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2018年6月大学英语四级考试真题第1套PartⅠWriting30minutesDirections:Forthispartyouareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayontheimportanceofreadingabilityandhowtodevelopit.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartⅡListeningComprehension25minutesSectionADirections:Inthissectionyouwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreportyouwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.AfteryouhearaquestionyoumustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedABCandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
1.AAnnoyed.CConfused.BScared.DOffended.
2.AItcrawledoverthewoman’shands.CItwaskilledbythepoliceonthespot.BItwounduponthesteeringwheel.DItwascoveredwithlargescales.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
3.AAstudyofthefast-foodservice.CMcDonald’snewbusinessstrategies.BFastfoodcustomersatisfaction.DCompetitioninthefast-foodindustry.
4.ACustomers’higherdemands.CIncreasedvarietyofproducts.BTheinefficiencyofemployees.DTherisingnumberofcustomers.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
5.AInternationaltreatiesregardingspacetravelprograms.BLegalissuesinvolvedincommercialspaceexploration.CU.S.government’sapprovalofprivatespacemissions.DCompetitionamongpublicandprivatespacecompanies.
6.ADeliverscientificequipmenttothemoon.BApproveanewmissiontotravelintoouterspace.CWorkwithfederalagenciesonspaceprograms.DLaunchamannedspacecrafttoMars.
7.AItissignificant.CItisunpredictable.BItispromising.DItisunprofitable.SectionBDirections:Inthissectionyouwillhoartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversationyouwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.AfteryouhoaraquestionyoumustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedABCandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
8.AVisitingherfamilyinThailand.CSwimmingaroundaThaiisland.BShowingfriendsaroundPhuket.DLyinginthesunonaThaibeach.
9.AShevisitedaThaiorphanage.CShelearnedsomeThaiwords.BShemetaThaigirl’sparents.DShesunbathedonaThaibeach.
10.AHisclasswillstartinaminute.CSomeoneisknockingathisdoor.BHehasgotanincomingphonecall.DHisphoneisrunningoutofpower.
11.AHeisinterestedinThaiartworks.BHeisgoingtoopenasouvenirshop.CHecollectsthingsfromdifferentcountries.DHewantstoknowmoreaboutThaiculture.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
12.ABuyingsomefitnessequipmentforthenewgym.BOpeningagymandbecomingpersonaltrainers.CSigningupforaweight-losscourse.DTryingoutanewgymintown.
13.AProfessionalpersonaltraining.CAdiscountforahalf-yearmembership.BFreeexerciseforthefirstweek.DAdditionalbenefitsforyoungcouples.
14.AThesafetyofweight-lifting.CTherenewalofhismembership.BThehighmembershipfee.DTheoperationoffitnessequipment.
15.AShewantsherinvitationrenewed.CSheknowsthebasicsofweight-lifting.BSheusedtodo200sit-upseveryday.DSheusedtobethegym’spersonaltrainer.SectionCDirections:Inthissectionyouwillhoarthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassageyouwillhoarthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.AfteryouhearaquestionyoumustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedABCandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
16.ATheytendtobenervousduringinterviews.BTheyoftenapplyforanumberofpositions.CTheyworryabouttheresultsoftheirapplications.DTheysearchextensivelyforemployers’information.
17.AGetbetterorganized.CFindbetter-paidjobs.BEdittheirreferences.DAnalyzethesearchingprocess.
18.AProvidetheirdataindetail.CMakeuseofbettersearchengines.BPersonalizeeachapplication.DApplyformorepromisingpositions.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
19.AIfkidsdidnotlikeschoolreallearningwouldnottakeplace.BIfnotforcedtogotoschoolkidswouldbeoutinthestreets.CIfschoolsstayedthewaytheyareparentsweresuretoprotest.DIfteachingfailedtoimprovekidswouldstayawayfromschool.
20.AAllowthemtoplayinterestinggamesinclass.BTrytostiruptheirinterestinlabexperiments.CLetthemstayhomeandlearnfromtheirparents.DDesignactivitiestheynowenjoydoingonholidays.
21.AAllowkidstolearnattheirownpace.BEncouragekidstolearnfromeachother.COrganizekidsintovariousinterestgroups.DTakekidsoutofschooltolearnatfirsthand.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
22.AItisespeciallypopularinFloridaandAlaska.BItisamajorsocialactivityamongtheyoung.CItisseenalmostanywhereandonanyoccasion.DItisevenmoreexpressivethanthewrittenword.
23.AItislocatedinabigcityinIowa.CItoffersfreedanceclassestoseniors.BItisreallymarveloustolookat.DItofferspeopleachancetosocialize.
24.ATheirstateofmindimproved.CTheyenjoyedbetterhealth.BTheybecamebetterdancers.DTheirrelationshipstrengthened.
25.AItisfun.CItisexhausting.BItislife.DItisrhythmical.PartⅢReadingComprehension40minutesSectionADirections:Inthissectionthereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Sincethe1940ssouthernCaliforniahashadareputationforsmog.ThingsarenotasbadastheyoncewerebutaccordingtotheAmericanLungAssociationLosAngelesisstilltheworstcityintheUnitedStatesforlevelsof
26.GazingdownonthecityfromtheGettyCenteranartmuseumintheSantaMonicaMountainsonewouldfindtheviewofthePacificOceanblurredbythehaze霾.Noristhestate’sbadair27toitssouth.FresnointhecentralvalleycomestopofthelistinAmericaforyear-roundpollution.Residents’heartsandlungsareaffectedasa
28.AllofwhichcombinedwithCalifornia’sreputationasthehomeoftechnological29makestheplaceidealfordevelopingandtestingsystemsdesignedtomonitorpollutionin
30.AndthatisjustwhatAclimaanewfirminSanFranciscohasbeendoingoverthepastfewmonths.Ithasbeentryingoutmonitoringstationsthatare31toyieldminute-to-minutemapsof32airpollution.Suchstationswillalsobeabletokeepaneyeonwhatishappeninginsidebuildingsincludingoffices.TothisendAclimahasbeen33withGoogle’sStreetViewsystem.DavidaHerzlAclima’sbosssaystheyhaverevealedpollutionhighsondayswhenSanFrancisco’stransitworkerswentonstrikeandthecity’s34wereforcedtousetheircars.Conversely“cycletowork”dayshavedonetheirjobby35pollutionlows.AassistedIinhabitantsBcollaboratingJinnovationCconsequenceKintendedDconsumersLoutdoorEcreatingMpollutantsFdetailNrestrictedGdomesticOsumHfrequentlySectionBDirections:Inthissectionyouaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet
2.AsTouristsCrowdOutLocalsVeniceFaces‘Endangered’ListAOnarecentfallmorningalargecrowdblockedthestepsatoneofVenice’smaintouristsitestheRialtoBridge.TheRialtoBridgeisoneofthefourbridgesspanningtheGrandCanal.ItistheoldestbridgeacrossthecanalandwasthedividinglinebetweenthedistrictsofSanMarcoandSanPolo.Butonthisdaytherewasatwist:itwastilledwithVenetiansnottourists.B“Peoplearecheeringandholdingtheircartsintheair”saysGiovanniGiorgiowhohelpedorganizethemarchwithagrass-rootsorganizationcalledGenerazione’
