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2021上海教师招聘考试中学英语模拟试题及答案三套2021上海教师招聘考试中学英语模拟试题及答案一教育学局部(50分)
一、单项选择题(在每题的四个备选答案中,选出一个正确的答案,并将其代码填入答题纸的相应位置每题1分,共10分)提出“泛智〃教育思想,探讨“把一切事物教给一切人类的全部艺术〃的教育家是培根夸美纽斯赫尔巴特赞可夫前苏联教育家苏霍姆林斯基教育思想的核心内容是全面和谐开展的教育理论认知结构理论教学与开展理论教学过程优化理论就儿童开展整体而言,生理的成熟先于心理的成熟,这表达了儿童身心开展的顺序性阶段性个别差异性不平衡性我国教育目的制定的指导思想和理论根底是社会本位价值取向人本位价值取向马克思主义关于人的全面开展学说政治本位价值取向在教学中,通过学生观察所学事物或教师语言的形象描述,引导学生形成所学事物、过程的清晰表象,丰富他们的感性认识,从而使他们能够正确理解书本知识和开展认知能力的教学原那么是直观性原那么启发性原那么循序渐进原那么稳固性原那么把课程分为必修课程和选修课程的依据是课程内容的组织方式课程制定者或管理层次课程设置的要求课程内容所固有的属性马克思主义认为培养全面开展的人的一方法是理论联系实际做到因材施教实现教育时机均等D・教育与生产劳动相结合把两个及两个年级以上的儿童编在一个班级,直接教学与布置、完成作业轮流交替进行在一节课内由一位教师对不同年级学生进行教学的组织形式是分层教学合作教学小班教学复式教学以他人的高尚思想、模范行为和卓越成就来影响学生品德的方式称为说服法典范法表扬奖励与批评处分锻炼法目前世界范围内,普遍和根本的教学组织形式是个别教学小组教学班级授课制复式教学
二、多项选择题〔在每题的五个备选答案中选出二至五个正确答案,并将正确答案的代码填入答题纸的相应位置错选、多项选择、漏选均不得分每题2分,共12分)古代学校教育的特征主要表现为阶级性道统性功用性专制性刻板性以下教育家中,属于人本位教育目的价值取向的代表人物有凯兴斯坦纳卢梭康德小原国芳裴斯泰洛齐学校潜在课程主要是指教学过程中的思想品德教育内容学生在人际交往中受到的影响校风、班风等制度化与非制度化的影响未来社会要求的新科技学校物质文化对学生所构成的各种影响中小学体育的主要任务有增强学生体质,促进其身体正常发育提高运动素养,传授必要的知识技能参加各种体育竞赛,选拔运动人才增强体育兴趣,形成良好的精神品质养成运动习惯,培养竞技体育观念和竞争意识建立良好班集体的策略主要有对学生实行专制管理树立明确的共同目标建设一支好的学生干部队伍培养健康的集体舆论开展各种形式的活动开展性评价应遵循的根本原那么有开展性原那么鼓励性原那么合作性原那么整体性原那么多元化原那么
三、简答题(每题6分,共18分)现代教育制度开展的趋势表现在哪几个方面?简述我国新一轮根底教育课程评价改革的特点什么是启发性原那么?贯彻该原那么的根本要求是什么?
四、论述题(10分)个体身心开展的规律有哪些?学校教育如何适应这些规律,促进个体身心全面和谐地开展?教育心理学局部(50分)
一、单项选择题(在每题的四个备选答案中,选出一个正确的答案,并将其代码填入答题纸的相应位置每题1分,共10分)奥苏伯尔认为,学生学习的实质是有意义接受学习有意义发现学习发现学习探究学习根据认知心理学的研究,程序性知识的表征形式主要是命题命题网络图式产生式一般而言,把学习成败归因于以下哪一因素对学习动机的鼓励作用努力程度能力上下任务难度运气好坏学习者用来调节自己的注意、记忆、思维等过程的技能就是学习策略认知策略学习方法元认知品德形成的标志是道德信念道德评价能力的形成价值内化道德行为习惯的养成关注学习者如何应用原有的认知结构与信念来建构新知识,强调学习的主动性、社会性与情境性的学习理论是认知发现理论认知同化理论认知建构理论顿悟学习理论在教学中不断变换同类事物的非本质属性,以便突出本质属性的方法称为变化改变变式突出品德心理结构中具有动力色彩的成份是道德认识道德情感道德意志道德行为美国心理学家桑代克反对形式训练说,提出了迁移的相同要素说概括化理论关系转换说学习定势说加工信息时主要依赖来自客观环境的线索,对社会科学、儿童教育、社会工作、文秘公关等与人交往的职业感兴趣的个体的认知风格属于场独立场依存冲动型沉思型
二、多项选择题(在每题的五个备选答案中选出二至五个正确答案,并将正确答案的代码填入答题纸相应的位置错选、多项选择、漏选均不得分每题2分,共12分)教育心理学的研究对象是教的心理活动学的心理活动教与学的互动机制学生的心理开展特点学校情景构成动机的主要成分是归因成就动机诱因需要评价学习的本质属性是变化是持久的变化既是外显的行为也是内部的心理结构变化是经验引起的而非生理成熟、药物或疲劳学习是经验的获得过程具有先天遗传性
4.在操作技能形成的局部动作阶段,所需要的内外部条件是示范讲解反响练习动觉教师的威信表现为工作水平知识水平工作态度工作作风教学能力学习策略包括认知策略资源管理策略方案策略元认知策略内化策略
三、简答题(每题6分,共18分)简述影响学习动机形成的主要因素学校心理辅导的原那么有哪些?结合实例说明教育心理学的实践作用
四、论述题(10分)结合实例说明学习迁移的种类英语一局部(50分)PartI:Vocabularyandstructure(10%)OnedayIanewspaperarticleaboutatanearbystatecollege.cameacrosscameaboutcameaftercameaShewascomplainingthatthedoctorwasgivingher.expendingofferingcostingcharginThemanagerspokehighlyofsuchasbyhisemployees.theretirementofanEnglishprofessortoomuchforthetreatmenthewasloyaltycourageandtruthfulnessshownvirtuesfeaturespropertiescharacteristicsSincethematterwasextremelywedealtwithitimmediately.toughtenseurgentinstantYoudonthavetobeinsuchahurry.Iwouldratheryouonbusinessfirst.happyasonemightexpectitseemstomethattherearetwocauses.whyitdoeswhatitdoeswhatitiswhyitisAsearlyas1647Ohiomadeadecisionthatfreetax-supportedschoolsmustbeestablishedineverytown50householdsormore.havingtohavetohavehadhavinghadThenewcomersfounditimpossibletothemselvestotheclimatesufficientlytomakepermanenthomesinthenewcountry.suitadaptregulatecoordinateLivinginthecentralAustraliandeserthasitsproblemsobtainingwaterisnottheleast.forwhichtowhichofwhichinwhichImsureheisuptothejobhewouldgivehismindtoit.ifonlyincaseuntilunlessPartII:Cloze10%Inthewaitingroomthepatientsmenandwomenoldandyoungweresitting11onthechairs12_fortheirturns.Billyaschoolboywassittingtheretoo.Theyalllookedverysad13Billy.He14aninterestingstoryandtherewasasmileonhisface.Justthenthedoctorcameintosayhewasreadyforthenextpatient.Billyjumpedupandranintothe15_room.GoodmorningDoctor!Goodmorning!Whatsyour16―youngman”askedthedoctor.BeforeBillycouldsayawordthedoctormadehim17downonabed.Nowletmelistentoyourheart.〃Billytriedtospeakbutthedoctortoldhim18anything.T11takeyourtemperature.〃Billytriedtositupbutthedoctorstoppedhim.Nowopenyourmouth.Mmgood.〃AfteramomentthedoctorsaidMminfactthereisPassageOneTnonewayofthinkingfailureisapartoflife.awaytowardssuccess.The“spiderstoryoftentoldRobertBruceleaderoftheScotsinthe13thcenturywashidinginacavefromtheEnglish.Hewatchedaspiderspinningaweb.Thespidertriedtoreachacrossaroughplaceintherock.Hetriedsixtimeswithoutsuccess.Ontheseventhtimehemadeitandwentontospinhisweb.BruceissaidtohavetakenheartandtohavegoneontodefeattheEnglish.Edisontheinventorofthelightbulbmadehundredsofmodelsthatfailedbeforehefoundtherightwaytomakeone.SowhatFirstalwaysthinkaboutyourfailure.WhatcauseditWereconditionsrightWereyouintopformyourselfWhatcanyouchangesothingswillgorightnexttimeSecondisthegoal目标youretryingtoreachtherightoneTrytodosomethinkingaboutwhatyourrealgoalsmaybe.Thinkaboutthisquestion“IfIdosucceedinthiswherewillitgetme”Thismayhelpyoupreventfailureinthingsyoushouldntbedoinganyway.Thethirdthingtobearinmindaboutfailureisthatitsapartoflife.Learnto“livewithyourself〃eventhoughyoumayhavefailed.Remember“Youcantwinatall.Thispassagedealswithtwosidesoffailure.Inparagraph1theauthortalksmainlyaboutA.B.C.D.
