu__sittosplintersbeforeIcouldgetitoutagain.你不害臊吗?妈妈朝她大声训斥道你在大夫面前这样不觉得害臊吗?Aren’tyouashamedthemotheryelledather.Aren’tyouashamedtoactlikethatinfrontofthedoctor给我拿一把平柄的勺子什么的,我对母亲说Getmea__ooth-handledspoonofsomesortItoldthemother.我们还要接着做下去We’regoingthroughwiththis.孩子的嘴已经__了Thechild’smouthwasalreadybleeding.她的舌头破了,还在歇斯底里地大叫着Hertonguewascutandshewasscreaminginwildhystericalshrieks.也许我应该停下来,过一个多小时再回来无疑这样会好一些PerhapsIshouldh__edesistedandcomebackinanhourormore.Nodoubtitwouldh__ebeenbetter.但我已经看到至少两个孩子因为这种情况而被疏忽了,躺在床上死去,我感到我必须现在进行诊断,否则就再没有机会了ButIh__eseenatleasttwochildrenlyingdeadinbedofneglectinsuchcasesandfeelingthatImustgetadiagnosisnoworneverIwentatitagain.然而最糟糕的是,我也失去了理智,我本可以在盛怒之下将女孩的嘴扒开来享受其中的快乐,向她发起进攻真是一件乐事,我的脸也因此而发热ButtheworstofitwasthatItoohadgotbeyondreason.Icouldh__etornthechildapartinmyownfuryandenjoyedit.Itwasapleasuretoattackhermyfa__wasburningwithit.在这种时候,谁都会叮咛自己,无论这个可恶的小鬼做出任何愚蠢的举动,也要违背她的意愿来保护她Thedamnedlittlebratmustbeprotectedagainstherownidiocyonesaystoone’sselfatsuchtimes.这样做也是为了保护其他孩子,同时这也是一种社会需要,事实也确是如此Othersmustbeprotectedagainsther.Itisasocialne__ssity.Andallthesethingsaretrue.然而由于释放体内能量的欲望而产生的一种盲目的无法控制的狂怒和一种成年人的羞耻感,使我一直坚持到最后Butablindfuryafeelingof_____shamebredofalongingformuscularreleasearetheoperatives.Onegoesontotheend.在最后失去理性的“战斗”中,我控制了女孩的脖子和下巴,我强行将沉重的银勺从她的牙后面伸到嗓子直到她作呕InthefinalunreasoningassaultIoverpoweredthechild’sneckanyjaws.Ifor__dthehe__ysilverspoonbackofherteethanddownherthroattillshegagged.果然,两个扁桃体上有着一层膜状物她勇敢地反抗就是为了不让我发现她的这个秘密,她至少隐瞒了3天嗓子疼,并对父母撒谎,都是为了逃避这样一个结果Andthereitwas–bothtonsilscoveredwithmembrane.Shehadfoughtvaliantlytokeepmefromknowinghersecret.Shehadbeenhidingthatsorethroatforthreedaysatleastandlyingtoherparentsinordertoescapejustsuchanoutcomeasthis.现在,她真的狂怒了,在这以前她一直处于守势,但是现在她开始进攻了Nowtrulyshewasfurious.ShehadbeenonthedefensivebeforebutnowsheattackedTriedtogetoffherfather’slapandflyatmewhiletearsofdefeatblindedhereye.自己选择死亡方式Lesson4 ___asYouChoose制定关于安乐死的法律已经到了不能再回避的地步Theneedforlawsoneuthanasiacannotbedodgedformuchlonger.在世界上某个较小的国家里,安乐死被医疗机构普遍接受,每年都有数千例公开实施Inoneoftheworld’s__allercountriesmercy-killingisac__ptedbythemedicalestablishmentandopenlypracti__dafewthousandtimeseachyear.而在某个世界大国,安乐死虽然经常受到医疗机构的公开谴责,每年却以数倍于此的次数秘密实施,且从未公之于众Inoneoftheworld’sbiggestcountrieseuthanasiaiscondemnedbythemedicalestablishmentsecretlypracti__d__nytimesmoreoftenandalmostnevercomestolight.但是,在上述那个国家有医生因为实施安乐死而在监狱里服刑呢?Whichofthesecountrieshasamercy-killingdoctornowlanguishinginitsjails是在小国荷兰荷兰制定了有关安乐死的法律,能有效地管理它Itisthe__alloneHollandwhichhasrulesforeuthanasiaandsocanpoli__iteffectively.那位荷兰的医生违反了他国家的规定TheDutchdoctorbrokehiscountry’srules.有关安乐死的问题在所有国家都存在,决不仅出现在美国这个禁止安乐死的大国Thereisamoralhereforallthecountriesandnotjustforthebigdeath-forbiddingcountryAmerica.目前美国正再次展开有关安乐死的辩论Rightnowitisgoingovertheargumentsabouteuthanasiaon__again.美国医学协会会刊1月份发表了一封非同寻常的来信一位医生在信中宣称自己按照病人的意愿,杀死了一位身患癌症的20岁女孩InJanuarytheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationpublishedabizarreletterinwhichananonymousdoctorclaimedtoh__ekilleda20-year-oldcan__rpatientatherownrequest.这件事引起了一场辩论,而这场辩论将轰轰烈烈地持续到秋季,那时加利福尼亚州可能会就一项使安乐死合法化的法律进行投票表决ThisstartedadebatethatwillrumbleonintotheautumnwhenCalifornians__yvoteonaproposedlawlegalizingeuthanasia.这封信可能是为了起到引发争论的效果,内容并不可信Theletterwasprobablywrittenforpolemicalimpact.Itisscar__lycredible.是__自己在信中声称他(或她)第一次与那位得了癌症的病人见面,听到病人说出5个字——“让我__吧”——然后就杀了她It’sauthorclaimsthathemetthecan__rpatientforthefirsttimeheardfivewordsfromher–“Let’sgetthisoverwith”–thenkillerher.即使是极端的安乐死支持者也不赞成在这种情况下采取如此做法Eventhemostextremeproponentsofeuthanasiadonotsupportsuchanactioninthosecircumstan__s.然而,医疗上出现的可怕__如洪水猛兽一般,并不比安乐死的情况更好它们无疑会在英美以及其他国家中继续肆虐,几乎成了令人恐怖的常规Yetmedicalmonstrositiesthatarehardlyanybetterundoubtedlycontinuealmostasa__tterof__cabreroutineinAmericaBritainand__nyothercountries.一些医生私下透露他们有时会故意杀死病人,这样的情况非常普遍,令人担忧Itisdisturbinglyeasytofinddoctorswhowillsayinprivatethattheysometimeskillpatientsonpurpose.多数医生说他们知道其他医生也有同样的行为,但是因为即使在病人乞求他们的时候,医生也几乎不能与病人公开讨论安乐死,因此医生往往倾向于仅在要死的人处于垂危昏迷之际而无法表达是否同意安乐死时,才结束其生命Mostsaythatknowsomebodyelsewhodoes.Butbecausetheycanrarelydiscusseuthanasiaopenlywithpatients–evenwhenthosepatientsbegthemforit–doctorstendtokillonlywhenthedyingaretoofargonetoconsent.由于自愿要求安乐死受到禁止,就只能由医生自行作出决定了,病人会在夜间受到药物注射而非自愿地离开人世Thusbecausevoluntaryeuthanasiaistabooadoctor__kesthedecisionhimself–andthepatientiskilledinvoluntarilyinthenightwithasyringe.这是不使安乐死公开的代价Thatisonepri__ofkeepingeuthanasiasecret.如果所有形式的安乐死都是错误的,那就应该统统列入禁止之列Ifallformsofmercy-killingarewrongtheyshouldre__intaboo.可情况果真如此吗?Butarethey许多人都认为依靠医学技术来延续生命带给人的痛苦是令人悲哀、可憎可恶的,完全不顾人的尊严,因此被动的安乐死——让病人自行死亡——被人们普遍接受Because__nypeopleac__ptthatitissadundignifiedandgruesometoprolongthethroesofdeathwillallthemightofmedicaltechnologypassiveeuthanasia–lettingpatients___–iswidelyac__pted.美国大多数州都有关于“活遗嘱”的法规,为医生提供保护如果医生没有尽力救助曾声明不想延续生命的病人,不会为此受到起诉MostAmericanstatesh__e“living–will”legislationthatprotectsdoctorsfromprosecutioniftheydonottrytos__esomeonewhohassaidhedoesnotwantlifeprolonged.主动的安乐死——杀死病人——却依然争论颇多Activeeuthanasia–killing–re__inscontroversial.将人杀死与让人死亡之间的界线还能维持多久呢?Howlongcanthedistinctionbetweenkillingandletting___holdout正如因未履行某种职责受到处罚一样,人也可能因干了某事而不受责难Justastherecanbeculpableomissionssotoocantherebeblamelessacts.让我们从道德伦理著作中举例说明假定一个人会从某个孩子的死亡中获益,当这个孩子在浴缸中撞伤头部而失去知觉时,那个人视而不见,任其溺水身亡Suppose–totakeanexamplefromthemoralphilosophybooks–thata__nstandstogainfromthedeathofa__rtainchild.Thechildstrikeshisheadinthebathandfallsunconscious.The__nsitsdownandwatcheshimdrown.虽然这个人什么都没有做,但他并不能因此开脱罪责Thefactthatthe__nhasperformednoactiondoesnotexcusehim.同样,再假设为了缩短而不是延长死亡到来的时间,医生终止某种治疗是无可指责的做法,那么如果这位医生使用足够的镇痛剂致使病人死亡,他就一定大错特错吗?Similarlysupposethatadoctordoesnowrongbywithholdingsometreatmentinorderthatdeathshouldcomesoonerratherthanlater.Ishethenne__ssarilywrongifheadministersenoughpainkillerstokill这位医生采取了某种行动,而不是未尽某种职责,这会使他有罪吗?Doesthefactthatthedoctorperformedanactionratherthananomissioncondemnhim许多医生一直在为解除病人临终前的痛苦而奋斗着他们认为在病人请求安乐死时,根本无法截然区分被动与主动的安乐死__nydoctorsworkingonthebattlefieldofterminalsufferingthinkthatonlysqueamishnessde__ndsafirmdifferen__betweenpassiveandactiveeuthanasiaonrequest.他们赞成医生杀死病人的理由是医生的职责之一就是使病人免遭痛苦,这是医生所做的全部事情,而杀死病人则是做到这一点的惟一办法Theirargumentforkillinggoeslikethis:oneofadoctor’sdutiesistopreventsuffering;sometimesthatisallthereisleftforhimtodoandkillingistheonlywaytodoit.这个观点并不新颖当希波克拉底为医生制定信条的时候,曾明确禁止安乐死,而多数其他希腊医生和思想家都不赞成这一禁令Thereisnothingnewinthisview.WhenHippocratesformulatedhisoathfordoctorswhichexplicitlyrulesoutactivekillingmostotherGreekdoctorsandthinkersdisagreedwithhisban.前事不忘,后事之师Letthepastbeaguide.有人认为死亡的时间是上帝安排的,任何人不得缩短他人的生命,然而假如一位病人的人生观使其接受安乐死,那么人们不禁要问___其他人还要用不同的宗教观念去干预其死亡呢?SomepeoplebelievethatthetimeofdeathisappointedbyGodandthatno__nshouldputtheclockbackonanother.Yetifapatient’sphilosophicalviewsembra__euthanasiaitisnotclearwhythereligiouso__ectionsofothersshouldintrudeonhisdeath.另一个令人担忧问题是,有关安乐死的法律体系允许医生在规定的情况下按照垂死病人的请求实施安乐死,就可能为杀人首开先例,从而危害社会Anotherworryisthatalegalframeworkforeuthanasiapermittingadoctortocomplywithadying__n’srequestinaprescribedsetofcircumstan__smightposedangersforsocietybysettingapre__dentforkilling.这个问题取决于社会Thatdependsonthesociety.尽管有不同意见,荷兰对建立这样的法律体系已经准备就绪Hollandarguablyisreadyforit.当年就是荷兰医生英勇无比地顶住了压力,拒绝参与使安乐死声名狼藉的纳粹用人体进行医学实验的暴行,这恐怕不是巧合Itisprobablynocoinciden__thatitwasDutchdoctorswhomostheroicallyresistedpressuretojoinintheNazimedicalatrocitiesthath__egiveneuthanasiaitsworstname.这些医生对个人自由坚定不移的尊重使他们没有杀害渴望活下去的健康人今天正是同样的精神又使他们去帮助不愿活下去的垂危病人Thesametenaciousrespectforindividuallibertythatstoppedthemkillinghealthypeoplewhodidnotwantto___nowletsthemhelpdyingpeoplewhodo.与之相反,西德在未来相当长的时间里都无法使任何形式的安乐死合法化WestGer__nybycontrastwillnotbeabletolegalizeanyformofeuthanasiaforalongtimetocome.由于___阴影__安乐死的力量异常强大,在那些近年来自由意志的传统未受任何干扰的国家里,为自愿安乐死制定有限的规定并不会使人们产生太多的恐惧Oppositionistoofier__becauseoftheshadowofthepast.Countrieswithanuninterruptedre__ntlibertariantraditionh__elesstofearfromsettingsomelimitedrulesforvoluntaryeuthanasia.拒绝讨论这个问题会使情况更加糟糕Byrefusingtodiscussittheyusherinsomethingworse宁为黑人不为女子Lesson5IdRatherBeBlackthanFe__le我是第一位当选国会议员的黑人妇女,这使我不同凡响Beingthefirstblackwo__nelectedtoCongresshas__demesomekindofphenomenon.国会中还有九位黑人议员和十位妇女议员,但我是第一位同时克服两个不利因素的人TherearenineotherblacksinCongress;therearetenotherwomen.Iwasthefirsttoovercomebothhandicapsaton__.在这两种不利因素中,是个女人比是黑人更糟Ofthetwohandicapsbeingblackismuchlessofadrawbackthanbeingfe__le.如果我说做黑人比做妇女更糟糕,也许没有人会对我的说法提出质疑IfIsaidthatbeingblackisagreaterhandicapthanbeingawo__nprobablynoonewouldquestionme.___呢?因为“众所周知”,美国存在着对黑人的歧视WhyBecause“weallknow”thereisprejudi__againstblackpeopleinAmerica.说美国存在着对妇女的歧视对于几乎所有男人——还有大多数女人来说——却是____的Thatthereisprejudi__againstwomenisanideathatstillstrikesnearlyallmen–andIamafraidmostwomen–asbizarre.许多年以来,多数人看不到社会存在着对黑人的歧视Prejudi__againstblackswasinvisibletomostwhiteAmericansfor__nyyears.当黑人终于通过____、联合__和自由乘车__的方式以示__,来提及这个问题时,他们觉得简直难以置信Whenblacksfinallystartedto“mention”itwithsit-ins_______sand_______ridesAmericanswereincredulous.“谁,我们?”他们委屈地问道“Whous”theyaskedininjuredtones.“我们歧视黑人?”对美国白人来说,这是漫长而痛苦的再教育的开始“We’reprejudi__d”ItwasthestartofalongpainfulreeducationforwhiteAmerica.他们,包括那些自认为是自由主义者的白人——还需要许多年才能发现并消除他们实际上都持有的种族主义态度Itwilltakeyearsforwhites–includingthosewhothinkofthemselvesasliberals–todiscoverandeliminatetheracistattitudestheyallactuallyh__e.消除对妇女的歧视的困难有多大?我确信这将会是一场更持久的斗争Howmuchharderwillitbetoeliminatetheprejudi__againstwomenIamsureitwillbealongerstruggle.部分问题在于比起黑人来美国妇女被__的程度更深,且更满足于她们次等公民的角色PartoftheproblemisthatwomeninAmericaaremuchmorebrainwashedandcontentwiththeirrolesassecond–classcitizensthanblackseverwere.我来解释一下Letmeexplain.__多年来我一直积极参与__活动Ih__ebeenactiveinpoliticsformorethantwentyyears.除了最后的那六年,其余那些年干活的是我,__的是所有无聊琐碎但对竞选胜负至关重要的工作——可得到好处的却是男人,这几乎就是政界妇女一直以来的命运ForallbutthelastsixIh__edonethework–allthetediousdetailsthat__kethedifferen__betweenvictoryanddefeatonelectionday–whilemenreapedtherewardswhichisalmostinvariablythelotofwomeninpolitics.在美国政界,大部分的工作仍然是由妇女来做——大约300万志愿者Itisstillwomen–aboutthreemillionvolunteers–whodomostofthisworkintheAmericanpoliticalworld.她们中任何人所能期待的最好结果是有幸当选为区或县的副__,这是一个隔离却平等的职位,是给那些多年来一直忠实从事装信封和组织牌局工作的妇女的奖赏Thebestanyofthemcanhopeforisthehonorofbeingdistrictorcountyvi__-chair__nakindofseparate-but-equalpositionwithwhichawo__nisrewardedforyearsoffaithfulenvelopestuffingandcard-_____organizing.在这种职位上,她可以享受公费出差去参加州或全国性的会议或____,在这些场合她的作用就是和她单位的男__投一样的票Insuchajobshegetsanumberoffreetripstostateandsometimesnationalmeetingsandconventionswhereherroleissupposedtobetovotethewayher__lechair__nvotes.1963年,当我企图摆脱这一角色代表布鲁克林的贝德富锡—斯图维桑特参加竞选纽约州众议院的席位时,遇到了极大的阻力WhenItriedtobreakoutofthatrolein1963andrunfortheNewYorkStateAssemblyseatfromBrooklyn’sBedford-Stuyvesanttheresistan__wasbitter.从竞选一开始,我就要面对他们毫不掩饰的对女性的敌意FromthestartofthatcampaignIfa__dundisguisedhostilitybecauseofmy___.但是在四年以后,当我竞选国会议员时,性别问题才成了一个主要争端ButitwasfouryearslaterwhenIranforCongressthatthequestionofmy___becamea__jorissue.我所在党派的党员召开秘密会议讨论如何阻止我参加竞选Amongmembersofmyown_____closedmeetingswereheldtodiscusswaysofstoppingme.我的对手,著名的__运动领袖詹姆士法默竭力把自己塑造成一个具有男子汉气概的黑人形象;他坐着带有扩音器的卡车在附近地区巡回,车上满载着留着非洲发式、穿颜色花哨的宽袍和蓄胡子的年轻人Myopponentthefamouscivil-rightsleaderJamesFarmertriedtoprojectablack__sculinei__ge;hetouredthenei___orhoodwithsoundtrucksfilledwithyoungmenwearingAfrohaircutsdashikisandbeards.电视台记者对我不屑一顾,他们忽略了一个非常重要的数据,而对此我和我的竞选经纪人韦斯利麦克唐纳霍尔德却很清楚WhilethetelevisioncrewsignoredmetheywerenotawareofaveryimportantstatisticwhichbothIandmycampaign__nagerWesley__cD.Holderknew.在我这个区内,登记参加投票选举的人中男女的比例是1∶
2.5而且那些妇女是有组织的——是教师家长协会、教会社团、牌局俱乐部以及其他社会服务性团体的成员我去找她们寻求帮助nmydistrictthereare
2.5womenforevery__nregisteredtovote.Andthosewomenareorganized–inPTAschurchsocietiescardclubsandothersocialandservi__groupsIwenttothemandaskedtheirhelp.法默先生到现在仍然不知道他是如何被击败的Mr.Farmerstilldoesn’tquiteknowwhathithim.当一位聪明的年轻女大学生开始找工作时,___第一个问题总是“你会打字吗?”Whenabrightyoungwo__ngraduatestartslookingforajobwhyisthefirstquestionalways:“Canyoutype”在这个问题背后是一整部妇女受歧视的历史Ahistoryofprejudi__liesbehindthatquestion.___被看成是秘书而不是管理者?___被看成是图书___和教师而不是律师?WhyarewomenthoughtofassecretariesnotadministratorsLibrariansandteachersbutnotdoctorsandlawyers因为她们被认为是不一样的,低人一等的Becausetheyarethoughtofasdifferentandinferior.快乐的家庭主妇和心满意足的黑鬼都是由歧视产生的典型人物Thehappyhome__kerandthecontenteddarkyarebothstereotypesprodu__dbyprejudi__.妇女甚至还没有达到黑人所达到的象征性的平等水平Womenh__enotevenreachedtheleveloftokeni__thatblacksarereaching.最高__中没有妇女,只有两名妇女曾担任内阁的职位,但现在一个也没有NowomensitontheSupremeCourt.Onlytwoh__eheldCabinetrankandnonedoatpresent.只有两位妇女担任大使Onlytwowomenholdambassadorialrank.妇女主要从事工资低、伺候人、没有前途的工作即使她们获得较好的职位,他们的工资也总是比同样工作的男人低Butwomenpredominateinthelower-payingmenialunrewardingdead-endjobsandwhentheydoreachbetterpositionstheyareinvariablypaidlessthana__nforthesamejob.这不是歧视又是什么?Ifthatisnotprejudi__whatwouldyoucallit几年前,我与一位__领袖谈论有关一个有前途的青年妇女做候选人的事AfewyearsagoIwastalkingwithapoliticalleaderaboutapromisingyoungwo__nasacandidate.“___要花费时间和精力去树立这个女孩的威信?”他问道,“你很清楚她只会在我们打算让她竞选市长时退出竞选去而生孩子”“Whyinvesttimeandefforttobuildthegirlup”heaskedme.“Youknowshe’llonlydropoutofthegametoh__eacoupleofkidsjustaboutthetimewe’rereadytorunherfor__yor.”对于我,许多人说了类似的话Plentyofpeopleh__esaidsimilarthingsaboutme.每次当我试图向上迈一步时,许多人劝我回去教书,说那才是妇女的职业,把__留给男人Plentyofothersh__eadvisedmeeverytimeItriedtotakeanotherupwardstepthatIshouldgobacktoteachingawo__n’svocationandle__epoliticstothemen.我热爱教书,只要我确信____再也不需要女人作贡献时,我就会去教书IloveteachingandIamreadytogobacktoitassoonasIamconvin__dthatthiscountrynolongerneedsawomen’scontribution.当在这个富足的国家里,当没有孩子饿着肚子上床睡觉时,我可能会回去教书WhentherearenochildrengoingtobedhungryinthisrichnationI__ybereadytogobacktoteaching.当每一个孩子都能上好学校时,我也许会回去教书WhenthereisagoodschoolforeverychildI__ybeready.当我们不再将钱财耗费在武器装备上来杀人时,当我们不再容忍对少数民族的歧视时,当惩治住房和雇佣不公行为的法律得以实施而不是被束之高阁时,那么我在__上也就再没什么可做的了Whenwedonotspendourwealthonhardwaretomurderpeoplewhenwenolongertolerateprejudi__againstminoritiesandwhenthelawsagainstunfairhousingandunfairemploymentpracti__sareenfor__dinsteadofevadedthenthere__ybenothingmoreformetodoinpolitics.但是在那以前——我们都知道那不是今年或是明年——我们需要的是更多的妇女投身于__,因为妇女可以作出特殊的贡献Butuntilthathappens–andweallknowitwillnotbethisyearornext–whatweneedismorewomeninpoliticsbecauseweh__eaveryspecialcontributionto__ke.我希望自己成功的例子能使其他的妇女愿意参与__活动——不仅仅是装信封,而是竞选__职位Ihopethattheexampleofmysuc__sswillconvin__otherwomentogetintopolitics–andnotjusttostuffenvelopesbuttorunforoffi__.妇女能将同情、宽容、远见、忍耐和毅力带到__中——这是我们与生俱有的品质或是在男人的压制下不得不培养出来的品质Itiswomenwhocanbringempathytoleran__insightpatien__andpersisten__togover__ent–thequalitieswenaturallyh__eorh__ehadtodevelopbecauseofoursuppressionbymen.一个国家的妇女通过她们在生活中的行为来塑造____的道德、宗教和__Thewomenofanationmolditsmoralsitsreligionanditspoliticsbythelivestheylive.目前,我们国家在__上也许比其他任何方面更需要妇女的____和决心Atpresentourcountryneedswomen’sideali__anddeterminationperhapsmoreinpoliticsthananywhereelse一个好机会Lesson6AGoodChan__我到鸭溪时,喜鹊没在家,我和他的妻子阿米莉亚谈了谈WhenIgottoCrowCreek__gpiewasnothome.ItalkedtohiswifeAmelia.“我要找喜鹊,”我说,“我给他带来了好消息”我指指提着的箱子,“我带来了他的诗歌和一封加利福尼亚大学的录取通知书,他们想让他来参加为印第安人举办的艺术课”“Ineedtofind__gpie”Isaid.“I’vereallygotsomegoodnewsforhim.”IpointedtothebriefcaseIwascarrying.“Ih__ehispoemsandaletterofac__ptan__fromaUniversityinCaliforniawheretheywanthimtocomeandparticipateintheFineArtsProgramtheyh__estartedforIndians.”“你知道他还在假释期间吗?”“Doyouknowthathewasonparole”“这个,不,不大清楚”我犹豫着说,“我一直没有和他__,但我听说他遇到了些麻烦”“Wellnonotexactly”Isaidhesitantly“Ih__en’tkeptintouchwithhimbutIheardthathewasinsomekindoftrouble.她对我笑笑说“他已经离开很久了你知道,他在这儿不安全他的假释官随时都在监视他,所以他还是不到这儿来为好,而且我们已经分开一段时间了,我听说他在城里的什么地方”She__iledtomeandsaid“He’sgonealot.It’snotsafearoundhereforhimyouknow.Hisparoleoffi__rreallywatcheshimallthetimeandsosometimesitisjustbetterforhimnottocomehere.Besidesweh__en’tbeentogetherforawhile.Ihearhe’sintownsomewhere.”“你是指他在钱柏林?”“DoyoumeaninChamberlain”“对我和他姐姐住在这儿,她说前一段时间她在那儿见过他不过喜鹊不会去加利福尼亚的即使你见到他并和他谈此事,他现在也决不会离开这儿”“YesIliveherewithhissisterandshesaidthatshesawhimtherequiteawhileago.But__gpiewouldnotgotoCalifornia.Hewouldneverle__eherenowevenifyousawhimandtalkedtohimaboutit.”“可他以前去过,”我说,“他去过西雅图大学”“Buthedidbefore”Isaid“HewenttotheUniversityofSeattle.”“是的,但……但是,那是以前,”她说,似乎不想再谈这个话题“Yeahbut…wellthatwasbefore”shesaidasthoughtofinishthe__tter.“你难道不希望他去吗?”我问道“Don’tyouwanthimtogo”Iasked.“哦,这不是我说了算的我们现在已经分开了我只是告诉你,你一定会失望的像你这样的人希望他需要那些,可他已经不再需要了”她很快答道,语气非常肯定Quicklysheresponded“Ohit’snotuptometosay.Heisgonefrommenow.I’mjust____ingyouthatyouareinforadisappointment.Henolongerneedsthethingsthatpeoplelikeyouwanthimtoneed”shesaidpositively.当她意识到我不喜欢她用“像你这样的人”的字眼时,她停了一下,然后把手放在我的胳膊上,“听着,”她说,“喜鹊现在终于快乐了他情绪很好,英俊倜傥,自由自在而又意志坚强他和兄弟们一起坐在皮鼓前唱歌,他现在一切都很好以前,每当发表那些反__和__美国印第安人事务委员会的言论时,他总会越发气愤,充满怨恨我曾为他担忧,但现在我不再担心了你___不让他独自呆着呢?”WhenshesawthatIdidn’tlikeherreferen__to“peoplelikeyou”shestoppedforamomentandthenputherhandonmyarm.“Listen”shesaid“__gpieishappynowfinally.Heisingoodspiritshandsomeandfreeandstrong.Hesitsatthedrumandsingswithhisbrothers:he’sokaynow.Whenhewassayingallthosethingsagainstthegover__entandagainstthecouncilhebecamemoreandmoreuglyandembitteredandIusedtobeafraidforhim.ButI’mnotnow.我和赛利娜坐在一家咖啡馆里IwassittingatthecaféwithSalina.她突然说道“我不知道喜鹊在哪儿,我已经4天没见到他了”Abruptlyshesaid“Idon’tknowwhere__pieis.Ih__en’tseenhiminfourdays.”“我把他的诗也带来了”我说,“他有机会进入加利福尼亚的艺术学院,但是我必须和他谈一谈,还要让他填一下这些表格我相信他一定会感兴趣的”“I’vegothispoemsherewithme”Isaid.