90.Thecartshereferstoaresmallshoppingcarts—thesymbolofatrueVenetian.“Itstartedasajoke”hesayswithalaugh.“Theideawastoputbladesonthewheels!YouknowLikeBenHur.Preciselylikethatyoujustgoaroundandrunpeopledown.”CVeniceisoneofthehottesttouristdestinationsintheworld.Butthat’saproblem.Upto90000touristscrowditsstreetsandcanalseveryday—faroutnumberingthe55000permanentresidents.Thetouristincreaseisonekeyreasonthecity’spopulationisdownfrom175000inthe1950s.TheoutnumberedVenetianshavebeensteadilyfleeing.Andthosewhostickaroundaretiredoflivinginaplacewheretheycan’tevengettothemarketwithoutswimmingthroughaseaofpicture-snappingtourists.Imaginenavigatingthrough50000peoplewhileonthewaytoschoolortowork.DLauraChigiagrandmotheratthemarchsaysthelocalandnationalgovernmentshavefailedtodoanythingaboutthecrowdsfordecadesbecausethey’reonlyinterestedintourism—theprimaryindustryinVeniceworthmorethan$3billionin
2015.“Veniceisacashcow”shesays“andeveryonewantsapiece.”EJustbeyondSt.Mark’sSquareacruiseshippassesoneofhundredseveryyearthatappearovertheirmedieval中世纪的surroundings.Theirmassivewakecreateswavesatthebottomoftheseaweakeningthefoundationsofthecenturies-oldbuildingsthemselves.“EverytimeIseeacruiseshipIfeelsad”Chigisays.“Youseethemuditdrags;thedestructionitleavesinitswakeThathurtstheancientwoodenpolesholdingupthecityunderwater.Onedaywe’llseeVenicebreakdown.”FForatimeUNESCOtheculturalwingoftheUnitedNationsseemedtoagree.TwoyearsagoitputItalyonnoticesayingthegovernmentwasnotprotectingVenice.UNESCOconsiderstheentirecityaWorldHeritageSiteagreathonorthatmeansVeniceattheculturallevelbelongstoalloftheworld’speople.In2014UNESCOgaveItalytwoyearstomanageVenice’sflourishingtourismorthecitywouldbeplacedonanotherlist—WorldHeritageInDangerjoiningsuchsitesasAleppoandPalmyradestroyedbythewarinSyria.GVenice’sdeadlinepassedwithbarelyamurmur嘟哝thissummerjustasUNESCOwasmeetinginIstanbul.OnlyonerepresentativeJadTabetfromLebanontriedtoraisetheissue.“ForseveralyearsthesituationofheritageinVenicehasbeenworseningandithasnowreachedadramaticsituation”TabettoldUNESCO.“Wehavetoactquicklythereisnotamomenttowaste.”HButUNESCOdidn’tevenholdavote.“It’sbeenpostponeduntil20l7”saysAnnaSomersthefounderandCEOofTheArtNewspaperandtheformerheadofVeniceinPerilagroupdevotedtorestoringVenetianart.ShesaysthemainreasontheU.N.culturalorganizationdidn’tvotetodeclareVeniceaWorldHeritageSiteInDangerisbecauseUNESCOhasbecome“intenselypoliticized.Therewouldhavebeensomeback-roomnegotiations.”IItalyboastsmoreUNESCOWorldHeritageSitesthananyothercountryintheworldgrantingitconsiderablepowerandinfluencewithintheorganization.TheformerheadoftheUNESCOWorldHeritageCentrewhichoverseesheritagesitesisFrancescoBandarinaVenetianwhonowservesasUNESCO’sassistantdirector-generalforculture.JEarlierthisyearItalysignedanaccordwithUNESCOtoestablishataskforceofpoliceartdetectivesandarchaeologists考古学家toprotectculturalheritagefromnaturaldisastersandterrorgroupssuchasISIS.TheaccordunderlinedItaly’sglobalreputationasagoodstewardofartandculture.KButaddingVenicetotheUNESCOendangeredlist—whichisdominatedbysitesindevelopingandconflict-riddencountries—wouldbeaninternationalembarrassmentandcouldevenhurtItaly’sprofitabletourismindustry.TheItalianCultureMinistrysaysitisunawareofanygovernmenteffortstopressureUNESCO.Asfortheorganizationitselfitdeclinedarequestforaninterview.LThecity’scurrentmayorLuigiBrugnarohasridiculedUNESCOandtoldittominditsownbusinesswhilecontinuingtosupportthecruiseshipindustrywhichemploys5000Veniceresidents.MAsforVenetiansthey’rebeyondfrustratedandhopingforasolutionsoon.“It’sanightmareforme.Somesituationsarereallydifficultwithtouristsaround”saysGiorgioashenavigatesaroundaswellingcrowdattheRialtoBridge.“Therearejustsomanyofthem.Theyneverknowwheretheyaregoinganddonotwalkinanorderlymanner.Navigatingthestreetscanbeexhausting.”NThenithitshim:Thiscrowdisn’tmadeupoftourists.They’reVenetians.Giorgiosayshe’sneverexperiencedtheRialtoBridgethiswayinallhis22years.“Foroncewearetheoneswhoareblockingthetraffic”hesaysdelightedly.“Itfeelsunreal.Itfeelslikewe’resomeformofendangeredspecies.It’sjustnice.Thefeelingisjustpure.”Butheworriesiftourismisn’tmanagedandhisfellowlocalscontinuetomovetothemainlandhisgenerationmightbethelastwhocancallthemselvesnativeVenetians.
36.ThepassingcruiseshipswillunderminethefoundationsoftheancientbuildingsinVenice.
37.TheItaliangovernmenthasjustreachedanagreementwithUNESCOtotakemeasurestoprotectitsculturalheritage.
38.TheheritagesituationinVenicehasbeendeterioratinginthepastfewyears.
39.ThedecreaseinthenumberofpermanentresidentsinVeniceismainlyduetotheincreaseoftourists.
40.IftourismgetsoutofcontrolnativeVenetiansmaydesertthecityaltogetheroneday.
41.UNESCOurgedtheItaliangovernmenttoundertakeitsresponsibilitytoprotectVenice.
42.TheparticipantsintheVenetianmarchusedshoppingcartstoshowtheywere100%localresidents.
43.IgnoringUNESCO’swarningthemayorofVenicemaintainshissupportofthecity’stourismindustry.
44.OnewomansaysthatfordecadestheItaliangovernmentandlocalauthoritieshaveonlyfocusedontherevenuesfromtourism.
45.UNESCOhasnotyetdecidedtoputVeniceonthelistofWorldHeritageSitesInDanger.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedABCandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Losingyourabilitytothinkandrememberisprettyscary.Weknowtheriskofdementia痴呆症increaseswithage.Butifyouhavememoryslipsyouprobablyneedn’tworry.Thereareprettycleardifferencesbetweensignsofdementiaandage-relatedmemoryloss.Afterage50it’squitecommontohavetroublerememberingthenamesofpeopleplacesandthingsquicklysaysDr.KirkDaffnerofBrighamandWomen’sHospitalinBoston.Thebrainagesjustliketherestofthebody.Certainpartsshrinkespeciallyareasinthebrainthatareimportanttolearningmemoryandplanning.Changesinbraincellscanaffectcommunicationbetweendifferentregionsofthebrain.Andbloodflowcanbereducedasbloodvesselsnarrow.Forgettingthenameofanactorinafavoritemovieforexampleisnothingtoworryabout.Butifyouforgettheplotofthemovieordon’trememberevenseeingitthat’sfarmoreconcerningDaffnersays.Whenyouforgetentireexperienceshesaysthat’s“aredflagthatsomethingmoreseriousmaybeinvolved.”Forgettinghowtooperateafamiliarobjectlikeamicrowaveovenorforgettinghowtodrivetothehouseofafriendyou’vevisitedmanytimesbeforecanalsobesignsofsomethinggoingwrong.ButeventhenDaffnersayspeopleshouldn’tpanic.Therearemanythingsthatcancauseconfusionandmemorylossincludinghealthproblemsliketemporarystoppageofbreathingduringsleephighbloodpressureordepressionaswellasmedications药物likeantidepressants.Youdon’thavetofigurethisoutonyourown.Daffnersuggestsgoingtoyourdoctortocheckonmedicationshealthproblemsandotherissuesthatcouldbeaffectingmemory.Andthebestdefenseagainstmemorylossistotrytopreventitbybuildingupyourbrain’scognitive认知的reserveDaffnersays.“Readbooksgotomoviestakeonnewhobbiesoractivitiesthatforceonetothinkinnovelways”hesays.Inotherwordskeepyourbrainbusyandworking.Andalsogetphysicallyactivebecauseexerciseisaknownbrainbooster.
