还剩4页未读,继续阅读
文本内容:
2013届高三一轮复习语法专项——虚拟语气
一、英语动词有三种语气,陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气虚拟语气用来表示说的话不是事实,或者是不可能发生的情况,而是一种愿望,建议假设的语气叫虚拟语气如IfIwereyouIshouldstudyEnglish.如果我是你我就学英语了
二、虚拟语气在if条件从句中的用法if条件句有两类,一类是真实条件句,表假设的情况有可能发生,用陈述语气如Ifitdoesntraintomorrowwewillgotothepark.另一类是虚拟条件句,表假设的情况不可能发生,只是一-种愿望,用虚拟语气如Ifhehadseenyouyesterdayhewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit.事实上他昨天没见到你,因此也未能问你这件事含有if虚拟条件句的复合,句中,主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气从句与芋事实相反主句If过去时werewould/could/should/mightdo.e.g.Ifmybrotherwerehereeveiythingwouldbeallright.].Ifhecomeherehehelpyou与过去事实相反▼Ifhaddonewould/could/should/mighthavedone.e.g.Ifyouhadtakenmyadviceyouwouldntcouldnthavefailedintheexam..Ifhebethereitnothappen.与将养事实相反r过去时IfJshould/woulddowould/could/should/mightdo.weretodok.e.g.IfitwereSundaytomorrowIshouldwouldcouldmightgotoseemygrandmother..Ifwehavethreedaysoffweenjoyaveryhappylife.注意•主句中的should只用于I、we但在美国英语中,should常被would代替;从.句中的should可用于各种人称•如果if条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致(表示错综时间的虚拟语气),这时主从句的动词形式分别用它们对应的时间的虚拟语气e.g.Ifyouhadlistenedtothedoctoryouwouldbeallrightnow.从句动也旨过去主句动也旨现在.Iftheystarttheearlymorningyesterdaytheybeherenow.•在书面语中,如果虚拟条件从句中有werehad或should可以把if省略,把这儿个词放到主语之前,构成主谓•倒装e.g.IfheshouldcomeShouldhecometellhimtoringmeup..IfIwereyouyouIwouldnotdoit.
三、动词wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气r—般过去时didwerex_与现在事实相反Wishy过去完成时haddone_与过去事实相反would/could/mightdo_与将来事实相反不用shoulde.g.IwishIwereabird.现在IwishIhadntmadesuchamistake.过去Wewishourparentswouldntpunishus.将亲J.Iwishhebeathomethistime.IwishInothurthimsomuchoIwishIbeabletocome_tomorrow.
四、wouldratherthat后的宾语从句的虚拟语气wouldratherthatT一般过去时didwere_与现在/将来事实相反L过去完成时haddonex_与过去事实相反e.g.Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.现在Iwouldratheryouhadgonetoo.过去Iwouldratheryoucametomorrowf将亲J.1wouldrathereverythingnothappen.
五、asif/though后的状语从句的虚拟语气一般过去时didwere_与现在事实相反asif/thoughJ过去完成时haddone_与过去事实相反与将来事实相反e.g.Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.TheytalkedandtalkedasiftheywouldnevermeetagainHelooksasifhebedrunk.Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeanfriendsforyears.
六、Itishigh/abouttime+that后的定语从句的虚拟语气Itishigh/abouttime+thatT一般过去时didwere[shoulddoegItshightimethatyoushouldhave/hadlunch..Itsabouttimethatwegotobed.
七、表示要求,命令,建议的动词及相应名词的虚拟语气,用Cshould+动词原形do常见动词一个坚持insist两个命令ordercommand三个建议advisesuggestpropose四个要求demandrequirerequestdesireo相应的名词orderadvicesuggestionproposaldemandrequestdesire的名词性从句也用虚拟语气e.g.WesuggestedthatTomshouldhavearest.Mysuggestionisthatyoushouldsendafewsoldierstohelpthem.HeinsistedthatIbepresent.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactoryclosedown.Itssuggestedthattheplancarryout.