“HehasagoodchangeofgoingtoaFineArtsschoolinCaliforniabutIh__etotalkwithhimandgethimtofilloutsomepapers.Iknowthatheisinterested.”“不,他不会的,”她打断了我,“他根本就不再做这些没用的、愚蠢的梦了”“Noheisn’t”shebrokein.“Hedoesn’th__ethoseworthless____tydreamsanymore.”“别这样说,赛利娜,这对他真的是个好机会”“Don’tsaythatSalina.Thisisagoodchan__forhim.”“好了,你爱怎么想就怎么想吧,可最近你跟他谈过吗?你知道他如今怎么样吗”“Wellyoucanthinkwhatyouwantbuth__eyoutalkedtohimlatelyDoyouknowhimasheisnow”“我知道他情况很好,我也知道他有这个天分”“Iknowheisgood.Iknowhehassuchtalent.”“他是一个印第安人,这次他回到这里是要住下来”“HeisIndianandhe’sbackheretostaythistime.”“你和我一起开车去钱柏林,好吗?”我问道“WouldyoudriveintoChamberlainwithme”Iasked.她一言不发Shesaidnothing.“如果他是你所说的那种印第安人,不管那是什么意思,如果他这次回来是要住下来,如果他自己亲口对我说出来,我就打消这个念头但是,赛利娜,”我极力说服道,“我一定要跟他谈谈,问问他想要做什么你知道我的意思,不是吗?”“IfheisIndianasyousaywhateverthatmeansandifheisbackheretostaythistimeandifhe____smethathimselfI’llletitgo.ButSalina”Iurged“Imusttalktohimandaskhimwhathewantstodo.Youseethatdon’tyou”“是的,我知道了,”她终于说道,“他有权知道这一切,但你会明白”“Yes”shesaidfinally.“Hehasarighttoknowaboutthisbutyou’llsee…”我们离开时,她的高跟鞋在咖啡屋前的人行道上发出清脆的响声,当她又谈及喜鹊时,变得焦虑不安Herheelsclickedonthesidewalkinfrontofthecaféasweleftandshebecameagitatedasshetalked.“他在卡司特__时,因为__被烧,惹了麻烦,被判入狱1年他现在还在假释期间,他的假释期还有5年,可他们连任何对他不利的证据都没有找到5年呀!你能相信吗?现在连谋杀罪的人都没有判这样重”“AfterallthattroublehegotintoduringthatprotestatCusterwhenthecourthousewasburnedhewasinjailforayear.He’sstillonparoleandhewillbeonparoleforanotherfiveyears–andtheydidn’tevenproveanythingagainsthim!Fiveyears!CanyoubelievethatPeoplethesedayscancommitmurderandnotgetthatkindofasenten__.”我们驱车行使在钱柏林的大街上,埃尔吉正站在银行附近的拐角处,我和赛利娜都心照不宣,这个喜鹊的好朋友肯定知道他在哪儿ElgiewasstandingonthecornerneartheBankaswedrovedownthe__instreetofChamberlainandbothSalinaandIknewwithoutspeakingthatthis__nthisgoodfriendof__gpie’swouldknowofhiswhereabouts.我们停了车,埃尔吉走了过来,舒服地靠坐在车的后排座位上WeparkedthecarElgiecameoverandsettledhimselfinthebackseatofthecar.车慢慢地驶到了我们停车的街角处,假释官目不转睛地盯着我们3人,而我们却假装没看见Apoli__carmovedslowlytothecornerwherewewereparkedandthepatrolmenlookedatthethreeofusintentlyandwepretendednottonoti__.巡逻车在空荡荡的街道上慢慢前行我小心谨慎地转向埃尔吉ThepatrolcarincheddowntheemptystreetandIturnedcautiouslytowardElgie.我还没来得及开口,赛利娜说,“她给喜鹊拿了些表格他有可能进入加利福尼亚的一所作家学院读书”BeforeIcouldspeakSalinasaid“Sheisgotsomepapersfor__gpie.Hehasachan__togotoawriter’sschoolinCalifornia.”总是不太想让别人清楚地了解他的想法的埃尔吉说道,“是吗?”可赛利娜却不想让他就这么不置可否“埃尔吉,”她嘲弄道,“埃尔吉,你知道他是不会去的!”AlwaystentativeaboutlettingyouknowwhathewasreallythinkingElgiesaid“Yeah”ButSalinawouldn’tlethimgetawaysononcommittally“Elgie”shescoffed.“Youknowhewouldn’tgo!”“是呀,你知道,”埃尔吉开口说,“卡司特那件事发生以后,我和喜鹊曾经想要躲藏起来,最后我们到了奥古斯塔娜大学的校园那儿有我们的几个朋友他开始谈论自由,而这些是我永远都不会忘记的在那以后当他被捕入狱时,自由便成为了他的主要话题自由他渴望自由,可是,老兄,他们总盯着你的时候,你不可能有自由哦,那个怪物,就是他的那个假释官,是一只卑鄙的看门狗”“Wellyouknow”Elgiebegan“onetimewhen__gpieandmewerehidingoutafterthatCusterthingweendedupontoAugustanaCollegeCampus.Wegotsomefriendsthere.Andhestartedtalkingabout_______andIneverforgetthatandthenafterhewentwantstobefreeandyoucan’tbethat__nwhenthey’rewatchingyouallthetime.__nthatfreakthat’shisparoleoffi__rissomemeanwatch-dog.”“你觉得他会拿到奖学金吗?”我满怀希望地说“Youthinkhemightgoforthescholarship”Iaskedhopefully.“我不知道也许吧”“Idon’tknow.__ybe.”“他在哪儿?”我问道“Whereishe”Iasked.沉默了很长一会儿后,埃尔吉终于开口了“我想你来得太好了,因为喜鹊需要从这没完没了的监视和检查中解脱出来事实上,他一直谈道“如果我和白人交往,那么我将没有自由;那里没有印第安人的自由你现在应该和他谈谈他变了他赞成同白人完全分离或隔离”Therewasalongsilen__.ThenElgiesaidatlast“Ithinkit’sgoodthatyou’vecomebecause__gpieneedssomerelieffromthisconstantsurveillan__constantcheckingup.Infactthat’swhathealwaystalksabout.‘IfIh__etoassociatewiththewhitesthenI’mnotfree:thereisnolibertyinthatforIndians.’Youshouldtalktohimnow.He’schanged.He’sforcompleteseparationsegregationtotalisolationfromthewhites.”“这是不是有点太过分了?太不实际了?”我问道“Isn’tthatabittooradicalToounrealistic”Iasked.“我不知道我真的不知道”“Idon’tknow.DamnifIknow.”“好了,”赛利娜说,“你觉得他在加利福尼亚的那所大学里会怎样?可这是他学习和写作的一个好机会我觉得他会从中找到一种愉快的感觉”“Yeah”saidSalina“JustwhatdoyouthinkitwouldbelikeforhimatthatuniversityinCalifornia”“Butit’sachan__forhimtostudytowrite.HecanfindakindofsatisfyingisolationinthatIthink.”过了一会儿,埃尔吉说道“不错,我认为你是对的”AfterafewmomentsElgiesaid“YeahIthinkyouareright.”然后他又从后排座位上抬起身来说道“我要过桥了,再过大约3个街区就到了在我快要下桥的地方的左边有一座白色的老式二层小楼喜鹊的哥哥刚从内布拉斯加州___出来,现在跟他的妻子就住在那儿,喜鹊也在””Soonhegotoutofthebackseatandsaid“I’mgoingtowalkoverthebridge.It’saboutthreeblocksdownthere.Thereisanoldwhittwo-storyhouseontheleftsidejustbeforeyoucrossthebridge.__gpie’sbrotherjustgotoutoftheNebraskaStateRefor__toryandheisstayingtherewithhisoldladyandthat’swhere__gpieis.”现在终于能够和他谈谈,并让他自己作出决定了Atlast!NowIcouldreallytalktohimandlethim__kethisdecisionforhimself.“呵!还有些问题,”埃尔吉说,“喜鹊本不应该在那儿,你知道,因为这是他的假释条件的一部分,那就是他要离开朋友、亲戚和以前的囚犯,差不多是所有的人可上帝呀,这是他的哥哥呀等到日落前你们再来把车停在加油站那儿,只要从那儿绕过那条街走到房子的后门进去,你就可以跟喜鹊谈所有这一切了”“Therearethingsaboutthisthough”Elgiesaid.“__gpieshouldn’th__ebeenthereseebecauseit’sapartoftheconditionofhisparolethathestaysawayfromfriendsandrelativesandex-convictsandjustabouteverybody.ButJesusthisishisbrother.Waituntiljustbeforesundownandthencomeover.Parkyourcarattheservi__stationjustaroundtheblockfromthereandwalktothebackentran__ofthehouseandthenyoucantalkto__gpieaboutallthis.”赛利娜跟我讲述着喜鹊在背井离乡数月后返回鸭溪的情形及他的亲戚是怎样到他姐姐家欢迎他返乡的“他们来听他和兄弟唱歌,他们围坐在椅子上,欢笑着和他一起歌唱”Salinawastalking____ingmeabout__gpie’sreturntoCrowCreekaftermonthsinexileandhowhisrelativeswenttohissister’shouseandwelcomedhimhome.“Theycametohearhimsingwithhisbrothersandtheysatinchairsaroundtheroomandlaughedandsangwithim.”我们到达时,院子里停着几辆车赛利娜压低声音说,“她们可能正在聚会”SeveralcarswereparkedintheyardoftheoldhouseasweapproachedandSalinakeepinghervoi__lowsaid“__ybetheyareh__inga_____.”然而,四周的寂静使我忐忑不安当我们走进敞着的后门时,看到人们都站在厨房里,我小心翼翼地问道,“出什么事了?Butthesilen__whichhungaboutthepla__filledmewithapprehensionandwhenwewalkedinthebackdoorwhichhungopenwesawpeoplestandinginthekitchen.Iaskedcarefully“What’swrong”没有人答话,只有埃尔吉走了过来他那充血的眼睛里充满悲伤和痛苦NobodyspokebutElgiecameoverhisbloodshoteyesfilledwithsorrowandmisery.他在我们面前站了一会儿,然后示意我们到起居室去Hestoodinfrontofusforamomentandthengesturedustogointothelivingroom.屋子里静静地,坐满了人终于,埃尔吉轻轻地说道,“他们枪杀了他”Theroomwasfilledwithpeoplesittinginsilen__andfinallyElgiesaidquietly“Theyshothim.”“他们说他违反了假释条件把他抓走了,关进监狱后就枪杀了他”“Theypickedhimupforbreakingtheconditionsofhisparoleandtheyputhiminjailand…theyshothim.”“可是___?”我大喊道,“怎么会发生这样的事?”“Butwhy”Icried.“Howcouldthish__ehappened”“他们说他们认为他要反抗,而且他们害怕他”“Theysaidtheythoughthewasresistingandthattheywereafraidofhim.”“害怕?”我怀疑地问,“但……但是,他有武器吗?”“Afraid”Iaskedincredulously.“But…but…washearmed”“没有”,埃尔吉说着坐了下来他的胳膊撑在膝盖上,头低着“No”Elgiesaidseatednowhisarmonhiskneeshisheaddown.“Nohewasn’tarmed.”我把喜鹊的诗紧紧握在手里,两手的拇指交替在平滑的纸夹上狠狠地摁着Iheldthepoemstightlyinmyhandspressingmythumbsfirstoneandthentheotheragainstthe__oothnessofthecardboardfolder.布里尔小姐Lesson7MissBrill尽管阳光明媚——蓝天涂上了金色,巨大的光点犹如泼洒在公共花园里的白葡萄酒——布里尔小姐很高兴自己还是决定戴上了狐皮围巾Althoughitwassobrilliantlyfine–theblueskypowderedwithgoldandthegreatspotsoflightlikewhitewinesplashedovertheJardinsPubliques–MissBrillwasgladthatshehaddecidedonherfur.空气中一丝风也没有,但当你张开嘴时,却有那么一丝丝凉意那感觉犹如你要吸一小口冰水时从杯子里冒出的凉气那样不时有一片落叶从无人知晓的地方飘来,从天空飘来Theairwasmotionlessbutwhenyouopenedyourmouththerewasjustafaintchilllikeachillfromaglassofi__dwaterbeforeyousipandnowandagainaleafcamedrifting–fromnowherefromthesky.布里尔小姐抬起手来摸着狐皮围巾MissBrillputupherhandandtouchedherfur.可爱的小东西!再次触摸到它感觉真好Dearlittlething!Itwasni__tofeelitagain.下午她把它从盒子里拿了出来,抖掉防蛀粉,好好地刷了一遍,把没有光泽的小眼睛擦得又恢复了生气Shehadtakenitoutofitsboxthatafternoonshakenoutthemoth-powdergivenitagoodbrushandrubbedthelifebackintothedimlittleeyes.“我怎么了?”忧伤的小眼睛问道“Whathasbeenhappeningtome”saidthesadlittleeyes.哈,看到它们从红鸭绒垫上再次亮闪闪地盯着她,实在是令人高兴,但是用某种黑色合成物做的鼻子很不结实了,一定是不知怎么被撞了一下Ohhowsweetitwastoseethemsnapatheragainfromtheredeiderdown!…Butthenosewhichwasofsomeblackcompositionwasn’tatallfirm.Itmusth__ehadaknocksomehow.没关系,到时候,到绝对必要的时候用黑色的火漆擦一擦小淘气!Nevermind–alittledabofblacksealing-waxwhenthetimecame–whenitwasabsolutelyne__ssary.…Littlerogue!是的,她的确觉得它是个小淘气Yesshereallyfeltlikethataboutit.这个小淘气就在她左耳边咬住自己的尾巴Littleroguebitingitstailjustbyherleftear.她本可以取下它来放在膝上抚弄一下,她感到手和胳膊略微有些刺痛,她想可能是由于走了路的缘故Shecouldh__etakenitoffandlaiditonherlapandstrokedit.Shefeltatinglinginherhandsandarms.Butthatcamefromwalkingshesupposed.当她呼吸时,似乎有一种轻柔忧郁的东西——不,不是忧郁——是某种温柔的东西在她的胸中__Andwhenshebreathedsomethinglightandsad–nonotsadexactly–somethinggentleseemedtomoveinherbosom.今天下午出来的人很多,比上星期日多多了,而且乐队演奏得也好像更加响亮、欢快Therewereanumberofpeopleoutthisafternoon.farmorethanlastSunday.Andthebandsoundedlouderandgayer.那是因为演出季节开始了ThatwasbecausetheSeasonhadbegun.尽管乐队每逢星期日都演奏,但不是演出季节时总是不太一样ForalthoughthebandplayedalltheyearroundonSundaysoutofseaonitwasneverthesame.就好像一个人只演奏给家里人听那样,没有陌生人在场,演得怎样都没关系Itwaslikesomeoneplayingwithonlythefamilytolisten;itdidn’tcarehowitplayedifthereweren’tanystrangerspresent.指挥不也穿了一件新上衣吗?她肯定那是新的Wasn’ttheconductorwearinganewcoattooShewassureitwasnew.他像一只正要鸣叫的公鸡那样一只脚蹭着地,摆动着双臂坐在绿色圆亭里的乐队成员们鼓起两腮,眼睛盯着乐谱Hescrapedwithhisfootandflappedhisarmslikearoosterabouttocrowandtheband__ensittinginthegreenrotundablewouttheircheeksandglaredatthemusic.这时传来“长笛般”柔和清亮的一小段音乐——十分悦耳——一长串活泼的急降Nowtherecamealittle“flutey”bit–verypretty!–alitterchainofbrightdrops.她知道这一段一定会重复出现的是的,重复了,她抬起头来笑了Shewassureitwouldberepeated.Itwas;sheliftedherheadand__iled.只有两个人和她一起坐在她的“专座”上,一位是穿着丝绒上衣相貌出众的老头,双手握着一根巨大的雕花手杖;还有一个身材高大的老太太,笔直地坐着,绣花围裙上放着一卷织着的毛活Onlytwopeoplesharedher“special”seat:afineold__ninavelvetcoathishandsclaspedoverahugecarvedwalking-stickandabigoldwo__nsittinguprightwitharollofknittingonherembroideredapron.他们都不说话,令人非常失望,因为布里尔小姐总是期待着别人的谈话,她觉得自己能够十分老练、不动声色地听别人的谈话,十分在行地利用别人在她周围谈话的时机短暂地介入别人的生活Theydidnotspeak.ThiswasdisappointingforMissBrillalwayslookedforwardtoconversation.Shehadbecomereallyquiteexpertshethoughtatlisteningasthoughshedidn’tlistenatsittinginotherpeople’slivesjustaminutewhiletheytalkedroundher.她斜眼看了看这对老人,他们也许很快就会走的Sheglan__dsidewaysattheoldcouple.Perhapstheywouldgosoon.上星期日也不如平时那么有趣LastSundaytoohadn’tbeenasinterestingasusual.那天有一个英国人和他的妻子,男人戴了顶非常难看的巴拿马草帽,女人穿了双带扣长筒靴AnEnglish__nandhiswifehewearingadreadfulPana__hatandshebuttonboots.所有的时间里她都在说她如何应该戴眼镜,她知道自己需要眼镜,可买眼镜也不行,也许会打碎,总是戴不住而男人是那么耐心,他什么建议都提了,金丝镜框,那种镜腿弯曲紧扣耳朵的镜框,眼镜鼻架侧面安上小垫不行,什么也无法使她满意“它总是会从鼻子上滑下来的!”布里尔小姐真想抓住她好好地摇她几下Andshe’sgoneonthewholetimeabouthowsheoughttowearspectacles;sheknewsheneededthem;Butthatitwasnogoodgettingany;they’dbesuretobreakandthey’dneverkeepon.Andhe’dbeensopatient.He’dsuggestedeverything–goldrimsthekindthatcurvedroundyourearslittlepadsinsidethebridge.Nonothingwouldpleaseher.“They’llalwaysbeslidingdownmynose!”MissBrillhadwantedtoshakeher.那两个老人坐在座位上,仍像雕像一样一声不响Theoldpeoplesatonthebenchstillasstatues.没关系,总有许多人可看Nevermindtherewasalwaysthecrowdtowatch.在花圃前和乐队所在的圆亭前,成双成对或三五成群的人们来回漫步,时而停下来交谈、打招呼,或从一个把花盘捆在栏杆上的老乞丐手里买上一把花Toandfroinfrontoftheflower-bedsandthebandrotundathecouplesandgroupsparadedstoppedtotalktogreettobuyahandfulofflowersfromtheoldbeggarwhohadhistrayfixedtotherailings.孩子们在他们中间奔跑着,打闹着,大声笑着,男孩子们下巴底下戴着大个的白色丝绸蝴蝶领结,女孩子们打扮得就像法国玩具娃娃,穿着丝绸带花边的衣服Littlechildrenranamongthemswoopingandlaughing;littleboyswithbigwhitesilkbowsundertheirchins;littlegirlslittleFrenchdollsdressedupinvelvetandla__.有时一个刚刚学步的小家伙突然从树下摇摇晃晃地走出来,在空地上停下,睁大眼睛张望着,突然“扑通”一下坐在地上,直到他娇小的母亲高抬着脚步像只小母鸡一样一边责备着一边冲过去把他救起Andsometimesatinystaggeredcamesuddenlyrockingintotheopenfromunderthetreesstoppedstaredassuddenlysatdownflopuntilits__allhigh-steppingmotherlikeayounghenandrushedscoldingtoitsrescue.另外一些人坐在长凳上或是绿色的椅子上,但一个又一个星期日,几乎总是同样的一些人,而且布里尔小姐常常注意到他们几乎所有的人身上都有一些奇怪之处OtherpeoplesatonthebenchesandgreenchairsbuttheywerenearlyalwaysthesameSundayafterSundayand—MissBrillhadoftennoti__d—therewassome-thingfunnyaboutnearlyallofthem.他们古怪、沉默,几乎都很老看他们睁大眼睛的样子,好像是刚从黑暗的小屋子里出来,甚至——甚至是刚从小橱柜里出来Theywereoddsilentnearlyalloldandfromthewaytheystaredtheylookedasthoughtheydjustcomefromdarklittleroomsoreven—-evencupboards!在圆形大厅后面是垂着黄叶的细长的树木,穿过树叶可见一线大海,在那之外便是漂浮着金色纹脉白云的蓝天Behindtherotundatheslendertreeswithyellowle__esdowndroopingandthroughthemjustalineofseaandbeyondtheblueskygold-veinedclouds.Tum-tum-tumtiddle-um!Tiddle-um!Turntiddley-umturnta!Blewtheband.两个穿红色衣服的年轻姑娘从附近走过,两个穿蓝色军装的年轻土兵同她们相遇他们高声笑着分成两对挽臂而去Twoyounggirlsinredcamebyandtwoyoungsol___rsinbluemetthemandtheylaughedandpairedandwentoffarminarm.两个戴着可笑草帽的农妇神情庄重地牵着漂亮的暗灰色的毛驴走了过去Twopeasantwomenwithfunnystrawhatspassedgr__elyleadingbeautiful__oke-coloreddonkey.一个冷冰冰的,面色苍白的修女匆匆走过Acoldpalenunhurriedby.一个美貌的女人向这边走来,将一束紫罗兰掉在地上,一个小男孩追上去把花递还给她,她接过去后又扔掉了,仿佛花被放了毒似的Abeautifulwo__ncamealonganddroppedherbunchofvioletsandalittleboyranaftertohandthemtoherandshetookthemandthrewthemawayasiftheydbeenpoisoned.天哪,布里尔小姐真不知道该不该称赞这种行为Dearme!MissBrilldidntknowwhethertoadmirethatornot!现在一个戴貂皮无沿帽的女人和一个穿灰衣服的先生正好在她面前相遇了Andnowanerminetoqueandagentle__ningreymetjustinfrontofher.他身材高大、神态拘谨、举止庄重,而她戴的貂皮无沿帽是在她的头发是黄色时买的Hewastallstiffdignifiedandshewaswearingtheerminetoqueshedboughtwhenherhairwasyellow.而现在她的一切,头发,脸,甚至眼睛都和这顶破旧的貂皮帽一样颜色苍白了她抬起来轻抹嘴唇的那只戴着洗过手套的手是只发黄的爪子Noweverythingherhairherfa__evenhereyeswasthesamecolorastheshabbyermineandherhandinitscleanedgloveliftedtodabherlipswasatinyyellowishpaw.哈!她见到他真是太高兴了——太愉快了!Ohshewassopleasedtoseehim—delighted!她觉得他们是定好下午会面的Sheratherthoughttheyweregoingtomeetthatafternoon.她描述她到了什么地方——这儿、那儿、海边,到处都去了Shedescribedwhereshedbeen—everywhereheretherealongbythesea.天气是这样可爱——难道他不同意吗?也许他不愿意吧?Thedaywassocharming—didntheagreeAndwouldntheperhaps但他摇了摇头,点上一支香烟,徐徐地把一大口烟喷在了她的脸上,在她仍在谈笑风生时,把火柴轻轻向外一弹,继续走开去…Butheshookhisheadlightedacigaretteslowlybreathedagreatdeeppuffintoherfa__andevenwhileshewasstilltalkingandlaughingflickedthe__tchawayandwalkedon.只有貂皮无沿帽独自呆在那里,她笑得更加明快了Theerminetoquewasalone;she__iledmorebrightlythanever.就连乐队也似乎知道她的感觉而演奏得更轻柔了,乐队轻柔地演奏着,鼓点声一遍又一遍地敲出“畜生!畜生!”ButeventhebandseemedtoknowwhatshewasfeelingandplayedmoresoftlyplayedtenderlyandthedrumbeatTheBrute!TheBrute!overandover.她要做些什么呢?现在会发生什么事?WhatwouldshedoWhatwasgoingtohappennow然而就在布里尔小姐想着这些的时候,貂皮无沿帽转过身去,好像看见了就在那边有另一个更好的人似地扬起手,嗒嗒地走了ButasMissBrillwonderedtheerminetoqueturnedraisedherhandasthoughshedseensomeoneelsemuchni__rjustoverthereandpatteredaway.乐队又一次改变节奏,演奏得比任何时候都更快,更欢,坐在布里尔小姐凳子上的老人站起身来走了乐队又一次改变节奏,演奏得比任何时候都更快,更欢,坐在布里尔小姐凳子上的老人站起身来走了这个连鬓胡子很长的老头真滑稽,和着音乐的节拍蹒跚地走着,差点被四个并排走着的姑娘给撞倒AndthebandchangedagainandplayedmorequicklymoregailythaneverandtheoldcoupleonMissBrill’sseatgotupand__rchedawayandsuchafunnyold__nwithlongwhiskershobbledalongintimetothemusicandwasnearlyknockedoverbyfourgirlswalkingabreast.啊,这一切是多么的迷人!多么令她欣喜!Ohhowfascinatingitwas!Howsheenjoyedit!她是多么喜欢坐在这里,看着这一切!Howshelovedsittingherewatchingitall!就像是一出戏,完全就像是一出戏Itwaslikeaplay.Itwasexactlylikeaplay.谁能相信背后的天空不是画出来的?Whocouldbelievetheskyatthebackwasn’tpainted但是直到一只棕色的小狗神色庄重地迈着小步走过来,然后又慢慢迈着小步走过去,就像一只“演戏”的小狗,一只被轻度麻醉的小狗那样,直到这时布里尔小姐才发现这一切如此令人激动Butitwasn’ttillalittlebrowndogtrottedonsolemnlyandthenslowlytrottedofflikealittle“theatre”dogalittledogthathadbeendruggedthatMissBrilldiscoveredwhatitwasthat__deitsoexciting.他们全都在舞台上他们不仅仅是观众,不仅仅在一边观看,他们也在演戏Theywereallonthestage.Theyweren’tonlytheau___n__notonlylookingon;theywereacting.就连她自己也是其中的一个角色,每个星期天都来EvenshehadapartandcameeverySunday.毫无疑问,如果她没有来,就会引起别人的注意,她毕竟是整个演出的一部分Nodoubtsomebodywouldh__enoti__difshehadntbeenthere;shewaspartoftheperfor__n__afterall.奇怪,她过去从未这样想过Howstrangeshe’dneverthoughtofitlikethatbefore!但是这也解释了她___每一个星期都要这样特意在同一时间离家——是为了不误演出——而且这也解释了___她在给来向她学习英语的学生讲她如何度过每个星期日下午时会有这样古怪的羞怯的感觉Andyetitexplainedwhyshe__desuchapointofstartingfromhomeatjustthesametimeeachweek—soasnottobelatefortheperfor__n__—anditalsoexplainedwhyshehadquiteaqueershyfeelingat____ingherEnglishpupilshowshespentherSundayafternoons.真是难怪!布里尔小姐几乎笑出声来Nowonder!MissBrillnearlylaughedoutloud.她是在舞台上她想起了那个生病的老人,她每周有四个下午趁他在花园里躺着时给他读报纸Shewasonthestage.Shethoughtoftheoldinvalidgentle__ntowhomshereadthenewspaperfourafternoonsaweekwhilehesleptinthegarden.她已经完全习惯了在棉布枕头上的那个虚弱的脑袋,那深深凹陷的眼睛,张着的嘴巴和高高的皱缩的鼻子Shehadgotquiteusedtothefrailheadonthecottonpillowthehollowedeyestheopenmouthandthehighpinchednose.如果他死去,很可能她许多个星期都不会注意到,也不会在乎Ifhedbeendeadshemightnth__enoti__dforweeks;shewouldnth__eminded.但是他突然知道了给他读报纸的是个女演员!“一个女演员!”衰老的头抬了起来,昏花的眼中闪动着两个光点Butsuddenlyheknewhewash__ingthepaperreadtohimbyanactress!Anactress!Theoldheadlifted;twopointsoflightquiveredintheoldeyes.“女演员——是你吗?”布里尔小姐于是抚平报纸,仿佛这是她的台词,并且温柔地说道“是的,我当演员已经很久了”Anactress—areyeAndMissBrill__oothedthenewspaperasthoughitwerethe__nuscriptofherpartandsaidgently:YesIh__ebeenanactressforalongtime.乐队刚才一直在休息,现在又重新开始演奏了Thebandhadbeenh__ingarest.Nowtheystartedagain.他们演奏的乐曲热烈、明快,然而透着一丝凉意——一种难以言状的东西是什么呢?——不是悲哀——不,不是悲哀——是一种使你想唱歌的气氛Andwhattheyplayedwaswarmsunnyyettherewasjustafaintchill—asomethingwhatwasit—notsadness—nonotsadness—asomethingthat__deyouwanttosing.曲调升华,升华,阳光灿烂,布里尔小姐感到再过一会儿他们所有的人,剧团全体人员都会唱起来Thetuneliftedliftedthelightshone;anditseemedtoMissBrillthatinanothermomentallofthemallthewholecompanywouldbeginsinging.那些年轻的人,那些在一起活动的笑着的人会先开始歌唱,然后坚定勇敢的男声会加入进来,然后她也加入,还有长凳上坐着的其他人——他们会以伴唱的形式加入进来——声音很低,几乎没有起伏,非常动听——感人……布里尔小姐眼中充满泪水,微笑着看着剧团的全体人员Theyoungonesthelaughingoneswhoweremovingtogethertheywouldbeginandthemensvoi__sveryresoluteandbr__ewouldjointhem.Andthenshetooshetooandtheothersonthebenches—theywouldcomeinwithakindofaccompaniment—somethinglowthatscar__lyroseorfellsomethingsobeautiful—moving…andMissBrillseyesfilledwithtearsandshelooked__ilingatalltheothermembersofthecompany.是的,我们明白,我们明白,她想到——虽然她并不知道他们明白什么Yesweunderstandweunderstandshethought—thoughwhattheyunderstoodshedidntknow.这个时候一对青年男女走过来坐在刚才那对老夫妻坐的地方Justatthatmomentaboyandagirlcameandsatdownwheretheoldcouplehadbeen.