46.Whydoestheauthorsaythatoneneedn’tbeconcernedaboutmemoryslipsANotallofthemaresymptomsofdementia.BTheyoccuronlyamongcertaingroupsofpeople.CNotallofthemarerelatedtoone’sage.DTheyarequitecommonamongfifty-year-olds.
47.WhathappensaswebecomeagedaccordingtothepassageAOurinteractionskillsdeteriorate.BSomepartsofourbrainstopfunctioning.CCommunicationwithinourbrainweakens.DOurwholebrainstartsshrinking.
48.Whichmemory-relatedsymptomshouldpeopletakeseriouslyATotallyforgettinghowtodoone’sdailyroutines.BInabilitytorecalldetailsofone’slifeexperiences.CFailuretorememberthenamesofmoviesoractors.DOccasionallyconfusingtheaddressesofone’sfriends.
49.WhatshouldpeopledowhensignsofseriousmemorylossshowupACheckthebrain’scognitivereserve.CTurntoaprofessionalforassistance.BStopmedicationsaffectingmemory.DExercisetoimprovetheirwell-being.
50.WhatisDr.Daffner’sadviceforcombatingmemorylossAHavingregularphysicalandmentalcheckups.BTakingmedicinethathelpsboostone’sbrain.CEngaginginknownmemoryrepairactivities.DStayingactivebothphysicallyandmentally.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AletterwrittenbyCharlesDarwinin1875hasbeenreturnedtotheSmithsonianInstitutionArchives档案馆bytheFBIafterbeingstolentwice.“Werealizedinthemid-1970sthatitwasmissing”saysEffieKapsalisheadoftheSmithsonianInstitutionArchives.“Itwasnotedasmissingandlikelytakenbyanintern实习生fromwhattheFBIistellingus.Wordgotoutthatitwasmissingwhensomeoneaskedtoseetheletterforresearchpurposes”andtheinternputtheletterback.“Theinternlikelytooktheletteragainoncenobodywaswatchingit.”Decadespassed.FinallytheFBIreceivedatipthatthestolendocumentwaslocatedveryclosetoWashingtonD.C.Theirartcrimeteamrecoveredtheletterbutwereunabletopresschargesbecausethetimeoflimitationshadended.TheFBIworkedcloselywiththeArchivestodeterminethattheletterwasbothauthenticanddefinitelySmithsonian’sproperty.TheletterwaswrittenbyDarwintothankanAmericangeologistDr.FerdinandVandeveerHaydenforsendinghimcopiesofhisresearchintothegeologyoftheregionthatwouldbecomeYellowstoneNationalPark.Theletterisinfairlygoodconditioninspiteofbeingoutofthecareoftrainedmuseumstaffforsolong.“Itwasluckilyingoodshape”saysKapsalis“andwejusthavetodosomeminorthingsinordertobeabletounfoldit.Ithassomeglueonitthathascoloreditslightlybutnothingthatwillpreventusfromusingit.Afteritisrepairedwewilltakedigitalphotosofitandthatwillbeavailableonline.Oneofourgoalsistogetitemsofhighresearchvalueorinteresttothepubliconline.”Itwouldnowbedifficultforaninternvisitororathieftostealadocumentlikethis.“Archivingpracticeshavechangedgreatlysincethel970s”saysKapsalis“andwekeepourhighvaluedocumentsinasafethatIdon’tevenhaveaccessto.”
51.WhathappenedtoDarwin’sletterinthel970sAItwasrecoveredbytheFBI.BItwasstolenmorethanonce.CItwasputinthearchivesforresearchpurposes.DItwaspurchasedbytheSmithsonianArchives.
52.WhatdidtheFBIdoaftertherecoveryoftheletterATheyproveditsauthenticity.CTheyarrestedthesuspectimmediately.BTheykeptitinaspecialsafe.DTheypressedcriminalchargesinvain.
53.WhatisDarwin’sletteraboutATheevolutionofYellowstoneNationalPark.BHiscooperationwithanAmericangeologist.CSomegeologicalevidencesupportinghistheory.DHisacknowledgementofhelpfromaprofessional.
54.WhatwilltheSmithsonianInstitutionArchivesdowiththeletteraccordingtoKapsalisAReserveitforresearchpurposesonly.CKeepitapermanentsecret.BTurnitintoanobjectofhighinterest.DMakeitavailableonline.
55.WhathasthepasthalfcenturywitnessedaccordingtoKapsalisAGrowinginterestinrareartobjects.BRadicalchangesinarchivingpractices.CRecoveryofvariousmissingdocuments.DIncreasesinthevalueofmuseumexhibits.PartⅣTranslation30minutesDirections:Forthispartyouareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet
2.近年来,中国有越来越多的城市开始建设地铁发展地铁有助于减少城市的交通拥堵和空气污染地铁具有安全、快捷和舒适的优点越来越多的人选择地铁作为每天上班或上学的主要交通工具如今,在中国乘地铁正变得越来越方便在有些城市里,乘客只需用卡或手机就可以乘坐地铁许多当地老年市民还可以免费乘坐地铁2018年6月大学英语四级考试真题第2套PartⅠWriting30minutesDirections:Forthispartyouareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayontheimportanceofwritingabilityandhowtodevelopit.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartⅡListeningComprehension25minutesSectionADirections:Inthissectionyouwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreportyouwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.AfteryouhearaquestionyoumustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedABCandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
1.AThereturnofabottledmessagetoitsowner’sdaughter.BANewHampshireman’sjokewithfriendsonhiswife.CAfather’smessageforhisdaughter.DThehistoryofacentury-oldmotel.
2.AShewantedtoshowgratitudeforhiskindness.BShewantedtohonorherfather’spromise.CShehadbeenaskedbyherfathertodoso.DShewasexcitedtoseeherfather’shandwriting.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
3.APeoplewereconcernedaboutthenumberofbees.BSeveralcasesofZikadiseasehadbeenidentified.CTwomillionbeeswereinfectedwithdisease.DZikavirushaddestroyedsomebeefarms.
4.AItapologizedtoitscustomers.CItlostahugestockofbees.BItwasforcedtokillitsbees.DItlost
2.5milliondollars.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
5.AItstayedintheairforabouttwohours.BIttookoffandlandedonafootballfield.CItprovedtobeofhighcommercialvalue.DItmadeaseriesofsharpturnsinthesky.
6.AEngineeringproblems.CInadequatefunding.BTheairpollutionitproduced.DTheoppositionfromthemilitary.