22.A.B.C.D.
23.A.B.C.I.
24.A.B.C.D.
25.thevalueoffailurehowpeoplewouldfailfcimousfailuresthecauseoffailureTheunderlinedphrasemadeit〃meanssucceededfailedgavegotThelessonthespidertaughtRobertBruceseemsproductivestraightforwardsorrowfuldeepTheauthortellsyoutodoallthingsexcept_totototothinkaboutthecauseofyourfailurecheckoutwhetheryourgoalsarerightforyouconsiderfailureasapartoflifebearinmindthatyouwillneverfailinyourlifeWhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueBruceandEdisonweresuccessfulexamples.B.C.D.Failuremayberegardedasawaytowardsuccess.EdisonlearnedalotfromthelessonthespidertaughtRobertBrucenemayoftenraiseaquestionwhetherhisgoalsareworthattemptingPassageTwoWhiletheprivateschoolsmaybechargingtoomuchsomeofthepublicsareriskingtheirfuturesbychargingtoolittle.LowtuitionisfineasthestateassignsenoughmoneytoeducationashasgenerallybeenthecaseinTexasandCalifornia.ButforyearsNewJerseyslegendaryresistancetotaxescondemnedRutgersUniversitytosecond-classstatus.Ofwhatrealworthisalow-tuitionpolicywroteRutgersformerpresidentthelateEdwardBloustein“Ifbelowthequalitytheywantandrequire”NewYorkStatesstudentsmightaskthemselvespressuredGovernorMariaCuomointocancelingapriceshaventgoneupsince
1983.Andwhatitdoomsstudentstoaneducationthesame.Aseriesofprotests$200riseintuitionlastyearstheresultGreatly-reducedbudgetsshabbycampusescourserestrictionslimitedlibraryhorsandvariousnewstudentfees.TheironyofNewYorkandotherstatesystemsisthatthepercentageofhigher-incomestudentstheyserveisincreasingataphenomenalratesaysArthurHauptmanoftheAmericanCouncilonEducation.GiventhischangingpopulationmorestatesshouldstartplayingtheRobinHoodgameincreasingtheirstickerpricediscountingratestolow-incomestudentsandusingtherestofthemoneytoraisethequalityoftheirschools.Themiddle-classmeltandthebettermentofpublicuniversitiesarestillintheirveryearlieststages.Butthesetrendswillintensifyasthechildrenoftheburdenedboomersreachcollegeage.Fortheacademicsitsawake-upcall.Inthenextcenturythey11havetobeaffordableandgood.26-Accordingtosomecriticsthelow-tuitionpolicyofpublicuniversitiesmightleadto、、themiddle-classmeltacreditcrisisadeclineinthequalityofeducationtheenrollmentofsecond-classstudentsPublicuniversitiesreducethetuitionbecause.theyyieldtothepressureofprotesterstheygetcontributionsfromtherichtheygetenoughmoneyfromthestate!•theytrytogivelower-incomestudentsanopportunityItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.privateuniversitieswilljoininthethricecompetitionpublicuniversitieshavetowithdrawfromthepricecompetitionrichstudentsfindwaysofpayinglessbytakingtheadvantageofthepolicyIrichstudentsshouldbeentitledtoequalopportunitiesaspoorstudentsInordertomaintaintheirhighqualityatthestonetimeofopeningthefloortolow-incomestudentspublicuniversitieshaveto.enlisttheirstudentsforsomevoluntaryjobsexertlong-termefforttoimprovethemselvescountuponthefinancialsupportfromthegovernmentincreasetheproportionofrichstudentsandchargemorefromthemThispassageismainlyabout.theRobinHoodgamewaysofpayinglessforcollegeeducationdifficultsituationofpublicuniversitiesfinancialaidto1owei—inconiestudentsPartIV:Translation20%SectionA:TranslatethefollowingChineseintoEnglish15%我们得赶快,要不就会赶不上车了这支钢笔花了我不到两美元我每天需要20分钟读英语他己经够上学的年龄了中国决不会个使用核武器SectionB:TranslatethefollowingEnglishintoChinese5%Wehaveonlytolookbehindustogetsomesenseofwhatmaylieahead.Noonelookingbehindahead20yearspossiblycouldhaveforeseenthewaysinwhichasingleinventionthechipswouldtransformourworldthankstoitsapplicationsinpersonalcomputersdigitalcommunicationsandfactoryrobots.Tomorrowsachievementsinbiotechnologyartificialintelligenceorevensomestillunimaginedtechnologycouldproduceasimilarwaveofdramaticchanges.Butonethingiscertain:informationandknowledgewillbecomeevenmorevitalandthepeoplewhopossessitwhethertheyworkinmanufacturingorserviceswillhavetheadvantageandproducethewealth.Ifyoucastyourmindahead10yearsinformationserviceswillbepredominant.Itwillbethewayyoudoyourjob.参考答案
一、单项选择题B
2.A
二、多项选择题
1.ABDE
2.