他们衣着鲜亮,正在恋爱Theywerebeautifullydressed;theywereinlove.当然男女主人公刚刚从他父亲的游艇上下来Theheroand______eofcoursejustarrivedfromhisfathersyacht.布里尔小姐仍然在无声地唱着歌,仍带着颤抖的微笑,她准备好听他们的谈话Andstillsoundlesslysingingstillwiththattrembling__ileMissBrillpreparedtolisten.“不行,现在不行,”姑娘说道,“别在这里,我不能”Nonotnowsaidthegirl.NothereIcant.“可是___?是因为坐在那一头的那个愚蠢的老家伙吗?”小伙子问ButwhyBecauseofthatstupidoldthingattheendthereaskedtheboy.“她___要到这里来——谁需要她?她___不把她那副愚蠢的尊容留在家里?”Whydoesshecomehereatall—whowantsherWhydoesntshekeephersillyoldmugathome“她的那条皮围巾太滑稽了”姑娘哈哈地笑着说,“和一条炸鲤鱼完全一样”Itsherfu-furwhichissofunnygiggledthegirl.Itsexactlylikeafriedwhiting.“嘿,滚你的吧!”小伙子生气地低语道接着又说“告诉我,小心肝——”Ahbeoffwithyou!saidtheboyinanangrywhisper.Then:____me__petitechere—“不,别在这里,”姑娘说道,“先别这样”Nonothere“saidthegirl.Notyet.在回家的路上她总是要在面包店买上一块蜂蜜蛋糕这是她星期日的特殊享受Onherwayhomesheusuallyboughtasli__ofhoney-cakeatthebakers.ItwasherSundaytreat.有时候买的蛋糕里有粒杏仁,有时候没有有没有大不一样Sometimestherewasanalmondinhersli__sometimesnot.It__deagreatdifferen__.如果有杏仁,就像是带回家一个小小的礼物——一份惊喜——一个本来很可能没有的东西Iftherewasanalmonditwaslikecarryinghomeatinypresent—asurprise—somethingthatmightverywellnoth__ebeenthere.在有杏仁的那些星期日,她总是匆匆赶回家,精神抖擞地划火柴点火烧水ShehurriedonthealmondSundaysand.struckthe__tchforthekettleinquiteadashing但是今天她径直从面包店门前走过,爬上楼梯走进那个昏暗的小屋——她的像小柜橱一般的小屋——坐在红鸭绒垫上Buttodayshepassedthebakersbyclimbedthestairswentintothelittledarkroom—herroomlikeacupboard—andsatdownontheredeiderdown.她坐了很久Shesatthereforalongtime.装狐皮围巾的那只盒子放在床上Theboxthatthefurcameoutofwasonthebed.她迅速解下围巾,看也不看,很快地把它放进了盒子Sheunclaspedtheneckletquickly;quicklywithoutlookinglaiditinside.但当她盖上盒盖时,她觉得听见了哭声ButwhensheputthelidonshethoughtsheheardsomethingcryingLesson8第八课人生的一课快一年了,大部分时间我都泡在家里、店铺、学校和教堂里,就像一块旧饼干,又脏又难以下咽FornearlyayearIsoppedaroundthehousetheStoretheschoolandthechurchlikeanoldbiscuitdirtyandinedible.这时我遇到或者说认识了抛给我第一根救生索的那位__ThenImetorrathergottoknowtheladywhothrewmefirstlifeline.波萨弗劳尔斯__是斯坦普司黑人区中的出类拔萃的人物Mrs.BerthaFlowerswasthearistocratofBlackStamps.她动作优雅,即使在最冷的天气里也不缩手缩脚,而在阿肯色州的夏日里,她似乎又有属于自己的微风环绕在她的身旁,给她带来凉爽Shehadthegra__ofcontroltoappearwarminthecoldestweatherandonetheArkansassummerdaysitseemedshehadaprivatebreezewhichswirledaroundcoolingher.她的皮肤深黑迷人,如果被挂住就会像李子皮一样剥落,但没有人敢离她近点,碰皱她的衣服,更不要说挂住她的皮肤了Herskinwasarichblackthatwouldh__epeeledlikeaplumifsnaggedbutthennoonewouldh__ethoughtofgettingcloseenoughtoMrs.Flowerstoruffleherdressletalonesnagherskin.她不太喜欢亲近,另外她还带着手套Shedidntencouragefamiliarity.Sheworeglovestoo.她是我所知道的为数不多的有气质的女士之一,并且是我做人的楷模,影响了我一生ShewasoneofthefewgentlewomenIh__eeverknownandhasre__inedthroughoutmylifethemeasureofwhatahu__nbeingcanbe.我被她深深地吸引,因为她像是我从没有亲身遇到过的那些人SheappealedtomebecauseshewaslikepeopleIhadnevermetpersonally.她就像英国小说中的女人,走在沼泽地里(不管是什么地方),一群忠实的狗奔跑在她们的身旁,并与她们保持一定的距离以示尊敬LikewomeninEnglishnovelswhowalkedthemoorswhatevertheywerewiththeirloyaldogsracingatarespectfuldistan__.她就像坐在炉火熊熊的壁炉前的女人,不时从装满蛋糕和松脆饼的银盘中取东西喝Likethewomenwhosatinfrontofroaringfirepla__sdrinkingteain__ssantlyfromsilvertraysfullofsconesandcrumpets.她就像走在“石南丛生的荒野”中,读着用摩洛哥山羊皮装订的书的那些女人,而且有用连字符隔开的两个姓Womenwhowalkedovertheheath”andreadmorocco-boundbooksandhadtwolastnamesdividedbyahyphen.可以肯定地说,是她本人使我为自己是个黑人而感到骄傲Itwouldbesafetosaythatshe__demeproudtobeNegrojustbybeingherself.那个在我的记忆中如甜奶般鲜活的夏日的午后,她来我们的店里买东西Onesummerafternoonsweet-milkfreshinmymemoryshestoppedattheStoretobuyprovisions.换了另外一个同她身体情况和年龄相当的黑人妇女就会一只手把纸袋拎回家去,但奶奶却说,“弗劳尔斯大姐,让贝利帮你把东西送回家去”AnotherNegrowo__nofherhealthandagewouldh__ebeenexpectedtocarrythepapersackshomeinonehandbutMom__saidSisterFlowersIllsendBai-leyuptoyourhousewiththesethings.“谢谢您,汉德森__但我想让玛格丽特帮我送回去”ThankyouMrs.Henderson.Idprefer__rgueritethough.她说我名字时,我的名字也变得动听起来Mynamewasbeautifulwhenshesaidit.“反正我一直想跟她谈一谈”她们互相对视了一下,其间的意思只有她们这些同龄人才明白Ivebeenmean-instotalktoheranyway.Theyg__eeachotheragegrouplooks.在石头路旁有一条小路,弗劳尔斯__在前面摆动着胳膊,在碎石路上小心地走着TherewasalittlepathbesidetherockyroadandMrs.Flowerswalkedinfrontswingingherarmsandpickingherwayoverthestones.她没有回头,对我说,“听说你在学校里功课很好,玛格丽特,但那都是笔头作业老师说他们很难让你在课堂上发言”ShesaidwithoutturningherheadtomeIhearyou’redoingverygoodschoolwork__rgueritebutthatitsallwritten.Theteachersreportthattheyh__etroublegettingyoutotalkinclass.我们走过左边三角形的农场,路变宽了,可以允许我们并排走在一起但我畏缩地走在后面,想着那些没有问出口也无法回答的问题Wepassedthetriangularfarmonourleftandthepathwidenedtoallowustowalktogether.Ihungbackintheseparateunaskedandunanswerablequestions.“过来和我一起走,玛格丽特”我无法拒绝,尽管我很想Comeandwalkalongwithme__rguerite.Icouldnth__erefusedevenifIwantedto.她把我的名字叫得如此动听或者更确切地说,她把每个词都说得这样清晰,我相信就是一个不懂英语的外国人也能听懂她的话Shepronoun__dmynamesoni__ly.OrmorecorrectlyshespokeeachwordwithsuchclaritythatIwas__rtainaforeignerwhodidntunderstandEnglishcouldh__eunderstoodher.“现在没有人要强迫你说话——恐怕也没人能做到这一点但是你记住,语言是人类进行沟通的方式,是语言将人类同低等动物区分开来”“Nownooneisgoingto__keyoutalk—possiblynoonecan.Butbearinmindlanguageis__nswayofcommunicatingwithhisfellow__nanditislanguagealonewhichseparateshimfromthelowerani__ls.”这对我来说是一个全新的观点,我需要些时间认真考虑一下ThatwasatotallynewideatomeandIwouldneedtimetothinkaboutit.“你奶奶说你读了很多书,一有机会就读这很好,但还不够好,言语的含义不仅是写在纸上的那点它需要人的声音赋予它深层含义的细微差别”Yourgrandmothersaysyoureadalot.Everychan__youget.Thatsgoodbutnotgoodenough.Wordsmeanmorethanwhatissetdownonpaper.Ittakesthehu__nvoi__toinfusethemwiththeshadesofdeepermeaning.我记住了有关声音赋予言语更多内涵的话这些话听起来是那么正确,那么富有诗意Imemorizedthepartaboutthehu__nvoi__infusingwords.Itseemedsovalidandpoetic.她说她要给我一些书,要我不仅阅读这些书,还要大声朗读ShesaidshewasgoingtogivemesomebooksandthatInotonlymustreadthemImustreadthemaloud.她建议我用尽可能丰富的语调去读每一句话Shesuggestedthatitryto__keasenten__soundinas__nydifferentwaysaspossible.“如果你草草读完这些书就还给我的话,我不接受任何理由”Illac__ptnoexcuseifyoureturnabooktomethathasbeenbadlyhandled.我想像不出如果我真的没有认真读弗劳尔斯__的某一本书,将会受到怎样的惩罚让我__恐怕是太仁慈太干脆了Myi__ginationboggledatthepunishmentIwoulddeserveifinfactIdidabuseabookofMrs.Flowers.Deathwouldbetookindandbrief.房子里的气味让我有点吃惊Theodorsinthehousesurprisedme.不知什么缘故,我从来没有将弗劳尔斯__与食物、吃饭或是平常人的琐事__起来SomehowIhadneverconnectedMrs.Flowerswithfoodoreatingoranyothercommonexperien__ofcommonpeople.那里一定也有户外厕所,但我一点也记不起来了Theremusth__ebeenanouthousetoobutmymindneverrecordedit.她打开门,香草的芬芳迎面扑来Thesweets__ntofvanillahadmetusassheopenedthedoor.“今天早上我做了些茶点你瞧,我早打算好要请你来吃点心、柠檬水,这样我们就可以聊一会了柠檬水正放在冰盒子里呢”I__deteacookiesthismorning.YouseeIhadplannedtoinviteyouforcookiesandlemonadesowecouldh__ethislittlechat.Thelemonadeisinthei__box.这意味着弗劳尔斯__平时也买冰,而镇上大多数人家只是在星期六下午才买冰,放在木头做的冰淇凌冷藏机内,整个夏天也不过只买几次ItfollowedthatMrs.Flowerswouldh__ei__onanordinarydaywhenmostfamiliesinourtownboughti__lateonSaturdaysonlyafewtimesduringthesummertobeusedinthewoodeni__-creamfreezers.“坐吧,玛格丽特,坐到那边桌子旁”H__easeat__rguerite.Overtherebythetable.她端着一个用茶布盖着的盘Shecarriedaplattercoveredwithateatowel.尽管她事先说过她已经好久没有做点心了,我还是相信就像她的其他任何东西一样,点心也会十分精美可口AlthoughshewarnedthatshehadnttriedherhandatbakingsweetsforsometimeIwas__rtainthatlikeeverythingelseaboutherthecookieswouldbeperfect.我吃点心的时候,她开始给我讲我们后来称之为“我生活中的一课”的第一部分AsIateshebeganthefirstofwhatwelatercalledmylessoninliving.她告诉我不能宽容无知,但可以理解文盲Shesaidthatmustalwaysbeintolerantofignoran__butunderstandingofilliteracy.她认为有些人虽然没有上过学,但却比大学教授更有知识,甚至更聪明Thatsomepeopleunabletogotoschoolweremoreeducatedandevenmorein____igentthancollegeprofessors.她还鼓励我认真倾听被乡下人称为常识的一些俗语她说这些朴实谚语是一代代人__智慧的结晶Sheencouragedmetolistencarefullytowhatcountrypeoplecalledmotherwit.Thatinthosehomelysayingswascouchedthecollectivewisdomofgenerations我吃完点心后,她把桌子打扫干净,从书架上拿了一本又厚又小的书WhenIfinishedthecookiesshebrushedoffthetableandbroughtathick__allbookfromthebookcase.我读过《双城记》,认为这本书符合我心目中浪漫主义小说的标准IhadreadATaleofTwoCitiesandfoundituptomystandardsasaro__nticnovel.她翻开第一页,于是我平生第一次听到了诗朗诵SheopenedthefirstpageandIheardpoetryforthefirsttimeinmylife.“这是最辉煌的时代也是最糟糕的时代……”她的声音圆润,随着言语的起伏而抑扬顿挫,就像在唱歌一样Itwasthebestoftimesandtheworstoftimes...Hervoi__slidinandcurveddownthroughandoverthewords.Shewasnearlysinging.我想看一下她读的是否真的和我过去看的一样?Iwantedtolookatthepages.WeretheythesamethatIhadread还是像赞美诗一样,书页上满是音符?Orweretherenotesmusiclinedonthepagesasinahymnbook她的声音开始慢慢低沉下来Hersoundsbegancascadinggently.我听过很多次布道,因此我知道她的朗诵就要结束了,但我还没有真正听见或听懂一个词IknewfromlisteningtoathousandpreachersthatshewasnearingtheendofherreadingandIhadntreallyheardheardtounderstandasingleword.“你觉得怎么样?”Howdoyoulikethat我这才意识到她在期待我的回答Itoccurredtomethatsheexpectedaresponse.我的舌间还留有香草的余味,她的朗诵对我来说很奇妙Thesweetvanillafl__orwasstillonmytongueandherreadingwasawonderinmyears.我得说点什么了Ihadtospeak.我说“是的,__”我至少得说这些,我也只能说这些IsaidYea__am.ItwastheleastIcoulddobutitwasthemostalso.“还有一件事你把这本诗集拿去,背下其中的一首下次你再来看我时,我希望你背诵给我听”Theresonemorething.Takethisbookofpoemsandmemorizeoneforme.NexttimeyoupaymeavisitIwantyoutorecite.”在经历了成年后的复杂生活后,我多次试图弄清楚___当年她送给我的礼物一下子就让我陶醉了Ih__etriedoftentosearchbehindthesophisticationofyearsfortheenchantmentIsoeasilyfoundinthosegifts.书中的内容已经忘却,但余韵仍存Theessen__escapesbutitsaurare__ins.被准许,不,是被邀请进入一群陌生人的私人生活中,与他们共同__喜悦和恐惧,这使我读贝奥武夫时就犹如喝一杯蜜酒,读奥立佛特威斯特时,犹如饮一杯热奶茶,忘记了那犹如南方苦艾酒般的痛苦经历Tobeallowednoinvitedintotheprivatelivesofstrangersandtosharetheirjoysandfearswasachan__toexchangetheSouthernbitterwormwoodforacupofmeadwithBe-owulforahotcupofteaandmilkwithOliverTwist.当我大声地说“这比我做过的任何一件事都好得多”时,我眼中涌出了爱的泪水,那是为了自己的忘我WhenIsaidaloudItisafarfarbetterthingthatIdothanIh__eeverdone…tearsoflovefilledmyeyesatmyselflessness.在我第一次去她家回来,我跑下山去冲到马路上(路上很少有车经过),快到店铺时我还居然没忘了停下来OnthatfirstdayIrandownthehillandintotheroadfewcarsevercamealongitandhadthegoodsensetostoprunningbeforeIreachedtheStore.有人喜欢我,这是多么的不同啊waslikedandwhatadifferen__it__de.有人尊敬我,并不是因为我是汉德森__的外孙女或是贝利的妹妹,而是因为我是玛格丽特约翰逊IwasrespectednotasMrs.HendersonsgrandchildorBaileyssisterbutforjustbeing__rgueriteJohnson.孩提时的逻辑永远不需要证实(所有的结论都是绝对的)Childhoodslogicneveraskstobeprovedallconclusionsareabsolute.我从来没有想过___弗劳尔斯__会选中我来表示关怀,也从来没想过也许是奶奶曾请求她开导我一下1didntquestionwhyMrs.FlowershadsingledmeoutforattentionnordiditoccurtomethatMom__mighth__easkedhertogivemealittletalkingto.我只关心她曾给我做点心吃,还给我读她最喜欢的书这些足以证明她喜欢我AllIcaredaboutwasthatshehad__deteacookiesformeandreadtomefromherf__oritebook.Itwasenoughtoprovethatshelikedme.奶奶和贝利在店铺里等我Mom__andBaileywerewaitinginsidetheStore.他问“她给了你什么?”他已经看到那些书了,但我把装着他那份点心的纸袋放在怀里,用诗集挡住Hesaid.MywhatdidshegiveyouHehadseenthebooksbutIheldthepapersackwithhiscookiesinmyarmsshieldedbythepoems.奶奶说“小姐,我知道你的举止像位女士Mom__saidSisterIknowyouactedlikealittlelady.Thatdomyheartgoodtoseesettledpeopletaketoyouall.我已经尽最大努力了,上帝知道,但这些天……”她的声音低下来,“快去把衣服换了”ImtryingmybesttheLordknowsbutthesedays…Hervoi__trailedoff.Gooninandchangeyourdress.”Lesson9TheTroublewithTelevision电视的毛病TheTroublewithTelevision要摆脱电视的影响是困难的Itisdifficulttoescapetheinfluen__oftelevision.假如统计的平均数字适用于你的话,那么你到20岁的时候就至少看过2万个小时的电视了,从那以后每生活10年就会增加1万小时Ifyoufitthestatistical__eragesbytheageof20youwillh__ebeenexposedtoatleast20000hoursoftelevision.Youcanadd10000hoursforeachdecadeyouh__elivedaftertheageof
20.笔起看电视,美国人只有在工作和睡眠上花时间更多TheonlythingsAmericansdomorethanwatchtelevisionareworkandsleep.稍微计算一下,使用这些时间的一部分能够做些什么Calculateforamomentwhatcouldbedonewithevenapartofthosehours.听说一个大学生仅用5000小时就可以获得学士学位FivethousandhoursIamtoldarewhatatypicalcollegeundergraduatespendsworkingonabachelorsdegree.在1万个小时内你能学成一个天文学家或工程师,流利掌握几门外语In10000hoursyoucouldh__elearnedenoughtobecomeanastronomerorengineer.Youcouldh__elearnedseverallanguagesfluently.如果你感兴趣的话,你可能读希腊原文的荷马史诗或俄文版的陀思妥耶夫斯基的作品;如果对此不感兴趣,那你可以徒步周游世界,撰写一本游记IfitappealedtoyouyoucouldbereadingHomerintheoriginalGreekorDostoyevskyinRussian.Ifitdidntyoucouldh__ewalkedaroundtheworldandwrittenabookaboutit.电视的毛病在于它分散了人们的注意力Thetroublewithtelevisionisthatitdiscouragescon__ntration.生活中几乎一切有趣的、能给人以满足的事都需要一定的建设性的、持之以恒的努力Almostanythinginterestingandrewardinginliferequiressomeconstructiveconsistentlyappliedeffort.即使是我们中间那些最迟钝、最没有天才的人也能做出一些事来,而这些事使那些从来不在任何事情上专心致志的人感到像是奇迹一般Thedullesttheleastgiftedofuscanachievethingsthatseemmiraculoustothosewhonevercon__ntrateonanything.但电视鼓励我们不做出任何努力,它向我们兜售即时的满足,它给我们提供娱乐,使我们只想娱乐,让时间在毫无痛苦中消磨掉ButTelevisionencouragesustoapplynoeffort.Itsellsusinstantgratification.Itdivertsusonlytodivertto__kethetimepasswithoutpain.电视节目的多样化成了一种麻醉剂而不是促进思考的因素Televisionsvarietybecomesa________norastimulus.它那系列的、多变的画面引着我们跟着它走Itsserialkaleidoscopicexposuresfor__ustofollowitslead.观众无休无止地跟着导游游览参观博物馆30分钟,看大教堂30分钟,喝饮料30分钟,然后上车去下一个参观点,只是电视的特点是时间分配以分秒计算,而所选择的内容却多为车祸和人们的互相残杀Theviewerisonaperpetualguidedtour:30minutesatthemuseum30atthecathedral30foradrinkthenbackonthebustothenextattraction—-ex__ptontelevision.typicallythespansallottedarcontheorderofminutesorsecondsandthechosendelightsaremoreoftencarcrashesandpeoplekillingoneanother.总之许多电视节目取代了人类最可贵的一种才能,即主动集中自己的注意力,而不是被动地奉送注意力Inshortalotoftelevisionusurpsoneofthemostpreciousofallhu__ngiftstheabilitytofocusyourattentionyourselfratherthanjustpassivelysurrenderit.吸引并抓住人们的注意力是大多数电视节目安排的主要目的,它加强了电视是有利可图的__的载体的作用Capturingyourattention—andholdingit—istheprimemotiveofmosttelevisionprogrammingandenhan__sitsroleasaprofitableadvertisingvehicle.节目安排使人生活在无休止的恐惧之中,唯恐抓不住人们的注意力——不管是什么人的注意力都担心Programmersliveinconstantfearoflosinganyonesattention—anyones.避免造成这一局面的最有把握的办法就是使一切节目都保持简短,不要使任何人的注意力过于集中而受到损害,而要通过多样化、新奇性、动作和行动不断地提供__Thesurestwayto__oiddoingsoistokeepeverythingbriefnottostraintheattentionofanyonebutinsteadtoprovideconstantstimulationthroughvarietynoveltyactionandmovement.很简单,电视的运作原则就是迎合观众的注意力跨度短这一特点Quitesimplytelevisionoperatesontheappealtotheshortattentionspan.这只是最简单的解决办法,但它逐渐被看作是电视这一宣传媒体特定的,内在固有的性质,是必须履行的职责,似乎是司令萨尔诺夫或另一个令人敬畏的电视创始人给我们传下了刻有铭文的石碑,命令电视上出现的一切节目均不得使观众需要片刻以上的注意力Itissimplytheeasiestwayout.Butithascometoberegardedasagivenasinherentinthemediumitself;asanimperativeasthoughGeneralSarnofforoneoftheotheraugustpioneersofvideohadbequeathedtoustabletsofstonecom__ndingthatnothingintelevisionshalleverrequiremorethanafewmomentsCon__ntration.要是运用得恰当,这倒也无可厚非Initspla__thatisfine.如此出色地把使人忘却现实的娱乐作为大规模推销工具加以包装,谁又能__这样一种宣传媒介呢?Whocanquarrelwithamediumthatsobrilliantlypackagesescapistentertai__entasa__ss-__rketingtool但是我看到了它的价值现已充斥于____及其生活之中ButIseeitsvaluesnowpervadingthisnationanditslife.认为快速思维和快餐食品一样影响着生活节奏很快、性情急躁的公众,这已成了时髦的看法Ithasbecomefashionabletothinkthatlikefastfoodfastideasarethewaytogettoafast-movingimpatientpublic.在新闻方面,我认为这种做法不能进行很好的交流Inthecaseofnewsthispracti__inmyviewresultsininefficientcommunication.我怀疑电视每晚的新闻节目真正能够被人吸收和理解的有多少Iquestionhowmuchoftelevisionsnightlynewseffortisreallyabsorbableandunderstandable.其中许多被形象地描述为“机关枪不连贯地点射”Muchofitiswhathasbeenaptlydescribedas__chine-gunningwithscraps.我认为这种技术是与连贯性作对的Ithinkthetechniquefightscoheren__.我认为它最终会使事情变得枯燥乏味、无足轻重(除非伴以恐怖的画面),因为任何一件事,如果你对它几乎一无所知,那么它差不多总会是枯燥乏味、使人觉得无足轻重的Ithinkittendsto__kethingsulti__telyboringanddi__issibleunlesstheyareaccompaniedbyhorrifyingpicturesbecausealmostanythingisboringanddi__issibleifyouknowalmostnothingaboutit.我认为,电视迎合观众注意力跨度短的做法不仅会造成交流不畅,而且还会降低文化水平IbelievethatTVsappealtotheshortattentionspanisnotonlyinefficientcommunicationbutdecivilizingaswell.想一想电视要达到的那些极不慎重的原则吧必须避免复杂性,用视觉__来代替思考,语言的精确早已是不合时宜的要求Considerthecasualassumptionsthattelevisiontendstocultivate:thatcomplexitymustbe__oidedthatvisualstimulationisasubstituteforthoughtthatverbalprecisionisananachroni__.它可能已过时,但我所受的教育告诉我思想就是语言,是按准确的语法规则组织起来的It__ybeold-fashionedbutIwastaughtthatthoughtiswordsarrangedingram__ticallyprecise在美国存在着读写能力的危机Thereisacrisisofliteracyinthiscountry.据一项研究估计,约有3000万美国成年人是“功能性文盲”他们的读写能力无法回答招聘__,或读懂药瓶上的说明Onestudyesti__testhatsome30million_____Americansarefunctionallyilliterateandcannotreadorwritewellenoughtoanswerthewantadorunderstandtheinstructionsonamedicinebottle.能读写可能算不上是一项不可剥夺的__,但是我们学识渊博的开国元勋们并不感到它是不合理的或者甚至是达不到的Literacy__ynotbeaninalienablehu__nrightbutitisonethatthehighlyliterateFoundingFathersmightnoth__efoundunreasonableorevenunattainable.从统计数字上看,我们的国家不仅未达到人人能读写的程度,而且离这一目标越来越远Wearenotonlynotattainingitasanationstatisticallyspeakingbutwearefallingfurtherandfurthershortofattainingit.尽管我不会天真到认为电视是造成这一情况的原因,但我却相信它起了一定的作用,是有影响的AndwhiteIwouldnotbesosimplisticastosuggestthattelevisionisthecause1believeitcontributesandisaninfluen__.美国的一切____、家庭组织形式、经济、在世界上的地位,都变得更为复杂,而不是相反Everythingaboutthisnation—thestructureofthesocietyitsformsoffamilyorganizationitseconomyitspla__intheworld—hasbecomemorecomplexnotless.然而其占主导地位的传播媒介,全国__的主要方式,却在人类存在的问题上推销简单的解决方式,而这些问题通常是没有简单的解决方式的Yetitsdominatingcommunicationsinstrumentitsprincipalformofnationallinkageisonethatsellsneatresolutionstohu__nproblemsthatusuallyh__enoneatresolutions.在我的心目中,那30秒钟一个的商业__一位家庭主妇因选对了牙膏而感到幸福的那小小的戏剧性场面就是这一切的象征电视已使这极其成功的艺术形式成为我们文化不可缺少的一个部分了Itisallsymbolizedinmymindbythehugelysuc__ssfulartformthattelevisionhas__de__ntraltotheculturethe30-secondcommercial:thetinydra__oftheearnesthousewifewhofindshappinessinchoosingtherighttoothpaste.在人类历史上,几时曾有这样多的人共同把自己这样多的业余时间奉送给一件玩具,一项大众娱乐?Whenbeforeinhu__nhistoryhassomuchhu__nitycollectivelysurrenderedsomuchofitsleisuretoonetoyone__ssdiversion几时曾有一个国家使自己整个地置于商品推销媒介的摆布之下?Whenbeforehasvirtuallyanentirenationsurrendereditselfwhole-saletoamediumforselling几年前,耶鲁大学的法学教授小查尔斯L布莱克写道“……被喂食本身并不是件琐碎小事”SomeyearsagoYaleUniversitylawprofessorCharlesL.Black.Jr.wrote:...for__dfeedingontrivialfareisnotitselfatrivial__tter-我认为我们这个社会正在强行被喂食Ithinkthissocietyisbeingfor__d-fedwithtrivialfare我担心这一做法对我们的思维习惯,对我们的语言、我们努力的极限度及对复杂情况的兴趣等方面所造成的影响,这一点我们还只是极模糊地意识到andIfearthattheeffectsonourhabitsofmindourlanguageourtoleran__foreffortandourappetiteforcomplexityareonlydimlyper__ived.