7.AItusesthelatestaviationtechnology.CItisasafermeansoftransportation.BItfliesfasterthanacommercialjet.DItismoreenvironmentallyfriendly.SectionBDirections:Inthissectionyouwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversationyouwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.AfteryouhearaquestionyoumustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedABCandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
8.AItseemsadepressingtopic.CIthaslittleimpactonourdailylife.BItsoundsquitealarming.DItisgettingmoreseriousthesedays.
9.AThemandoesn’tunderstandSpanish.CTheydon’twantsomethingtoonoisy.BThewomandoesn’treallylikedancing.DTheycan’tmakeittothetheatreintime.
10.AItwouldbemorefunwithoutMr.Whiteheadhosting.BIthastoomanyactstoholdtheaudience’sattention.CItisthemostamusingshowhehaseverwatched.DItisashowinappropriateforanightofcharity.
11.AWatchacomedy.CBooktheticketsonline.BGoandseethedance.DSeeafilmwiththeman.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
12.AMostofherschoolmatesareyoungerthansheis.BShesimplyhasnoideawhatschooltotransferto.CTherearetoomanyactivitiesforhertocopewith.DSheworriesshewon’tfitinasatransferstudent.
13.ASeekadvicefromseniorstudents.CParticipateinafter-schoolactivities.BPickupsomemeaningfulhobbies.DLookintowhattheschooloffers.
14.AGiveherhelpwheneversheneedsit.CFindheraccommodationoncampus.BAcceptherasatransferstudent.DIntroducehertoherroommates.
15.AShehasinterestssimilartoMr.Lee’s.CShehaschosenthemajorCatherinehas.BShehasbecomefriendswithCatherine.DShehasjusttransferredtothecollege.SectionCDirections:Inthissectionyouwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassageyouwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.AfteryouhearaquestionyoumustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedABCandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
16.AToinvestigatehowbeingoverweightimpactsonhealth.BTofindoutwhichphysicaldriveisthemostpowerful.CTodiscoverwhatmostmiceliketoeat.DTodeterminewhatfeelingsmicehave.
17.AWhentheyarehungry.CWhentheysmellfood.BWhentheyarethirsty.DWhentheywantcompany.
18.ATheysearchforfoodingroups.BTheyareoverweightwhenfoodisplenty.CTheyprefertobewithothermice.DTheyenjoythecompanyofotheranimals.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
19.AItsconstructionstartedbeforeWorldWarI.BItsconstructioncostmorethan$40billion.CItisefficientlyusedfortransport.DItisoneofthebestintheworld.
20.AToimprovetransportationinthecountryside.BTomovetroopsquicklyfromplacetoplace.CToenablepeopletotravelatahigherspeed.DTospeedupthetransportationofgoods.
21.AInthe1970s.CInthe1950s.BInthe1960s.DInthe1940s.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
22.AChattingwhiledriving.CDrivingunderage.BMessagingwhiledriving.DSpeedingonhighways.
23.AAgadgettoholdaphoneonthesteeringwheel.BAgadgettochargethephoneinacar.CAdevicetocontrolthespeedofavehicle.DAdevicetoensurepeopledrivewithbothhand.
24.AThecarkeepsflashingitsheadlights.BThecarslowsdowngraduallytoahalt.CTheyarealertedwithalightandasound.DTheygetawarningontheirsmartphone.
25.AInstallingacamera.CCheckingtheiremails.BUsingaconnectedapp.DKeepingadailyrecord.PartⅢReadingComprehension40minutesSectionADirections:Inthissectionthereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Neon霓虹istoHongKongasredphoneboothsaretoLondonandfogistoSanFrancisco.Whennightfallsredandblueandothercolors26ahazy雾蒙蒙的glowoveracitylitupbytensofthousandsofneonsigns.Butmanyofthemaregoingdark27bymorepracticalbutlessromanticLEDs发光二极管.ChangingbuildingcodesevolvingtastesandthehighcostofmaintainingthosewonderfuloldsignshavebusinessesembracingLEDswhichareenergy28butstillcarrygreatcost.“Tomeneonrepresentsmemoriesofthepast”saysphotographerSharonBlancewhoseseriesHongKongNeoncelebratesthecity’sfamoussigns.“LookingatthesignsnowIgetafeelingofamazementmixedwithsadness.”Buildinganeonsignisanartpracticedby29trainedonthejobtomoldglasstubesinto30shapesandletters.Theyfillthesetubeswithgasesthatglowwhen
31.Neonmakesorangewhileothergasesmakeyelloworblue.Ittakesmanyhourstocraftasinglesign.BlancespentaweekinHongKongand32morethan60signs;22ofthemappearintheseriesthatcapturethesignslightinguplonelystreets—an33thatmakesiteasytoadmiretheircolorsandcraftsmanship.“Ilovethebeautifulhandcraftedold-fashioned34ofneon”saysBlance.Thesignsdonothingmorethan35arestauranttheaterorotherbusinessbutdosointhemoststrikingwaypossible.AalternativeIphotographedBapproachJprofessionalsCcastKqualityDchallengingLreplacedEdecorativeMstimulateFefficientNsymbolizesGelectrifiedOvolunteersHidentifySectionBDirections:Inthissectionyouaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet
2.NewJerseySchoolDistrictEasesPressureonStudentsBaringanEthnicDivideAThisfallDavidAderholdthechiefofahigh-achievingschooldistrictnearPrincetonNewJerseysentparentsanalarming16-pageletter.Theschooldistricthesaidwasfacingacrisis.Itsstudentswereoverburdenedandstressedouthavingtocopewithtoomuchworkandtoomanydemands.Inthepreviousschoolyear120middleandhighschoolstudentswererecommendedformentalhealthassessmentsand40werehospitalized.Andonasurveyadministeredbythedistrictstudentswrotethingslike“Ihategoingtoschool”and“Comingoutof12yearsinthisdistrictIhavelearnedonething:thatagradeapercentageorevenapointistobevaluedoveranythingelse.”BWithhisletterAderholdinsertedWestWindsor-PlainsboroRegionalSchoolDistrictintoanationaldiscussionabouttheintensefocusonachievementateliteschoolsandwhetherithasgonetoofar.Atfollow-upmeetingsheurgedparentstojoinhiminadvocatinga“wholechild”approachtoschoolingthatrespects“social-emotionaldevelopment”and“deepandmeaningfullearning”overacademicsalone.ThealternativehesuggestedwastofacetheprospectofbecominganotherPaloAltoCaliforniawhereoutsizestressonteenagestudentsisbelievedtohavecontributedtoanumberofsuicidesinthelastsixyears.CButinsteadofbringingfamiliestogetherAderhold’sletterrevealedadivideinthedistrictwhichhas9700studentsandonethatbrokedownroughlyalongraciallines.OnonesidearewhiteparentslikeCatherineFoleyaformerpresidentoftheParent-Teacher-StudentAssociationatherdaughter’smiddleschoolwhohascometoseethedistrict’sincreasinglypressuredatmosphereasopposedtolearning.“Mysonwasinfourthgradeandtoldme‘I’mnotgoingtoamounttoanythingbecauseIhavenothingtoputonmyrésumé”’shesaid.OntheothersideareparentslikeMikeJiaoneofthethousandsofAsian-AmericanprofessionalswhohavemovedtothedistrictinthepastdecadewhosaidAderhold’sreformswouldamounttoa“dumbingdown”ofhischildren’seducation.“Whatishappeningherereflectsanationalanti-intellectualtrendthatwillnotprepareourchildrenforthefuture”Jiasaid.DAbout10minutesfromPrincetonandanhourandahalffromNewYorkCityWestWindsorandPlainsborohavebecomepopularbedroomcommunitiesfortechnologyentrepreneursresearchersandengineersdrawninlargepartbythepublicschools.Fromthelastthreegraduatingclasses16seniorswereadmittedtoMIT.ItproducesScienceOlympiadwinnersclassicallytrainedmusiciansandstudentswithperfectSATscores.EThedistricthasbecomeincreasinglypopularwithimmigrantfamiliesfromChinaIndiaandKorea.Thisyear65percentofitsstudentsareAsian-Americancomparedwith44percentin
