还剩4页未读,继续阅读
文本内容:
虚拟语气SubjunctiveMood一分类1在英语中有三种语气,陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气2虚拟语气表示说话的人的一种愿望、意见、命令、要求,有时候是一种非真实的假设、料想或者是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望
二、形式虚拟语气经常用在if引导的条件状语从句中,在条件句中做出和事实不相符的一种假设a.和现在事实相反的假设如IfIwereyouIwouldstudyhard.Ifhehadenoughmoneyhewouldbuyacomputer.b.和过去事实相反的假设女口:Ifyouhadcomefiveminutesearlieryouwouldhavemethim.Iftheyhadbeentreatedintimetheywouldnothavedied.c.和将来事实相反的假设如:IfIweretodoitIwoulddoitinanotherday.Ifitrainedtomorrowwewouldntbeabletogoonpicnic.d.混合条件句混合条件句是指条件句是对过去事实相反的假设,而主句则表示现在的某种情况
三、注意点如果从句中有werehad或者should时,则可以省略if并将werehad或者should提前至句首,构成部分倒装但如果是否定句,则否定词not不提前如:WereItobeyoungagainIwouldstudymedicine.=IfIweretobeyoungagainIwouldstudymedicine.Hadyounotleftsoearlyyoumighthavemissedthetrain.=Ifyouhadnotleftsoearlyyoumighthavemissedthetrain.用介词短语代替条件状语从句,常用的介词有withwithoutbutfor.如:Withoutyourhelpwecouldnthavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.=Butforyourhelpwecouldnthavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.=Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelpwecouldnthavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.=Haditnotbeenforyourhelpwecouldnthavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.在句中出现了表示转折的连词,如ororelseotherwise等,如果句意和事实不符也要用虚拟语气如:Youdidwhatyouwereaskedtootherwiseyouwouldhavebeenpunished.如果句子中有短语forfearthatlestincase时,要用should+动词原形来表示虚拟,should可以省略出口:Heisworkinghardforfearthathefail.如果句子前半部分是虚拟,句中出现了but后面句子则不用虚拟语气如:IwouldhavecomeearlierbutIdidntknowthatyouwerewaitingfbrme.Thehousewouldhavebeenburntdownbutthefirefightersarrivedintime.
四、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用
1.虚拟语气用在宾语从句中a.虚拟语气用在宾语从句中,不表示“和事实相反的假设”而表示说话者的一种意愿、决心、要求、命令和建议“
一、
二、
三、四一坚持insist二命令ordercommand三建彳义advisesuggestpropose四要求askrequirerequestdemand虚拟形式在从句谓语动词前加shouldshould可以省略MyteachersuggestedthatI(should)spendmoretimelearningEnglish.Thesmileonherfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemonry.b.在wouldrather后的宾语从句中也要用虚拟语气Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.Iwouldrathertheydidnthearofthenews.c.wish后的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气,表示一种不可能实现的愿望IwishIwereaflyingbirdandcouldflyfreelyinthesky.IwishIhadmetthatfilmstaryesterday.HowIwishitwouldbefinetomorrow!注意howIwish...=ifonly(要是就好了),虚拟和wish虚拟用法一致虚拟语气用在主语从句中Itis/was+adj.+that+主语+shoulddo(should可以省略)adj:advisabledesirableimpossiblenormalnecessarypossible...Itisnaturalthathe(should)thinkso.Itwasnecessarythattheplanshouldbeplannedcarefully.Itis/was+n.+that+主语+shoulddo(should可以省略)表示“惊奇、怀疑、遗憾”等意义的名词词组,如:afactagoodthingapityashameawonder...表示“请求、命令、建议、决心等意义的名词,如advicedemanddecisionorderproposalrequirementsuggestion...Itisapitysheshouldsayso.Itwasherorderthatthemattershouldbediscussed.Itis/was+过去分词+that+主语^shoulddo(should可以省略)用在该句型中的动词过去分词表示“请求、命令、建议”等ItisrequestedthatMissLishouldgiveaperformanceattheparty.