就算我的看法不对,用怀疑和批判的眼光来分析这个问题,来考虑如何__它,也不会有任何害处IfIamwrongwewillh__edonenoharmtolookattheissueskepticallyandcriticallytoconsiderhowweshouldberesistingit.Ihopeyouwilljoinwithmeindoingso第十个人Lesson10 TheTenth__n就在第二天下午3点(闹钟上的时间),一个军官走进了牢房这是他们几星期以来见到的第一位军官他非常年轻,甚至小胡子的形状也显示出他不够老练,左边的胡子剃得重了点Itwasatthreethenextafternoonalarmclocktimethatanoffi__renteredthe__ll;thefirstoffi__rtheyhadseenforweeks–andthisonewasveryyoungwithinexperien__evenintheshapeofhismustachewhichhehadsh__edtoomuchontheleftside.他就像一个初次登台领奖的小学生一样窘迫不安,他说起话来粗鲁无礼,似乎要显示一种他并不具备的力量Hewasasembarrassedasaschoolboy__kinghisfirstentryonastageataprize-givingandhespokeabruptlysoastogivetheimpressionofastrengthhedidnotpossess.他说道“昨天夜间城里发生了几起谋杀,一名军事长官的副手、一位中士和一个骑自行车的女孩被杀”他又说道“我们不在乎女孩的死法国男人杀__国女人不关我们的事”HesaidThereweremurderslastnightinthetown.Theaide-de-campofthemilitarygovernorasergeantandagirlonabicycle.HeaddedWedontcomplainaboutthegirl.Frenchmenh__eourpermissiontokillFrenchwomen.很明显他事先仔细斟酌了他的讲话,但他的嘲弄做过了头,他的表演也很业余Hehadobviouslythoughtuphisspeechcarefullybeforehandbuttheironywasoverdoneandthedeliverythatofana__teuractor:整个场面就像手势字谜游戏那样矫饰做作thewholes__newasasunrealasacharade.他接着说道“你们知道自己___来这里,你们在这里好吃好喝,过着舒适的日子,而我们的人却在工作和战斗不过现在你们必须付出代价了不要怪我们,要怪你们自己的杀人凶手我的命令是集中营里每十个人要有一个被枪决你们有多少人?”“报数”他厉声喝道人们闷闷不乐地照办了“28,29,30”人们知道不用数他也知道人数,这不过是他玩的把戏中不可省略的一句台词HesaidYouknowwhatyouarehereforlivingcomfortablyonfinerationswhileourmenworkandfight.Wellnowyouvegottopaythehotelbill.Dontblameus.Blameyourownmurderers.Myordersarethatone__nineverytenshallbeshotinthiscamp.How__nyofyouarethereHeshoutedsharplyNumberoffandsullenlytheyobeyed...twenty-eighttwenty-ninethirty.Theyknewheknewwithoutcounting.Thiswasjustalineinhischaradehecouldntsacrifi__.他说道“那么,你们的名额是三个,我们并不关心是哪三个人你们可以自己选择死刑于明天早上7点执行”HesaidYourallotmentthenisthree.Wearequiteindifferentastowhichthree.Youcanchooseforyourselves.Thefuneralriteswillbeginatseventomorrowmorning.”他玩的把戏结束了,人们可以听到他的脚步响亮地敲击着沥青路渐渐远去Thecharadewasover:theycouldhearhisfeetstrikingsharplyontheasphaltgoingaway.查维尔忽然很想知道他打的手势是什么字要他们猜的是不是“夜间”,“姑娘”,“旁边”或“30”不,不是谜底肯定是“__”Ch__elwonderedforamomentwhatsyllablehadbeenacted—nightgirlasideorperhapsthirtybutitwasofcoursethewholeword—hostage.牢房里很长时间没人说话后来一个叫克拉夫的阿尔萨斯人开口道“好了,我们有人自愿吗?”Thesilen__wentonalongtimeandthena__ncalledKroghanAlsatiansaidWelldoweh__etovolunteer“废话”一个职员说道他是一个上了年纪的戴着夹鼻眼镜的老头他接着说道“没人会自愿,我们必须抽签除非有人认为应按年龄决定——最老的先死”Rubbishsaidoneoftheclerksathinelderly__ninpin__-neznobodywillvolunteer.Wemustdrawlots.HeaddedUn-lessitisthoughtthatweshouldgobyages—theoldestfirst.“不,不行”另一个人说道,“那不公平”Nonooneoftheotherssaidthatwouldbeunjust.“这是自然规律”Itsthewayofnature.“那算什么自然规律”又一个人说道,“我有个__,5岁时就死了”Noteventhewayofnatureanothersaid.1hadachildwho___dwhenshewasfive...“我们必须抽签”市长坚定地说Wemustdrawlotsthe__yorsaidfirmly.“只有这样才公正”他坐在那里,双手依然紧贴在肚子上,遮挡着他的怀表,但是整个牢房里都能听见怀表清脆的滴答声Itistheonlyfairthing.”Hesatwithhishandsstillpressedoverhissto__chhidinghiswatchbutallthroughthe__llyoucouldhearitsbluntticklocktick.他接着又说道“由未婚者抽签,已婚者除外,他们有责任”HeaddedOntheun__rried.The__rriedshouldnotbeincluded.Theyh__eresponsibilities…“哈,哈!”皮埃尔说道,“我们明白了___已婚者就应逃脱?他们的事儿已经做完了当然,你结婚了吧?”“Haha”Pierresaid“weseethroughthat.Whyshouldthe__rriedgetoffTheirwork’sfinished.Youofcourseare__rried”“我的妻子不在了”市长说,“我现在是未婚,你呢?”“Ih__elostmywife”the__yorsaid“Iamnot__rriednow.Andyou…”“结了”皮埃尔答道“__rried”Pierresaid.市长开始解下怀表发现皮埃尔处境安全,他似乎更坚信作为怀表的主人自己必定是下一个牺牲者The__yorbegantoundohiswatch;thediscoverythathisrivalwassafeseemedtoconfirmhisbeliefthatastheowneroftimehewasboundtobethenextvictim.他环顾了每一个人,然后选择了查维尔也许是因为只有他穿着西服背心适合戴表链他说道“查维尔先生,我想让你替我拿着怀表,万一……”Helookedfromfa__tofa__andchoseCh__elperhapsbecausehewastheonly__nwithawaistcoatfittotakethechain.Hesaid“MonsieurCh__elIwantyoutoholdthiswatchformeincase…”“你最好找别人吧!”查维尔说,“我还没结婚呢”“you’dbetterchoosesomeoneelse”Ch__elsaid.“Iamnot__rried.”那个老职员又开口了,“我结婚了,我有权说话Theelderlyclerkspokeagain.HesaidIm__rried.Ivegottherighttospeak.我们正把一切引向歧途这不是我们最后一次抽签如果这儿有一个____——那些最终将活着的人,大家想想,牢房里会是什么样子你们其他人很快就会痛恨我们你们害怕,而我们将不再担心”Wearegoingthewrongwayaboutallthis.Everyonemustdrawlots.Thisisntthelastdrawweshallh__eandpicturetoyourselveswhatitwillbelikeinthis__llifweh__eaprivilegedclass—theoneswhoarelefttotheend.Therestofyouwillsoonbegintohateus.Weshallbeleftoutofyourfear...“他说得对”皮埃尔说HesrightPierresaid.市长重新握紧了怀表,说道“就照你们的主意办要是能够这样征税的话……”他做了个绝望的手势The__yorrefastenedhiswatch.H__eityourownwayhesaid.Butifthetaxeswereleviedlikethis…Heg__eagestureofdespair.“我们如何抽签?”克拉夫问道HowdowedrawKroghasked.查维尔答道“最快的办法就是从一只鞋里抽出画有记号的纸条”Ch__elsaidThequickestwaywouldbetodraw__rkedpapersoutofashoe...克拉夫轻蔑地说“那么快干吗?对于我们当中几个人来说这可是最后一次赌博了我们蛮可以享受一番我提议赌抛硬币”KroghsaidcontemptuouslyWhythequickestwayThisisthelastgamblesomeofuswillh__e.We__yaswellenjoyit.Isayacoin.”“这不好”那个职员说,“抛硬币不是一个公平、合理的办法”“Itwon’twork”theclerksaid.“Youcan’tgetaevenchan__withacoin.”“惟一的办法就是抽签”市长说道Theonlywayistodrawthe__yorsaid.职员开始为抽签做准备,为此他牺牲了一封家信Theclerkpreparedthedrawsacrificingforitoneofhislettersfromhome.他很快地看了一遍信,然后把它撕成30张小纸条Hereaditrapidlyforthelasttimeandthentoreitintothirtypie__s.他用铅笔在其中三张上画上十字,然后把每张纸条都叠上Onthreepie__she__deacrossinpencilandthenfoldedeachpie__.他接着说“克拉夫的鞋最大”大家把纸条放在地下搅乱,然后装进了鞋子里Kroghsgotthebiggestshoehesaid.Theyshuffledthepie__sonthefloorandthendroppedthemintotheshoe.“我们按姓氏的字母顺序抽签”市长说Welldrawinalphabeticalorderthe__yorsaid.“从Z开始抽”查维尔说道他的安全感开始动摇了他急切想喝点什么,用手指从嘴唇上撕下一小块干皮ZfirstCh__elsaid.Hisfeelingofsecuritywasshaken.Hewantedadrinkbadly.Hepickedatadrypie__ofskinonhislip.“就按你说的办”卡车司机说道,“有人排在维尔森前面吗?我先抽”Asyouwishthelorrydriversaid.AnybodybeatVoisinHeregoes.他用手在鞋子里小心地掏,就像是要掏到他心里想要的那张“Hethrusthishandintotheshoeand__decarefulexc__ationsasthoughhehadoneparticularscrapofpaperinmind.他抽出一张,打开,怔怔地看着,然后说了声“完了”他坐下来,摸出一支香烟放到嘴里,却忘了点火Hedrewoneoutopeneditandgazedatitwithastonishment.HesaidThisisit.”Hesatdownandfeltforacigarettebutwhenhegotitbetweenhislipsheforgottolightit.查维尔心中充满了巨大而又令他感到羞耻的快乐Ch__elwasfilledwithahugeandshamefuljoy.看来自己得救了剩下__九个人抽签,而只有两张带有记号的纸条Itseemedtohimthatalreadyhewass__ed—twenty-ninementodrawandonlytwo__rkedpapersleft.抽中死签的可能性突然变得对他有利,从10比1变成了14比1经营蔬菜水果的商人也抽了一张,然后漫不经心、毫无表情地示意自己平安无事Thechan__shadsuddenlygrowninhisf__orfromtentooneto—fourteentoone:thegreengro__rhaddrawnaslipandindicatedcarelesslyandwithoutpleasurethathewassafe.的确,从抽第一张签时人们就忌讳任何喜形于色的表现,一个人不能以任何宽慰的举动去嘲弄注定要死的人Indeedfromthefirstdrawany__rkofpleasurewastaboo:onecouldntmockthecondemned__nbyanysignofrelief.查维尔胸中有一种隐隐约约的不安——还不是恐惧,像是一种压抑感Againadulldisquiet—iicouldntyetbedescribedasafear—exendeditsempireoverCh__elschest.当第六个人抽到空白纸条时,他发现自己在打哈欠;当第十个人——就是大家称作雅维耶的那个人抽完签后,他的心中又充满了某中怨愤的情绪现在抽中死签的机会同开始时一样了Itwaslikeaconstriction:hefoundhimselfyawningasthesixth__ndrewablankslipandasenseofgrievan__naggedathismindwhenthetenth__nbaddrawn—itwastheonetheycalledJanvier—andthechan__swereon__againthesameaswhenthedrawstarted.有的人抽出他们手指碰到的第一张纸条;有的人似乎怀疑命运企图将某一张纸条强加于他们,所以他们刚刚从鞋里抽出一张,就又扔回去,再另换一张Somemendrewthefirstslipwhichtouchedtheirfingers;othersseemedtosuspectthatfatewastryingtofor__onthemaparticularslipandwhentheybaddrawnonealittlewayfromtheshoewouldletitdropagainandchooseanother.时间过得很慢,令人难以置信那个叫做维尔森的人靠墙坐着,嘴里叼着仍未点燃的香烟,对一切都不再在意Timepassedwithincredibleslownessandthe__ncalledVoisinsatagainstthewallwiththeunlightedcigaretteinhismouthpayingthemnoattentionatall.就在生存的机会逐渐变小,抽中死签的可能性达到八分之一时,一个叫做勒诺特的上年纪的职员抽中了第二张死签Thechan__shadnarrowedtooneineightwhentheelderlyclerk—hisnamewasLenotre—drewthesecondslip.他清了清喉咙,戴上夹鼻眼镜,好像要确认自己没有看错“喂,维尔森先生,我能加入吗?”他带着淡淡的微笑说道Heclearedhisthroatandputonhispin__-nezasthoughhehadto__kesurehewasnotmistaken.AhMonsieurVoisinhesaidwithathinundecided__ile__yIjoinyou令人难以琢磨的机会再次以绝对对查维尔有利的优势朝他走来,抽中死签的可能性只有十五分之一,可他这次却没有丝毫欣慰,他被普通百姓所具有的勇气所震撼,他想让这一切尽快结束,就像一副扑克玩得太久了,他只希望有人离开牌桌,结束牌局ThistimeCh__elfeltnojoyeventhoughtheelusiveoddswerebackagainoverwhelminglyinhisf__oratfifteentoone;hewasdauntedbythecourageofcommonmen.Hewantedthewholethingtobeoverasquicklyaspossible:likeagameofcardswhichhasgoneontoolongheonlywantedsomeoneto__keamoveandbreakupthetable.勒诺特在维尔森身边靠墙坐下,他翻过纸条,背面是信中的一点内容,“是你妻子的?”维尔森问道“是我__的”勒诺特答道,“请原谅”他起身走到自己的铺盖处,抽出一本便笺,回到维尔森身边开始写起来他不慌不忙,认认真真地写下一串纤细而清晰的字迹.LenotresittingdownagainstthewallnexttoVoisinturnedtheslipover:onthebackwasascrapofwriting.Your-wifeVoisinsaid.MydaughterLenotresaid.Excuseme.Hewentovertohisrollofbeddinganddrewoutawritingpad.ThenhesatdownnexttoVoisinandbegantowritecarefullywithouthurryathinlegiblehand.这时中死签的概率又回到了10比1Theoddswerebacktotentoone.从那时起,对查维尔来说,抽中死签的可能性似乎以一种不可避免的可怕趋势发生着变化FromthatpointtheoddsseemedtomovetowardCh__elwithadreadfulinevitability:9比1,8比1,抽中死签的可能性好像指向了他ninetooneeighttoone;theywerelikeapointingfinger.剩下的人抽得越来越快,越来越随便Themenwhowereleftdrewmorequicklyandmorecarelessly:在查维尔看来,他们似乎都知道了某种秘密,知道他会抽到死签theyseemedtoCh__eltoh__esomeinnerinfor__tion—toknowthathewastheone.轮到他抽签时,只剩下了3张纸,留给他的机会这么少,在他看来真是不公平WhenhistimecametodrawtherewereonlythreeslipsleftanditappearedtoCh__elamonstrousinjusti__thatthereweresofewchoi__sleftforhim.他从鞋中抽出一张,接着又认定这是同伴的意志强加给他的,一定有十字于是他把它放回去,另抽了一张Hedrewoneoutoftheshoeandthenfeeling__rtainthatthisonehadbeenwilledonhimbyhiscompanionsandcontainedthepenciledcrosshethrewitbackandsnatchedanother.“律师,你偷看了”剩下的两个人中有一个大声说道,但另一个让他安静下来Youlookedlawyeroneofthetwomenexclaimedbuttheotherquietedhim.“他没有偷看,他抽到的是有记号的”Hedidntlook.Hesgotthe__rkedonenow.“不,不”查维尔把纸条扔到地上,开始大叫“我从来就没有同意,你们不能让我替别人__”NoCh__elsaidno.HethrewtheslipuponthegroundandcriedIneverconsentedtothedraw.Youcant__keme___fortherestofyou...大家惊讶地看着他,但并没有敌意Theywatchedhimwithastonishmentbutwithoute__ity.他是一个出身高贵的人人们没有用自己的标准去衡量他,因为他属于一个别人难以理解的阶层人们甚至没有把他的行为与胆怯__起来Hewasagentle__n.Theydidntjudgehimbytheirownstandards:hebelongedtoanunaccountableclassandtheydidntatfirstevenattachtheideaofcowardi__tohisactions.“听我说,”查维尔一边哀求,一边举起那张纸条大家既惊奇又好奇地看着他“谁接受这张纸条,我就给他10万法郎”ListenCh__elimploredthem.Heheldouttheslipofpaperandtheyallwatchedhimwithcompassionatecuriosity.Illgiveahundredthousandfrancstoanyonewholltakethis.他快速__着小步地从一个人面前走到另一个人面前,朝每一个人展示那张小纸条,好像是拍卖会上的服务员Hetooklittlerapidstepsfromone__ntoanothershowingeach__nthebitofpaperasifhewereanattendantatanauction.“10万法郎”他恳求道人们感到震惊,同样又感到一丝怜悯他是他们之中惟一的有钱人,这是与众不同之处Ahundredthousandfrancsheimploredandtheywatchedhimwithakindofshockedpity:hewastheonlyrich__namongthemandthiswasauniquesituation.人们无法去比较,只能认定这就是他那个阶层的特点,这犹如一个在异国港口下船就餐的旅游者能从一个碰巧与他同桌的狡猾商人身上总结出该国的国民性格Theyhadnomeansofcomparisonandassumedthatthiswasacharacteristicofhisclassjustasatr__elersteppingoffthelinerataforeignportforluncheonsumsupanationscharacterforeverinthewilybusines__anwhohappenstosharethetablewithhim.谈睡眠Lesson11 OnGettingofftoSleep人真是充满矛盾啊!毫无疑问,幽默是惟一帮助我们摆脱矛盾的办法,要是没有它,我们就会死于烦恼Whatabundleofcontradictionsisa__n!Suretyhumouristhes__inggra__ofusforwithoutitweshould___ofvexation.在我看来,没有什么比睡眠更能说明事物间的矛盾Withmenothingillustratesthecontrarinessofthingsbetterthanthe__tterofsleep.比如,我打算写一篇文章,面前放好了笔、墨和几张白纸,准保没写几个字我就会困得要命,无论当时是几点都会那样Ifforexamplemyintentionistowriteanessayand1h__ebeforemeinkandpensandseveralsheetsofvirginpaperyou__ydependuponitthatbeforeIh__egoneveryfarIfeelanoverpoweringdesireforsleepno__tterwhattimeofthedayitis.我瞪着那似乎在谴责我的白纸,直到眼前一片模糊,声音也难以辨清,只有靠意志力才能勉强坚持IstareatthereproachfullyblankpaperuntilsightsandsoundsbecomedimandconfusedanditisonlybyaneffortofwillthatIcancontinueatall.即使这时,我也会迷迷糊糊地像在做梦一样继续坚持工作EventhenIpro__edhalf-heartedlyinakindofdream.但是当深夜躺在床上,我什么事都能干,只有睡觉无法做到ButletmebebetweenthesheetsatalatehourandIcandoany-thingbutsleep.随着时钟一遍一遍的报时,我可以完成大量的文章BetweenchimeandchimeoftheclockIcanwriteessaysbythescore.极有吸引力的主题和崇高的思想纷纷出现在脑海,随之而来的还有恰如其分的意象和措辞Fascinatingsu__ectsandnobleideascomepell-melleachwithitsappropriatei__geryandexpression.除了笔、墨和纸,什么也不能阻止我写出半打不朽的杰作Nothingstandsbetweenmeandhalf-a-dozenimperishable__sterpie__sbutpensinkandpaper.如果,我们的思想和主观意象对于来世的人来说真的就像我们的书本和__一样是有形的、摸得着的,那么我在来世会比在今生获得更高的声誉Ifitbetruethatourthoughtsandmentali__gesareperfectlytangiblethingslikeourbooksandpicturestotheinhabitantsofthenextworldthenIam__kingformyselfabetterreputationtherethanIaminthispla__.只要我躺在床上有一两个小时睡不着觉,我就能令自己满意地解决人类一切的疑虑GivemearestlesshourortwoinbedandIcansolvetomyownsatisfactionallthedoubtsofhu__nity.如果我有兴致的话,我可以谱写出宏伟的交响乐,描绘出壮丽的画卷WhenIaminthehumourIcancomposegrandsymphoniesandpaint__gnifi__ntpictures.我就是莎士比亚、贝多芬和米开朗基罗但这一切仍无法令我满意,因为我还是无法入睡Iamaton__ShakespeareBeethovenandMichaelAngelo;yetitgivesmenosatisfaction;fortheonethingIcannotdoistogotosleep.一旦到了上床睡觉时间,五个摄取知识的港口就要关闭的时候,我认识的大多数人似乎都能很容易就忘却了他们在尘世的作用,很快进入梦乡,而我却不能On__inbedwhenitistimetoclosethefiveportsofknowledgemostfolksIknowseemtofindnodifficultyinplungingtheirearthlypartsintooblivion.对我来说,睡眼就像一个忸怩羞怯的情妇,喜欢反复无常地挑逗男人,让男人不停地向她求爱——“惟恐让男人得的太容易而显得自己身价太低”Itisnotsowithmetowhomsleepisacoymistressmuchgiventoateasinginconsistencyandforeverde__ndingtobewooed—lesttoolightwinning__ketheprizelight.我曾诧异地读过一些大肆吹捧那些好战的超人、世界和平的巨大威胁者,诸如克伦威尔、拿破仑之类的文章,文章里说他们“钢铁般的意志”使他们一躺下就能熟睡,并在某一特定时间醒来,精神抖擞Iusedtoreadwithwonderthosesycophanticstoriesofthewarlikesupermenthegreattroublersoftheworldspea__CromwellNapoleonandthelikewhothankstotheirironwillscouldliedownandplungethemselvesimmediatelyintodeepsleeptowakeuprefreshedatagiventime.这些故事给了我很大的震动,我决心像他们那样做于是上床后,我就紧咬牙关,在黑暗中尽可能显得意志坚定,命令睡眠立刻到来TakingthesefablestoheartIwouldresolvetodolikewiseandgoingtobedwouldclenchmyteethlookasdeterminedaspossibleinthedarknessandcom__ndtheimmediatepresen__ofsleep.但是,天哪!高度集中的精力让我比任何时候都清醒,我不得不在折磨人的失眠中捱过几个钟头Butalas!Theveryactofcon__ntrationseemedto__kememorewakefulthaneverandIwouldpasshoursintormentingsleeplessness.我忽略了拥有“钢铁般意志”的必要性,我自己的意志力中很少或干脆没有这种特殊的金属性质Ihadoverlookedthene__ssityofh__inganironwillmyownpowersofwillh__inglittleornoneofthispeculiarmetallicquality.但是同这些具有钢铁般意志的人生活在一起会是多么不舒服啊!Buthowuncomfortableitmusth__ebeenlivingwiththeseironwilledfolks!谁愿意劝告他们,与他们争辩呢?Whowouldwanttoremonstrateandarguewiththem那还不如用大铁锤打铁砧Itwouldbeworsethanbeatingananvilwithasledgehammer.我承认我一直怀疑那些夸耀自己一上床就能睡着的人——那些“头一沾枕头就睡着”的家伙们ImustconfessthatIalwayssuspectthemenwhoboastthattheyunvaryinglyfallasleepassoonastheygetintobed—thoseassoonasmyheadtouchesthepillowfellows.我觉得这种习惯中有某种不近人情的、冷酷的、麻木的东西Tomethereissomethinginhu__nsomethingcallousandalmostbovineinthepracti__.我对这种人对较高级事物的鉴赏力表示怀疑Isuspecttheirtasteinhigher__tters.抛开钢铁般意志不谈,那种把他清醒时的感觉及思想随同衣服抛在一边,并完全无视那些有时会从十年前隐藏的记忆中跳出来回忆和幻想的人,一定缺乏人类的同情心和造诣深度Ironwillsaparttheremustbealackofhu__nsympathyordepthina__nwhocanthusthrowoffwithhisclotheshiswakingfeelingsandthoughtsandignorecompletelythosememoriesandfancieswhich...willsometimesleapFromhiding-pla__stenyearsdeep.与这种人同住一室会使人对人性丧失信心,因为即使是最重要的一天,同这种人也无法沟通交流,也没有什么午夜的密谈,更没有一同商议一天的痛苦和快乐究竟有多少Toshareabedroomwithoneofthesefellowsistoloseonesfaithinhu__nnatureforevenafterthemosteventfuldaythereisnocomparingnoteswiththemnomidnightconfiden__nocastingupthebalan__ofthedayspleasureandpain.他们很快就进入了愚蠢的熟睡中,留下你一人在心里折腾,而且他们还都鼾声如雷,十分讨厌Theysinkaton__intostupidhe__yslumberle__ingyoutoyourownmentaldevi__s.Andtheyallsnoreabominably!人工催眠的方法多不胜举,惟一的相同之处就是都不管用Theartificialwaysofinducingsleeparelegionandareonlyalikeintheirineffectuality在《拉文格罗》(或者是《吉卜赛男人》)一书中有一个无可救药的人,患有失眠症,他发现华尔华斯的一卷诗集是惟一有效的催眠剂,但那只不过是伯罗的恶作剧而已InL__engroorisitRo__nyRyethereisanimpossiblecharacteravictimofinsomniawhofindsthatavolumeofWordsworthspoemsistheonlysuresoporific;butthatwasBorrows__li__.那个有名的数跳过篱笆墙台阶的山羊的老办法对我从来都不起作用Thefamousoldplanofcountingsheepjumpingoverastilehasneverservedmyturn.我在想像中牧羊,一直想到它们不知怎地都变成了白熊和蓝猪我倒想看看哪个有理智的人能在赶着一群天蓝色的猪的时候进入梦乡Ih__eherdedi__ginarysheepuntiltheyinsistedonturningthemselvesintowhitebearsorbluepigsandIdefyanyreasonable__ntofallasleepwhilemusteringaherdof__ruleanswine.前不久,我和一位老朋友谈到这个问题,她给了我一个治失眠的特别好用的方子,就是她想像自己一遍一遍地重复一些琐碎事,直到她对生活的单调感到厌烦而进入梦乡Discussingthequestionsometimesagowithanoldfriendsheg__emehernever-failingremedyforsleeplessnesswhichwastoi__gineherselfperformingsometrivialactionoverandoveragainuntilhermindbecomingdisgustedwiththemonotonyoflifesleepdrewthecurtain.她最喜欢的方法就是想像墙上的一幅画没有挂正,然后着手将它摆正Herf__ouritedevi__wastoi__gineapicturenothangingquiteplumbuponthewallandthentopro__edtostraightenit.我尝试了这种方法——尽管把画挂正并不是我的习惯——但毫无效果ThisItried—thoughputtingpicturesstraightisnohabitofmine—butitwasofno__ail.我可以毫不困难地想像出墙上有一幅画,也可以很熟练地__几下,但这么一来我想到了一般的画,然后我又想到了我和朋友T君一块参加的画展,他说了什么,我又说了什么,接着我又想到了T君最近过得如何,他的__是否还在上学Ii__ginedthepictureonthewallwithoutdifficultyandg__eitafewdefttouchesbutthissetmethinkingofpicturesingeneralandthenIrememberedanartexhibitionIhadattendedwithmyfriendT.andwhathesaidandwhatIsaidandIwonderedhowT.wasfaringthesedaysandwhetherhissonwasstillatschool.如此继续下去,直到我发现自己沉浸在奶酪、招魂术和落基山脉的遐想之中——但仍没有睡意!AndsoitwentonuntilIfoundmyselfmeditatingoncheeseorspirituali__ortheRockyMountains—butnosleep!然后又想像到在《解放的普罗米修斯》中描述的那个地狱边缘的某个地方,那个充满了人类梦想和愉快想像的模糊地带,有着阴沉可怕的幽灵,一幅画歪挂在鬼影般的墙上SomewhereinthatlimbowhichEarthdescribesinPrometheusUnboundthatvagueregionfilledwithDreamsandthelighti__giningsofmenisthedrearyphantomofanunstraightenedpictureuponaghostlywall.就让它呆在那里吧,因为我再也用不着它了AndthereitshallstayforIh__enofurtheruseforit.但我对能找到某种加速睡眠的方法没有完全放弃希望,还看到了一线希望重读兰姆的书信集时(这不是第一次,但愿也不是最后一次),在他写给骚塞的便条中,我看到了下面这段话“在我办公室里有一位H先生,他从早到晚不停地写啊说啊,但总也超不出肉体和物质现实那一套!当我晚上睡不着时,我就想像着和H先生就一假设的题目进行对话,在幻想中一直和他无聊地扯下去,直到我大笑或是睡着为止,我发现这方法很灵验……”ButIh__enotyetgivenupallhopeoffindingsomewayofhasteningtheapproachofsleep.Evenyetthereisaglimmerforre-readingnotforthefirstandpleaseHe__en!notthelasttimeLambslettersIcameuponthefollowinginanotetoSouthey;Butthereisa__ninmyoffi__aMr.H.whoprosesitawayfrommorninglonightandnevergetsbeyondcorporaland__terialverities!...这方法可能行得通,我们都认识一些H先生式的人,他们的谈话毫无想像力,又缺乏智慧,听了就像服了__一样今天晚上我将不再进行诸如数跳篱笆的山羊和摆正挂歪了的画之类的毫无价值的想像,而去召唤一个极度无聊、乏味的家伙来对话WhenIcantsleeponightsIi__gineadialoguewithMr.H.uponagivensu__ectandgoprosingoninfancywithhimnilIeitherlaughorfallasleep.Ih__eliterallyfounditanswer...“Thereispromiseinthisandweallh__eourMr.H.whosetalkbareofanythinglikefancyandwitactsuponuslikeadoseoflau-danum.ThisverynightIwilldi__isssuchtrivialphantasiesasjumpingsheepandcrookedpicturesandevokethephantomofacrushingstupendousBore.____写作Lesson12:WhyIWrite从很小的时候,大概