2007.ManyofthemarethefirstintheirfamiliesbornintheUnitedStates.Theyhavehadagrowinginfluenceonthedistrict.Asian-Americanparentsareenthusiasticsupportersofthecompetitiveinstrumentalmusicprogram.Theyhavebeenhugesupportersofthedistrict’sadvancedmathematicsprogramwhichoncebeganinthefourthgradebutwillnowstartinthesixth.Thechangetotheprograminwhich90percentoftheparticipatingstudentsareAsian-AmericanisoneofAderhold’sreforms.FAsian-AmericanstudentshavebeeneagerparticipantsinastateprogramthatpermitsthemtotakesummerclassesoffcampusforhighschoolcreditallowingthemtomaximizethenumberofhonorsandAdvancedPlacementclassestheycantakeanotherpracticethatAderholdislimitingthisschoolyear.WithmanyAsian-Americanchildrenattendingsupplementaryinstructionalprogramsthereisaperceptionamongsomewhitefamiliesthattheelementaryschoolcurriculumisbeingspeduptoaccommodatethem.GBothAsian-AmericanandwhitefamiliessaythetensionbetweenthetwogroupshasgrownsteadilyoverthepastfewyearsasthenumberofAsianfamilieshasrisen.ButthedivisionhasbecomemoreobviousinrecentmonthsasAderholdhasmadechangesincludingno-homeworknightsanendtohighschoolmidtermsandfinalsandaninitiativethatmadeiteasiertoparticipateinthemusicprogram.HJenniferLeeprofessorofsociologyattheUniversityofCaliforniaIrvineandanauthorofTheAsianAmericanAchievementParadoxsaysmisunderstandingsbetweenfirst-generationAsian-Americanparentsandthosewhohavebeeninthiscountrylongerarecommon.Whatwhitemiddle-classparentsdonotalwaysunderstandshesaidishowmuchpressurerecentimmigrantsfeeltoboosttheirchildrenintothemiddleclass.“Theydon’thavethesamechancestogettheirchildreninternships实习职位orjobsatlawfirms”Leesaid.“Sowhattheybelieveisthattheirchildrenmustexcelandbeattheirwhitepeersinacademicsettingssotheyhavethesamechancestoexcellater.”ITheissueofthestressesfeltbystudentsineliteschooldistrictshasgainedattentioninrecentyearsasschoolsinplaceslikeNewtonMassachusettsandPaloAltohavereportedanumberofsuicides.WestWindsor-PlainsborohasnothadateenagesuicideinrecentyearsbutAderholdwhohasworkedinthedistrictforsevenyearsandbeenchiefforthelastthreeyearssaidhehadseentroublingsigns.Inarecentartassignmentamiddleschoolstudentdepicted描绘anoverburdenedchildwhowasbeingscoldedforearninganAratherthananA+onamathexam.Intheimagethemotherscoldsthestudentwiththewords“Shameonyou!”FurtherhesaidtheNewJerseyEducationDepartmenthasflaggedatleasttwopiecesofwritingonstateEnglishlanguageassessmentsinwhichstudentsexpressedsuicidalthoughts.JThesurveycommissionedbythedistrictfoundthat68percentofhighschoolhonorandAdvancedPlacementstudentsreportedfeelingstressedaboutschool“alwaysormostofthetime.”“Weneedtobringbacksomebalance”Aderholdsaid.“Youdon’twanttowaituntilit’stoolatetodosomething.”KNotallpublicopinionhasfallenalongraciallines.KarenSuetheChinese-Americanmotherofafifth-graderandaneighth-graderbelievesthecompetitionwithinthedistricthasgottenoutofcontrol.SuewhowasbornintheUnitedStatestoimmigrantparentswantsherpeerstodialitback.“It’sbecomeanarmsraceaneducationalarmsrace”shesaid.“Weallwantourkidstoachieveandbesuccessful.Thequestionisatwhatcost”
36.Aderholdislimitingtheextraclassesthatstudentsareallowedtotakeoffcampus.
37.WhiteandAsian-AmericanparentsrespondeddifferentlytoAderhold’sappeal.
38.Suicidalthoughtshaveappearedinsomestudents’writings.
39.Aderhold’sreformoftheadvancedmathematicsprogramwillaffectAsian-Americanstudentsmost.
40.Aderholdappealedforparents’supportinpromotinganall-rounddevelopmentofchildreninsteadoffocusingonlyontheiracademicperformance.
41.OneChinese-Americanparentthinksthecompetitioninthedistricthasgonetoofar.
42.Immigrantparentsbelievethatacademicexcellencewillallowtheirchildrenequalchancestosucceedinthefuture.
43.ManybusinessmenandprofessionalshavemovedtoWestWindsorandPlainsborobecauseofthepublicschoolsthere.
44.AnumberofstudentsinAderhold’sschooldistrictwerefoundtohavestress-inducedmentalhealthproblems.
45.ThetensionbetweenAsian-Americanandwhitefamilieshasincreasedinrecentyears.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedABCandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Livinginanurbanareawithgreenspaceshasalong-lastingpositiveimpactonpeople’smentalwell-beingastudyhassuggested.UKresearchersfoundmovingtoagreenspacehadasustainedpositiveeffectunlikepayrisesorpromotionswhichonlyprovidedashort-termboost.Co-authorMathewWhitefromtheUniversityofExeterUKexplainedthatthestudyshowedpeoplelivingingreenerurbanareasweredisplayingfewersignsofdepressionoranxiety.“Therecouldbeanumberofreasons”hesaid“forexamplepeopledomanythingstomakethemselveshappier:theystriveforpromotionorpayrisesortheygetmarried.Butthetroublewiththosethingsisthatwithinsixmonthstoayearpeoplearebacktotheiroriginalbaselinelevelsofwell-being.Sothesethingsarenotsustainable;theydon’tmakeushappyinthelongterm.Wefoundthatforsomelottery彩票winnerswhohadwonmorethan£500000thepositiveeffectwasdefinitelytherebutaftersixmonthstoayeartheywerebacktothebaseline.”Dr.Whitesaidhisteamwantedtoseewhetherlivingingreenerurbanareashadalastingpositiveeffectonpeople’ssenseofwell-beingorwhethertheeffectalsodisappearedafteraperiodoftime.TodothistheteamuseddatafromtheBritishHouseholdPanelSurveycompiledbytheUniversityofEssex.Explainingwhatthedatarevealedhesaid:“Whatyouseeisthatevenafterthreeyearsmentalhealthisstillbetterwhichisunlikemanyotherthingsthatwethinkwillmakeushappy.”Heobservedthatpeoplelivingingreenspaceswerelessstressedandlessstressedpeoplemademoresensibledecisionsandcommunicatedbetter.Withagrowingbodyofevidenceestablishingalinkbetweenurbangreenspacesandapositiveimpactonhumanwell-beingDr.Whitesaid“There’sgrowinginterestamongpublicpolicyofficialsbutthetroubleiswhofundsit.Whatwereallyneedatapolicylevelistodecidewherethemoneywillcomefromtohelpsupportgoodqualitylocalgreenspaces.”
