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[定语从句知识总结]简单定语从句例句100句定语从句关系代词thatwhichwhowhomwhoseas引导词限制性定语从句(对于所修饰的词进行解释和限定)关系副词whenwherewhy定语从句非限制性定语从句ThegirlthatIsawjustnowisverybeautiful.判断是否影响整句话的完整性一个是名词/代词,一个是句子或名词.定语从句=先行词+关系词+从句一.定语从句
(一)限制性定语从句
1.关系代词引导的定语从句定语从句的连接词不可以用what.先行词为人
1.who作为引导词在从句中做主语1TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.2YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.
2.whom作为引导词在定语从句中充当宾语常可省略1Mr.Liuisthepersonyoutalkedaboutonthebus.2Mr.LingisjusttheboywhomIwanttosee.注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体(仅指说话的场合)中常用who代替可省略3Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.
3.that作为引导词,指人,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语
(1)Iwanttobeaguythatsheis.表语
(2)TheboysthatareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(主语)
(3)Mr.LingisjusttheboythatIwanttosee.宾语先行词为物
1.which指物在定语从句中做主语或者宾语做宾语时可省略1Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.2Thisisthepenwhichheboughtyesterday.
2.that指物相当于which在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语做宾语时可省略5Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whoetovisitthecityeachyearrisesonemillion.6Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorningwhose通常指人也可指物在定语从句中做定语这里呢建议主要从句意上来体会不同1Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.2Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时常用以下结构来代替3Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.4Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.5Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow6Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时从句常由介词+关系代词引导(
1.作用是什么,充当什么成分
2.介词的选取)解释DoyouknowtheladywithwhomourmanageristalkingintheofficeDoyouknowtheladywhomourmanageristalkingwithintheoffice及物动词词组Talk:talk是不及物动词vi.谈话说讨论商议演讲传达意思通话通讯会说话;有讲话的能力说闲话;揭人隐私传播小道消息实质上,介词+代词=副词(在作用上)规那么指“人”,用“介词+whom”;如果指“物”,用“介词+which”1Theschoolthat/whichheoncestudiedinisveryfamous.2Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.3TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazinethat/whichyouaskedfor.4TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.5We”llgotohearthefamoussingerwhom/that/whowehaveoftentalkedabout.6We”llgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.注意:
1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用如:lookforlookaftertakecareof1Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.T2ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.F
2.假设介词放在关系代词前关系代词指人时用whom不可用who或者that;指物时用which不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose1Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.T2Themanwithwho/thatyoutalkedismyfriend.F3TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisveryfortable.T4TheplaneinthatweflewintoCanadaisveryfortable.F
3.“介词+关系代词”前可有someanynonebothallneithermosteachfew等代词或者数词1Helovedhisparentsdeeplybothofwhomareverykindtohim.(bekindof)2Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapplessomeofwhichhavegonebad.3Therearefortystudentsinourclassinallmostofwhomarefrombigcities.关系副词引导的定语从句
1.when指时间在定语从句中做时间状语1IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.2Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.
2.where指地点在定语从句中做地点状语1ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.2ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.
3.why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语1Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.2Idon”tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.注意:关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换1Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear一般用for2Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.3GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecitywhereIwasborn.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句举例:1TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.2Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.非限制性定语从句举例:1Hismotherwholoveshimverymuchisstrictwithhim.2Chinawhichwasfoundedin1949isbeingmoreandmorepowerful.要注意区分以下几个句子的不同Ibelieveitanotisaboy.判断是否影响整句话的完整性1Hisbrotherwhoisnowadoctoralwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学他还有其他的哥哥2Hisbrotherwhoisnowadoctoralwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.他的哥哥是当医生的常鼓励他要考上大学他只有一个哥哥难点分析一限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况
1.领先行词是anythingeverythingnothingsomething除外fewallnonelittlesome等代词时或者是由everyanyallsomenolittlefewmuch等修饰时1HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lihassaid2Thereseemstobenothingthatseemsimpossibleforhimintheworld.3Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.4ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.注意:领先行词指人时偶尔也可以用who4Anymanthat/.whohasasenseofdutywon”tdosuchathing.默认没有
2.领先行词被序数词修饰1ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.