五、六岁,我知道长大以后将成为一个作家FromaveryearlyageperhapstheageoffiveorsixIknewthatwhenIgrewupIshouldbeawriter.从17到24岁的这段时间里,我试图打消这个念头,可总觉得这样做是在戕害我的天性,认为我迟早会坐下来伏案著书Betweentheagesofaboutseventeenandtwenty-fourItriedtoadandonthisideabutIdidsowiththeconsciousnessthatIwasoutragingmytruenatureandthatsoonerorlaterIshouldh__etosettledownandwritebooks.三个孩子中,我是老二老大和老三与我相隔五岁8岁以前,我很少见到我爸爸由于这个以及其他一些缘故,我的性格有些孤僻我的举止言谈逐渐变得很不讨人喜欢,这使我在上学期间几乎没有什么朋友IwasthemiddlechildofthreebuttherewasagapoffiveyearsoneithersideandIbarelysawmyfatherbeforeIwaseight-ForthisandotherreasonsIwassomewhatlonelyandIsoondevelopeddisagreeable__nneri__swhich__demeunpopularthroughoutmyschooldays.我像一般孤僻的孩子一样,喜欢凭空编造各种故事,和想像的人谈话我觉得,从一开始,我的文学志向就与一种孤独寂寞、被人冷落的感觉__在一起我知道我有驾驭语言的才能和直面令人不快的现实的能力这一切似乎造就了一个私人的天地,在此天地中我能挽回我在日常生活中的不得意Ihadthelonelychildshabitof__kingupstoriesandholdingconversationswithi__ginarypersonsandIthinkfromtheverystartmyliteraryambitionsweremixedupwiththefeelingofbeingisolatedandundervalued.我知道我有驾驭语言的才能和直面令人不快的现实的能力这一切似乎造就了一个私人的天地,在此天地中我能挽回我在日常生活中的不得意IknewthatIhadafacilitywithwordsandapoweroffacingunpleasantfactsandIfeltthatthiscreatedasortofprivateworldinwhichIcouldgetmyownbackformyfailure还是一个小孩子的时候,我就总爱把自己想像成惊险传奇中的主人公,例如罗宾汉但不久,我的故事不再是粗糙简单的自我欣赏了它开始趋向描写我的行动和我所见所闻的人和事..Asavery__allchildIusedtoi__ginethatIwassayRobinHoodandpicturemyselfastheheroofthrillingadventuresbutquitesoonmystory__asedtobenarcissisticinacrudewayandbecamemoreandmoreameredescriptionofwhatIwasdoingandthethingsIsaw.一连几分钟,我脑子里常会有类似这样的描述“他推开门,走进屋,一缕黄昏的阳光,透过薄纱窗帘,斜照在桌上桌上有一个火柴盒,半开着,在墨水瓶旁边,他右手插在兜里,朝窗户走去街心处一只龟甲猫正在追逐着一片败叶”等等,等等Forminutesatatimethiskindofthingwouldberunningthroughmyhead:Hepushedthedooropenandenteredtheroom.Ayellowbeamofsunlightfilteringthroughthemuslincurtainsslantedontothetablewherea__tchboxhalfopenlaybesidetheinkpot.Withhisrighthandinhispockethemovedacrosstothewindow.Downinthestreetatortoiseshellcatwaschasingadeadleafetc.etc.我在差不多25岁真正从事文学创作之前,一直保持着这种描述习惯虽然我必须搜寻,而且也的确在寻觅恰如其分的字眼可这种描述似乎是不由自主的,是迫于一种外界的压力ThishabitcontinuedtillIwasabouttwenty-fiverightthroughmynon-literaryyears.AlthoughIhadtosearchanddidsearchfortherightwordsIseemedtobe__kingthisdescriptiveeffortalmostagainstmywillunderakindofcompulsionfromoutside.我在不同时期崇仰风格各异的作家我想,从这些“故事”一定能看出这些作家的文笔风格的痕迹但是我记得,这些描述又总是一样地细致入微,纤毫毕现ThestorymustIsupposeh__ereflectedthestylesofthevariouswritersIadmiredatdifferentagesbutsofarasIrememberitalwayshadthesamemeticulousdescriptivequality.16岁那年,我突然发现词语本身即词的音响和词的连缀就能给人以愉悦《失乐园》中有这样一段诗行 他负载着困难和辛劳 挺进着负着困难辛劳的他——WhenIwasaboutsixteenIsuddenlydiscoveredthejoyofmerewordsie.thesoundsandassociationsofwords.ThelinesfromParadiseLost—SoheewithdifficultyandlabourhardMovedon:withdifficultyandlabourhee现在看来这并没有什么了不得,可当时却使我心灵震颤而用hee的拼写代替he,更增加了愉悦whichdonotnowseemtomesoverywonderfulsentshiversdownmybackbone;andthespellingheeforhewasanaddedpleasure.至于写景物的必要,我那时已深有领悟如果说当时我有志著书的话,我会写什么样的书是显而易见的AsfortheneedtodescribethingsIknewallaboutitalready.SoitisclearwhatkindofbooksIwantedtowriteinsofarasIcouldbesaidtowanttowritebooksatthattime.我想写大部头的自然主义小说,以悲剧结局,充满细致的描写和惊人的比喻,而且不乏文才斐然的段落,字词的使用部分要求其音响效果Iwantedtowriteenormousnaturalisticnovelswithunhappyendingsfullofdetaileddescriptionsandarrestingsimilesandalsofullofpurplepassagesinwhichwordswereusedpartlyforthesakeoftheirsound.事实上,我的第一部小说,《__岁月》就属于这一类书,那是我早已构思但30岁时才写成的作品AndinfactmyfirstcompletednovelBurmeseDayswhichIwrotewhenIwasthirtybutprojectedmuchearlierisratherthatkindofbook.我介绍这些背景情况是因为我认为要判定一个作家的写作动机,就得对其早年的经历有所了解Igiveallthisbackgroundinfor__tionbecauseIdonotthinkonecanassessawritersmotiveswithoutknowingsomethingofhisearlydevelopment.作家的题材总是由他所处的时代决定的,至少在我们这个动荡不安的时代是如此但他在提笔著文之前,总会养成一种在后来的创作中永远不能彻底磨灭的情感倾向Hissu__ect__tterwillbedeterminedbytheagehelivesin—atleastthisistrueintumultuousrevolutionaryageslikeourown—butbeforeheeverbeginstowritehewillh__eacquiredanemotionalattitudefromwhichhewillnevercompletelyescape.毫无疑问,作家有责任控制自己的禀性,使之不至于沉溺于那种幼稚的阶段,或陷于违反常理的心境中但如果他从早年的熏染和志趣中脱胎换骨,他就会虐杀自己的写作热情Itishisjobnodoubttodisciplinehistemperamentand__oidgettingstuckatsomeim__turestageorinsomeperversemood:butifheescapesfromhisearlyinfluen__saltogetherhewillh__ekilledhisimpulsetowrite.除去以写作为谋生之计不谈,我认为写作有四种动机,至少小说和散文写作是如此PuttingasidetheneedtoearnalivingIthinktherearefourgreatmotivesforwritingatanyrateforwritingprose.这四种动机或多或少地存在于每个作家身上,在某一个作家身上,它们会因时代的不同和生活环境的不同而变化它们是Theyexistindifferentdegreesineverywriterandinanyonewritertheproportionswillvaryfromtimetotimeaccordingtotheatmosphereinwhichheisliving.Theyare:
一、纯粹的自我主义想显示自己的聪明;想成为人们的议论中心;想身后留名;想报复那些小时候压制、指责过自己的成年人等等不承认这是动机,是一种强烈的动机,完全是自欺欺人1Sheeregoi__.Desiretoseemclevertobetalkedabouttoberememberedafterdeathtogetyourownbackongrown-upswhosnubbedyouinchildhoodetc.etc.Itishumbugtopretendthatthisisnotamotiveandastrongone...
二、对美的狂热能感觉身外世界的美,或者词语及其妙语连珠的美对一个读音作用于另一个读音的音响效果,对充实缜密的行文或一篇小说的结构,感到乐趣无穷,赏心悦目有心与人们__一种认为有价值、不应忽略的经历2Aestheticenthusia__.Per__ptionofbeautyintheexternalworldorontheotherhandinwordsandtheirrightarrangement.Pleasureintheimpactofonesoundonanotherinthefirmnessofgoodproseortherhythmofagoodstory.Desiretoshareanexperien__whichonefeelsisvaluableandoughtnottobemissed…
三、历史感有志按事物的原貌来观察理解事物;有心寻找确凿的事实,收集储存以飨后人3Historicalimpulse.Desiretoseethingsastheyaretofindouttruefactsandstorethemupfortheuseofposterity.
四、__上的目的这里指的是最广泛意义的__有志推动世界向某个方向前进;改造人们的观念,劝勉人们追求某种理想社会就像美感因素一样,没有一本书能真正消除__倾向那种认为艺术与__不相干的论点本身就是一种__态度4Politicalpurpose—usingthewordpoliticalinthewidestpossiblesense.Desiretopushtheworldina__rtaindirectiontoaterotherpeoplesideaofthekindofsocietythattheyshouldstriveafter.On__againnobookisgenuinelyfreefrompoliticalbias.Theopinionthatartshouldh__enothingtodowithpoliticsisitselfapoliticalattitude.可以看出,这些不同的动机会互相抵触,会因人因时发生变化Itcanbeseenhowthesevariousimpulsesmustwaragainstoneanotherandhowtheymustfluctuatefrompersontopersonandfromtimetotime.由于我的天性——“天性”这里指刚成年时的状态,在我身上前三种动机远远超过第四种Bynature—takingyournaturetobethestateyouh__eattainedwhenyouarefirst_____—Iamapersoninwhomthefirstthreemotiveswouldoutweighthefourth.在和平年代,我或许会写些词藻华美或专写事物写景的书,几乎意识不到我__上的取舍Inapea__fulage!mighth__ewrittenornateormerelydescriptivebooksandmighth__ere__inedalmostunawareofmypoliticalloyalties.可结果我却不得不成了一个写小册子的作家AsitisIh__ebeenfor__dintobecomingasortofpamphleteer.最初,我在一个很不合适的职业中度过了5年,那是在__的印度帝国__署随后,我经历了贫困,体会到穷困窘迫是何滋味这使我对权势的本能的嫉妒变得更强烈,我开始意识到劳动阶级的存在,__的职业使我对____的本质有所了解,但这一切并不足以赋予我明确的__倾向FirstIspentfiveyearsinanunsuitableprofessiontheIndianImperialPoli__inBur__andthenIunderwentpovertyandthesenseoffailure.Thisincreasedmynaturalhatredofauthorityand__demeforthefirsttimefullyawareoftheexisten__oftheworkingclassesandthejobinBur__hadgivenmesomeunderstandingofthenatureofimperiali__;buttheseexperien__swerenotenoughtogivemeanaccuratepoliticalorientation.接着___出现了,西班牙战争爆发了,各种__频频发生ThencameHitlertheSpanishCivilWaretc.到1935年底,我仍没有能决定何去何从西班牙内战以及1936至1937年之间的其他__扭转了这种状况,从此我认准了我的立场Bytheendof1935Ihadstillfailedtoreachafirmdecision.TheSpanishwarandothereventsin1936-1937turnedthescaleandthereafterIknowwhereIstood.1936年以来,我的严肃作品中的每一行都是为间接或直接地______,拥护我所理解的______而写的EverylineofseriousworkthatIh__ewrittensin__1936hasbeenwrittendirectlyorindirectlyagainsttotalitariani__andfordemocraticsociali__asIunderstandit.认为在我们这样的年代,作家可以回避这种题材,在我看来是无稽之谈Itseemstomenonsenseinaperiodlikeourowntothinkthatonecan__oidwritingofsuchsu__ects.每个人都以这样那样的方式写这个题材Everyonewritesoftheminoneguiseoranother.这其实就是站在哪一边,取什么态度的问题Itissimplyaquestionofwhichsideonetakesandwhatapproachonefollows.一个人越是意识到自己的__态度,他越是有可能按__行事而又不牺牲自己在美感和心智方面的追求Andthemoreoneisconsciousofonespoliticalbiasthemorechan__onehasofactingpoliticallywithoutsacrificingonesaestheticandin____ectualintegrity.在过去的十年中,我最大的愿望是把__色彩的写作变成艺术创造WhatIh__emostwantedtodothroughoutthepasttenyearsisto__kepoliticalwritingintoanart.我的出发点总是一种党派意识,一种对非正义的敏感Mystartingpointisalwaysafeelingofpartisanshipasenseofinjusti__.我坐下来写书时,不会自语道“现在我要创造一个艺术作品了”WhenIsitdowntowriteabookIdonotsaytomyselfIamgoingtoprodu__aworkofart.写作是为了揭发某种谎言,为了让人们重视某些事实我的初衷总是向读者披露心声,赢得听众IwriteitbecausethereissomeliethatIwanttoexposesomefacttowhichIwanttodrawattentionandmyinitialcon__rnistogetahearing.然而,写作必须同时又是一种美感经验否则,我就无法完成著书的工作,甚至连一篇长篇的报刊文章都写不成ButIcouldnotdotheworkofwritingabookorevenalong__gazinearticleifitwerenotalsoanaestheticexperien__.任何一位有心细读我的作品的读者都会发现,即使作品是直截了当的宣传鼓励,也包含着许多职业政客视为节外生枝的点缀Anyonewhocarestoexaminemyworkwillseethatevenwhenitisdownrightpropagandaitcontainsmuchthatafull-timepoliticianwouldconsiderirrelevant.我不能,也不愿意完全放弃我在童年时养成的世界观IamnotableandIdonotwantcompletelytoabandontheworld-viewthatIacquiredinchildhood.只要我还活着,我仍会继续讲究文笔风格,热爱大地的山川胜景,对琐细的物品和无用的传闻感到欣悦SolongasIre__inaliveandwellIshallcontinuetofeelstronglyaboutprosestyletolovethesu_____oftheearthandtotakeapleasureinsolido__ectsandscrapsofuselessinfor__tion.要抑制我这方面的本能是无济于事的我的任务是把个人根深蒂固的好恶与时代强加于我们大家的__活动协调起来Itisnousetryingtosuppressthatsideofmyself.Thejobistoreconcilemyingrainedlikesanddislikeswiththeessentiallypublicnon-individualactivitiesthatthisagefor__sonallofus.这并不容易这会产生构思及语言的问题而真实性也以新的方式出现了疑问Itisnoteasy.Itraisesproblemsofconstructionandoflanguageanditraisesinanewwaytheproblemoftruthfulness...这个问题以各种各样的形态出现Inoneformoranotherthisproblemcomesupagain.语言则是个更微妙的问题,得花费很大的工夫讨论Theproblemoflanguageissubtlerandwouldtaketoolongtodiscuss.这里我只能说,近几年来,我竭力减少生动形象的描写,尽量写得更谨严简练IwillonlysaythatoflateyearsIh__etriedtowritelesspicturesquelyandmoreexactly.我发现一位作家一旦使某种文笔风格臻于完善,他也就已经超越了这种风格InanycaseIfindthatbythetimeyouh__eperfectedanystyleofwritingyouh__ealwaysoutgrownit.《动物庄园》一书便是我在有意识有计划地把__目的和艺术追求结合为一体的尝试Ani__lFarmwasthefirstbookinwhichItriedwithfullconsciousnessofwhatIwasdoingtofusepoliticalpurposeandartisticpurposeintoonewhole.我已经7年没写小说了,但我希望不久能写一部Ih__enotwrittenanovelforsevenyearsbutIhopetowriteanotherfairlysoon.这部小说注定会成败笔,每次完成的作品都觉得处处是败笔,但我清楚地知道我要写什么样的书ItisboundtobeafailureeverybookisafailurebutIdoknowwithsomeclaritywhatkindofbookIwanttowrite.写作是一场可怕的劳心伤神的斗争,犹如一场恶病长时间发作…Writingabookisahorribleexhaustingstrugglelikealongboutofsomepainfulillness.要不是被一种既不可抗拒又不可理喻的鬼怪驱使,没人愿意从事写作Onewouldneverundertakesuchathingifonewerenotdrivenonbysomedemonwhomonecanneitherresistnorunderstand.这种魔怪不外乎是婴儿嚎啕以引起人注意的本能Foralloneknowsthatdemonissimplythesameinstinctthat__kesababysquallforattention.但话又说回来,作家若不能努力隐去自己的个性,他便写不出什么值得一读的东西Andyetitisalsotruethatonecanwritenothingreadableunlessoneconstantlystrugglestoeffa__onesownpersonality.好文章是一块透亮的窗玻璃Goodproseislikeawindowpane.我不能肯定地说我的哪一种动机最强,但我知道哪一个目标我必须遵循Icannotsaywith__rtaintywhichofmymotivesarethestrongestbutIknowwhichofthemdeservetobefollowed.回顾我的创作,我发现,什么时候缺乏__目的,什么时候我就会写出毫无生气的书,就会坠入华而不实的篇章,写出毫无意义的句子,卖弄矫饰的形容词和堆砌一大堆空话废话AndlookingbackthroughmyworkIseethatitisinvariablywhereIlackedapoliticalpurposethatIwrotelifelessbooksandwasbetrayedintopurplepassagessenten__swithoutmeaningdecorativeadjectivesandhumbuggenerally工作Lesson13 Work究竟工作是幸福还是痛苦的源泉,这可能是一个难以回答的问题Whetherworkshouldbepla__damongthecausesofhappinessoramongthecausesofunhappiness__yperhapsberegardedasadoubtfulquestion.毫无疑问有许多工作是非常令人厌烦的,而且过多的工作总是十分痛苦的事Thereis__rtainlymuchworkwhichisex__edinglyirksomeandanex__ssofworkisalwaysverypainful.然而我认为,只要不过量,对多数人来说即使是最枯燥的工作也比终日无所事事要好些Ithinkhoweverthatprovidedworkisnotex__ssiveinamounteventhedullestworkistomostpeoplelesspainfulthanidleness.工作给人的愉快的程度多种多样,从仅仅是消烦解闷到产生巨大的快乐,这会随工作的性质和工__的能力而异Thereareinworkallgradesfrommerereliefoftediumuptotheprofoundestdelightsaccordingtothenatureoftheworkandtheabilitiesoftheworker.大多数人不得不从事的工作本身大都无乐趣可言,但即使是这样的工作也有一些很大的好处Mostoftheworkthatmostpeopleh__etodoisnotinitselfinterestingbutevensuchworkhas__rtaingreatadvantages.首先,工作可将一天的许多时间占满,人们不必再费神来决定应干些什么,大多数人在可___地按自己的愿望打发时间时,常常会不知所措,想不起有什么令人愉快的事值得去做Tobeginwithitfillsagood__nyhoursofthedaywithouttheneedofdecidingwhatoneshalldo.Mostpeoplewhentheyareleftfreetofilltheirowntimeaccordingtotheirownchoi__areatalosstothinkofanythingsufficientlypleasanttobeworthdoing.而他们的决定又总是受到干扰,觉得干别的什么事也许会更令人愉快Andwhatevertheydecideontheyaretroubledbythefeelingthatsomethingelsewouldh__ebeenpleasanter.能够有意义地利用闲暇时间是文明发展到最高阶段的结果,而目前很少有人能达到这一层次Tobeabletofillleisurein____igentlyisthelastproductofcivilizationandatpresentveryfewpeopleh__ereachedthislevel.何况作出选择本身就是件令人厌烦的事Moreovertheexerciseofchoi__isinitselftiresome.除了那些具有非凡主动性的人,其他的人肯定有人乐于被告诉一天中的每时每刻该做什么,当然命令他们做的事不能太令人厌烦Ex__pttopeoplewithunusualinitiativeitispositivelyagreeabletobetoldwhattodoateachhourofthedayprovidedtheordersarenottoounpleasant.多数无所事事的阔佬免遭从事单调乏味工作之苦,但代价是莫名其妙的无聊Mostoftheidlerichsufferunspeakableboredomasthepri__oftheir_______fromdrudgery.有时他们去非洲猎取巨兽或环绕世界飞行来解闷,但这类__的数量有限,尤其到了中年以后更是如此Attimesthey__yfindreliefbyhuntingbiggameinAfricaorbyflyingroundtheworldbutthenumberofsuchsensationsislimitedespeciallyafteryouthispast.因此较为明智的阔佬们工作起来几乎像__一样卖力,而有钱的女人则大多忙于她们自以为具有震撼世界般重要性的无数琐事Accordinglythemorein____igentrichmenworknearlyashardasiftheywerepoorwhilerichwomenforthemostpartkeepthemselvesbusywithinnumerabletriflesofwhoseearthshakingimportan__theyarefirmlypersuaded.因此人们愿意工作,首先因为工作可防止产生无聊感比起终日无所事事而造成的无聊来,人们在干着虽必要但缺乏兴趣的工作时所感到的枯燥无聊就不值一提了Workthereforeisdesirablefirstandforemostasapreventiveofboredomfortheboredomthata__nfeelswhenheisdoingne__ssarythoughuninterestingworkisasnothingincomparisonwiththeboredomthathefeelswhenhehasnothingtodowithhisdays.与工作的这一好处相关的还有一个好处,那就是假日到来会令人感到更加美妙只要一个人的工作不至于累得他体力不支,那么他就会从他的闲暇时间里得到无所事事的人绝对得不到的极大乐趣Withthisadvantageofworkanotherisassociatednamelythatit__kesholidaysmuchmoredeliciouswhentheycome.Provideda__ndoesnoth__etoworksohardastoimpairhisvigorheislikelytofindfarmorezestinhisfreetimethananidle__ncouldpossiblyfind.多数有报酬的工作和某些没有报酬的工作还有第二个好处,那就是它们提供了成功的机会和实现抱负的可能Thesecondadvantageofmostpaidworkandofsomeunpaidworkisthatitgiveschan__sofsuc__ssandopportunitiesforambition.在多数工作中,收入的多少是衡量成功与否的标准,当我们这个资本主义社会继续存在时,这是不可避免的Inmostworksuc__ssismeasuredbyincomeandwhileourcapitalisticsocietycontinuesthisisinevitable.只有在工作最好的情况下收入才不再被用作当然的衡量标准Itisonlywherethebestworkiscon__rnedthatthismeasure__asestobethenaturalonetoapply.人们想增加收入当然是出自钱多了可以获得更多的舒适享受这一愿望,但同样也出自想获得成功的愿望Thedesirethatmenfeeltoincreasetheirincomeisquiteasmuchadesireforsuc__ssasfortheextracomfortsthatahigherincomecanprocure.无论工作多么枯燥单调,如果它是能够使人逐渐成名的手段,无论是在世界上出名还是就在自己的圈子里出名,那么这工作就不再难以忍受了Howeverdullwork__ybeitbecomesbearableifitisameansofbuildingupareputationwhetherintheworldatlargeoronlyinonesowncircle.归根结底,幸福的最重要的因素之一是有始终如一的目的而对多数人来说这样的目的主要来自他们的工作Continuityofpurposeisoneofthemostessentialingre___ntsofhappinessinthelongrunandformostmenthiscomeschieflythroughtheirwork.在这一点上,终日从事家务的妇女便远不如男子幸运,也没有走出家庭参__作的妇女幸运Inthisrespectthosewomenwhoselivesareoccupiedwithhouseworkaremuchlessfortunatethanmenorthanwomenwhoworkoutsidethehome.家庭妇女没有工资,无法改善自己的状况,她所干的一切在她的丈夫看来都是理所当然的(她的丈夫对此几乎是熟视无睹),丈夫欣赏的不是她干的家务活,而是她的其他品质Thedomesticatedwifedoesnotre__ivewageshasnomeansofbetteringherselfistakenforgrantedbyherhu__andwhoseespracticallynothingofwhatshedoesandisvaluedbyhimnotforherhouseworkbutforquiteotherqualities.当然对那些有足够的钱可以把__和花园搞得十分漂亮而成为邻居们的羡慕对象的女人来说,情况就不一样,但这样的女人相对来说数量较少,对于大多数妇女,家务带给她们的满足远不如其他工作带给男子或职业妇女的满足Ofcoursethisdoesnotapplytothosewomenwhoaresufficientlywell-to-doto__kebeautifulhousesandbeautifulgardensandbecometheenvyoftheirnei___ors;butsuchwomenarecomparativelyfewandforthegreat__jorityhouseworkcannotbringasmuchsatisfactionasworkofotherkindsbringstomenandtoprofessionalwomen.多数工作都能使人满意地消磨掉时间,而且给人们实现抱负提供某种令人满意的途径,虽然这途径不起眼一般说来这种满足足以使一个即使工作枯燥无味的人也比无事可做的人感到快乐但如果从事的是有趣的工作,就能给人带来比仅仅是解闷高级得多的满足Thesatisfactionofkillingtimeandofaffordingsomeoutlethowevermodestforambitionbelongstomostworkandissufficientto__keevena__nwhoseworkisdullhappieronthe__eragethana__nwhohasnoworkatall.Butwhenworkisinterestingitiscapableofgivingsatisfactionofafarhigherorderthanmererelieffromtedium.有兴趣的工作可以按其包含乐趣的大小顺序排列,我先谈小有乐趣的工作,最后谈那些值得伟大人物投入全部精力的工作Thekindsofworkinwhichthereissomeinterest__ybearrangedinahierarchy.Ishallbeginwiththosewhichareonlymildlyinterestingandendwiththosethatareworthytoabsorbthewholeenergiesofagreat__n.两个使工作有趣的主要因素,一是需要运用技巧,二是有建设性Twochiefelements__keworkinteresting:firsttheexerciseofskillandsecondconstruction.凡是掌握了不同寻常的技巧的人都喜欢运用这种技巧,直至他感到太平常或他再也不能提高时为止Every__nwhohasacquiredsomeunusualskillenjoysexercisingituntilithasbecomea__tterofcourseoruntilhecannolongerimprovehimself.这种想要自我表现的动机从幼儿时代就开始了一个能倒立的男孩总是不想用脚站立Thismotivetoactivitybeginsinearlychildhood:aboywhocanstandonhisheadbecomesreluctanttostandonhisfeet.许多工作同靠技艺取胜的游戏一样给人以快乐Agreatdealofworkgivesthesamepleasurethatistobederivedfromgamesofskill.律师或__家的工作一定更愉快而且包含着许多和打桥牌同样的快乐Theworkofalawyerorapoliticianmustcontaininamoredelectableformagreatdealofthesamepleasurethatistobederivedfromplayingbridge.当然这里不仅运用了技巧,而且还在智力较量上胜过了一个本领高超的对手Hereofcoursethereisnotonlytheexerciseofskillbuttheoutwittingofaskilledopponent.即使在不存在竞争因素的情况下,表演高难的绝技也是件令人惬意的事情Evenwherethiscompetitiveelementisabsenthowevertheperfor__n__ofdifficultfeatsisagreeable.