46.AccordingtoonestudywhatdogreenspacesdotopeopleAImprovetheirworkefficiency.BAddtotheirsustainedhappiness.CHelpthembuildapositiveattitudetowardslife.DLessentheirconcernsaboutmaterialwell-being.
47.WhatdoesDr.WhitesaypeopleusuallydotomakethemselveshappierAEarnmoremoney.CGainfameandpopularity.BSettleinanurbanarea.DLiveinagreenenvironment.
48.WhatdoesDr.WhitetrytofindoutaboutlivinginagreenerurbanareaAHowitaffectsdifferentpeople.CHowlongitspositiveeffectlasts.BHowstrongitspositiveeffectis.DHowitbenefitspeoplephysically.
49.WhatdidDr.White’sresearchrevealaboutpeoplelivinginagreenenvironmentATheirstresswasmoreapparentthanreal.BTheirdecisionsrequiredlessdeliberation.CTheirmemoriesweregreatlystrengthened.DTheircommunicationwithothersimproved.
50.AccordingtoDr.WhitewhatshouldthegovernmentdotobuildmoregreenspacesincitiesAFindfinancialsupport.CInvolvelocalresidentsintheeffort.BImproveurbanplanning.DRaisepublicawarenessoftheissue.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.YouprobablyknowabouttheTitanicbutitwasactuallyjustoneofthreestate-of-the-art最先进的oceanshipsbackintheday.TheOlympicclassshipswerebuiltbytheHarlandWolffshipmakersinNorthernIrelandfortheWhiteStarLinecompany.TheOlympicclassincludedtheOlympictheBritannicandtheTitanic.WhatyoumaynotknowisthattheTitanicwasn’teventheflagshipofthisclass.AllinalltheOlympicclassshipsweremarvelsofseaengineeringbuttheyseemedcursedtosufferdisastrousfates.TheOlympiclaunchedfirstin1910followedbytheTitanicin1911andlastlytheBritannicin
1914.TheshipshadninedecksandWhiteStarLinedecidedtofocusonmakingthemthemostluxuriousshipsonthewater.Stretching
269.13meterstheOlympicclassshipswerewondersofnavaltechnologyandeveryonethoughtthattheywouldcontinuetobesoforquitesometime.Howeverallsufferedterribleaccidentsontheopenseas.TheOlympicgotwreckedbeforetheTitanicdidbutitwastheonlyonetosurviveandmaintainasuccessfulcareerof24years.TheTitanicwasthefirsttosinkafterfamouslyhittingahugeicebergin
1912.FollowingthisdisastertheBritannichitanavalminein1916andsubsequentlysankaswell.Eachshipwascoal-poweredbyseveralboilersconstantlykeptrunningbyexhaustedcrewsbelowdeck.Mostrecognizableoftheshipdesignsaretheship’ssmokestacksbutthefourthstackwasactuallyjustartisticinnatureandservednofunctionalpurpose.Whiletwooftheseshipssanktheywerealldesignedwithdoublehulls船体believedtomakethem“unsinkable”perhapsamistakenideathatledtotheTitanic’sandtheBritannic’stragicend.TheOlympicsufferedtwocrasheswithothershipsandwentontoserveasahospitalshipandtrooptransportinWorldWarI.Eventuallyshewastakenoutofservicein1935endingtheeraoftheluxuriousOlympicclassoceanliners.
51.WhatdoesthepassagesayaboutthethreeOlympicclassshipsATheyperformedmarvellouslyonthesea.BTheycouldallbreaktheiceintheirway.CTheyallexperiencedterriblemisfortunes.DTheyweremodelsofmodernengineering.
52.WhatdidWhiteStarLinehaveinmindwhenitpurchasedthethreeshipsATheircapacityofsailingacrossallwaters.BTheutmostcomfortpassengerscouldenjoy.CTheirabilitytosurvivedisastersofanykind.DThelongvoyagestheywereabletoundertake.
53.WhatissaidaboutthefourthstackoftheshipsAItwasamerepieceofdecoration.BItwastheworkofafamousartist.CItwasdesignedtoletoutextrasmoke.DItwaseasilyidentifiablefromafar.
54.WhatmighthaveledtothetragicendoftheTitanicandtheBritannicATheirunscientificdesigns.BTheircaptains’misjudgment.CTheassumptionthattheywerebuiltwiththelatesttechnology.DThebeliefthattheycouldneversinkwithadouble-layerbody.
55.WhathappenedtotheshipOlympicintheendAShewasusedtocarrytroops.CShewasconvertedintoahospitalship.BShewassunkinWorldWarI.DShewasretiredafterhernavalservice.PartⅣTranslation30minutesDirections:Forthispartyouareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet
2.过去,乘飞机出行对大多数中国人来说是难以想象的如今,随着经济的发展和生活水平的提高,越来越多的中国人包括许多农民和外出务工人员都能乘飞机出行他们可以乘飞机到达所有大城市,还有很多城市也在筹建机场航空服务不断改进,而且经常会有廉价飞机票近年来,节假日期间选择乘飞机外出旅游的人数在不断增加2018年6月大学英语四级考试真题第3套PartⅠWriting30minutesDirections:Forthispartyouareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayontheimportanceofspeakingabilityandhowtodevelopit.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartⅡListeningComprehension25minutes说明由于2018年6月四级考试全国共考了2套听力,本套真题听力与前2套内容完全一样,只是顺序不一样因此在本套真题中不再重复出现PartⅢReadingComprehension40minutesSectionADirections:Inthissectionthereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AnofficetoweronMillerStreetinManchesteriscompletelycoveredinsolarpanels.Theyareusedtocreatesomeoftheenergyusedbytheinsurancecompanyinside.Whenthetowerwasfirst26in1962itwascoveredwiththinsquarestones.Thesesmallsquarestonesbecameaproblemforthebuildingandcontinuedtofalloffthefacefor40yearsuntilamajorrenovationwas
27.Duringthisrenovationthebuilding’sownersCIS28thesolarpanelcompanySolarcentury.Theyagreedtocovertheentirebuildinginsolarpanels.In2004thecompletedCIStowerbecameEurope’slargest29ofverticalsolarpanels.Averticalsolarprojectonsuchalarge30hasneverbeenrepeatedsince.CoveringaskyscraperwithsolarpanelshadneverbeendonebeforeandtheCIStowerwaschosenasoneofthe“10bestgreenenergyprojects”.ForalongtimeafterthisrenovationprojectitwasthetallestbuildingintheUnitedKingdombutitwas31overtakenbytheMillbankTower.Greenbuildingslikethisaren’t32cost-efficientfortheinvestorbutitdoesproducemuchlesspollutionthanthatcausedbyenergy33throughfossilfuels.Assolarpanelsget34theworldislikelytoseemoreskyscraperscoveredinsolarpanelscollectingenergymuchliketreesdo.Imagineaworldwherebuildingthetallestskyscraperwasn’taraceof35butratheronetocollectthemostsolarenergy.AcheaperIeventuallyBcleanerJheightCcollectionKnecessarilyDcompetedLproductionEconstructedMrangeFconsultedNscaleGdimensionOundertakenHdiscoveredSectionBDirections:Inthissectionyouaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet
2.SomeCollegeStudentsAreAngryThatTheyHavetoPaytoDoTheirHomeworkADigitallearningsystemsnowchargestudentsforaccesscodesneededtocompletecourseworktakequizzesandturninhomework.Asuniversitiesgodigitalstudentsarecomplainingofanewhittotheirfinancesthat’sreplacing—andsometimesjoining—expensivetextbooks:priceyonlineaccesscodesthatarerequiredtocompletecourseworkandsubmitassignments.BThecodes—whichtypicallyrangeinpricefrom$80to$155percourse—givestudentsonlineaccesstosystemsdevelopedbyeducationcompanieslikeMcGrawHillandPearson.Thesecompanieswhichlongreapedbigprofitsastextbookpublishershaveboastedthattheirnewonlineofferingswhenpushedtostudentsthroughuniversitiestheypartnerwithrepresentthefutureoftheindustry.CButcriticssaythedigitalaccesscodesrepresentthesameprofit-seekingethos观念ofthetextbookbusinessandareevenharderforstudentstooptoutof.Whiletheycouldoncebuysecond-handtextbooksorsharecopieswithfriendsthedigitalsystemsareessentiallyimpossibletoavoid.D“Whenwetalkabouttheaccesscodeweseeitasthenewfaceofthetextbookmonopoly垄断anewwaytolockstudentsaroundthissystem”saidEthanSenackthehighereducationadvocatefortheU.S.PublicInterestResearchGrouptoBuzzFeedNews.“Ratherthan$250foraprinttextbookyou’repaying$120”saidSenack.“Butbecauseit’salldigitaliteliminatestheusedbookmarketandeliminatesanysharingandbecausehomeworkandtestsarethroughanaccesscodeiteliminatesanyabilitytooptout.”ESarinaHarpera19-year-oldstudentatVirginiaTechwasfacedwithatoughdilemmawhenshefirststartedcollegein2015—payrentorpaytoturninherchemistryhomework.ShetoldBuzzFeedNewsthatherfreshmanchemistryclassrequiredhertouseConnectasystemprovidedbyMcGrawHillwherestudentscansubmithomeworktakeexamsandtracktheirgrades.Butthecodetoaccesstheprogramcost$120—abigsumforHarperwhohadalreadyputdown$450fortextbooksandhadrentdayapproaching.FShedecidedtowaitforhernextwork-studypaycheckwhichwastypically$150-$200topayforthecode.Sheknewthatherchemistrygrademaytakeadiveasaresult.“It’sabalancingact”shesaid.“CanIreallyaffordtheseaccesscodesnow”Shedidn’thandinherfirsttwoassignmentsforchemistrywhichstartedheroutintheclasswithafailinggrade.GTheaccesscodesmaybeanotherfinancialheadacheforstudentsbutfortextbookbusinessesthey’rethefuture.McGrawHillwhichcontrols21%ofthehighereducationmarketreportedinMarchthatitsdigitalcontentsalesexceededprintsalesforthefirsttimein
2015.Thecompanysaidthat45%ofits$140millionrevenuein2015“wasderivedfromdigitalproducts.”HAPearsonspokespersontoldBuzzFeedNewsthat“digitalmaterialsarelessexpensiveandagoodinvestment”thatoffernewfeatureslikeaudiotextspersonalizedknowledgechecksandexpertvideos.Itsdigitalcoursematerialssavestudentsupto60%comparedtotraditionalprintedtextbooksthecompanyadded.McGrawHilldidn’trespondtoarequestforcommentbutitsCEODavidLevintoldtheFinancialTimesinAugustthat“inhighereducationtheeraoftheprintedtextbookisnowover.”IThetextbookindustryinsiststheonlinesystemsrepresentabetterdealforstudents.“Thesedigitalproductsaren’tjustmechanismsforstudentstosubmithomeworktheyofferallkindsoffeatures”DavidAndersontheexecutivedirectorofhighereducationwiththeAssociationofAmericanPublisherstoldBuzzFeedNews.“Ithelpsstudentsunderstandinawaythatyoucan’tdowithprinthomeworkassignments.”JDavidHuntanassociateprofessorinsociologyatAugustaUniversitywhichhasrolledoutdigitaltextbooksacrossitsmathandpsychologydepartmentstoldBuzzFeedNewsthatheunderstandstheutilityofusingsystemsthatrequireaccesscodes.Buthedoesn’trequirehisstudentstobuyaccesstoalearningprogramthatcontrolstheclassassignments.“Itrytomakethingsasinexpensiveaspossible”saidHuntwhousesfreedigitaltextbooksforhisclassesbutdesignshisowncurriculum.“TheonlinesystemsmaymakemylifealoteasierbutIfeellikeI’mgivingupcontrol.Thediscussionsarethethingswheremyexpertisecanbenefitthestudentsmost.”KA20-year-oldjunioratGeorgiaSouthernUniversitytoldBuzzFeedNewsthatshenormallyspends$500-$600onaccesscodesforclass.Inonecasetheprofessordidn’trequirestudentstobuyatextbookjustanaccesscodetoturninhomework.Thisyearshesaidshespent$900onaccesscodestobooksandprograms.“That’stwomonthsofrent”shesaid.“Youcan’tsellanyofitback.Withatraditionaltextbookyoucansellitfor$30-$50andthathelpstopayforyournewsemester’sbooks.Withanaccesscodeyou’reoutofthatmoney.”LBenjaminWolvertona19-year-oldstudentattheUniversityofSouthCarolinatoldBuzzFeedNewsthat“it’sridiculousthatafterpayingtensofthousandsintuitionwehavetopayforalltheseaccesscodestodoourhomework.”Manyoftheaccesscodeshe’spurchasedhavebeenrequiredsimplytocompletehomeworkorquizzes.“Oftenit’sonly10%ofyourgradeinclass”hesaid.“You’repayingsomuchmoneyforsomethingthathardlyaffectsyourgrade—butifyoudidn’thaveititwouldaffectyourgradeenough.ItwouldbebadtostartoutataBorC.”Wolvertonsaidhespent$500onaccesscodesfordigitalbooksandprogramsthissemester.MHarperapoultry家禽sciencemajoristakingchemistryagainthisyearandhadtobuyanewaccesscodetohandinherhomework.Sherentedhereconomicsandstatisticstextbooksforabout$20each.Butheraccesscodesforhomeworkwhichcan’tberentedorboughtsecond-handwerehermostexpensivepurchases:$120and$
85.NShestillremembersthestingofherfirstexperienceskippinganassignmentduetothehighprices.“Wedon’treallyhaveamissedassignmentpolicy”shesaid.“Ifyoumissityoujustmissit.Ijustgotzerosonacoupleoffirstassignments.Imanagedtopulleverythingbackup.Butasascaredfreshmanlookingattheirgradesit’snotfun.”
36.Astudent’syearlyexpensesonaccesscodesmayamounttotheirrentfortwomonths.
37.Theonlineaccesscodesmaybeseenasawaytotiethestudentstothedigitalsystem.
38.Ifastudenttakesacourseagaintheymayhavetobuyanewaccesscodetosubmittheirassignments.
39.McGrawHillaccountsforoverone-fifthofthemarketshareofcollegetextbooks.
40.Manytraditionaltextbookpublishersarenowofferingonlinedigitalproductswhichtheybelievewillbethefutureofthepublishingbusiness.
41.Onestudentcomplainedthattheynowhadtopayforaccesscodesinadditiontothehightuition.
42.Digitalmaterialscancoststudentslessthanhalfthepriceoftraditionalprintedbooksaccordingtoapublisher.
43.Onestudentdecidednottobuyheraccesscodeuntilshereceivedthepayforherpart-timejob.
44.Onlinesystemsmaydepriveteachersofopportunitiestomakethebestuseoftheirexpertisefortheirstudents.
