2017年专升本学位英语真题解析（二）

2017年真题解析

（二）PartII

14.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutformingnewhabitsA.Itiseasierthanpeoplehaveexpected.B.Itisbestdonethroughphysicalaction.C.Itmustbedonebymakingcarefulplans.D.Itcanbeachievedbyinterruptingoldpatterns.网校答案D网校解析细节题根据文章第四段第二句可知，打破旧模式可以为新模式创造空间，由此可推断出，养成新习惯可以通过打破旧的习惯模式来实现，故答案为D文章第二段第三句提到，培养好习惯，说起来容易做起来难由此可知，养成新习惯可能比我们想象的要难，选项A（它比人们预想的更为容易）与原文表述相反，故排除文章第四段第三句提到，打破你的模式的几种方法是让自己感到震惊，或者说一些有趣的东西，让自己大笑，或者通过一些身体动作来打破你的模式但并没有说最好的方法是身体动作，选项B（最好通过身体动作）与原文信息不符，故排除选项C（必须通过制定细致的计划来实现原文未提及，故排除

15.Theauthorspurposeinwritingthepassageisto_________.A.introducewaystodevelopgoodhabitsB.identifygoodhabitsandbadhabitsC.helpbetterunderstandtheroleofhabitsD.emphasizetheimportanceofgoodhabits网校答案A网校解析主旨题通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了打破旧习惯模式、养成良好的习惯的方法文章第一段主要阐述了坏习惯所造成的一些后果，紧接着第二段引出了主题——好习惯从第三段开始讲培养好习惯的方法因此，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍培养良好习惯的方法，故答案为A选项B（确定哪些是好习惯和哪些是坏习惯）、选项C（帮助人们更好地理解好习惯的作用）和选项D（强调好习惯的重要性）均不是文章的主题，故排除PassageTwoCaneatingachocolatebareverydayreallypreventage-relatedmemorylossPeoplewouldsay“No”.CaneatingchocolatecakeforbreakfastlunchanddinnerbegoodforyourheartAgaintheywouldsayNobecausethatwouldbetoogoodtobetrue.Butnewresearchshowsthatlargeamountsofflavanols（黄烷醇）substancesfoundincocoa（可可），teaandsomevegetablesmayreverseage-relatedmemoryfailure.Anotherstudyislookingtoseeifhighlevelsofcocoaflavanolscanhelppreventheartattacksandstrokes.Flavanolsfoundindarkchocolateareknowntoincreasebloodflowinthepartofthebrainthatcontrolsmemory.Theyalsohelppreventheartdiseasebyloweringbloodpressureand“bad”（胆固醇）.Anewstudypublishedonlinefoundthatcocoaflavanolsreverseminormemorylossinolderadults.Dr.ScottSmall，aprofessoratColumbiaUniversityistheleadwriterofaresearchpaperdescribingtheeffectsofcocoaflavanolsonbrainactivity.Thestudyinvolved37volunteersagedbetween50and

69.Researchersgavethemahigh-levelflavanoldrinkmadefromcocoabeansoralow-levelflavanoldrink.Foraperiodofthreemonthssomesubjectsgot900mgofflavanoladaywhiletheothersgot10mg.Brainimagingandmemorytestsweregiventoeachsubjectbeforeandafterthestudy.Dr.Smallsaysthatthesubjectswhohadthehigh-levelflavanoldrinkshowedmuchimprovementonmemorytests.Theresearcherswarnthatmoreworkisneededbecausethisstudywasperformedonasmallgroup.ResearchersatWomensHospitalinBostonrecentlyannouncedplanstodojustthat.

16.Thefirstparagraphindicatesthat_________.A.eatingchocolateisgoodforonesheartB.peopledoubtthegoodeffectofeatingchocolateC.eatingchocolatemaypreventmemorylossD.peopleshouldnoteattoomuchchocolate网校答案B网校解析细节题根据文章第一段可知，人们对吃巧克力能预防记忆力衰退、对心脏有好处都持否定态度由此可知，人们对吃巧克力的功效持怀疑态度，故答案为B选项A（吃巧克力对心脏有好处）和选项C（吃巧克力可能会预防记忆力衰退）是文章第一段提到的两个问题，但文章明确表明人们对这两个问题持否定态度，故排除选项D（人们不应该吃太多的巧克力）原文未提及，故排除

17.StudiesshowthatflavanolscandoallthefollowingEXCEPT_________.A.takeoffextraweightB.lowerbadcholesterolC.helppreventheartdiseaseD.reversememoryfailure网校答案A网校解析细节题根据文章第三段可知，黑巧克力中的黄烷醇可以降低血压和“坏”胆固醇，帮助预防心脏病，可可黄烷醇可以扭转老年人的轻微记忆丧失，选项B（降低坏胆固醇）、选项C（帮助预防心脏病）和选项D（扭转记忆丧失）均是黄烷醇的作用，故排除选项A（减掉过多的体重）原文未提及，故答案为A