能驾驶飞机进行特技飞行的人会从中获得极大的快乐,以至为此甘愿冒生命危险A__nwhocandostuntsinanaero--planefindsthepleasuresogreatthatforthesakeofitheiswillingtoriskhislife.我想像尽管一个能干的外科医生工作时处在令人痛苦的气氛中,他还是能从精湛的手术中得到满足Ii__ginethatanablesurgeoninspiteofthepainfulcircumstan__sinwhichhisworkisdonederivessatisfactionfromtheexquisiteprecisionofhisoperations.从大量层次较低的工作中也能得到同样的,只是在程度上没有那么强烈的快乐Thesamekindofpleasurethoughinalessintenseformistobederivedfromagreatdealofworkofahumblerkind.只要工作中需要的技巧不是一成不变的,或存在着不断提高的余地,那么一切需要熟练技巧的工作都会是令人愉快的Allskilledworkcanbepleasurableprovidedtheskillrequirediseithervariableorcapableofindefiniteimprovement.但如不具备上述两个条件,在人们掌握的技巧达到顶峰以后,这种工作便不再有兴趣了Iftheseconditionsareabsentitwill__asetobeinterestingwhena__nhasacquiredhis__ximumskill.一个从事3英里长跑的运动员到了不能再打破自己纪录的年龄以后,就不会再从这个职业中获得乐趣A__nwhorunsthree-milera__swill__asetofindpleasureinthisoccupationwhenhepassestheageatwhichhecanbeathisownpreviousrecord.幸而有相当数量的工作随新的情况出现而需要新的技巧,人们可以不断提高自己的技巧,至少可以一直继续到中年以后Fortunatelythereisaveryconsiderableamountofworkinwhichnewcircumstan__scallfornewskillanda__ncangoonimprovingatanyrateuntilhehasreachedmiddleage.从事某些技巧性工作的人,比如从政的人,似乎在60岁到70岁之间才达到颠峰状态,原因是在这些职业中,丰富的阅历至关重要Insomekindsofskilledworksuchaspoliticsforexampleitseemsthatmenareattheirbestbetweensixtyandseventythereasonbeingthatinsuchoccupationsawideexperien__ofothermenisessential.因此有成就的__家在70岁时往往会比其他同龄人幸福Forthisreasonsuc__ssfulpoliticiansareapttobehappierattheageofseventythananyothermenofequalage.在这一点上惟一能与他们相比的是大公司的首脑人物Theironlycompe_____sinthisrespectarethemenwhoaretheheadsofbigbusinesses.然而最好的工作还具有另一因素,作为幸福的源泉它比运用技巧更为重要,这便是建设性Thereishoweveranotherelementpossessedbythebestworkwhichisevenmoreimportantasasour__ofhappinessthanistheexerciseofskill.Thisistheelementofconstructiveness.有些工作在完成后,结果会像纪念碑一样存在下去,尽管并非多数工作都能如此Insomeworkthoughbynomeansinmostsomethingisbuiltupwhichre__insasamonumentwhentheworkiscompleted.我们可以用下列标准区分是建设还是破坏We__ydistinguishconstructionfromdestructionbythefollowingcriterion.如果是建设,则初始阶段事物较为缺少章法,而到最后阶段则体现出某个目标来;如为破坏,则正好相反,初始阶段体现出某个目标,而最后阶段则是缺少章法,也就是说,破坏者惟一的目的是制造出一个不具备某一目标的状态来Inconstructiontheinitialstateofaffairsiscomparativelyhaphazardwhilethefinalstaleofaffairsembo___sapurpose.Indestructionthereverseisthecase;theinitialstaleofaffairsembo___sapurposewhilethefinalstateofaffairsishaphazardthatistosayallthatisintendedbythedestroyeristoprodu__astateofaffairswhichdoesnotembodya__rtainpurpose.适用这一标准的最具体最明显的一个例子,就是建造和拆除房屋Thiscriterionappliesinthemostliteralandobviouscasenamelytheconstructionanddestructionofbuildings.在建造房屋时,预先制定好的方案得到实施,而在拆除房屋时没有人明确规定拆毁后残砖烂瓦应如何处置Inconstructingabuildingapreviously__deplaniscarriedoutwhereasindestroyingitnoonedecidesexactlyhowthe__terialsaretoliewhenthedemolitioniscompleted.当然破坏常常是随之而来的建设的必要前提,在这种情况下它便成了整个建设的一部分Destructionisofcoursene__ssaryveryoftenasapreliminarytosubsequentconstructioninthatcaseitispartofawholewhichisconstructive.但有时一个人从事的活动旨在破坏而不是考虑此后可能进行的建设活动,他常常会标榜自己是为了重新建设而扫平一切,但一般说来如果这是个借口,只要问他随后的建设是什么样就会揭穿他人们会发现在这一问题上他会含糊其词,毫无热情,但对于作为准备工作的破坏他却津津乐道,谈得十分具体Butnotinfrequentlya__nwillengageinactivitiesofwhichthepurposeisdestructivewithoutregardtoanyconstructionthat__ycomeafter.Frequentlyhewillcon__althisfromhimselfbythebeliefthatheisonlysweepingswayinordertobuildafreshbutitisgenerallypossibletoun__skthispretensewhenitisapretensebyaskinghimwhatthesubsequentconstructionistohe.Onthissu__ectitwillbefoundthathewillspeakvaguelyandwithoutenthusia__whereasonthepreliminarydestructionhehasspokenpreciselyandwithzest.不少的__者、尚武分子及其他__的信徒们就是如此Thisappliestonotafewrevolutionariesandmilitaristsandotherapostlesofviolen__.他们为仇恨所驱使,但自己往往还没意识到这一点他们的真正目的是毁灭他们所仇恨的事物,相对来说对随后应做什么的问题并不关心Theyareactuatedusuallywithouttheirownknowledgebyhatred:thedestructionofwhattheyhateistheirrealpurposeandtheyarecomparativelyindifferenttothequestionwhatistocomeafterit.我无法否认从事破坏性工作和从事建设性工作一样也可能有快乐NowIcannotdenythatintheworkofdestructionasintheworkofconstructionthere__ybejoy.这是一种更为狂暴的快乐,也许有时更为强烈,但却不能给人以那种更深的满足,因为从它的结果中几乎找不到什么满足Itisafier__rjoyperhapsatmomentsmoreintensebutitislessprofoundlysatisfyingsin__theresultisoneinwhichlittlesatisfactionistobefound.你杀死了敌人,他死了你的职业就不存在了,你从胜利中得来的满足很快就消失了Youkillyourenemyandwhenheisdeadyouroccupationisgoneandthesatisfactionthatyouderivefromvictoryquicklyfades.从另一方面来说,建设性的工作在完成后一回想起来就令人愉快,而且这种永远也不会做到再也无事可做的地步Theworkofconstructionontheotherhandwhencompletedisdelightfultocontemplateandmoreoverisneversofullycompletedthatthereisnothingfurthertodoaboutit.最令人满意的目标是那些能永远从一个成功通向另一个成功而从不会走进死胡同的目标,在这个方面人们会发现建设比破坏更能带给人幸福Themostsatisfactorypurposesarethosethatleadonindefinitelyfromonesuc__sstoanotherwithoutevercomingtoadeadend;andinthisrespectitwillbefoundthatconstructionisagreatersour__ofhappinessthandestruction.也许更准确的说法应该是,在建设中寻求满足的人得到的满足要比热衷破坏建设的人从破坏中得到的满足更大,因为你一旦变得满腔仇恨,就很难从建设中得到别的人从中得到的乐趣Perhapsitwouldbemorecorrecttosaythatthosewhofindsatisfactioninconstructionfindinitgreatersatisfactionthantheloversofdestructioncanfindindestructionforifon__youh__ebecomefilledwithhateyouwillnoteasilyderivefromconstructionthepleasurewhichanother__nwouldderivefromitLesson14IWouldLiketo____YouSomething我想告诉你们一些事情Iwouldliketo____yousomethingaboutwhatveterans老兵aredoinginthiscountryandaboutourfeelingnowthatwe’vecomebackfromawarwedidntreallywanttofight.我们从一场我们并不想打的战争中返回家园,我想告诉你们退伍军人正在____里做些什么,告诉你们我们的__AlittleoveraweekagoweheldaninvestigationinDetroit一个多星期以前,我们在底特律进行了一次调查,whereover150honorablydischargedveterans光榮退伍的老兵__nyofthemhighlydecoratedtestifiedtowarcrimescommittedinIndochina在那里,150多名光荣退伍的老兵,其中许多人曾被授予各种高级勋章,为在印度__犯下的战争罪行做证——notisolatedincidentsbutcrimescommittedonaday-to-daybasiswiththefullawarenessofoffi__rsatalllevelsofcom__nd.—这些罪行并不是孤立的__,而是每天都在发生,并且各级军官对此都十分清楚Theinvestigationwasnotstagedsothatveteranscouldspillouttheirheartsorpurgetheirsouls;这次调查并不是为了让那些老兵倾吐他们心中多年以来积蓄已久的感情或是消除他们心灵的负罪感,itwasdonetoprovethatthepolicyoftheUnitedStatesinIndochinaistantamount等價togenocide大量屠殺而是为了证实美国在印度__的政策与种族灭绝毫无两样,andthatnotonlythesol___rsareresponsibleforwhatishappeningbutthateveryonehereinAmericawhohasallowedthebrutalization暴行andde-personalization冷漠togoonisresponsible.对那里发生的一切应负责的不仅仅是美国士兵,还有每一个允许这种暴行和冷漠继续下去的美国人Itwasdonealsotoshowthatyoudontstart__kingthingsrightbyprosecuting起訴WilliamGalleyno__tterhowguiltyhe__ybe;这次调查的目的还想告诉大家,不管威廉凯利的罪行有多大,仅仅起诉他是错误的,youalsoprosecutethemenwhoencouragedthesituation.还应该起诉那些造成这种局面的人ItwasdonetoshowthatthereisnotjustoneMylaibutcountlessMylaisandtheyarecontinuingeverysingleday.这次调查还告诉大家不是只有一个迈莱,而是有无数个迈莱,类似的__每天都在发生Therewasanalmosttotalpressblackoutonthetestimony証詞ofthoseveterans.那些老兵的证词差不多遭到彻底的封锁Butthisisntnewtothoseofuswhowereinthewar.但对于我们这些参加过战争的人来说,这并不新鲜Icanremembertr__elingtoSaigonandtryingtotalktotheadmiral海軍上將whocom__ndedthen__alfor__sto____himthatwhatweweredoingwaswrong.记得我曾去过西贡,想和统帅海军的上将谈谈,告诉他我们的所作所为是错误的Iremembergoingtoawriterforanational__gazineand____inghimthiswasastorytheAmericanpeopleshouldhear.记得我还去找过一位全国性__的撰稿人,告诉他在越南的暴行才是美国人民应知道的HeagreedbutsaiditwouldnevergetbyhisdeskbecausetheArmywouldrescind取消廢除the__gazinesaccreditation報道權tocoverthewar他同意我说的话,但他又说这种报道永远无法发表,因为一旦发表,军方就会取消__对战争的报道权andifyoudontcoverthewaryoudontsell__gazinesandifyoudontsell__gazinesthennothinghappensbecausethat’stheAmericanway.如果不能报道战争,__就卖不出去,__卖不出去的话,美国人民还是对发生的事一无所知,美国____Butthepressisnttheonly_____inthiscountrythatsguiltyofthisrampant滋生蔓延insensitivity.但在美国,新闻界并不是惟一造成这种麻木态度的滋生蔓延的责任者WhenIwenttothechair__noftheboardofalargeNewYork-basedfirmandaskedhimformoneytohelpusgettranscriptsofthetestimonytopresenttoeachmemberofCongresssothatwecanpressourde__ndsforopenhearings当我去找一家总部设在纽约的大公司的董事长,请求他赞助我们将证词呈给国会议员以便敦促实现召开公开听证会时,1wastoldinseriousness:Idontthinkyoucan__rketwarcrimes—itsa__rketingquestionyouknow.”他严肃地对我说“我认为你不可能推销战争罪行——你知道,这是一个销售的问题”Andtheninthenextbreathtohisexecutivevi__-president:HellweusedtodothatinWorldWarII.Christwhatsnew接着他对执行副__说“见鬼吧,二次世界大战时我们也是这样干的天哪!这有什么新鲜的?Weallknowthatthisde-sensitizingstartedalongtimeagointhiscountrybutitiscarriedoutinafarmoreviciouswaywiththesol___r.众所周知,在美国,这种冷漠很早就开始了,但这种冷漠在士兵的身上实施得更加恶劣Atbootcamp新兵訓練營hespresentedwithaposterinhisbarracks兵營ofacrucified十字架上VietnameseandunderneathitsaysKillthegooks.在新兵训练营中,他们的营房里挂着一张招贴画,上面是一个被绑在十字架上的越南人,下面写着,“杀死越南佬”Themessagebeginstosinkin.士兵们逐渐明白画上的含意Duringtrainingcalisthenicsaredonetoafour-count在训练中,士兵要做一种四拍一节的体操,andattheendofthefour-counteverybodyjumpsupandyellsKill!在第四拍上大家一起跳起来大叫“杀!”Forthe__rinesatCampPendletonbeforetheydepartforVietnamtheresaveryspecialtreat;在潘德尔顿营地的海军陆战队队员出发去越南前会受到一种特殊的训练thesergeanttakesaliverabbitandskinsittearingitopenpullingouttheentrails內臟tothrowattheassembledsol___rssayingThatshowitsdoneinNam;gogetem.__rines!”中士手里拿着一只活兔子,将兔子剥皮,撕开,扯出内脏扔向__在一起的士兵,说“在越南就是这么干的去杀死他们吧,海军陆战队队员们”Andsoweresuddenlyfa__dwithasickeningsituationinthiscountry.于是在____,我们突然面对着一种令人厌恶的情形Theresnolongeranymoralindignation.再也没有什么道义上的愤慨,Andifthereisitcomesfrompeoplewhoarealmostexhaustedfrompastindignitiesinflictedonthem.即使有,也是来自于那些被过去强加在他们身上的侮辱折磨得精疲力尽的人们Thecountryseemstobelyingdownandac__ptingsomethingasseriousasLaosjustasbeforewedi__issedthelossof700000livesinPakistantheso-calledgreatestdisasterofalltime.____似乎逆来顺受地接受着类似在老挝发生过的严重__,就像以前我们曾对巴基斯坦70万人丧生这一历史上最大的灾难不予理睬一样WellIthinkwereinthemidstofthegreatestdisasterofalltimerightnowbecausetheyarestilldyingoverthereeveryday.AndIdontjustmeanAmericanboys.我认为我们现在正处于历史上最大灾难之中,因为每一天都有人死去,我指的不仅仅是美国青年Andthe__ssofpeopleinthiscountryliterallydontgiveadamn.____的大众的确对此毫不在乎AfterallyoucanswitchofftheTVnewsandputon____VanDyke.毕竟,你可以不看新闻而去收看迪克凡戴克的节目Werenotonfoodrationing;peoplecanstillchargeprostitutes__oncreditcards;我们的食物并没有实行定量配给,人们还可以使用___嫖妓,sowhatifafewlivesareusedtos__eAmericanfa__inanuns__eablesituation那么,牺牲一些人的生命从不可挽回的局面中挽回美___面子,又能怎样呢?Itshouldnotbehardforpeopleinthiscountrytoadmitthereisnodifferen__betweenagroundtroopandahelicoptertroop;直升飛機对美国人来说,承认地面__和直升机__之间没有什么区别应该不是件困难事,yetweh__eac__ptedadifferentiationfedusbytheAdministration.但我们却接受了__灌输给我们的两者之间的区别NogroundtroopsareinLaossoitsallrighttokillLaotiansaslongasitsdonebyremotecontrol.在老挝没有地面__,只要__是遥控进行的,就可以枪杀老挝人Believemethehelicoptercrewsfillthesamebodybagsasthegroundtroops信我,直升机__和地面__死的人一样多,andtheydothesameda__getotheVietnamesecountrysideandtheLaotianpeople.相他们对越南乡村和老挝人民造成的破坏也是一样的Itsabsolutelyincrediblethatthiscountryisreadytoac__ptthiskindofhypocrisy.____能够接受这样的虚伪简直让人难以置信ButwhatthiscountrydoesntknowisthatAmericahascreatedamonster可怕的力量intheformofmillionsoffightingmenwhoh__ebeentaughttodealinviolen__但是____不知道它将几百万个战斗人员制造成一种可怕的力量,他们受过从事__的训练,andwhoh__ebeengivenachan__to___forthebiggestnothinginhistory.并被赋予一个机会为人类历史最大的虚无而死Weh__ereturnedtothiscountrywithasenseofangerandbetrayal出賣whichnobodyhasyetgrasped.我们满怀愤怒和被__的感觉回到了____,这一点许多人至今还不明白Wereangryaboutthesamethingsyouareintermsofpolicy—alittleangrierbecauseourliveswerethethingsusedtotestthosepolicies.就政策而言,我们对同样的事情也感到愤怒——甚至更强烈些,因为用来检验这些政策的东西是我们的生命ButwereangryalsobecauseofstatementsliketheoneVi__PresidentAgnew__dewhenhespokeatWestPointin
1970.但是令我们愤怒的还有一些声明,如副总统阿格纽1970年在西点军校讲话时发表的声明Hespokeofhowsomepeopleglamorizethecriminalmisfitsofsocietywhilethebestmen___inAsianri__pad___stopreservethe_______sthatthosemisfitsabuse.他谈到有些人如何美化那些与社会格格不入的人,而为了捍卫被这些坏分子滥用的自由,我们的精英们却牺牲在亚洲的稻田里SupporttheboysinVietnam.ButforusthoseboysinVietnamwhomthecountryissupposedtosupportthisisaterribledistortionfromwhichwedrawonlythedeepestrevulsion.支持在越南的战士吧但对我们,这些美国应当支持的在越南作战的战士来说,这是对事实可怕的扭曲,我们对此极度反感Itsadistortionbecauseweinnowayconsideredourselvesthebestmeninthiscountry这是一种扭曲,因为我们根本没有把自己当作是____的“精英”,becausethosehecalledmisfitswerestandingupforusinawaynobodyelseinthiscountrydaredto因为那些被他称为与社会格格不入的人正以____无人敢用的方式支持我们,becauseweknowthatso__nywho___dwouldh__ecomebacktojointhemisfits因为我们知道许多牺牲的人如果能回来的话也会加入他们的行列,andbecauseso__nyofush__eactuallyreturnedtothiscountrytode__ndanimmediatewithdrawalfromVietnam.因为我们中许多人已返回____要求立即从越南撤军Andbecauseso__nyofthosebestmenh__ereturnedasamputees缺胳膊少腿andquadraplegicstolieinrancid腐臭味hospitalswhichflytheflagthatMr.Agnewholdssoclose.珍貴还因为许多的所谓“精英”返回____,成了缺臂断腿、四肢瘫痪的人,躺在散发着腐臭味的医院里,上面还扬着阿格纽如此珍视的那面__AndonecantconsiderusbestmenwhenwewereashamedofandhatedwhatwewerecalledontodoinAsia.我们为自己在亚洲所做的事感到耻辱和痛恨,也就不应该被当作是“精英”AndtoattempttojustifythelossofoneAmericanlifeinVietnamCambodiaLaosoranywhereinIndochinaoranywhereintheworldorevenhereinAmerica试图证明在越南、柬埔寨、老挝或印度__的任何地方,甚至在美国,任何一个美___死都是有必要的bysayingthatthatkindoflossoflifeislinkedtothepreservationof_______istoplayexactlythekindofcriminalhypocrisythathastornthiscountryapart.把它说成是为了保卫自由,这简直就是玩弄罪恶的虚伪把戏,与把____搞得四分五裂的那套完全是一类 Ourangergoesbeyondthe______policy__tters.使我们愤怒的不仅是简单的政策问题,ItgoesintothefactthatallthethingsweweretoldaboutVietnamwefounduntruewhenwegotthere.而是等我们到了越南才发现有关越南的一切都是假的WefoundthattoooftenAmericanmenweredyinginthoseri__pad___sfromwantofsupportfromourso-calledallies.我们发现很多时候美国士兵因为得不到所谓盟军的帮助而死于那些稻田里`Wesawfirsthandthemoney—yourtaxes—squandered浪費byacorrupt__dictatorialregime.獨裁政體我们亲眼看到你们纳税人的钱被一个迅速惨败的____大肆挥霍WesawthatAgnewhadaone-sidedideaofwhowaskeptfreebytheflagasblacksprovidedthehighestper__ntageofcasualties.傷亡我们还看到阿格纽在有关__保卫的是谁的自由这一问题上的看法是片面的,因为死伤人员中黑人所占的比例最高WesawVietnamr__agedequallybyAmericanbombsandsearch-and-destroymissionsandbyVietCongterrorists我们看到美国的__与搜索歼灭行动和越共____对越南造成同样的破坏,andwelistenedwhileAmericablameditallontheVietCong.我们听到的却是美国将这一切都归咎于越共Wewatchedwhilewerationalized合理化destroyingvillagestos__ethem我们目睹了硬把毁灭村庄说成是拯救他们,whilewesawAmericalosehersenseofmoralityasshecoollyac__ptedaMylai眼睁睁地看着美国失去了它的道德感,因为它无动于衷地接受了迈莱__,andrefusedtogiveupthei__geofAmericansol___rshandingoutchewinggumandchocolatebars.同时却又拒绝摒弃美国士兵分发口香糖和巧克力的形象Wewatchedwhileprideallowedunimportantbattlestobeescalated升級intothemostimportantstandsofthewar我们看到骄傲使一场微不足道的战斗升级为战争中最重要的立脚点—becausewecouldntloseandwecouldntretreatandbecauseitdidnt__tterhow__nyAmericanbo___swereprovidedtoprovethatpoint.——因为我们既不能打败仗,也不能撤退,不管为了证实这一点会死多少美国人Nowwearetoldthatweh__etowatchquietlywhiletheAmericanlivesarelostsothatwecanexercisetheincredible難以置信的arrogan__傲慢自大ofVietnamizingtheVietnamese.现在对我们说为了实现越南战争越南化这种令人难以置信的自大,我们不得不静观美国士兵为此丧生Theproblemoftheveterandoesntjustendwithhisanger.退伍老兵不光是愤怒的问题Oneoutofevery10oftheunemployedinthiscountrytodayisaVietnamveteran.____的失业人口中每十个人中就有一名是越战的退伍军人Thats
22.5per__ntofalltheveteranswhoareunemployed.占所有失业退伍军人的225%,33per__ntoftheseareblack.其中33%是黑人,Weh__eveteranswhopracticallyh__etosuetheVeteransAdministrationtogettheirartificiallimns.有些军人为了安上假肢被迫起诉退伍军人管理委员会57per__ntofthoseenteringhospitalsh__ethoughtabout_______and27per__nth__etriedit.住进医院的人中,57%想过自杀,27%有过这样的念头68per__ntofthetroopsinVietnamarcondope__andtheaddicts沉迷whoreturnre__ivelittleifanycare.在越南的士兵68%的人吸毒,而这些吸毒成瘾的人回国后几乎没有得到过任何关心Weregoingtodosomethingaboutthissituation.我们要对这种境况采取点行动OnApril19membersofVietnamVeteransAgainsttheWarnownumbering
7.000menandgrowingare__rchingonWashington—inuniformwearingmedals.4月19日,越南退伍军人反战组织成员,现在的成员有大约7,000人,并且人数还在不断增加,将穿着军装并佩戴勋章向华盛顿进军Wearepayingho__ge敬意tothedeadinArlington我们将向阿灵顿公墓的阵亡者致敬Wearethen__rchingwithveteransofotherwarswithfamiliesofthede__asedfamiliesofprisonersofwarwhoever任何人willjoinusontheCapitol.接着我们和其他战争的退伍军人、阵亡者家属、战俘的家属以及所有愿意加入我们行列的人一起向国会进军Andwearecampingandwearestayingtheretode__ndthatourneedsbemet.Butmoreimportantwewon’tmoveuntiltheysetadateforwithdrawaloftroopsfromVietnam.我们在那里宿营并呆在那里,使他们答应我们的要求但更重要的是,如果他们不定出从越南撤军的日期,我们就不会离开WewillalsobereturningourwarmedalstoCongressandbede__ndingthatthejudiciary司法部ofthiscountryruleonthe__ssachusettshillwhichcallsforthedeclarationthattheVietnamwarisunconstitutional.我们还要将军功章还给国会,并要求美国的司法部门就宣布越南战争是违反宪法的马萨诸塞法案作出裁决Weareaskingforthesupportofallsectionsofthepea__movementbecausewedonotfeelthatthisisatimetobedor__nt.我们请求和平运动的所有部门支持我们,因为我们认为这不是保持沉默的时候Thewarispartandpar__lofeverythingthatwearetryingtocommunicatetopeopleofthiscountry.战争是我们要对____的人们说明的一切事情的核心TheproblemofVietnamisnotjusttheproblemofwaranddiplo__cy;itsaproblemoftheverybasicAmericanideali__最根本的理想主義thatwearetryingtoquestion.越南的问题不仅仅是战争和外交的问题,而是我们对之产生了怀疑的美国最根本的____的问题AllAmericanIndianfriendofmineaveteranamemberoftheIndianNationofAlcatrazputittomeverysuccinctly:我的一位退伍军人的印地安人朋友是艾尔卡特拉兹印地安部落联盟的成员,他把问题对我说得再简单不过了hetoldmehowasaboyontheIndianreservation居留地hehadwatchedtelevisionandcheeredthecowboyswhokilledtheIndiansinanambush.他告诉我,小时候在印地安居留地看电视时,他曾为在伏击中杀死印地安人的牛仔们欢呼ThensuddenlyonedayhewokeupinVietnamandhefoundhimselfdoingtotheVietnameseexactlywhathadbeendonetohispeopleandwhathehadbeenconditionedbyAmericatoapplaud.接着突然有一天在越南他醒悟过来,发现自己对越南人所做的一切正是自己民族曾遭受过的,也正是他在美国的影响下为之鼓掌欢呼的行为Ithinkthatsaysiiall.Theveteranhasbeenusedhorribly.我认为他的话说明了一切退伍军人们被无情地利用了Butnowhesgoingtodosomethingaboutit.但是现在他打算做点事情Hesgoingtotakeallthegoodnessofhisuniformalltheapplepieandmotherhoodandmedalsintheservi__ofhiscountryandhesgoingtopla__itbeforethepeopleofthiscountry____ingitlikeitreallyis.他要将他这身军装所象征的一切美好的东西、所有代表家乡的苹果馅饼和母爱以及为他的国家服役所得的军功章统统拿到美国人民面前,原原本本地告诉他们事实__
1.testifytowarcrimes2testifytosth.是指作为某事的证据,证明……,后跟名词e.g.Icantestifytohishonesty.我可以证明他的诚实
2.beguiltyof有罪的e.g.Theverdictofthejurywasthathewasguiltyofmurder.陪审团裁决他犯有谋杀罪guilty还有“感觉内疚的”意思,但后面的介词用aboute.g.Ifeelguiltyaboutmywords.我对我说的话感到愧疚
3.inflicton__.意为“使(某人)遭受(打击或惩罚)”e.g.inflictacrushingdefeatontheenemy把敌人打得一败涂地
4.switchoff意为“关掉,切断”e.g.DontswitchtheTVoffyet.暂时不要关掉电视反义词为puton打开
5.whatif意为“要是……又怎么样?”e.g.Whatifitrainswhenwecantgetundershelter假若下起雨来,我们又没处避雨怎么办?