三、简答题(每题6分,
1.现代教育制度开展的趋势表现在哪几个方面?〔1)加强学前教育并重视与小学教育的衔接〔2)强化普及义务教育,延长义务教育年限〔3)普通教育与职业教育逐步相互渗透
(4)高等教育的类型日益多样化〔5)学历教育与非学历教育的界限逐渐淡化〔6)教育制度有利于国际交流
2.简述我国新一轮根底教育课程评价改革的特点〔1)淡化甄别与选拔功能,注重学生的全面开展,实现课程功能的转化
(2)突出学生的主体地位,倡导多主体参与评价〔3)强调评价标准与内容的多元化,关注情感、态度、价值观的评价〔4)强调质性评价,采用多样化的评价方法〔5)强调终结性评价与形成性评价相结合,实现评价重心的转移
3.什么是启发性原那么?贯彻该原那么的根本要求是什么?启发性原那么,是指在教学中教师要成认学生是学习的主体,注意调动他们的学习主动性引导他们独立思考,积极探索,生动活泼地学习,自觉地掌握科学知识和提高分析问题、解决问题的能力贯彻该原那么的根本要求有〔1)教师要掌握和运用好“启发〃的条件和关键〔2)启发学生独立思考,开展学生的逻辑思维能力
(3)让学生动手,培养独立解决问题的能力o
(4)建立新型的尊师爱生的关系,发扬教学民主
四、论述题(10分)个体身心开展的规律有哪些?学校教育如何适应这些规律,促进个体身心全面和谐地开展?〔1)个体身心开展的顺序性个体的身心开展是一个由低级到高级、由简单到复杂、由量变到质变的连续不断的开展过程在这一开展过程中,其整个身心开展具有一定的顺序性这就要求教育工作要循序渐进,一切知识技能的传授、智力的开展、体质的增强、思想品德的培养,都要遵循由具体到抽象、由浅入深、由简到繁、由低到高的顺序,既不能拔苗助长也不要压抑学生的开展〔2)个体身心开展的阶段性个体在不同的阶段表现出身心开展的总体特征及主要矛盾面临着不同的开展任务,这就是身心开展的阶段性前后相邻的阶段进行着有规律的更替在前一个阶段内准备了向后一个阶段的过渡每一开展阶段,经历着一定的时间,在这一阶段内,其身心开展主要表现为数量的变化,经过一个时期,这种开展就由量变到质变,从而使其身心开展推进到一个崭新的阶段这就要求教育工作必须根据不同年龄阶段的特点分阶段地进行,在教育教学的要求、内容和方法上不能搞“一刀切〃,也不能人为地将各个阶段截然分开,要注意各阶段的衔接和引渡工作
(3)个体身心开展的不平衡性个体身心开展的进程不总是以相等的速度直线开展的,而是时而猛长、时而缓慢,在开展过程中表现出一种不平衡性因此,教育教学工作要抓住关键期,以求在短的时间内取得的效果〔4)个体身心开展的互补性互补性反映个体身心开展各组成局部的相互关系从生理方面来看,如果机体某一方面的机能受损甚至缺失以后,可以通过其他方面的超常开展得到局部补偿因此,教育者要能够面向全体学生,特别是生理或心理机能发生障碍、学业成绩落后的学生,帮助他们树立起坚决的信心还要掌握科学的教育方法,特别是要善于发现他们的优势,做到扬长避短〔5)个体身心开展的个别差异性由于性别、遗传素质、环境、教育、主观努力等方面的不同,导致个体之间必然会出现一定的差异性在教育工作中,教育者不仅要认识学生开展的共同特征,还应充分重视每个学生的个别差异,做到因材施教,有的放矢教育心理学局部(50分)
一、单项选择题(每题1分,共10分)
1.A
2.D
3.A
4.D
5.D
6.C
7.C
8.B
9.A
10.A
二、多项选择题(每题2分,共12分,错选、多项选择、漏选均不得分)
1.ABC
2.ABCD
3.ABCD
4.ACDE
5.BCDE
6.ABD
三、简答题(每题6分,共18分)
1.影响学习动机形成的因素主要有内部因素和外部因素〔1)内部因素主要包括学生的自身需要与目标结构;成熟与年龄特点;学生的性格特征和个别差异;学生学习准备;学生的焦虑程度等;〔2)外部因素通过内因而起作用具体而言,外部因素主要包括教师态度、课堂心理气氛、环境因素等
3.教育心理学的实践作用具体表现在以下几个方面〔1)帮助教师准确地了解问题;〔2)为实际教学提供科学的理论指导;
(3)帮助教师预测并干预学生;
(4)帮助教师结合实际教学进行研究;
四、论述题(10分)迁移是普遍的,迁移的表现形式是多种多样的,根据不同的标准可以对迁移作多种分类
(1)正迁移与负迁移
(2)水平迁移与垂直迁移
(3)一般迁移与具体迁移
(4)同化性迁移、顺应性迁移与重组性迁移Hurryuporwewontcatchthebus.Ipaidlessthan2dollarsforthepen.Thepencostsmelessthan2dollars.Tspent2dollarsonthepen.takesmetwentyminutestoreadEnglish.IspendtwentyminutesreadingEnglish.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.AtnotimewillChinabethefirsttousenuclearweapon.SectionB:TranslatethefollowingEnglishintoChinese5%我们只有分析过去才能展望未来过去没有一个人往前想20年能够预见到,由于在个人电脑、数码通讯和工厂机器人中应用芯片而使芯片这一项创造在许多方面改变了我们的世界明天在生物工程、人工智能或甚至无法想象到的某项技术中所取得的成就会产生类似巨大变革的冲击波但是有一点可以肯定信息和知识将变得更为重要拥有信息和知识的人,不管他们在制造业工作还是在第三产业工作,将独占鳌头,创造财富假设你展望十年以后那时信息产业必将独领风骚,应用信息处理问题将成为你办事的方法2021上海教师招聘考试中学英语模拟试题及答案二
1.词汇与结构/Vocabularyandstructure15分Japansaysitsprimeministerpromisedtoprovidetheworldwithmaximumtransparency,zaboutaccidentattheFukushimanuclearpowerplantduringtelephonecall.the;athe;thean;thean;aItisthoughtthatHenanShuanghuiIndustryGroupCo.Ltd.takeresponsibilityforitsconsumers.canmaymustneedThecivilwarinLibyathatonMarch12foraweekuntilnow.brokeout;haslastedbreakingout;waslastedwasbrokenout;haslastedbrokeout;lastingItwasnotuntilthesubprimeloancrisis(次贷危机)hadcausedgreatdamagetotheAmericanfinancialsystemAmericansrealizedtheseverity(严重性)ofthesituation.whichthatwhatwhenInordertomakepeopletomoneytothesickbabyhesuggestedthemotherkneeldowneveryfewmetersinthestreet.distributeprovideafforddonateAseriousforestfirebrokeoutinShandongtheauthorityhadtotakeimmediatestepstoprotecttheforestinTaian.whywhichasforwhich一Nowadayschildrenhavetotakeartsmusicandsportsclassesintheirfreetimebusyschoolwork.一一Nowondertheyhavemoreandmorepressure.ratherthanowingtoapartfromexpectforThebiggestfullmoonof2021occurredonaSaturdaynightChineseobserverstogatheroutsidetorecordthesplendor.toleadledleadinghavingledIheardthealarmringingallthemorningsomethingveryurgenthappened.ReallyObviouslyEspeciallyTerriblyThefiguresarefurtherevidencechildrenaremorelikelytobecomenear-sighted.thatwhatwhywhich完形填空/Cloze(15分)阅读以下短文,掌握其大意,然后从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C、D中,选出最正确选项PuttingfeelingsintowordsmakessadnessandangerlessintensetheU.S.brainresearcherssaidonWednesdayinafindingthatexplainswhy16toatherapistoftenmakespeoplefeelbetter.Theysaidtalkingaboutnegativefeelingsactivatesapartofthebrain17forimpulsecon-trol.Thisregionofthebrainseemstobe18inputtingonthebrakessaidresearcherMathewLiebermanlieandcolleagues19thebrainsof30people―18womenand12menbetween18and36--whowereshownpicturesoffaces20strongemotions.Theywereaskedto21thefeelingsinwordslikesadorangryortochoosebetweentwogender-specificnames22SallyorHarrythatmatchedtheface.Whattheyfoundisthatwhenpeople23awordlike〃angry〃toanangry-lookingfacethe24intheportionofthebrainthathandlesfearpanicandotherstrongemotionsdecreased.Thisseemstodampendowntheresponseinthesebasicemotional25inthebrain.Liebermansaidinatelephoneinterview.Whatlightsupinsteadisthepartofthebrainthatcontrolsimpulses.Thisistheonlyregionoftheentirebrainthatismoreactivewhenyouchooseanemotionalwordforthepicture26whenyouchooseanameforthepicture,zhesaid.Hesaidthesameregionofthebrainhasbeenfoundin27studiestoplayaroleinmotorcontrol.〃Ifyouaredrivingalongandyouseeayellowlightyouhavetoinhibitoneresponseinordertosteponthebrake〃hesaid.Thissameregionhelpstoinhibitemotionalresponsesaswell.〃Theresearchersdidnotfindsignificantdifferencesalonggenderlines28Liebermansaidpriorstudieshadhintedatsome29inthebenefitsmenandwomenderivedfromtalkingabouttheirfeelings.Womenmaydomoreofthis30butwhenmenareinstructedtodoittheymaygetmorebenefitfromit〃hesaid.A.showinghavingexpressingpresentingA.describegeneralizecategorizechangeA.likeasbywithA.talkedattachedpointed!•referredA.actionresponseactivitymotionA.expressionsmovementsresponsescircuitsA.astothancomparingA.earlyoriginalpriorseniorA.andthereforebecausebutA.discoveriesdifferencesstudiessimilaritiesA.spontaneouslyreluctantlyunconsciouslywillinglyIll.阅读理解JReadingcomprehension(40分)ADrunkendrivingsometimescalledAmericassociallyacceptedformofmurderhasbecomeanationalepidemic.EveryhourofeverydayaboutthreeAmericansonaveragearekilledbydrunkendriversaddingupanincredible350000overthepastdecade.Adrunkendriverisusuallydefinedasonewitha