45.Digitalaccesscodesarecriticizedbecausetheyareprofit-drivenjustlikethetextbookbusiness.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedABCandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Forthousandsofyearspeoplehaveknownthatthebestwaytounderstandaconceptistoexplainittosomeoneelse.“Whileweteachwelearn”saidRomanphilosopherSeneca.Nowscientistsarebringingthisancientwisdomup-to-date.They’redocumentingwhyteachingissuchafruitfulwaytolearnanddesigninginnovativewaysforyoungpeopletoengageininstruction.Researchershavefoundthatstudentswhosignuptotutorothersworkhardertounderstandthematerialrecallitmoreaccuratelyandapplyitmoreeffectively.Studentteachersscorehigheronteststhanpupilswho’relearningonlyfortheirownsake.ButhowcanchildrenstilllearningthemselvesteachothersOneanswer:TheycantutoryoungerkidsSomestudieshavefoundthatfirst-bornchildrenaremoreintelligentthantheirlater-bornsiblings兄弟姐妹.ThissuggeststheirhigherIQsresultfromthetimetheyspendteachingtheirsiblings.Noweducatorsareexperimentingwithwaystoapplythismodeltoacademicsubjects.Theyengagecollegeundergraduatestoteachcomputersciencetohighschoolstudentswhointurninstructmiddleschoolstudentsonthetopic.Butthemostcutting-edgetoolunderdevelopmentisthe“teachableagent”—acomputerizedcharacterwholearnstriesmakesmistakesandasksquestionsjustlikeareal-worldpupil.Computerscientistshavecreatedananimated动画的figurecalledBetty’sBrainwhohasbeen“taught”aboutenvironmentalsciencebyhundredsofmiddleschoolstudents.StudentteachersaremotivatedtohelpBettymastercertainmaterials.Whilepreparingtoteachtheyorganizetheirknowledgeandimprovetheirownunderstanding.Andastheyexplaintheinformationtoittheyidentifyproblemsintheirownthinking.Feedbackfromtheteachableagentsfurtherenhancesthetutors’learning.Theagents’questionscompelstudenttutorstothinkandexplainthematerialsindifferentwaysandwatchingtheagentsolveproblemsallowsthemtoseetheirknowledgeputintoaction.Aboveallit’stheemotionsoneexperiencesinteachingthatfacilitatelearning.Studenttutorsfeelupsetwhentheirteachableagentsfailbuthappywhenthesevirtualpupilssucceedastheyderiveprideandsatisfactionfromsomeoneelse’saccomplishment.
46.WhatareresearchersrediscoveringthroughtheirstudiesASeneca’sthinkingisstillapplicabletoday.BBetterlearnerswillbecomebetterteachers.CHumanintelligencetendstogrowwithage.DPhilosophicalthinkingimprovesinstruction.
47.WhatdowelearnaboutBetty’sBrainAItisacharacterinapopularanimation.BItisateachingtoolunderdevelopment.CItisacutting-edgeappindigitalgames.DItisatutorforcomputersciencestudents.
48.HowdoesteachingothersbenefitstudenttutorsAItmakesthemawareofwhattheyarestrongat.BItmotivatesthemtotrynovelwaysofteaching.CIthelpsthemlearntheiracademicsubjectsbetter.DItenablesthemtobetterunderstandtheirteachers.
49.WhatdostudentsdototeachtheirteachableagentsATheymotivatethemtothinkindependently.BTheyaskthemtodesigntheirownquestions.CTheyencouragethemtogivepromptfeedback.DTheyusevariouswaystoexplainthematerials.
50.Whatisthekeyfactorthateasesstudenttutors’learningATheirsenseofresponsibility.CThelearningstrategyacquired.BTheiremotionalinvolvement.DTheteachingexperiencegained.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Anewbatchofyoungwomen—membersoftheso-calledMillennial千禧的generation—hasbeenenteringtheworkforceforthepastdecade.Atthestartinglineoftheircareerstheyarebettereducatedthantheirmothersandgrandmothershadbeen—orthantheiryoungmalecounterpartsarenow.Butwhentheylookaheadtheyseeroadblockstotheirsuccess.Theybelievethatwomenarepaidlessthanmenfordoingthesamejob.Theythinkit’seasierformentogettopexecutivejobsthanitisforthem.Andtheyassumethatifandwhentheyhavechildrenitwillbeevenharderforthemtoadvanceintheircareers.Whilethepublicseesgreaterworkplaceequalitybetweenmenandwomennowthanitdid20-30yearsagomostbelievemorechangeisneeded.AmongMillennialwomen75%saythiscountryneedstocontinuemakingchangestoachievegenderequalityintheworkplacecomparedwith57%ofMillennialmen.Evensorelativelyfewyoungwomen15%saytheyhavebeendiscriminatedagainstatworkbecauseoftheirgender.AsMillennialwomencomeofagetheysharemanyofthesameviewsandvaluesaboutworkastheirmalecounterparts.Theywantjobsthatprovidesecurityandflexibilityandtheyplacerelativelylittleimportanceonhighpay.Atthesametimehoweveryoungworkingwomenarelesslikelythanmentoaimattopmanagementjobs:34%saythey’renotinterestedinbecomingabossortopmanager;only24%ofyoungmensaythesame.Thegendergaponthisquestionisevenwideramongworkingadultsintheir30sand40swhenmanywomenfacethetrade-offsthatgowithworkandmotherhood.ThesefindingsarebasedonanewPewResearchCentersurveyof2002adultsincluding810Millennialsages18-32conductedOct.7-
272013.Thesurveyfindsthatinspiteofthedramaticgainswomenhavemadeineducationalattainmentandlaborforceparticipationinrecentdecadesyoungwomenviewthisasaman’sworld—justasmiddle-agedandolderwomendo.
51.WhatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraphaboutMillennialwomenstartingtheircareersATheycangetaheadonlybystrivingharder.BTheyexpecttosucceedjustlikeMillennialmen.CTheyaregenerallyquiteoptimisticabouttheirfuture.DTheyarebettereducatedthantheirmalecounterparts.
52.HowdomostMillennialwomenfeelabouttheirtreatmentintheworkplaceATheyarethetargetofdiscrimination.CTheythinkitneedsfurtherimproving.BTheyfinditsatisfactoryonthewhole.DTheyfindtheircomplaintsignored.
53.WhatdoMillennialwomenvaluemostwhencomingofageAAsenseofaccomplishment.CRewardsandpromotions.BJobstabilityandflexibility.DJoyderivedfromwork.
54.Whatarewomenintheir30sand40sconcernedaboutAThewelfareoftheirchildren.CThefulfillmentoftheirdreamsinlife.BThenarrowingofthegendergap.DThebalancebetweenworkandfamily.
55.WhatconclusioncanbedrawnaboutMillennialwomenfromthe2013surveyATheystillviewthisworldasonedominatedbymales.BTheyaccountforhalftheworkforceinthejobmarket.CTheyseetheworlddifferentlyfromoldergenerations.DTheydobetterinworkthantheirmalecounterparts.PartⅣTranslation30minutesDirections:Forthispartyouareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet
2.公交车曾是中国人出行的主要交通工具近年来,由于私家车数量不断增多,城市的交通问题越来越严重许多城市为了鼓励更多人乘坐公交车出行,一直在努力改善公交车的服务质量车辆的设施不断更新,车速也有了显著提高然而,公交车的票价却依然相当低廉现在,在大多数城市,许多当地老年市民都可以免费乘坐公交车。