6.dealin意为“忙于,参与,从事”e.g.dealingossipandslander忙于搬弄是非和造谣中伤dealin还有“经营”的意思e.g.Weonlydealinhardwarebutnotsoftware.我们只经营硬件不经营软件
7.intermsof9意为“在某事物方面;以某种说法来表达e.g.Thinkofitintermsofaninvestment.从投资的角度来考虑这件事
8.ItgoesintothefactthatallthethingsweweretoldaboutVietnamwefounduntruewhenwegotthere.13这是一个同位语结构的句子,that引导的从句即是thefact从句中宾语allthethings提前,weweretoldabout是定语从句修饰宾语allthethingswhen引导的时间从句作状语成分△...thepolicyoftheUnitedStaresinIndochinaistantamounttogenocide,tantamountto equalineffectto等同于eg
1.Whatthechildsaysistantamounttothecom__ndforherpar—ents.小孩所说的对她父母来说如同命令一般2.Nottogiveanansweristantamounttoarefusal.不回答就等于拒绝△no__tterhowguiltyhe__ybe;no__tter后边接what,who,how,when,where相当于whatever,whoever,however,whenever,wherever.eg1.Trytokeepcalmno__tterwhatwhateverhappens.不管发生什么事,尽量保持冷静2.No__tterwhenWheneverIwenttoseeher,shewasreadingbooks.不论什么时候我去找她,她都在读书△butsaiditwouldnevergetbyhisdesk,getby le__e,pass离开,通过eg1.Thecrowdmovedasidetoletthedoctorsgetby.人群退向一边,让医生通过2.Itsverydifficultforthepeopletogetbybecause__nypedlarssellvegetablesthere.由于许多小贩在那儿卖菜,人们很难通过△Butthepressisn’ttheonly_____inthiscountrythat’sguiltyofthisrampantinsensitivity.beguiltyof h__ingdonewrong有罪eg1.Hewasguiltyofacrimeandtakenintoprison.他有罪,被捕入狱了2.Theywerenotsurewhetherhewasguiltyofstealing.他们不敢肯定他是否犯了偷盗罪△Andsowe’resuddenlyfa__dwithasickeningsituationinthiscountrybefa__dwith encounter遇到,面临eg1.Wearefa__dwithnewchallengenow.我们现在面临着新的挑战2.Whatdifficultiesareyoufa__dwith你们遇到了什么困难△...whoarealmostexhaustedfrompastindignitiesinflictedonthem.inflicton causetosuffer使遭受eg1.Thejudgeinflictedthedeathpenaltyonthe__lderer.法官处该杀人犯以死刑2.Thebadnewsinflictedasevereblowonhim.这则坏消息给他以沉重的打击△We’reangryaboutthesamethingsyouareintermsofpolicy..intermsof modeofexpression,accordingto以某种说法来表达eg1.Hereferredtoyourworkintermsofpraise.他对你的工作大加表扬2.Weshouldconsiderproblemsintermsofthepeoplesinterests.我们应该从人民利益出发来考虑问题△...whomthecountryissupposedtosupport,besupposedto beexpectedto应该eg1.Thestudentsaresupposedtostudyhard.学生应该努力学习2.Whoissupposedtocleantheblackboardtoday今天应该由谁来擦黑板△Itsadistortionbecauseweinnowayconsideredourselvesthe“bestmen”inthiscountry...innoway notatall一点儿也不eg1.Infact,heisinnowayhonest.其实他一点儿也不老实2.Heisinnowaylikehisfather.他——点儿也不像他的爸爸△becausethosehecalledmisfitswerestandingupforusinawaynobodyelse.inthiscountrydaredto,inaway toa__rtaindegree,insomeaspects在某方面,某种程度eg1.Inawayyouareright在某些方面你是对的2.Inawaymiddleschoolstudentsaremoredifficulttoteachthancollegestudents.从某种意义上说,中学生比大学生更难教△...whenwewereashamedofandhatedwhatwewerecalledontodoinAsia.callon appealto,invite,require号召,要求eg1.TheLeaguemembersarecalledontoplanttreesinspringeveryyear.要求团员每年春季去植树2.Icalledonhertokeepthesecretforme.我要求她替我保守秘密△Wearepayingho__getothedeadinArlington.payho__geto expressrespectfor表示敬意eg1.Everyonepaysho__getothesol___rs.每个人都对军人表示敬意2.__nystudentspaidho__getotheteachersonthegraduation__r—emony毕业典礼上许多学生对老师表示敬意△Thewarispartandpar__lofeverythingthatwearetryingtocommuni—catetopeopleofthiscountrypartandpar__l anessentialpartof主要部分.eg1.Wordsandgram__rshouldbepartandpar__lofEnglish.learn—ing.词汇和语法是英语学习的主要部分2.Whatispartandpar__lofhislecture他讲座的主要部分是什么Lesson15:TheBeautyIndustry美容用品业這個__的觀點太偏,愛美是人的天性,心裡不平衡,我就愛美容,怎麼樣!!將美容同自考堅持到底!!!----芯芷宣TheoneAmericanindustryunaffectedbythegeneraldepressionoftradeisthebeamyindustry.美国工业中惟一未受贸易大萧条影响的是美容用品业Americanwomencontinuetospendontheirfa__sandbo___sasmuchastheyspentbeforethecomingoftheslump經濟蕭條前—aboutthreemillionpoundsaweek.美国妇女仍不断在她们的脸上和身体上花费与经济萧条到来之前同样多的钱——每周约300万英镑Thesefactsandfiguresareofficialandcanheac__ptedasbeingsubstantially充分true.这些事实与数字都是__的,可大致属实Readingthem.Iwasonlysurprisedbythecomparative相對較小__allnessofthesumsexpended.当读到这时,我只为花费的数目相对较小而感到惊奇Fromtheprodigious巨大numberofadvertisementsofaidstobeautycontainedintheAmerican__gazines从美国__上铺天盖地的化妆品__来看,Ihadi__ginedthatthepersonalappearan__businessmuststandhighupamongthechampionsofAmericanindustry—theequaloronlyjustlessthantheequalofbootlegging販賣私酒andracketeering敲詐勒索moviesandautomobiles.从美国__上铺天盖地的化妆品__来看,我原以为美容用品业一定居美国工业群雄之首,与贩卖私酒和敲诈勒索,电影和汽车业并驾齐驱或稍逊一筹Stillonehundredandfifty-sixmillionpoundsayearisatidy相當大的sum.虽然如此,每年1亿5,600万英镑是一个相当不小的数目,Rathermorethantwi__therevenue收入ofIndiaifIrememberrightly.如果___记错的话,超出印度年收入的两倍IdonotknowwhattheEuropeanfiguresare.Much__allerundoubtedly.我不知道欧洲的数字是多少,毫无疑问要小得多Europeispoorandafa__cancostasmuchinupkeepasaRolls-Roy__.欧洲很穷,保养一张脸需要花费和保养一辆罗尔斯——罗伊斯牌汽车一样多的钱Themostthatthe__jorityofEuropeanwomencandoisjusttowashandhopeforthebest.大多欧洲妇女最多只能洗洗脸,听天由命Perhapsthesoapwillprodu__itsloudlyadvertisedeffects;也许肥皂会产生__中大肆宣扬的效果,perhapsitwilltransformthemintothelikenessofthoser__ishingcreatureswho__ilesorosilyandcreamily紅潤__sopeachily艷如桃李andpearlily美若珠肌fromeveryhoarding廣告牌.也许能把她们变成像那些在每块__牌上绽开令人陶醉的红润__、艳如桃李、美若珠玑般笑容的女郎Perhapsontheotherhandit__ynot.另一方面,或许肥皂不具有这种效能InanycasethemorecostlyexperimentsinbeautificationarestillasmuchbeyondmostEuropeanmeansasarehigh-poweredmotor-carsandelectricrefrigerators.无论怎样,在装饰自己上更为昂贵的试验和大马力汽车及电冰箱一样都是欧洲人的经济能力所不及的EveninEuropehowevermuchmoreisnowspentonbeautythanwaseverspentinthepast.然而即使在欧洲,如今花在化妆品上的钱比过去任何时候都要多得多,NotquitesomuchmoreasinAmericathatisall.只不过比起美国来要逊色些罢了Buteverywheretheincreasehasbeenundoubtedlyenormous.增長無疑是巨大的但无论在任何地方,增长无疑是巨大的Thefactissignificant.这一事实意义重大Towhatisitdue___会出现这种现象呢?InpartIsupposetoageneralincreaseinprosperity繁榮.我认为部分是由于普遍增长的繁荣Therichh__ealwayscultivatedtheirpersonalappearan__.有钱的人总是追求个人容貌的修饰,Thediffusion擴散ofwealth—suchasitis—nowpermitsthoseofthepoorwhoarelessbadlyoffthantheirfatherstodothesame.财富的扩散——尽管程度并不大,境况比其父辈稍好一些的__也能这样做Butthisisclearlynotthewholestory. 但显然这并非事情的全部Themoderncultofbeautyisnotexclusively不隻是afunctioninthe__the__ticalsenseofwealth.现代对美貌的狂热崇拜并不只是财富的作用(从数学意义上看),Ifitwerethenthepersonalappearan__industrieswouldh__ebeenashardlyhitbythetradedepressionasanyotherbusiness.因为如果是这样,那么美容用品业就会和其他企业一样受到贸易萧条的沉重打击Butasweh__eseentheyh__enotsuffered.但是正如我们所见,它并未受到损失Womenareretrenching緊縮onotherthingsthantheirfa__s.女人们在美容之外的一切方面紧缩开支,Thecultofbeautymustthereforebesympto__ticofchangesthath__etakenpla__outsidetheeconomicsphere因而对美貌的狂热崇拜必定表现了经济领域以外产生的变化.OfwhatchangesOfthechangesIsuggestinthestatusofwomen;ofthechangesinourattitudetowardsthemerelyphysical.單純是肉體的變化什么变化?我认为表现了妇女地位的变化,表现了我们对“单纯是肉体”的态度的变化Womenitisobviousarefreerthaninthepast.很显然,妇女比过去自由了,Freernotonlytoperformthegenerallyunenviablesocialfunctionshitherto迄今為止reserved保留tothe__le不仅在完成迄今为止由男性完成的并值得羡慕的社会职能上比较自由了,butalsofreertoexercisethemorepleasingfeminineprivilegeofbeingattractive.而且在运用更令人愉快的女性吸引力的特权上比较自由了Theyh__etherightifnottobelessvirtuousthantheirgrandmothersatanyratetolooklessvirtuous貞淑.如果她们没有权利不如祖母们贞淑,至少可以有权利看起来不那么贞淑TheBritish__tronnotlongsin__acreatureofaustere嚴峻andeventerrifyingaspect英国的命妇不久前还是神色严厉可怕的人物,nowdoesherbesttoachieveandperennially永久preserve保持theappearan__ofwhatherprede__ssor前輩wouldh__edescribedasaLostWo__n.Sheoftensuc__eds.现在也尽一切努力获得并常年保持她的前辈会称作为__的外表她们常能做到这点Butwearenotshocked—atanyratenotmorallyshocked.但我们并不感到震惊,至少在道德上没有震惊Aestheticallyshocked—yes;we__ysometimesbethat.Butmorallyno.审美上受到震惊——是的,有时是这样,但道德上没有Wecon__de讓步thatthe__tronismorallyjustified正當的inbeingpreoccupiedwithherpersonalappearan__.我们作出让步,承认命妇专注于个人容貌在道德上是正当的,Thiscon__ssion讓步dependsonanotherofamoregeneralnature—acon__ssiontotheBodywithalargeBtothe__nichaeanprincipleofevil这一让步是基于另一个性质更为一般的让步,即将带有大写B的肉体让与摩尼教中说的邪恶,Forweh__enowcometoadmitthatthebodyhasitsrights.因为我们现在已经承认了肉体具有自己的权利Andnotonlyrights—dutiesactuallyduties.Ithasforexampleadutytodothebestitcanforitselfinthewayofstrengthandbeauty.而且不仅是权利——还有责任,具体的责任例如它有责任在力与美方面尽其所能地使自己得到满足Christian-as__ticideasnolongertroubleus.___的禁欲主义不再令我们不安Wede__ndjusti__forthebodyaswellasforthesoul.我们要求灵魂以及肉体都能得到公正的对待Hen__amongotherthingsthefortunes__debyfa__-cream__nufacturersandbeauty-specialistsbythevendorsofrubberreducingbeltsand__ssage__chinesbythepatenteesofhair-lotionsandtheauthorsofbooksonthecultureoftheabdomen.腹部線條因此其结果之一便是雪花膏生产者和美容专家、橡胶减肥带及头油专利者和保持腹部线条指导书的__们大发其财Whatarethepracticalresultsofthismoderncultofbeauty ——现代对美貌的狂热崇拜造成的具体结果是什么?Theexercisesandthe__ssagethehealthmotorsandtheskinfoods—towhath__etheyled锻炼与__机和护肤用品——它们造成了什么结果?Arewomenmorebeautifulthantheywere女人们比过去漂亮了?Dotheygetsomethingfortheenormous大量expenditureofenergytimeandmoneyde__ndedofthembythebeauty-cult由于对美貌的崇拜使她们花去大量的精力、时间和金钱,她们从中获得了什么吗?Thesearequestionswhichitisdifficulttoanswer.Forthefactsseemtocontradictthemselves.这些都是很难回答的问题,因为事实似乎互相矛盾Thecampaignformorephysicalbeautyseemstobebothatremendoussuc__ss巨大的成功andalamentablefailure可悲的失敗Itdependsonhowyoulookattheresults.为取得更丰富的体貌美的运动似乎既是巨大的成功也是可悲的失败,看你如何看待Itisasuc__ssinsofarasmorewomenretaintheiryouthfulappearan__toagreateragethaninthepast.从更多的女人比过去更长久地保持年轻外貌这一点看,这是个成功Oldla___sarealreadybecomingrare.“老太太”已经很少见了Inafewyearswe__ywellbelievetheywillbeextinct絕跡.我们可以相信,几年后她将绝迹Whitehairandwrinklesabentbackandhollowcheekswillcometoberegardedasme___vally中世紀old-fashioned.满头白发、满脸皱纹、弯腰曲背、两颊深陷会被看作是中世纪般的过时Thecroneofthefuturewillbegoldencurly卷曲andcherry-lippedneatankled勻側andslender.未来的老太婆将有卷曲的金发,樱桃红唇,匀侧脚踝,苗条身材ThePortraitoftheArtistsMotherwillcometobealmostindistinguishable難以分辯atfuturepictureshowsfromthePortraitoftheArtistsDaughter.在未来的画展上,艺术家母亲的画像与其__的画像将变得几乎难以分辨,Thisdesirableconsum__tionwillbedueinpantoskinfoodsandinjectionsofparaffin-waxfacialsurgerymudbaths泥浴andpaintinparttoimprovedhealthdueinitsturntoamorerationalmodeoflife.这一令人满意的结果一部分是由于有了护肤品和使胸部丰满的石蜡,整形外科,泥浴,化妆品,另外也由于更合理的生活方式造成的健康状态的改善Uglinessisoneofthesymptomsofdiseasebeautyofhealth.丑陋是疾病的症状之一,美则是健康的象征Insofarasthecampaignformorebeautyisalsoacampaignformorehealthitisadmirableanduptoapointgenuinelysuc__ssful.争取更多美丽的运动就是争取更健康的运动,就这点而言,是值得赞许的,并且在一定程度上是真正获得了成功Beautythatismerelytheartificialshadowofthesesymptomsofhealthisintrinsicallyofpoorerqualitythanthegenuinearticle.模仿出来的象征健康的美本质上就比真货质量差,Stillitisasufficientlygoodimitation模仿tobesometimesmistakeablefortherealthing.然而模仿技术有时足以乱真Theapparatus器具formimicking模仿thesymptomsofhealthisnowwithinthereachofeverymoderatelyprosperousperson;以仿造健康状态的设备现在每一个中等富裕的人都可以买得起;theknowledgeofthewayinwhichrealhealthcanbeachievedisgrowingandwillintimenodoubtbeuniversallyactedupon.用有关真正健康方面的知识也在不断增加,且无疑终将被所有人采用Whenthathappymomentconieswilleverywo__nbebeautiful—asbeautifulatanyrateasthenaturalshapeofherfeatureswithorwithoutsurgicalandchemicalaidpermits当那个幸福时刻来临之时,是否每个女人都会很美丽——至少和她五官的自然形状在有或没有外科手术或化物品的帮助下同样美丽Theanswerisemphatically斷然的:No.Forrealbeautyisasmuchanaffairoftheinnerasoftheouterself.回答是断然的不是真正的美,内在与外表同样重要Thebeautyofapor__lainjar陶器罐isa__tterofshapeofcolourofsu_____texture.细瓷瓶美在外形、色彩、质地Thejar__ybeemptyortenantedbyspidersfullofhoneyorstinkingslime罐子可能是空的,也可能为蜘蛛盘踞,装满蜂蜜或又臭又粘的液体,—it__kesnodifferen__toitsbeautyorugliness.而这一切都不影响瓷瓶的美与丑Butawo__nisaliveandherbeautyisthereforenotskindeep.但人是活生生的,因而她的美不是表面的Thesu_____ofthehu__nvesselisaffectedbythenatureofitsspiritualcontents.人这种容器受其精神内涵的影响Ih__eseenwomenwhobythestandardsofaconnoisseurofpor__lain瓷器鉴赏家werer__ishinglylovely.我见过一些女人,如果用瓷器鉴赏家的标准来衡量,她们可爱得迷人Theirshapetheircolourtheirsu_____texturewereperfect.Andyettheywerenotbeautiful.她们的外形、色彩、表面质地都__无缺,然而她们却不美,Forthelovelyvasewaseitheremptyorfilledwithsomecorruption.因为这可爱的花瓶不是空空如也便是充满了某种腐朽,Spiritualemptinessoruglinessshowsthrough.精神空虚或灵魂丑恶透过外表显露出来Andconverselythereisaninteriorlight心靈的光芒thatcantransfigureformsthatthepureaestheticianwouldregardasimperfectordownrightugly.相反,有种心灵的光芒可以把纯唯美主义者们认为有缺陷或简直是___外形变得美好Therearenumerousformsofpsychologicalugliness.多种形式的心理丑陋,Thereisanuglinessofstupidityforexampleofunawarenessdistressinglycommonamongprettywomen.Anuglinessalsoofgreedoflasciviousness好色的of__ari__.还有贪心、__、贪婪无厌例如愚蠢、无自知之明(在漂亮女人中此现象普遍得令人苦恼),Allthedeadlysinsindeedh__etheirownpeculiar奇特的negationofbeauty.一切遭天谴的大罪都以其奇特的方式损坏美Ontheprettyfa__softhoseespeciallywhoaretryingtoh__eacontinuousgoodtime在那些漂亮的脸蛋上,特别是在那些企图不停“享乐”的人的脸蛋上,oneseesveryoftenakindofboredsullennessthatruins破壞alltheircharm.常常可以看到一种厌倦的、阴沉的神情,破坏了他们的容貌IrememberinparticulartwoyoungAmericangirlsIon__metinNorthAfrica.我特别记得我曾在北非遇见的两个年轻美国女郎Fromthepor__lainspecialistspointofviewtheywerebeautiful.从瓷器专家的观点来看,她们是美丽的,ButthesullenboredomofwhichIh__espokenwassodeeplystampedintotheirfreshfa__s但我上面谈到的那种阴沉厌倦的神情如此深深地刻在了她们年轻的脸上,theirgait步態andgestures姿態expressedsowearyalistlessnessthatitwasunbearabletolookatthem.她们的步伐和姿态表现出无聊与无精打采,真让人受不了Theseexquisitecreatureswerepositivelyrepulsive.这些精美的人物的确令人厌恶Stillcommonerandnolessrepellentisthehardnesswhichspoils損壞so__nyprettyfa__s.更为常见且同样使人反感的是损害了漂亮面孔的冷酷表情Oftenitistruethisairofhardnessisduenottopsychologicalcauses诚然,冷酷的表情有时不是出于心理原因,buttothecontemporary當代habitofover-painting.而是当今面部过度化妆的习惯引起的InPariswherethisover-paintingismostpronoun__d__nywomenh__e__asedtolookhu__natall.在过度化妆非常明显的巴黎,许多妇女已经根本不像人了Whitewashedandruddledtheyseemtobewearing__sks.刷白涂红以后,他们像戴上了面具Onemustlookcloselytodiscoverthesoftandlivingfa__beneath-你必须仔细看才能看出浓妆下柔软的有生命的面孔Butoftenthefa__isnotsoftoftenitturnsouttobeimperfectlyalive.但是那张脸常常并不柔软,常常会发现它不完全充满生命力,Thehardnessanddeadnessarefromwithin.那冷酷与木然是从内心发出的,Theyaretheoutwardandvisiblesignsofsomeemotionalorinstinctive本能的disharmony是某种感情或本能上存在的不和谐的外部迹象,ac__ptedasachronicconditionofbeing.被视作生存本身的慢性病疾WedonotneedaFreudianto____usthatthisdisharmony不調和isoftenofa___ualnature.不需任何弗洛伊德式的心理分析家来告诉我们,此种不和谐常常与性问题有关Solongassuchdisharmoniescontinuetoexistsolongasthereisgoodreasonforsullenboredomsolongashu__nbeingsallowthemselvestobepossessed惡夢中andhagriddenbymono__niacalvi__sthecultofbeautyisdestinedtobeineffectual.只要这种不和谐继续存在下去,只要有阴沉厌倦的理由,只要人允许自己沉溺于罪恶之中被其纠缠困扰,那么对美貌的狂热崇拜便注定会是徒劳的Suc__ssfulinprolongingtheappearan__ofyouthorrealizingorsimulatingthesymptomsofhealththecampaigninspiredbythiscultre__insfundamentallyafailure.这一崇拜所激起的这场运动虽能成功地延迟外貌的衰老或使人获得或模仿出象征健康的美来,但从根本上仍是失败的,Itsoperationsdonottouchthedeepestsour__ofbeauty—theexperiencingsoul.它的作用未能触及美的最深的源泉——__中的灵魂Itisnotbyimprovingskinfoodsandpointrollersbycheapeninghealthmotorsandelectricalhair-removersthatthehu__nra__willbe__debeautiful;人类不能通过改进护肤品和卷发器或通过降低健身机和电动除毛器的__使自己更美起来,itisnotevenbyimprovinghealth.甚至也不能通过增进健康来实现Allmenandwomenwillbebeautifulonlywhenthesocialarrangementsgivetoeveryoneofthemanopportunitytolivecompletelyandharmoniously所有男女只有在社会一切安排使他们每个人都能得到机会过完整和谐的生活时才能是美的,whenthereisnoenviro__entalin__ntiveandnohereditarytendency遺傳因素towardsmono__niacalvi__.只有在没有环境__、没有遗传因素使他们沉溺于罪恶之中时才能是美的Inotherwordsallmenandwomenwillneverbebeautiful.Buttheremighteasilybefeweruglyhu__nbeingsintheworldthanthereareatpresent.换言之,不会所有的男女都是美的,但是很可能世界上会比过去少些___人Wemustbecontentwithmoderatehopes.我们不能有过高的希望
1.辨析intrinsic/instinctiveintrinsic内在的,固有的e.g.intrinsicvalue内在的价值instinctive本能的,天性的e.g.instinctivebeh__ior本能行为
2.辨析comparative/comparablecomparative和其他比较而言的e.g.comparativeliterature比较文学comparable类似的,常跟with连用e.g.Aheartiscomparablewithapump.心脏类似水泵
3.behardlyoff意为“生活穷困”,与其相对的是bewelloff经济富裕e.g.IrememberthatwhenIwasachildmyfatherwasextremelywelloff.我记得小的时候我的父亲非常有钱
4.suchasitis3意为“虽然并不是怎么样的东西,虽然并无多大价值”e.g.Youcanusemycarsuchasitis.你可以用我的车,虽然并不是什么好车
5.turnouttobe意为“结果是……;证明是……”e.g.Thenoiseturnedouttobethedogscratchingatthedoor.那个声音证明是狗抓门
6.becontentwith意为“对……满意”,若表示“满足于做……”,用becontenttodoe.g.Heisnotcontentwithhiswork.他对他的工作不满意Shewascontentjusttositinfrontofthetelevisionallday.他只要天天坐在电视机前就心满意足了
7....thereisaninteriorlightthatcantransfigureformsthatthepureaestheticianswouldregardasimperfectordownrightugly.8本句中有两个定语从句,第一个从句中又含有另一个定语从句thatcantransfigureformsthatthepureaestheticianswouldregardasimperfectordownrightugly为light的定语从句,而thatthepureaestheticianswouldregardasimperfectordownrightugly为该从句中的forms的定语从句
8....theirgaitandgesturesexpressedsowearyalistlessnessthatitwasunbearabletolookatthem.8so用来表示程度的,结构为so+形容词+a+名词她那么漂亮以至于一见面他就爱上了她△Perhapsitwilltransformthemintothelikenessofthoser__ishingcrea—tures...transforminto changeinto变为eg1.Asteam-enginetransformsheatintoenergy.蒸汽机把热变成能2.Canyoutransformthisfive-yuannoteintofiveone-yuannotes你能把这五元钱换成五个一元的吗△Towhatisitduedueto attributedto由于eg1.Theaccidentwasduetohiscarelessdriving.事故起因于他驾驶疏忽2.Thefailureoftheexperimentwasduetohismistake.由于他的错误造成他们的试验失败△Wecon__dethatthe__tronismorallyjustifiedinbeingpreoccupiedwithherpersonalappearan__.bepreoccupiedwith takealltheattentionof全神贯注,盘据心头eg1.Theywerepreoccupiedwiththethoughtsofthecomingholiday.他们一心想着即将来临的假期2.Thestudentswerepreoccupiedwithhowtopasstheexam.学生们一心想着如何通过考试△Towhath__etheyledleadto h__easaresult导致eg1.AllroadsleadtoRome.条条大路通罗马2.Whathehadsaidledtoagreatconfusion.他的话引起一片混乱△Abentbackandhollowcheekswillcometoberegardedasme___vallyold-fashioned.regardas consider认为,把……看作eg1.TheyallregardedhimastheheroOfthecountry.他们都把他视为国家的英雄2.__okinganddrinkingareregardedasthebadhabits.抽烟、喝酒被视作不良习惯△inparttoimprovedhealthinpart insomedegree.某种程度,部分eg1.Thearticlerunsinpartasfollows.文章部分内容如下2.Shelooksinpartlikehergrandmother.她有几分像她的祖母△Theapparatusformimickingthesymptomsofhealthisnowwithintherelichofeverymoderatelyprosperousperson.withinthereachof extenttowhichahandcanbereachedout在……范围内eg1.I’dliketoh__emybookswithinmyreach.我喜欢把书放在我伸手可取的地方2.Toam___iswithinthereachofBei___g天津离北京很近beyond/outofteach在……范围之外eg1.PleasekeepthemedicineoutOfreachOfthechildren.请把药放在孩子够不到的地方2.Youthrewtheballtoofar.Itwasbeyondmyreach.你把球扔得太远,我接不到△beuniversallyacteduponactupon dowhatissuggested,h__eaneffecton听从建议,有效.eg1.Theyacteduponouradvi__.他们听从了我们的建议2.Thiskindofmedicineacteduponthedisease.这种药对病有效△It__kesnodifferen__toitsbeautyorugliness.__kenodifferen__beofnoimportan__没有区别eg1.Itwill__kenodifferen__whetherthemeetingwillbeheldtodayortomorrow.今天开会或明天开会没多大关系2.Itmight__kenodifferen__toyou,butitwasveryimportantforme.这对你可能投多大关系,但对我很重要△Oftenitturnsouttobeimperfectlyalive.turnout provetobe证实eg1.Everythingturnsouttobesatisfactory.一切令人满意