18.Thenewstudypublishedonlinefocusesontheeffectsofcocoaflavanolson________.A.weightB.bloodpressureC.memoryD.heartbeat网校答案C网校解析细节题根据文章第三段最后一句可知，一项在网上发表的新研究发现，可可黄烷醇可以扭转老年人的轻微记忆丧失由此可知，在网上发表的新研究主要关注可可黄烷醇对记忆力的影响，故答案为C选项A（体重）、选项B（血压）和选项D（心跳）均与题干所问不符，故排除

19.Thehigh-levelflavanoldrinkusedinthestudyismadefrom__________.A.coffeebeansB.cocoabeansC.vegetablesD.tea网校答案B网校解析细节题根据文章第四段第三句可知，研究人员给志愿者一种由可可豆制成的黄烷醇含量高的饮料和黄烷醇含量低的饮料，故答案为B选项A（咖啡豆）、选项C（蔬菜）和选项D（茶）均与题干所问不符，故排除

20.ResearchersatWomensHospitalinBostonwill________.A.makeafollow-upstudyofthesame37subjectsB.spendmoremoneymakingflavanoldrinksC.takemoretimetotestSmallsresultsD.dosimilarexperimentsonalargerscale网校答案D网校解析推理题根据文章最后一段最后两句可知，这项研究只是针对一小部分人群展开的，因此还需要继续研究波士顿女子医院的研究者宣布计划要做这件事由此可推断出，波士顿女子医院的研究者将做更大规模的类似实验，故答案为D选项A（对已经接受实验的37名受试者进行追踪调查）、选项B（投入更多的钱来生产黄烷醇饮料）和选项C（花更多的时间来检验斯莫尔博士的研究结果）原文未提及，故排除PassageThreeBraindrainwhichistheactionofhavinghighlyskilledandeducatedpeopleleavingtheircountrytoworkabroadhasbecomeoneofthedevelopingcountriesconcerns.Braindrainisalsoreferredtoashumancapitalflight.Moreandmorethirdworldscience-and-technology-educatedpeopleareheadingformoreprosperouscountriesseekinghigherwagesandbetterworkingcondi­tions.Thishasofcourseseriousconsequencesonthesendingcountries.Whilemanypeoplebelievethatimmigrationisapersonalchoicethatmustbeunderstoodandrespectedotherslookatthephenomenonfromadifferentperspective.Whatmakesthoseeducatedpeopleleavetheircountriesshouldbeseriouslyconsideredandadistinctionbetweenpushandpullfactorsmustbemade.Thepushfactorsincludelowwagesandlackofsatisfactoryworkingandlivingconditions.Socialunrestpoliticalconflictsandwarsmayalsobedeterminingcauses.Thepullfactorshoweverincludeacademicfreedomandextensivefundsforresearch.Braindrainhasnegativeimpactonthesendingcountries’economicprospectsandcompetitiveness.Itreducesthenumberofdynamicandcreativepeoplewhocancontributetothedevelopmentoftheircountry.Likewisewithmoreentrepreneurs（企业家）takingtheirinvestmentsabroaddevelopingcountriesaremissinganopportunityofwealthcreation.Thishasalsonegativeconsequencesontaxrevenueandemployment.Mostofthemeasurestakensofarhavenothadanysuccessinsofteningtheeffectsofbraindrain.Oneoptionistoprovideadequateworkingandlivingconditionsinthesendingcountries.Anotheroptionshouldinvolveencouragingtheexpatriates侨民tocontributetheirskilltothedevelopmentoftheircountrieswithoutnecessarilymovingbackhome.

21.Anothertermusedfor“braindrain”inthispassageis“”A.humancapitalflightB.talentlossC.wealthrelocationD.intellectualimmigration网校答案A网校解析细节题根据文章第一段第二句可知，人才流失也被称为人力资本外逃，故答案为A选项B（人才流失）虽然与“braindrain”意思相同，但并不是文章中用到的表达，故排除选项C（财富转移）和选项D（知识分子移民）均不符合题意，故排除

22.Braindrainoccurswhenmoreandmoretalentedpeople.A.movetodevelopingcountriesB.wanttoimprovetheircreativityC.movetodevelopedcountriesD.wanttofurthertheireducation网校答案C网校解析细节题根据文章第一段第三句可知，第三世界越来越多的受过科学和技术教育的人正奔向更繁荣的国家，以寻求更丰厚的薪水和更好的工作条件由此可知，人才流失现象是指越来越多的有才能的人移民到发达国家，故答案为C选项A（移民到发展中国家）与原文表述相反，故排除选项B（想要提升他们的创新能力）和选项D（想要接受更高的教育）与人才流失的概念不符，故排除。