3.领先行词被形容词最高级或比拟级修饰时1ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.
4.领先行词被veryonly修饰时1ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy2Afterthefireinhishousetheoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned.领先行词指人时偶尔也可以用who3WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting/
5.领先行词前面有whowhich等疑问代词时1Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere2WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost
6.领先行词既有人也有动物或者物体时1Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned只用whichwhom
1..领先行词有限定性修饰词时whatwasthenameofthewarintheUSAwhichlasted5years
2.领先行词是oneonesanyone等时用who;those做先行词时指人用who指物用whichThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere.HewhohasneverbeentotheGreatWallisnotatrueman.
3.介词+whichwhom二关系代词as和which引导的定语从句las和which引导非限制性定语从句有相同之处也有不同之处具体情况是:
1.As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语代表前面整个句子1Hemarriedheras/whichwasnatural2Hewashonestas/whichwecansee.
2.as引导非限制性定语从句可放在主句之前或者主句之后甚至可以切割一个主句;which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后另外as有“正如……正像……”的意思1AsisknowntoallChinaisadevelopingcountry.2Heisfromthesouthaswecanseefromhisaent.3Johnasyouknowisafamouswriter.4HehasbeentoParismorethanseveraltimeswhichIdon”tbelieve.注意:当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时常用which5Tomwasalwayslateforschoolwhichmadehisteacherangry.
3.领先行次受suchthesame修饰时常用as1Ihaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.2Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.3ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.注意:领先行次由thesame修饰时偶尔也用that引导定语从句但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同4SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary”swedding.(同一事物)她穿着她在Mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子5Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.(非同一事物)她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子三以theway为先行词的定语从句通常由inwhichthat引导而且通常可以省略常考1way作先行词如果是在定语从句中是作主语或宾语与其他名词做先行词用法一样如thisisthewaythat/whichhehelpsmealot作主语这就是对我帮助很大的方法thisisthewaythat/which/省略hetoldme作宾语这就是他告诉我的那种方法2way作先行词如果是在定语从句中作状语有三种引导方法a.thewayinwhichb.thewaythatc.theway省略关系词如thisistheway/inwhich/that/hestudiesenglish这就是他学习英语的方法theway在定从中作方式状语修饰学习也就是他用这种方法学习英语四区分定语从句和同位语从句
1.定语从句修饰先行词它和先行词是修饰关系;同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容是补充说明的关系,两者性质不同,地位不同1TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforLondon.定语从句2Thefactthathehasbeendeadisclear.同位于从句判断看缺不缺成分
2.定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导关系词在句中充当成分有时可以省略;同位语从句主要由that引导在句中一般不做成分,不能省略!;句子也可以由whenwherehowwhywhetherwhat等词引导充当成分1Thenewshetoldmeistrue.2Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.3Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.定语4Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.
(五)去掉结构后是否是一个完整的句子ItisIthat/whowenttohelphimassoonasIcan.As:
1.As可以引导定语从句.有时可译为“正如”.此时常常是as从句在前主句在后.例如AswecanseeheisaChinese.
2.As还可引导原因状语从句“因为由于”例如Asheissolazyhenevercooksbyhimself.cold
3.As还可引导时间状语从句“当随着”例如Astheweatheriscolderandcoldertheleavesofthetreeislessandless.
4.As还可引导方式状语从句“按照”例如YoumustdotheworkasIhavetoldyou.
5.As还可引导让步状语从句.“尽管”.但是注意as引导方式状语从句时从句必须倒装.而且这种倒装和一般的倒装不一样.as从句的倒装一般是把从句的表语或作状语的副词提到as之前(如果表语是一个带有不定冠词a或an的单数名词倒装后a或an必须省略.例如asheisalittleboyheknowsalot.如果变成由AS引导就必须变成Littleboyasheisheknowsalot.Thoughheworkshardheneversueed.可变为Hardasheworksheneversueed.模板内容仅供参考 。