八、含without/butfor要不是介词短语的句子一般用虚拟语气,用法同if主句的虚拟语气wilhout/butfor介词短语相当于ifitwerenotfor…的条件句WithoutyourhelpIcouldn11finish/wouldnthavefinishedmyworkontime.ButforyourhelpIhavefailed.
九、Ifonly...要是就好了e.g.IfonlyIknewhisname!现在Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!过去IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!将来IfonlyInotmissthetrain!Ifonlyyoulivewithus!十Itsnecessaty/strange/natural/important+thatshould+动词原形do虚版语气Itisapitythatshouldj+动词原形doegItisimportantthatweshouldmasteraforeignlanguage.Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty..Itsnecessarythatwestudyhard.ItisapitythatHnerybesocareless.Exercises:
一、单项选择WhatwouldwedoifittomorrowA.shouldsnowB.wouldsnowC.snowD.willsnowHadyoulistenedtothedoctoryouallrightnow.A.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeenIfitwerenotforthefactthatyouillIwouldaskyoutodothisrightnow.A.wereB.hadbeenC.areHeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhethere.A.hadbeenB.hasbeenC.wasYousuchaseriousmistakeifyouhadfollowedhisadvice.A.maynotmakeC.shouldnthavemadeIwishIwhattodo.A.knewB.haveknownIfonlyImywatch!A.hadntlostB.haventloslB.mightnotmakeD.mightnothavemadeC.knowC.didntlostD.shouldbeD.hasgoneD.wouldknowD.dontloseItisimportantthatwewildanimals.A.willprotectB.shouldprotectC.shallprotectWetheworkontimewithoutyourhelp.A.hadnthadfinishedC.couldnthavefinishedItseemsasifitrain.A.willtoB.isgoingtoThesuggestionhasbeenmadeA.for;toB.that;be
12.1wasbusyyesterdayotherwiseI_A.attendedB.hadattendedD.wouldhaveattendedTheyoungmaninsistedthatheA.did;setC.shoulddo;besetItshightimethatwetoschool.A.wouldtoB.wentIdratheryourightaway.A.leaveB.left
二、用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空l.Ifyouarrivetenminutesearlieryoucouldhaveseenthemoff.
2.Itshightimethatwegototherailwaystation.3-Withoutyourhelpourteamnotwinthelastmatch.Yourefiveminuteslate.Isuggestedthatyoucomeearliertomorrow.MatheroftentellsusthatitisnecessarythatwedrinkaglassofwaterafterwB.didnthavefinishedD.canthavefinishedC.istothebasketballgameC.which;shouldbeyourbirthdayparty.C.wouldattendD.areprotectingD.wereputoff.D.to;beingnothingwrongandB.haddone;shouldbesetD.haddone;mustbesetfree.C.goD.willgoC.willleaveD.toleaveegetup.
6.Sheinsistedthatshesendtoworkinthefarawaysmalltown.InotforgethistelephonenumberIwouldhaverunghim.Heisbusynow.Ifhebefreehegowithyou.Themanagerwasinhisofficethen.Ifhebehereeverythingsettleinaminute.Hefeltasifheneedmoretimetostudyforthetest.Jameswishesheseethefootballgameinsteadofthefilm.Keys:camewould/mighthelphadbeenwouldnthavehappenedweretohavewouldenjoyhadstartedwouldbeWereIWerehadnthurtmightbeabletocomehadrfthappenedwereshouldgo/wentshouldbeshouldbeclosedshouldbecarriedwouldhuvihadntmissedcouldliveshouldstudyshouldbe
一、ACCADAABCBBDBBB
二、l.hadarrivedwentshouldgowouldnthavewonshouldcomeshoulddrinkshouldbesentHad;forgottenwere;wouldgohadbeen;wouldhavebeensettledneeded1Lhadseen。