0.10bloodalcoholcontentorroughlythreebeersglassesofwineorshotsofwhiskydrunkwithintwohours.Heavydrinkingusedtobeanac-ceptablepartoftheAmericanalcoholimageandjudgeswerelenientinmostcourtsbutthedrunkenslaughterhasrecentlycausedsomanywell-publicizedtragediesespeciallyinvolvingyoungchildrenthatpublicopinionisnolongersotolerant.Twentystateshaveraisedthelegaldrinkingageto21reversingatrendinthe1960storeduceitto
18.AfterNewJerseylowereditto18thenumberofpeoplekilledby18-to-20-year-olddrivesmorethandoubledsothestaterecentlyuppeditbackto
21.Reformershoweverfearraisingthedrinkingagewillhavelittleeffectunlessaccompaniedbyeducationalprogramstohelpyoungpeopletodevelopresponsibleattitudesaboutdrinkingandteachthemtoresistpeerpressuretodrink.Toughnewlawshaveledtoincreasedarrestsandinmanyareasalreadytoamarkeddeclineinfatalities.Somestatesarealsopenalizingbarsforservingcustomerstoomanydrinks.AsthefatalitiescontinuetooccurdailyineverystatesomeAmericansareevenbeginningtospeakwellofthe13yearsnationalprohibitionofalcoholthatbeganin1919whichPresidentHoovercalledthenobleexperiment”.Theyforgetthatlegalprohibitiondidntstopdrinkingbutencouragedpoliticalcorruptionandorganizedcrime.Aswiththeboomingdrugtradegenerallythereisnoeasysolution.WhichofthefollowingsentencesbestconcludesthemainideaofthispassageDrunkendrivinghascausednumerousfatalitiesintheUnitedStates.ItsrecommendabletoprohibitalcoholdrinkingaroundtheUnitedStates.TheAmericansocietyistryinghardtopreventdrunkendriving.DrunkendrivinghasbecomeanationalepidemicintheUnitedState.Whichofthefollowingfourdriverscanbedefinedasani1legaldriverAsixteen-year-o1dboywhodrankaglassofwinethreehoursago.Anoldladywhotookfourshotsofwhiskyinyesterdaysparty.Apolicemanwholikesalcoholverymuch.!)•Apregnantwomanwhodrankabeeranhourago.Inreformersopinionisthemosteffectivewaytostopyoungstersfromdrinkingalcohol.raisingthelegaldrinkingagefrom18to21forcingteenagerstoobeydisciplinesdevelopingyoungpeoplessenseofresponsibilitypressingteenagerstotakesoftdrinksTherulethatonlypeopleabove21yearsofagecandrink.isanewlawpromotedbythetwentystateshadbeenonceadoptedbeforethe1960shasbeenenforcedsincetheprohibitionofalcoholwillbecarriedoutalloverthecountryWhatistheauthorsattitudetowardallthelawsagainstdrunkendrivingOptimistic.Pessimistic.Indifferent.Ironic.BTherehaveneverbeenmanyadventurers.Youcanreadstoriesaboutmencalledadventurers.Buttheywerereallybusinessmen.Therewassomethingtheywanted一一aladyormoneyoracoun-tryorhonor.Andsotheygotit.Butatrueadventurerisdifferent.Hestartswithoutanyspecialpurpose.Heisreadyforanythinghemaymeet.Therehavebeenmanyhalf-adventurers.Andtheyweregreatmen.Historyisrichwiththeirstories-Buteachofthemhadaspecialpurpose.Theywerenotfollowersoftrueadventure-InthebigcityofNewYorkRomanceandAdventurearealwayswaiting.Aswewalkalongthestreettheyarewatchingus.Welookupsuddenlyandseeafaceinawindow.Thefaceseemstointerestusstrangely.Orinaquietstreetwehearacryoffearandpaincomingfromahousewherenoonelives.Acartakesustoastrangedoorinsteadoftoourown.Thedooropensandweareaskedtoenter.Ateverycornereyeslooktowardusorhandsareraisedorfingerspoint.Adventureisoffered.Butfewofusarereadytoaccept.Wearereadytodoonlythethingswedoeveryday.Wewishtodoonlythethingsthateveryoneelsedoes.Wemoveon;andsomedaywecometotheendofalongquietlife.Thenwebegintothink.WhenitistoolatewearesorrythatwehaveneverknowntrueRomanceandAdventure.Intheauthorsopiniontherearetrueadventurers.manyfewnoafewInwhatwaydoestheauthorsayatrueadventurerisdifferentfromabusinessmanHeisreadyforanythinghemaymeet.BeHeisnotinterestedinmoney.Heenjoysexcitementwhileabusinessmandoesnot.Atrueadventurerisromanticwhileabusinessmanisdull.Accordingtothepassageacryoffearandpaincomingfromahousewherenoonelivesinaquietstreetmeans.anumberafightwealthadventureWecaninferfromthepassagethatwhenmostpeoplemeetanofferofadventuregrowangrybutcuriousaccepttheoffergrowembarrassedandrejecttheofferbefrightenedandcryforhelpinthefood-produ-cingcommunitiesoftheMiddleEast.ThecitiesofSumeriaEgyptandtheIndusValleypossessedanumberofcharacteristicsthatdistinguishedthemastrulyurban.Thecitieswereverymuchlargeandmoredenselypopulatedthananyprevioussettlementandtheirfunctionwasclearlydifferentiatedfromthatofthesurroundingvillages.Inthecitiestheoldpatternsofkinshiprelationswerereplacedbyacomplexhierarchyofsocialclassesbasedonthespecializationoflabor.Moreovertheneedtokeeprecordsledtothedevelopmentofwritingandarithmeticandtheincreasedsophisticationofur-bansocietygaveanewimpetustoartisticexpressionofeverykind.WhenthebasisofcitylifewasestablishedinEuropetheurbantraditionwasdrawnfromtheancientcitiesoftheMiddleEastviathecivilizationofGreeceandRome.WecantracethreemainphasesinthegrowthoftheWestEuropeancity.Thefirstoftheseisthemedievalphasewhichextendsfromthebeginningofthe11thcenturyA!