2.Itturnedouttoraintoday.今天下雨了△Thecultofbeautyisdestinedtobeineffectual.bedestinedtodosth.注定eg1.Theyweredestinedtomeetagain他们命中注定会再见面2.Hewasdestinedtojointhearmy.他注定要参军△Wemustbecontentwithmoderatehopes.becontentwith satisfiedwithwhatonehas满足,满意eg1.Areyoucontentwithyourpresent1ife你对现在的生活满意吗2.Sheisnotcontentwithherpresentjob.她对现在的工作不满意Lesson16:AJobInterview面试Theseniorpartnerstu___dtheresume簡歷forthehundredthtimeandagainfoundnothinghedislikedaboutMitchellY.McDeereatleastnotonpaper.当这位资深的合伙人第100次研究米切尔Y麦克迪尔的简历时,还是找不到任何不满意的地方,至少从书面上没有发现Hehadthebrainstheambitionthegoodlooks.他有头脑,有野心,而且一表人才Andhewashungry;withhisbackgroundhehadtobe.他非常需要钱从背景情况看,他一定是这样Hewas__rriedandthatwas__ndatory必須的.他已经结婚了,这也是公司需要的Thefirmalsofrownedhe__ilyondivor__aswellaswo__nizinganddrinking.公司对离婚、玩弄女人和酗酒非常反感Drugtestingwasinthecontract.吸毒药检也在合同之列Hehadadegreeinaccountingandwantedtobeataxlawyerwhichwasofcoursearequirementwithataxfirm.他有会计学的学位,而且他想成为一名税务律师这当然是税务公司所要求的Hewaswhiteandthefirmhadneverhiredablack.Hewas__leandtherewerenowomeninthefirm.他是白人,公司从未雇佣过黑人他是男性,公司里没有女士Helookedgoodonpaper.Hewastheirtopandonlychoi__forthisyear.从书面上看他很出色他是他们这一年最好的而且是惟一的选择The__nagingpartnerRoy__McKnightstu___dadossier檔案labeled“MitchellY.McDeere—Harvard.业务主管罗伊斯麦克耐特,仔细研究了标有“米切尔Y麦克迪尔—哈佛”的档案Ithadbeenpreparedbysomeex-CIAagentsinaprivatein____igen__outfit.这是由在一家私人情报机构的工作的特工提供的TheylearnedamongotherthingsthathewasholdingthreejobofferstwoinNewYorkandoneinChicago.其中他们还了解到他有三份工作,两份在纽约,一份在芝加哥Hewasinde__nd.Alsoheowedcloseto$23000instudentloans.Hewashungry.他很抢手他还欠将近23000美元的低息助学贷款他非常需要钱McKnight__iled.McDeerewastheir__n.罗伊斯麦克耐特露出了微笑麦克迪尔就是他们需要的人La__rQuinwasthirty-twoandnotyetapartner.拉马尔奎恩32岁,还不是合伙人Hehadbeenbroughtalongtolookyoungandactyoung朝气蓬勃andprojectayouthfuli__geforBendiniLambertLockewhichinfactwasayoungfirmsin__mostofthepartnersretiredintheirlatefortiesorearlyfiftieswithmoneytoburn. 他长得很年轻,朝气蓬勃,而且为本迪尼、兰伯特和洛克事务所设计了一个充满青春气息的形象,事实上它也的确是一个年轻的事务所,因为大多数合伙人在近50岁或50岁出头时就带着用不完的钱退休了Preciselyattwo-thirtysomeoneknockedonthedoor.La__ropenedthedoor.两点半的时候,有人敲门拉马尔开了门,MitchellMcDeereheaskedwithahuge__ileandahandthrustforward.“是米切尔麦克迪尔吗?”他一只手向前伸,满面春风地问道Yes.Theyshookhandsviolently-“是的”他们热烈地握手Ni__tomeetyouMitchell.ImLa__rQuin. “见到你很高兴,米歇尔我是拉马尔奎恩”.Mypleasure.PleasecallmeMitch.Hesteppedinside.“见到你我也很高兴请叫我米切尔”他上前一步SureMitch.La__rgrabbedhisshoulderandledhimacrossthespaciousroom“好的,米切尔”拉马尔抓住他的肩膀,把他让进__的一角,wherethepartnersintrodu__dthemselves.在那儿,合伙人们做了自我介绍Theywereex__edinglywarmandcordial真誠.他们非常热情真诚McDeerewasnowaseasonedveteraninthesearchofemployment.麦克迪尔现在成了找工作的老手Herelaxed.Withthreejoboffersfromthreeofthemostprestigious有聲望的firmsinthecountryhedidnotneedthisinterviewthisfirm.他很放松有了由3个全国最有声望的公司提供的工作,他根本就不需要来参加这次面试,来这家事务所Hewasthereoutofcuriosity好奇心的.Andhelongedforwarmerweather.他来完全是出于好奇,而且他喜欢一个更温暖的地方“Areyoutiredofinterviewing”askedOliverLamberttheseniorpartnerwhowasinchargeoftherecruiting.新兵“你是不是对面试感到厌倦了?”奥利佛兰伯特问道,他是负责招聘的一个资深合伙人Notreally.Itspartofit.“不是它是其中的一部分”Yesyestheyallagreed.他们一致赞同__y1askaquestionMitchasked.“我能问一个问题吗?”米切尔问道__rtainly.“当然”WhyareweinterviewinginthishotelroomTheotherfirmsinterviewoncampusthroughthepla__mentoffi__.“___我们在饭店里面试?其他公司都是在学校里进行”GoodquestionMitchsaidRoy__McKnightthe__nagingpartner.“这个问题提得好,米切尔,”负责管理的合伙人罗伊斯麦克耐特说道Youmustunderstandourfirm.Wearedifferentandwetakeprideinthat.“你必须理解我们的事务所我们与众不同,并且以此为荣Weh__eforty-onelawyerssoweare__allcomparedwithotherfirms.我们有41位律师,因此和其他公司相比我们很小Wedonthiretoo__nypeople;aboutoneeveryotheryear.我们不雇佣过多的人,每隔两年招聘一个Weofferthehighestsalaryandfringes附加福利inthecountry我们提供全国最高的工资和附加福利,andImnotexaggerating夸大.Soweareveryselective.___夸大其词所以我们很挑剔,Weselectedyou.Theletteryoure__ivedlastmonthwassentafterwescreenedover篩選twothousandthird-yearstudentsatthebestschools.我们选择了你你上个月收到的那封信是我们通过在最好的学校里对2000多名学生进行筛选后寄出的Onlyoneletterwassent.Wedontadvertiseopeningsandwedontsolicitapplications.只发了___我们不登招聘__来让人们应聘Wekeepalowprofileandwedothingsdifferently.Thaisourexplanation.我们总是低调处理并且做事与众不同这就是我们的解释”Fairenough.Whatkindoffirmisit“很好这是一个什么样的事务所呢?”Tax.Somesecurities股票realestate房地產andbankingbuteightyper__ntistaxwork.ThatswhywewantedtomeetyouMitch.Youh__eanincrediblystrongtaxbackground.“税务有一些股票、房__和银行业务,但80%是税务工作这就是我们想见你的原因米切尔,你有非常好的税务方面的背景”WhydyougotoWesternKentuckyaskedOliverLambert.“你___想去肯塔基大学呢?”奥利佛兰伯特问道______.Theyofferedmeafullscholarshiptoplayfootball.Haditnotbeenforthatcollegewouldvebeenimpossible.“很简单他们为我打橄榄球提供全额奖学金如果不是因为这个原因,我是不可能去这个学校的”MitchourfirmisinMemphisLa__rsaid.Doesthatbotheryou”“米切尔,我们的事务所在孟斐斯,”拉马尔说道,“你不会介意吧?”Notatall.Imnotfondofcoldweather. “不介意我不喜欢寒冷的天气”H__eyoueverbeentoMemphis“你去过孟斐斯吗?” No.“没有”Wellh__eyoudownsoon.Youllloveit.“我们不久就会让你去那里你一定会喜欢那里的”Mitch__iledandnoddedandplayedalong.WeretheseguysseriousHowcouldheconsidersucha__allfirminsucha__alltownwhenWallStreetwaswaiting米切尔微笑着点点头,装出同意的样子这些人是认真的吗?有华尔街的工作正等着去,他怎么会考虑到这个小镇上的这么小的事务所来工作呢?HowareyourankedinyourclassMr.Lambertasked.“你在你们班里是第几名?”兰伯特先生问道Topfive.Nottopfiveper__ntbuttopfive.Thaiwasenoughofananswerforallofthem.Topfiveoutofthreehundred.“前5名不是前5%而是前5名”这已经足以回答他们的问题300个人中的前5名WhydidyouselectHarvard “你___选择哈佛大学?”ActuallyHarvardselectedme.Iappliedatseveralschoolsandwasac__ptedeverywhere.Harvardofferedmorefinancialassistan__.Ithoughtilwasthebestschool.Stilldo.“实际上是哈佛选择了我我申请了几所学校,而且都被录取了哈佛提供的资助较多我当时觉得这是一所最好的学校,现在我仍然这样认为”You__deextremelyhighgradesinyourtaxandsecurities“你的税务和有价证券的成绩相当高”Thaiswheremyinterestlies.“那是我的兴趣所在”NowMitch____usaboutyourwifeRoy__McKnightsaid.Itwasastandardnonsacredareaexploredbyeveryfirm.“好的,米切尔,谈谈你妻子吧”罗伊斯麦克耐特说道这是每个公司都要问及的一个普遍问题HernameisAbby.ShehasadegreeinelementaryeducationfromWesternKentucky.ForthepastthreeyearsshestaughtataprivatekindergartennearBostonCollege.“她叫阿比在西肯塔基大学获得了初等教育专业学位最近三年她一直在波士顿大学附近的一所私立幼儿园任教”Andisthe__rriage— “你们的婚姻?”Wereveryhappy.Weveknowneachothersin__highschool. “我们很幸福我们从高中就认识了”Idonti__gineWesternKentuckyismuchofanacademicschool“我觉得西肯塔基大学不是什么学术水平很高的学校”La__rblurtedwithastupidgrinandimmediatelywishedhecouldtakeitback. 马尔奎恩笑着脱口而出,但他马上就后悔了 SortoflikeKansasStateMitchreplied.Allthethreepeoplefrozeandforafewsecondsstaredincredulously難以置信ateachother.“有点像堪萨斯大学,”米切尔回答道,三个人都惊呆了,用难以置信的目光相互对视了一会儿ThisguyMcDeereknewLa__rQuinwenttoKansasState.HehadnevermetLa__rQuinandhadnoideawhowouldappearonbehalfofthefirmandconducttheinterview. 麦克迪尔这家伙知道拉马尔奎恩曾在堪萨斯大学上学他与拉马尔奎恩从未谋面,而且并不知道谁将代表事务所来面试Yetheknew.Hehadcheckedthemout.Hehadreadthebiographicalsketchesofalloftheforty-onelawyersinthefirmandinasplitsecondhehadrecalledthatLa__rQuinhadgonetoKansasState.Theywereimpressed.然而,他知道他查出来了他阅读了有关该事务所所有41名律师的介绍,而且能在一瞬间回忆起拉马尔奎恩曾在堪萨斯大学读过书这点给他们留下了深刻的印象IguessthatcameoutwrongLa__rapologized.“我不该这么说,”拉马尔表示道歉NoproblemMitch__iledwarmly.Itwasforgotten.“没问题,”米切尔热情地微笑着,他已经不介意了OliverLambertclearedhisthroatand.decidedtogetpersonalagain.奥利佛兰伯特清了清嗓子,决定亲自出马了Mitchourfirmfrownsondrinkingandchasingwomen.Weputbusinessaheadofeverything.Wekeeplowprofilesandweworkveryhard.Andwe__keplentyofmoney.“米切尔,我们事务所__酗酒和玩女人 我们把业务放在一切之首我们采取低姿态,但工作很努力而且我们赚的钱很多”Icanlivewithail-that.“我可以接受这些”Wereservetherighttotestanymemberofthefirmfordrug“我们保留事务所对任何成员进行吸毒的药检权”Idontusedrugs.“我不吸毒”Good.Thereasonwhyweaskthesequestionsisbecausewewantstablefamilies.Happylawyersareproductivelawyers.“好的,我们之所以问这些问题是因为我们需要稳定的家庭,幸福的律师是能干的”Milch__iledandnodded.Hehadheardthisbefore. 米切尔微笑着点点头他以前听过这话Thethreelookedat:eachotherthenatMitch.三个人互相看了看,又看了看米切尔Thismeanttheyhadreachedthepointintheinterviewwheretheintervieweewassupposedtoaskoneortwoin____igentquestions.这表明他们已经到了面试中问一两个更高层次问题的阶段了Mitchcrossedhislegs.Moneythatwasthebigquestionparticularlyhowitcomparedtohisotheroffers.米切尔把一条腿搭在另一条腿上钱,这是一个最大的问题,特别是与其他所提供的工作情况相比Butheknewlikealltheotherfirmstheyhadtoshadowbox避免aroundtheissueuntilthingsgotawkwardanditwasapparenttheyhaddiscussedeverythingintheworldbutmoney.但他明白他们也像其他公司一样避免直接谈及这个问题,直到事态变得很尴尬而且很明显除了钱不再有其他任何可谈的Sohitthemwithasoftquestionfirst.因此他提出一個委婉的問題先問他Whattypeofworkwill1doinitially“我开始要做什么工作?”Theynoddedandapprovedofthequestion.LambertandMcknightlookedatLa__r.Thisanswerwashis.他们点点头,对这个问题表示认可兰伯特和麦克耐特看着拉马尔这是他回答的问题 Weh__esomethingsimilartoatwo-yearapprenti__shipalthoughwedontcallitthat.“我们有两年的类似实习的时间,但我们不把它叫做实习期Wellsendyoualloverthecountrytotaxseminars研討會.我们会派你去参加在全国各地__的税务研讨会Ifyouwanttopursuea__stersintaxationwellpayforit.如果你要继续攻读税务方面的硕士学位,我们会支付这笔费用Asfaraspracticinglawitwontbeveryexcitingforthefirsttwoyears.Youlldoalotofresearchandgenerallyboringstuff.Buiyoullbepaidhandsomely.至于从事律师业务,开始两年不会令人兴奋你要做很多研究和一些令人乏味的事情,但是工资会很高”Howmuch “多少?”La__rlookedatRoy__McKnightwhoeyedMitchandsaidWelldiscussthecompensationandotherbenefitswhenyoucometoMemphis.拉马尔看了看正盯着米切尔的罗伊斯麦克耐特说道,“你来孟斐斯的时候我们再谈工资待遇和其他附加福利”IwantafigureorI__ynotcometoMemphis.He__iledarrogant傲慢butcordial真誠.Hespokelikea__nwiththreejoboffers.“我想知道一个数字,不然我可能不会去孟斐斯”他傲慢而真诚地微笑着,讲话时就像一个有三份工作的人一样ThepartnerslookateachotherandMr.Lambertspokefirst.Okay.Abasesalaryofeightythousandthefirstyearplusbonuses.Eighty-fivethesecondyearplusbonuses.Alow-interestmortgage抵押贷款soyoucanbuyahome.Twocountryclubmemberships.AndanewBMW.Youpickthecolorofcourse.合伙人们相互对视了一下,兰伯特先生先开口了“好吧第一年的基本工资是8万,外加奖金第二年是8万5,外加奖金低息的抵押贷款以便你可以__子两个乡村俱乐部的会员身份和一辆新宝马,颜色当然你可以自己选” Thatsincredible簡直不可思議的hemumbled.“简直____,”他小声说道PlusafewfringeswellbegladtodiscussinMemphis.“还有一些附加福利,我们希望到孟斐斯时再谈”SuddenlyhehadastrongdesiretovisitMemphis.Wasntitbytheriver他突然之间萌发了去孟斐斯的强烈的愿望它是不是靠近河边呢?The__ilevanished消失andheregainedhiscomposure.泰然自菪____meaboutyourfirm.” 笑容从他的脸上消失了,他又恢复了泰然自若的样子“请你说说事务所的情况”Forty-onelawyers.Lastyearweearnedmoreperlawyerthananyfirmoursizeorlarger.Thatincludeseverybigfirminthecountry. “41名律师去年我们每位律师挣的钱超过了所有和我们规模相当或规模大于我们的事务所其中包括全国的所有大公司Wetakeonlyrichclients顧客—corporationsbanksandwealthypeoplewhopayourhealthyfeesandnevercomplain.我们只接受有钱的客户——大公司、银行和巨富,他们为我们付医疗费却从不抱怨Wevedevelopedaspecialty專業ininternationaltaxationanditsbothexcitingandveryprofitable.Wedealonlywithpeoplewhopay.我们已经成形成专业的国际税务,而且既__又有利可图我们只和付钱的人打交道”Howlongdoesittaketo__kepartner“需要多长时间才能成为合伙人?”Onthe__eragetenyearsanditsahardtenyears.Itsnotunusualforourpartnerstoearnhalfamillionayearandmostretirebeforetheyarefifty.“平均10年这是非常艰苦的10年对于我们的合伙人每年赚50万是司空见惯的,而且他们绝大多数在50岁以前就退休Youvegottopayyourduesputineighty-hourweeksbutitsworthitwhenyou__kepartner.你必须付‘会费’,每周工作80小时,但当你成为合伙人时,是很值得的”How__nypartnersarethereinthefirm “事务所有多少合伙人?”Twentyactive.Wetrytokeeparatioofonepartnerforeachassociate.Thatshighfortheindustrybutwelikeit.Againwedothingsdifferently. “20个,现有的我们要为每个同事留一个合伙人的比率这在这行里是很高的,但是我们喜欢而且,我们做事与众不同”Allofourpartnersaremultimillionairesbytheageofforty-fiveRoy__McKnightsaid.“我们所有的合伙人在45岁的时候都成了大富翁”罗伊斯麦克耐特说道Allofthem“所有的人?”Yessir.Wedontguaranteeitbutifyoujoinourfirmputintenhardyears__kepartnerandputintenmoreyearsandyourenotamillionaireattheageofforty-fiveyoullbethefirstin “是的,先生我们不做保证,但如果你加入我们的事务所,努力工作10年,成为合伙人后再花10年的时间,那么在45岁时,你不是百万富翁,20年后你将成为第一号Thatsanimpressivestatistic.“这真是个吸引人的数字”ItsanimpressivefirmMitchOliverLambertsaid“这是个吸引人的事务所,米切尔,”奥利佛兰伯特说道,andwereveryproudofit.Weare__allandwetakecareofeachother.Wereverycarefulwhomwehireandourgoalisforeachnewassociatetobecomeapartnerassoonaspossible.“而且我们引以为荣我们的事务所很小,所以我们互相关照我们雇佣人员非常慎重,我们对每一位新同事的目标就是使他们尽快成为合伙人,Itisarareextremelyrareoccasionwhenalawyerle__esourfirm.Itissimplyunheardof.很少有律师离开事务所,这种情况我们根本没听说过Wewantourpeoplehappy.Wethinkitisthemostprofitablewaytooperate.我们希望我们的员工幸福,我们觉得这是最能获益的运作方式”Theywatchedhimcarefullylo__kesureallofthissankin.他们仔细地观察着他,确定他明白了所讲的一切Theyexplainedasbesttheycouldfornow.Furtherexplanationwouldcomelater.到目前为止,他们已尽了全力来作出解释,过后还会更进一步解释WouldyouliketocometovisitusaskedOliverLambert.“你想来看看我们的事务所吗?”奥利佛兰伯特问道WhenaskedMitchdreamingofablack318iwithasunroof.“什么时候?”米切尔问道,此时他正在想像着带遮阳罩的318i型黑色汽车了
1.inchargeof看管,主管e.g.Anexperien__dworkerisinchargeofthisproject.一位富有经验的工人负责这项工作
2.辨析playdown/playalongplaydown缩小(作用),贬低e.g.Heg__eallthecredittohiscolleaguesandplayeddownhisownpartinthisdiscovery.他将所有的成就都归功于同事,对自己在发现中的作用说得很轻而playalong意思为“姑且与……合作,装出同意的样子”,常与with搭配e.g.playalongwiththeplot.假装同意参与阴谋
3.sinkin被完全理解,深深印入脑中e.g.Ithinkthelessonhassunkinhewouldnot__kethesamemistakeagain.我相信他已吸取了教训,不会再犯同样的错误此外sinkin还有陷下去的意思e.g.Hiseyesh__esunkin.他的眼窝深陷
4.onbehalfof代表……,为了e.g.Thelawyerspokeonbehalfofherclient.律师代表当事人说话
5.辨析compare...with/compare...tocompare...with意思为“把……与……相比”,而compare...to意思为“把……比做…”e.g.compareLondonwithShanghai把伦敦和__相比较;compareLondontoShanghai把伦敦比做__
6.takepridein意思为“引以为荣,对……感到自豪”e.g.Hetookagreatprideinbeingastudentoftheuniversity.他以身为那所大学的学生而深感自豪
7.Itisnotunusualforourpartnerstoearnhalfamillonayearandmostretirebeforetheyarefifty.63it在句中为形式主语,真正的主语是toearnhalfamillionayearandmostretirebeforetheyarefiftyitis+adj+for__todosth.是常用句型,意思为“对某人来说做某事怎样”△Thefirmalsofrownhe__ilyondivor__frownon disapproveof__eg1.GamblinganddrugtakingareVerymuchfrownedonhere.此地十分__赌博和吸毒2.The__nagerfrownedontheirplanalthoughitwasveryreason-able.尽管他们的计划十分合理,但经理不赞成△Hewasinde__nd.inde__nd wanted,popular需求,受欢迎eg1.Therecordsofthefamoussingersareinconstantde__nd.著名歌星的唱片一直很畅销2.Thiskindofmedicineisinurgentde__ndinthishospital.这家医院急需这种药△Alsoheowedcloseto$23,000instudentloans.owesth.to__.beindebtto__.indebtedtoasthesour__of欠某人……eg1.Heowedahundredyuantohisfriend.他欠他朋友一百元钱2.Sheoweshersuc__sstoherteacher.她把她的成功归于她的老师△McDeerewasnowaseasonedveteraninthesearchofemployment.insearchof lookingfor搜寻,寻找eg1.Thevillagerswenteverywhereinsearchofthemissingchildren.村民到处寻找失踪的小孩2.Thepoli__menstoppedtheshipinsearchofcontraband.__让船停止,搜查___△Andhelongedforwarmerweatherlongfor desireearnestly渴望eg1.Thechildrenarelongingfortheholiday.孩子们渴望假期的到来2.Everyonelongedforhimto__kethefinaldecision.每个人都渴望他做最后的决定△Areyou“tiredofinterviewingbetiredof beexhaustedwith厌倦eg1.Theau___n__aretiredofthelonglecture.听众厌倦了冗长的演说2.Iamtiredofdoingthesamethingseveryday.我厌倦了每天做同样的事情△Wearedifferent,andwetakePrideinthat.takepridein__./sth.beproudof__.orsth对……感到自豪eg1.Theparentsalwaystakeprideintheachievementsoftheirchil—dren.家长总是对孩子所取得的成绩感到自豪2.Theteachertookprideinthestudentbecauseshewonthefirstprizeofthecompositioncontest.老师对他的学生感到自豪,因为她获得了作文竞赛一等奖△Soweare__allcomparedwithotherfirms.comparewith examine,judge与...相比eg1.Comparingwithyourtranslation,Ih__etorewritemine.与你的翻译相比,我不得不重写我的2.Comparedwithothershirts,thisoneismoreexpensivebutofgoodquality.,与其他衬衣相比,这一件贵一些,但质量好△HehadnevermetLa__rQuinandhadnoideawhowouldappearonbe-halfofthefirmandconducttheinterview.onbehalfof astherepresentativeOf代表eg1.Icametothemeetingonbehalfofmycolleagues.我代表我的同事来参加会议2.Onbehalfofthefactory,hecametosigncontractwithus.他作为工厂的代表来与我们签订合同△Icanlivewithallthat.livewith ac__ptandendure忍受eg1.Idon’t1ikethenoisehere,butlcanlivewithitnow.我不喜欢这儿的噪音,但现在我能忍受了2.Canyoulivewiththehumidcli__tehere你能忍受这潮湿的气候吗△Theynoddedandapprovedofthequestion.approveof agree,giveapprovalof赞同,批准eg1.Theschoolapprovedofherapplicationforstudyingab__d.学校批准了她出国学习的申请2.Mostofthecongressmembersapprovedofthisbill.大多数国会议员赞同这项议案△Weh__esomethingsimilartoatwo-yearapprenti__ship,similarto like,ofthesamesort相似eg1.Myattitudetowardslifeissimilartoyours.我对生活的态度与你的很相似2.Isgoldsimilartobrassincolour金子和黄铜的颜色很相似吗△Wedealonlywithpeoplewhopaydealwith dobusiness,h__erelationwith做生意,解决,处理eg1.Didyourcompanydealwithforeignfirms你们公司与外国公司有生意往来吗2.Howdidyoudealwiththatdifficultproblem你是怎样解决那个难题的△Theywatchedhimcarefullyto__kesureallofthissunkin.sinkin godowndeep深入eg1.Thewarningsoftheteacherandtheparentsh__esunkinhismind.他已经把老师和父母的警告铭记在心2.Hastherainwatersunkintheground雨水渗入地下了吗△.dreamingofablack318iWithasunroof.dreamof seeinadream,i__gine,suppose梦到,想象eg1.Heoftendreamsofsailingonthesea.他经常梦见在海上航行2.Aftershewentabroad,shealwaysdreamedofhome.她出国后总是梦到家。