④Itis(high)timethat+主语+did/shoulddoshould不可以省略到做.....・的时间了.虚拟语气用在表语从句中用在adviseideaorderplansuggestiondemandproposal等后面的表语从句,需用shoulddo”构成谓语,should可以省略WhatIsuggestisthatweshouldstarttheworkatonce.Hisorderisthatthemeetingshouldbecalledoff..虚拟语气用在同位语从句中当demandinsistdecidedeterminerecommendsuggest这些动词的名词形式后跟同位语从句时,要用虚拟语气,用shoulddo表示虚拟Notallofthemagreedtomysuggestionthatmoremoneyshouldbegiventothem.Hisrequestthatheshouldbegivenarisewasturneddownatthemeeting.虚拟语气用在目的状语从句中inorderthatsothat…用情态动词IgotupearlythismorningsothatIcouldcatchthebustoBoston.在asifasthough引导的方式状语从句中asifasthough引导的状语从句是否用虚拟取决于从句所描绘的情况,如果情况与事实相符就可以不用虚拟,否则就要用虚拟语气Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.Sheactedasifnothinghadhappened.对将来的虚拟asif/asthough+主语+would/could/should/might+do(动词原形)Itlooksasiftheoldmancouldliveanother10years.对现在的虚拟asif/asthough+主语+did(动词过去式)Theoldmanislyingonthegroundasifheweredead.asif/asthough+主语+weredoing(对现在进行虚拟)Theyranasfastastheycouldasifaghostwerechasingthem.asif7asthough+主语+haddone(对过去事实的虚拟)Heateasifhehadnthadamealforyears.同步练习Theyhavearrivedatlunchtimebuttheirflightwasdelayed.A.willB.canC.mustD.shouldWherearethechildrenThedinnersgoingtobecompletelyruined.1wishtheyalwayslate.A.werentB.hadntbeenC.wouldntbeD.wouldnthavebeenMaybeifIscienceandnotliteraturethenIwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.A.studiedB.wouldstudyC.hadstudiedD.wasstudyingsoonerbutIdidntknowthattheywerewaitingforme.A.hadcomeB.wascomingC.wouldcomeD.wouldhavecome1leftmyhandbagonthetrainbutluckilysomeonegaveittoarailwayofficial.Howunbelievabletogetitback!Imeansomeoneit.A.willhavestolenB.mighthavestolenC.shouldhavestolenD.musthavestolenPityyoumissedthelectureonnuclearpollution.1itbutIwasbusypreparingforajobinterview.A.attendedB.hadattendedC.wouldsttendD.wouldhaveattendedthroughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.A.couldnthavegoneB.didntgoC.wouldntgoD.hadntgoneItbethepostmanatthedoor.Itsonlysixoclock.A.mustntB.cantC.wontD.needntWeJohnsnameontheracelistyesterdaybutfbrhisrecentinjury.A.willputB.willhaveputC.wouldputD.wouldhaveput・-・SorryProfessorSmith.Ididntfinishtheassignmentyesterday.■■-Ohyouhavedoneitasyesterdaywasthedeadline.A.mustB.mustntC.shouldD.shouldntBobwouldhavehelpedusyesterdaybuthe-A.wasbusyB.isbusyC.hadbeenbusy.D.willbebusyIfhemyadvicehewouldnthavelosthisjob.A.followedB.shouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.wouldfollowJohnwenttothehospitalalone.IfhemeaboutitIwouldhavegonewithhim.A.shouldtellB.tellsC.toldD.hadtoldGeorgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountrybutIdratherhemoreonitsculture.A.focusB.focusedC.wouldfocusD.hadfocusedIfwetheotherroadwemighthavearrivedhereintimeforthemeeting.A.takeB.hadtakenC.tookD.havetaken—Theweatherhasbeenveryhotanddry.—Yes.Ifithadrainedevenadropthingswouldbemuchbetternow!Andmyvegetables_.A.wouldntdieB.didntdieC.hadntdiedD.wouldnthavediedHadIknownaboutthiscomputerprogramahugeamountoftimeandenergy.A.wouldhavebeensavedB.hadbeensavedC.willbesavedD.wassavedButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacherIthefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition.A.wouldnotwinB.wouldnothavewonC.wouldwinD.wouldhavewonThisprinterisofgoodquality.Ifitbreakdownwithinthefirstyearwewouldrepairitatourexpense.A.wouldB.shouldC.couldD.mightHedidnotregretsayingwhathedidbutfeltthatheitdifferently.A.couldexpressB.wouldexpressC.couldhaveexpressedD.musthaveexpressedWhatapity!Consideringhisabilityandexperiencehebetter.A.needhavedoneB.musthavedoneC.canhavedoneD.mighthavedone一Imsorry.Iatyoutheotherday.—Forgetit.Iwasabitoutofcontrolmyself.A.shouldntshoutB.shouldnthaveshoutedC.mustntshoutD.mustnthaveshoutedThankyouforallyourhardworklastweek.Idontthinkweitwithoutyou.A.canmanageB.couldhavemanagedC.couldmanageD.canhavemanagedItwasthedrugnotthediseasethatkilledtheboy.Hewouldbestillalivetodayifhethatdrug.A.nottakeB.shouldnthavetakenC.didnttakeD.hadnttakenTheordercamethatthemedicalsuppliestoBeijingfortheH1N1flusoon.A.wouldbesentB.shouldsendC.besentD.mustbesent一Ididntattendthelectureyesterday.一Ieitherifmymotherhadntremindedme.A.wouldntB.wouldnthaveC.didntD.hadntWithoutthehelpofmyEnglishteacherIthefirstprizeintheEnglishSpeakingComepition.A.wouldwinB.wouldhavewonC.wouldnotwinD.wouldnothavewon一ThankyouforremindingmeofthetimeorIlateyesterday.一Dontmentionit.A.shouldbeB.wouldbeC.willhavebeenD.wouldhavebeenIfRoseherdiamondinasaferplaceitstolen.A.hadput;mightnothavebeenB.hadput;couldbeC.hadput;mightbeD.hadnotput;couldnothavebeenthecloudsyouwouldfindtheairplaneintheskyeasilyA.HaditnotbeenforB.IfitwerenotC.IfithadnotbeenforD.Wereitnotfor1〜5DACDB6〜10DABDC11-15ACDBB16~20DABBC21〜25DBBDC26〜30BDDADIf从句主句主语+动词过去式+其它(be动词用were)主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形+其它If从句主句主语+haddone+其它主语+hadbeendone+其它(被动)主语+would/should/could/might+havedone主语+would/should/could/might+havebeendone(被动)If从句主句主语+weretodo+其它主语+动词过去式+其它主语+should+动词原形+其它主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形If从句主句主语+haddone+其它主语+would/should/could/might+be+表语主语+would/should/could/might+be+doing主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形wouldrather对现在、将来虚拟一般过去时did/be用were对过去的虚拟过去完成时haddoneO对现在虚拟一般过去时did/be用were对过去虚拟过去完成时haddone对将来虚拟过去将来时woulddo。