•toabout1500tothebeginningofthe19thcentury.Thethirdisthemodernphaseextendingfromtheearly19thcenturytothepresentday.Everymedievalcitybeganasasmallsettlementwhichgrewuproundageographicalorculturalfocalpoint.Thiswouldbeapermanentstructuresuchasastrongholdacathedraloralargechurch.Indistrictswheretravelandtradewerewellestablisheditmightbeamarketarivercrossingoraplacewheretwoormoretraderoutesmetinstudiesofurbangeographytheoldestpartoftownisre-ferredtoasthenuclearsettlement.TherearemanysmalltowninEuropewhereitisstillpossibletotracetheoutlineoftheoriginalnuclearsettlement.Itisofcoursemuchmoredifficulttodothisinthecaseofalargemoderncitywhichhasgrowntomanytimesitsoriginalsize.Theancientcitieswerecharacterizedbyallthefollowingexcept.largerpopulationsdifferentdifferentdifferentWhichofWestEuropeancitiesestablishedtheirownurbantraditions.WestEuropeancitiesgrewdirectlyoutofthoseintheMiddleEast.C-CitiesappearedearlierintheMiddleEastcitieswentthroughthesamephases.I).WestEuropeanandMiddleEastcitieswentthroughthesamephases.WhichofthefollowingcouldberegardedasageographicalfocalpointAlocalrestaurant.Atownhall.Alocaltheatre.Anopenmarket.ItiseasiertolocateitsoriginalnuclearsettlementofasmalltownWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthepassageTheoriginanddevelopmentofcities.Thedifferencesbetweenamoderncityandanancientcity.Thefunctionsofacity.Thecharacteristicsofanancientcity.DAlittleboyinvitedhismothertoattendhiselementaryschoolsfirstteacher-parentmeeting.Tothelittleboysdismayhismothersaidshewouldgo.Thiswouldbethefirsttimethathisclassmatesandteachersmethismotherandhewasembarrassedbyherappearance.Therewasaseverescarthatcoverednearlythewholerightsideofherface.Theboyneverwantedtotalkaboutwhyorhowshegotthescar.Atthemeetingthepeoplewereimpressedbythekindnessofhismotherwiththescarbutthelittle•boywasstillembarrassedandhidhimselffromeveryone.Howeeverhecouldhearclearlytheconversationbetweenhismotherandtheteacher.〃Howdidyougetthescaronyourface”theteacherasked.ThemotherrepliedWhenmysonwasababyhewasinaroomthatcaughtonfire.Every-onewastooafraidtogoinbecausethefirewasoutofcontrolbutIwentin.AsIwasrunningto^wardshisbedIsawaburningwoodfallingdownandIplacedmyselfoverhimtryingtoprotecthim.Twasknockedtobeunconscious;butluckilyafiremancameinandsavedbothofus.〃Shetouchedtheburnedsideofherface.ThisscarwillbeforeverbutuntiltodayIhaveneverregret-teddoingwhatIdid.,zWhenthelittleboyheardthishecouldnthelprunningtowardshismotherwithtearsinhiseyes.Hehuggedherandfelthismotherwasgreaterthananyone.Heheldherhandtightlyfortherestoftheday.Whatsthemeaningoftheunderlinedworddismayinthefirstparagraph沮丧的快乐的吃惊的Theboysmotherwasactually(事实上)A-uglykindbeautifuluglybutkindAccordingtothepassagethelittleboy.didn,taskhermothertoattendthemeetingwantedhermothertoattendthemeetingatfirstdidn,treallywanthermothertoattendthemeetingatfirstwasntmovedbywhathermothersaidWhosavedthelittleboyHismother.Histeacher.Hisgrandpa.Afireman.Afterreadingthepassageweknow.A.thepeopleatthemeetingdidntliketheboysmotherB-theboysmotherwasbravebutfoolishtheboyhatedwhathismotherhaddoneweshouldrespectourparentswhatevertheyarelike翻译/Translation(15分)ExcitedandemboldenedbythewealthofinformationtheyfindontheInternetChineseteensarebreakingcenturiesoftraditiontochallengetheirteachersandexpresstheirownopinionsinclass.TheAmericanCollegeBoardnoted30yearsagocollegegraduatesearnedjust19to35percentmoreformenandwomenrespectivelythanadultswithonlyahighschooldiploma.Youcanstoreathousandseparatediaryentriesonyourcomputerandsearchthroughthemallinamatterofsecondslookingsayforaspecificreferencetoahotelyoustayedatfiveyearsago.Theright-wingstrategywhichhasbeentopaintglobalwarmingasaloftyhypotheticalscenarioisawayofdelegatingitbacktotheeraof1960sparanoia.Aseriesofreformssince1997haveedgedtheChineseeducationsystemawayfromrotelearningandtowardsanemphasisonindependentthought.书面表达/Writing(20分)现在城市中的农民工越来越多,以“TheRoleofMigrantWorkers/为题写一篇150—200词的作文教学设计/Teachingplan(20分)请设计一节课的教案,教学目的是让学生学会表达自己观点的某些表达法参考答案词汇与结构A[解析]考查冠词福岛核电站的事故应用定冠词the;而谈话没有指明是哪一次,因此用不定冠词表泛指句意为日本表示,日本首相在一次谈话中承诺以“最大的透明度〃向全世界通报福岛核电站的事故情况C[解析]must表示义务、必要,意为必须而need通常用于否认句,表示需要句意为:人们认为河南双汇食品必须对它的消费者们负责A[解析]考查动词的时态和语态本句是一个主从复合句,它的时间状语是3月12B因此定语从句的谓语用一般过去时,且breakout不及物动词短语,无被动语态,因此排除B、C两项,untilnow与现在完成时连用,排除D项,只有A项符合题意,应选AB1D[解析]考查定语从句根据句意可知前句是后句的原因,而此处why不能引导定语从句需用forwhich;which引导定语从句指代前面整句内容,并在从句中作主语或宾语,但是后面的句子主谓宾都有,所以不用关系代词which或as应选DC[解析]考查介词短语apartfrom“除了……之外〃,符合句意“如今的孩子除了繁重的学校作业外,他们还要在业余时间不得不上绘画,音乐和体育课〃oratherthan而不是〃;owingto因为;由于〃;expectfor排除的是细节C[解析]考查非谓语动词leadin9和最大的月亮之间是主谓关系,用现在分词作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果,而不定式那么表示出乎意料的让人失望的结果句意为2021年最大的月亮出现在一个星期六的晚上,致使中国观察者聚集在户外记录下这一光芒景象B[解析]考查副词句意我听到警报声一早上响个不停,显然发生了紧急事情oobviously显然,明显地;gf合句意really真正地,强调事情的真假;especially尤其,特别;terri—bly糟糕地;可怕地A[解析]考查名词性从句that引导同位语从句,对evidence的内容进行说明,而且没有意义,只是起连接作用其余选项引导同位语从句,在从句中都有意义和作用,所以只有A项符合句意为这些数据进一步证明孩子们曼有可能患近视完形填空ABAICCABBDCCDBA阅读理解D[解析]本文主要讲的是酒后驾车在美国很泛滥,成为美国社会的一个难以解决的社会问题D项最能概括本文大意A[解析]根据第三段的第一句可知,美国的二十个州已经把合法饮酒的年龄提高到21岁,改变了20世纪60年代把合法饮酒年龄降到18岁的风潮所以,16岁的男孩饮酒后开车是违法的故此题选AC[解析]根据第四段可知,专家认为通过教育措施来培养年轻人对饮酒负责任的态度并教导他们如何去抵抗同伴饮酒的压力是更为有效的故此题选Co.BB[解析]根据最后一段的最后一句,可知作者对针对酒后驾车的法律所能起到的作用持悲观态度BAD[解析]第四段中所描述的街上的场景都属于冒险,所以答案选DC[解析]根据文章的内容,很多人在提供的冒险面前都选择拒绝A选项说他们会因生气而好奇,文章没有提到B选项说他们会接受,和文意相反C选项说他们会觉得为难,然后拒绝,符合文意D选项说会很害怕,然后呼救,文中也没有提到所以答案选CD[解析]根据文章的意思,当人们步入老年才会懊悔这一辈子没有做什么事情去体验什么是真正的浪漫和冒险所以答案选D当他们走到漫长而平静的一生的终点的时候D[解析]根据第一段中的第三句提到了人口和不同的角色,第四句提到了不同的社会阶层,没有提及不同的位置,故此题选DC[解析]根据第二段的第一句可知,当欧洲城市生活的根底才刚刚开始的时候,中东的城市生活已经从古城市文明中开展起来了故此题选CD[解析]根据第三段中的第三句可知,市场也是一个很重要的地理标志故此题选DC[解析]根据最后一句可知,一个面积是原先面积很多倍的大型现代城市,是很难再寻到其核沉降的概貌可推断面积不大是容易探寻其核沉降的概貌的原因D[解析]本文通篇都讲述了古代城市的特点,因此D项最适合作为本文的标题A[解析]此题可直接选出答案,也可由后文故事情节推测得出DCDD[解析]通过文章最后一段可以得到结论D其余三项说法错误翻译在互联网信息资源的鼓励下,中国的青少年正在打破几个世纪以来的传统,敢于向教师挑战,在课堂上表达自己的观点据美国大学理事会记载,30年前,大学毕业的男生和女生只比仅拿到高中文凭的成人的收入多百分之十九到百分之三十五你可以在电脑里储存上千个分散的日记条目,而搜寻这些条目仅仅是几秒钟的事情,比方说,搜寻一个你五年前住过的宾馆的具体信息、右翼战略曾经把全球气候变暖描绘成一个高调的假设场景,这实际上把它归入了60年代偏执行为的行列1997年掀起了一系列的改革浪潮,使中国教育体系方针从机械学习转变为注重独立思考书面表达Onepossibleversion:TheRoleofMigrantWorkersAsisknowntoallmigrantworkershavemadeagreatcontributiontotheprosperityofcities.Mostofthemworkonconstructionsites.Thereisnodoubtthatwithoutmigrantworkersmanyoftheconstructionprojectswouldhavetobeheldupforlackofmanpower.Inadditionalargenumberofmigrantworkersisafactorwhichstimulatestheconsumptionoffoodanddailyitems.Allthesearepositiveaspectsofmigrantworkersincities.Howeverasapopularsayinggoes^Everythinghastwosides”.Thesameisthecasewithmi-grantworkers.Firsttheyhavetroublesgettingtheirchildrenintochildcarecentersandschoolsbe-causetheyareunregisteredresidentsinthecity.Secondmostofthemigrantworkersswarmintobigcitiesjusttomakemoney-Beingignorantandincompetentsomeofthemwouldstopatnothingtogetwhattheywant.Thereforetheyareapotentialthreattothepeaceandstabilityofthesociety.Inmyopinionweshouldappreciatethegreatcontributionmadebythemandatthesametimepayenoughattentiontotheproblemscausedbythem.教学设计Onepossibleversion:Step
1.WarmingupStudentstalkaboutthepicturesonthetextbookwiththeteachershelp.AnabacusisanoldcalculatingmachineusedinChinauntilnow.Ahugecomputerisbuilttosolvesomemathematicalproblems.Butitistoobig.Acalculatorisanewcalculatingmachinewhichcansolvealargenumberofmathematicalprob-1ems.APCisapersonalcomputerwhichcansolveallkindsofproblemsandisusedwidelynow.Anotebookcomputerisakindofusefulcomputerwhichcanbetakenconvenientlylikeanote-book.Nowletsdiscusswhattheyhaveincommoninsmallgroups.Remembertousesomeofthefollowingexpressions.Ithinkthat...Inmyopinion...Ibelievethat...WhatsyouropinionWhydoyouthinksoStep
2.ListeningStudentsareaskedtoreadfasttherequirementoftheExerciseandtofindoutthe1isteningpointsfirst.Then1istentothetapetwicetocompletetheExercise.Step
3.TalkingImaginingthatyourfamilyisthinkingofbuyingarobot.Youcanaffordthethreerobotsmen-tionedinthelisteningtext.Pleasediscusswhichoneisthebestforyou.Remembertodiscusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofeachone-Thenmakeyourchoiceandgivereasons.Usethefollowingexpressionsinthediscussion:Ibelievethat...1thinkthisoneisbetterbecause...Letsmakeourdecision.••Inmyopinion...Ivedecided...Idontlikethisonebecause...2021上海教师招聘考试中学英语模拟试题及答案三第一局部英语学科专业知识
1.词汇与结构/Vocabularyandstructure(15分)从每题所给的A、B、c、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项一一Wouldyoulikemetoshowyouthewaysverykindofyou.youcould.idea!greatpleasure!
1.A.B.C.D.
2.ThatYesGoodWith一一Inventorshavechangedthewaywelive.一SotheyarefamousforthegreatA.B.C.D.
3.thingstheydodidaredoinghaddone一Haveyoufoundtheinformationaboutfamouspeopleyoucanuseforthereport―Notyet.r11A.B.C.D.
4.A.B.C.D.
5.A.B.C.D.
6.A.B.C.D.
7.A.B.C.D.whichwhowhatwhomhebutandsearchsomeonthewastiredThough;Though;Though;AlthoughYouneedn,tmightn,tmustn,twontElephantswoulddiediediedieorpractisedownoutawayoffInternet.hestillworkedhard.thedrumswhilethebabyissleeping.ifmenwereallowedtoshootasmanyastheywished.Ileftmypenonthedeskandnowitsgone;whotookhastakenwilltakehadtakenitTheyoungladynothingbutfashionsonwhichshespendsalot.caresforappliesforsendsforrunsfor一HowiseverythinggoingonwithyouinAmerica--Quitewell.NotsosmoothlyasIhope.eithertoothoughyetYoubehungryalready--youhadlunchonlytwohoursago.wouldn,tcantmustn,t!•neednt完形填空/Cloze30分Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquencycrimescommittedbyyoungpeo-plefocuseitherontheindividualoronsocietyasthemajorcontributinginfluence.Theories16ontheindividualsuggestthatchildrenengageincriminalbehavior17theywerenotsufficientlypenalizedforpreviousmisdeedsorthattheyhavelearnedcriminalbehaviorthrough18withoth-ers.Theoriesfocusingontheroleofsocietythatchildrencommitcrimesin19totheirfailuretoriseabovetheirsocioeconomicstatusorasarejectionofmiddle-classvalues.Mosttheoriesofjuveniledelinquencyhavefocusedonchildrendisadvantagedfamilies20thefactthatchildrenfromwealthyhomesalsocommitcrimes.Thelattermaycommitcrimesforlackofadequateparentalcontrol.Alltheorieshoweveraretentativeandare21tocriticism.Changesinthesocialstructuremayindirectly22juvenilecrimerates.Forexamplechan-gesintheeconomythatleadtofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthandrisingunemployment23makegainfulemploymentincreasinglydifficulttoobtain.Theresultingdiscontentmayin24leadmoreyouthsintocriminalbehavior.Familieshavealso25changestheseyears.Morefamiliesconsistofone-parenthouseholdsortwoworkingparents;26childrenarelikelytohavelesssupervisionathome27wascommoninthetraditionalfamily
28.Thislackofparentalsupervisionisthoughttobeaninflu^enceonjuvenilecrimerates.Otheridentifiablecausesofoffensiveactsincludefrustrationorfailureinschooltheincreased29ofdrugsandalcoholandthegrowing30ofchildabuseandchildneglect.Alltheseconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityofaehildcommittingacriminalactalthoughadirectcausalrelationshiphasnotyetbeenestablished.
16.A.actingcenteringrelyingcommenting
17.A.beforeB.unlessC.becauseD.until
18.A.cooperationB.assimilationC.interactionsD.consultation
19.A.responseB.C.replyreferenceD.return
20.A.consideringB.C.
1.discardinghighlightingignoring
21.A.immuneB.C.subjectsensitiveD.resistant
22.A.checkB.reduceC.affectD.reflect
23.A.B.inonaveragegeneralC.bycontrastD.at
24.lengthA.turnB.shortC.caseD.essence
25.A.survivedB.C.experiencedundertakenI.noticedA.similarlycontrarilysimultaneouslyDeconsequentlyA.asB.thatC.thanD.whichA.heritagesystemconceptstructureA.availabilityrestrictionallocationexpenseA.popularityawarenessexposure阅读理解/Readingcomprehension(46分)AInarecentannouncementHarvardandtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MTT)saidthattheyhavejoinedforcestoofferfreeonlinecoursesinanefforttoattractmillionsofonlinelearn-ersworldwide.Beginningthisfallanumberofcoursesdevelopedbyteachersatbothuniversitieswillbeof-feredonlinethroughanewMYM60millionprogramknownasedX.AnyonewithanInternetcon-nectionanywhereintheworldcanuseouronlinecoursesz,HarvardPresidentDrewFaustsaiddur-ingameetingtoannouncetheplan.MTThasofferedaprogramcalledOpenCourseWarefortenyearsthatmakesmaterialsfrommorethan2000classesfreeonline.Ithasbeenusedbymorethan100millionpeople.InDecembertheschoolannounceditalsowouldbeginofferingaspecialcertificateknownasMITxforpeoplewhocompletecertainonlinecourses.Harvardhaslongofferedcoursestoawiderpopulationthroughasimilarprogram.TheMITxwillserveasthefoundationforthenewlearningplatform.MITPresidentSusanHockfieldsaidmorethan120000peoplesignedupforthefirstMITxcourse.ShesaidHarvardandMIThopeotheruniversitieswilljointheminofferingcoursesontheopen-sourceedXplatform.FastenyourseatbeltsHockfieldsaid.OtheruniversitiesincludingStanfordYaleandCarnegie-MelIonhavebeenexperimentingwithteachingtoaglobalpopulationonline.TheHarvard-MITprogramwillbemonitoredbyanot-for-profit(非盈利fitl)organizationbasedinCambridgetobeownedequallybythetwouniversities.BothMITandHarvardhaveprovidedMYM30milliontostarttheprogram.TheyalsoplantousetheedXplatformtoresearchhowstudentslearnandwhichteachingmethodsandtoolsaremostsuccessful.AccordingtothistextedXis.apartofthefreeMITOpenCourseWareafreecomputerprogrambyMITandHarvardaHarvard-MITplatformoffreeonlinecoursesafreeprogramonlineforuniversitiesworldwideWhatissaidaboutonlineeducationinthetextUniversitieshavebeentryingonlinecourses.About2000onlinecourseshavebeenoffered.Over100millionpeoplehavefinishedcoursesonline.StanfordandYaletogetherhavecoursessimilartoedX.Theunderlinedpartinthesixthparagraphprobablymeans.〃GetreadyforthedifficultiesGetreadyforthiseducationalchangeGetpreparedtocompletetheonlinecoursesGetpreparedtomakematerialsfortheedXcoursesWhatcanbesaidaboutMITxaccordingtothetextItisfirstofferedaspartoftheedXlearningprogram.ItisanotherfreeMTT-Harvardonlinelearningprogram.Itisastandardtorecognizeonlinelearnersachievement.ItisanewkindoffreeonlinecourseofHarvardandMIT.BPlantsarefloweringfasterthanscientistspredicted(预测)inreactiontoclimatechangewhichcouldhavelongdamagingeffectsonfoodchainsandecosystems.Globalwarmingishavingagreateffectonhundredsofplantandanimalspeciesaroundtheworldchangingsomelivingpatternsscientistssay.Increasedcarbondioxide(C02)intheairfromburningcoalandoilcanhaveaneffectonhowplantsproduceoxygenwhilehighertemperaturesandchangeablerainfallpatternscanchangetheirpatternsofgrowth.Predictingspeciesreactiontoclimatechangeisamajorchallengeinecologysaidthere-searchesofseveralU.S.universities.Theysaidplantshadbeenthekeyobjectofstudybecausetheirreactiontoclimatechangecouldhaveaneffectonfoodchainsandecosystemservices.ThestudypublishedontheNaturewebsiteusesthefindingsfromplantlifecyclestudiesandexperimentsacrossfourcontinentsand1634species.Itfoundthatsomeexperimentshadunderesti-mated(低估)thespeedoffloweringby
8.5timesandleafingby4times.〃Acrossallspeciestheexperimentsunder-predictedthespeedoftheadvance--forbothlea-fingandflowering--thatresultsfromtemperatureincreasesthestudysaid.Thedesignoffutureexperimentsmayneedtobeimprovedtobetterpredicthowplantswillreacttoclimatechangeitsaid.PlantsarenecessaryforlifeontheEarth.Theyarethebaseofthefoodchainusingphotosyn-thesis(光合作用)toproducesugarfromcarbondioxideandwater.Theyletoutoxygenwhichisnee-dedbynearlyeveryorganismontheplanet.°C°Ceverytenyearssince
1979.Sofareffortstocutemissions(排放)ofplanet-warminggreenhousegasesarenotseenase-noughtopreventtheEarthheatingupbeyond
2、Cthiscentury--apointscientistssaywi11bringthedangerofachangeablechmateinwhichweatherextremesarecommonleadingtodroughtfloodscropfailuresandrisingsealevels.Whatisthekeyinformationtheauthorwantsdeliverinparagraph1Plantsreactiontoweathercouldhavedamagingeffectsonecosystem.Theincreasingspeedoffloweringisbeyondscientists1expectation.Climatechangeleadstothechangeoffoodproductionpatterns.Foodchainshavebeenseriouslydamagedbecauseofweather.WecanlearnfromthestudypublishedontheNaturewebsitethat.plantsfloweringis
8.5timesfasterthanleafingthereare1634plantspeciesonthefourcontinentsscientistsshouldimprovethedesignoftheexperimentstheexperimentsfailedtopredicthowplantsreacttoclimatechangeScientistspayspecialattentiontothestudyofplantsbecause•theycanprovetheclimatechangeclearlytheyareveryimportantinthefoodchainstheyplayaleadingroleinreducingglobalwarmingtheyaregrowingandfloweringmuchfasterthanbeforeWhatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphsabouttheworldstemperature°Csince
1979.B-Itschangewillleadtoweatherextremes.°Chigherin1979thanthatof
1990.Itneedstobecontrolledwithin2°Cinthiscentury.cWhenyouwanttogoshoppingdecidehowmuchmoneyyoucanspendfornewclothes-Thinkaboutthekindofclothesyoureallyneed.Thenlookforthoseclothesonsale(销售).Therearelabels(标签)insideallnewclothes.Thelabelstellyouhowtotakecareofyourclothes.Thelabelforashirtmaytellyoutowashitinwarmwater.Asweaterlabelmaytellyoutowashbywashingincoldwater.Thelabelonacoatmaysay〃drycleanonly.〃Washingmayruin(损坏)thiscoat.Ifyoudoasthedirections(说明)sayonthelabelyoucankeepyourclothesloo-kingtheirbest.Manyclothestodaymustbedrycleaned.Drycleaningisexpensive.Whenbuyingnewclothescheck(核实)toseeiftheywillneedtobedrycleaned.Youwillsavemoneyifyoubuyclothesthatcanbewashed.Youcansavemoneyifyoubuyclothesthatarewellmade.Well-madeclotheslastlonger.Theylookgoodevenaftertheyhavebeenwashedmanytimes.Clothesthatcostmoremoneyarenotalwaysbettermade.Theydonotalwaysfit(合身)better.Sometimelessexpensiveclotheslookandfitbetterthanmoreexpensiveclothes.Ifyouwanttosavemoneyyoucanbuyclothesthat.don,tfityoudontlastlongneedtobedrycleanedI)canbewashedThelabelinsidetheclothestellyou.howtokeepthemlookingtheirbesthowtosavemoneyC-whethertheyfityouornotI)wheretogetthemdrycleanedThefirstthingforyoutodobeforeyoubuyclothesis.tolookforwell-madeclothestoseehowmuchmoneyyoucanpaytoknowhowtowashthemtoreadthelabelsinsidethemWelearnfromthereadingthatcheaperclothes.arealwaysworsemademustbedrycleanedcannotbewashedcansometimesfityoubetterThebesttitle(标题)forthereadingshouldbe.BuyingLessExpensiveClothesTakingEnoughMoneyWhenShoppingBeingaCleverClothesShopperChoosingtheLabelsinsideNewClothes44-48缺EFourstudentsfromdifferentcountriesarecampingandtheyaretalkingabouttheweather.LetslistentothenWaxili:Iliveinmoscow•Therearestormstoooftenthere.Whentheskyisdarkandcloudsaremovingacrosstheskythestormiscoming.Idontlikethat.Alwaysitsnotsafeinthestorm.Joe:IcomefromAustralia.Ineverseeasnowyday.ItsveryhotmostoItrsquitecoldinwinterrsowefthetimeinourcountry.InwinteriwearwarmclothesManypeopltsnotverycold.elikesnow-yweatherbecausetheycanmakesnowmenandenjoythemselves.
49.ItisinAustraliawhenthefourstudentsarecamping.springwinterautumnsummer书面表达/Writing24分假设你是大学一年级新生李依开学之初,你的英语老师MsLi希望了解每位同学的英语学习情况,并征求教学建议请按以下要点用英语给她写一封信对英语学习的认识;自己目前的英语水平;自己英语学习存在的主要问题;对英语教学的两点建议注意词数100左右;信的开头和结尾已给出DearMsLirmveryhappytohaveyouasourEnglishteacher.第二局部教育理论与实践单项选择题每题1分,共5分桑代克的准备律与现代学习心理学中的相一致动机原理强化原理学习的开展准备原理成熟概念区分操作条件反响与经典条件反响的正确标准是行为发生是否是有意的新的S—R联结是否形成强化物是否出现在新的反响前以上都是机械学习与有意义学习划分的主要依据是学生是否理解学习材料学生是否主动学习要学习的主要内容是呈现还是由学生发现学习目的是解决问题或是获得知识根据学习的定义,以下属于学习的现象是吃了酸的食物流唾液望梅止渴蜘蛛织网儿童模仿电影中人物的行为小明原来见了陌生人就躲避上幼儿园一个月后,小明的这种行为消失了根据加涅的学习结果分类,这里发生1的学习言语信息智慧技能动作桔能杰度填空题每空1分,共5分师生关系在教育内容的教学上构成美系,在人格上是关系,在社会道德上是奖系第一个提出要使教育学成为科学,并认为应以伦理学和心理学作为教育学的理论根底的教育家是O被誉为“教育学之父〃的捷克教育家于1657年发表的大教学论?,是近代最早的一本教育学专著简答题每题5分,共10分.什么是形成性评价为什么在英语教学过程中应以形成性评价为主?.什么是循序渐进原那么?贯彻循序渐进原那么的根本要求有哪些?参考答案第一局部英语学科专业知识词汇与结构AB[解析]根据句子意思“创造家改变了我们的生活〃“所以他们因为他们的伟大创造闻名于世〃可知创造家的创作活动发生在过去,首句用现在完成时表示过去的活动对现在产生的影响因此所填的时态应为一般过去时答案为B选项AC[解析]很明显前一句开头是“虽然〃,英语中前面有“虽然〃后面就没有“但是〃所以答案选CC[解析]neednt不必;niightnt可能不;mustnt表示禁止,在此相当于cant.且语气更强;wont不将由句意可知C为正确选项B[解析]diedown(慢慢)熄灭,平静下来;dieout(家族、种族、习俗、观念等)灭绝,绝迹;dieaway(声音、风、光线等)渐息,渐弱;dieoff一个一个地死去B[解析]此处用现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响或结果,即笔不见是由于人己经把它拿走了AC[解析]though表示“虽然〃可放在句末,符合题意B[解析]因为后句说“你两个小时前刚吃的饭〃,所以前句应该表示“你不可能己经饿了〃cant表示“不可能〃完形填空BCCADBc[解析]社会结构中的变化会间接影响少年犯罪率故此题选cBABDC[解析]less・・・than是固定的搭配故此题选CDADIII.阅读理解CAB[解析]词义推断题此句的字面意思为“系好平安带〃结合文章的意思便是为这些大学在网上开设免费课程这一教育的变革做好准备故答案为BCBCBDDA[解析]此题为理解题第二段的第二句话应该被看作主题句从此句可以看出该题答案选择A一般来说,文章的段落常有概括中心思想的主题句,且多位于段首或段末,有时也会夹在中间对无主题句的篇章,考生应对文章进行分析和归纳,然后概括中心思想B[解析]此题为直接题从文章第一段第一句可以看出答案选BD[解析]此题为推理题,文章中虽然没有直接信息,但从文章第二段及第三段很容易推断出A、B、C三项都是错误的又从第三段最后一句话可以推断出答案选I)CBCDCABCBAD[解析]本篇材料描述的是不同地区的天气状况翻译题IhavesomedifficultiesinEnglishpronunciation.Haveapleasant/wonderfultimeinShenzhen.IhavemadeupmymindtolearnEnglishwell.Itissaidthatthemanwasmurderedlastnight.Itistoocoldtogotoswimtoday.书面表达Onepossibleversion:DearMsLiIamveryhappytohaveyouasourEnglishteacher.AstheworldisbecomingaglobalvillageEnglishisgettingmoreandmoreimportantsomas-teringEnglishmeanswecanseetheworldthroughanewwindow.MyEnglishisontheaveragelevelandthetwomainproblemsinmystudyarethatIfeelitdiffi-culttolearnwordsbyheartandthatIoftenfeelnervouswhenspeakingEnglish.Ireallyhopethalyoucangivemegoodadviceonhowtomemorizenewwords.Anothersuggestionistogiveusmorechancestopracticespeaking.IbelievewecanmakemuchprogressinEnglishwithyourhelp.Thankyou!第二局部教育理论与实践
1.单项选择题c[解析]桑代克的准备律是指学习者在学习开始口寸的预备定势学习者有准备而且给以活动就感到满意,有准备而无活动就会感到烦恼,学习者无准备而强制其活动也会感到烦恼所有此题选CA[解析]操作性条件反响与经典条件反响最根本的区别是行为是否是有机体的自发行为A[解析]奥苏伯尔把有意义学习的实质概括为语言文字符号所代表的新知识与学习者认知结构中已有的适当观念建立起非人为性和实质性的联系它也是区分机械学习与有意义学习的主要依据简单来说,即学生是否理解学习材料D[解析]学习是人和动物在生活过程中,通过获得经验而产生的行为或行为潜能的相对持久的适应性变化A项是非条件反射;B项是条件反射;C项是本能;D项是学习行为D[解析]加涅将人类学习分成五类,分别是言语信息、智慧技能、认知策略、动作技能和态度除了作为行为根底的性能之外,学习还会导致影响个体行为选择的内部状态的建立这种学习结果,就是态度题干表述符合态度的学习,所以此题选I)II.填空题授受民主平等相互促进[解析]略赫尔巴特[解析]略夸美纽斯[解析]夸美纽斯被誉为“教育学之父〃简答题[参考答案]1形成性评价是指教师在英语教学过程中,通过问卷法、问答法、观察记录法、学生作品分析法以及测验等方法,对学生学习过程中表现出的兴趣、态度、参与活动程度和他们的语言开展状态作出判断,对他们的学习尝试作出肯定,以促进学生的学习积极性帮助教师改良教学形成性评价还包括学生相互评价和学生自我评价等方式,它伴随着整个英语教学过程,对英语教学起着十分重要的促进作用2英语教学过程中之所以以形成性评价为主,是因为在英语教学中实施形成性评价有利于激发和培养学生学习英语的兴趣,增强学生学习动机调动全体学生的积极性,使每一个学生都能参与到教学的各个环节中来;创造一种紧张而又活泼的课堂气氛;让每一个学生都能发现自己的优点,看到自己的进步,由此使每一个学生的价值在英语课堂得以表达,从而帮助学生树立自信心;培养学生良好的学习习惯和形成有效的学习策略;培养学生自我管理的意识和能力;开展学生自主学习的能力和合作精神,从而不断提高教育教学水平,提高英语教学质量10・[参考答案]1循序渐进原那么是指教学要按照学科的逻辑系统和学生认识开展的顺序进行,使学生系统地掌握根底知识、根本技能,形成严密的逻辑思维能力2贯彻循序渐进原那么的根本要求第一,按教材的系统性进行教学要求教师深入领会教材的系统性,结合学生认识特点进行讲授第二,注意主要矛盾,解决好重点与难点的教学要围绕重点对学生进行启发诱导,以保证学生正确掌握根本观念和根本技能第三,由浅入深,由易到难,由简到繁这是符合学生认识规律的,不得违反A.wouldgoB.willgoC.wentD.havegone
6.WhenItrytounderstandthatpreventssomanyAmericansfrombeingas
2.学校心理辅导的原那么有;〔1)面向全体学生原那么;⑵开展性原那么;
(3)尊重与理解学生原那么;⑷尊重学生主体性原那么;
(5)因材施教原那么;⑹整体性开展原那么⑸顺向迁移与逆向迁移英语一局部(50分)PartI:VocabularyandStructure10%
1.A
2.D
3.A
4.c
5.C
6.C
7.A
8.B
9.c
10.AB.resortingC.goingD.complaining
17.A.suitableB.responsibleC.responsiveD.applicable
18.A.involvedB.engagedC.encounteredD.evolved
19.A.studiedB.investigatedC.examinedD.scanned。