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长难句分析
一、长难句的分类
1、带有较多成分的简单句如Havingchosenfamilytelevisionprogramsandwomen’smagazines,thetoothpastemarketer,forinstance,mustselecttheexacttelevisionprogramsandstationsaswellasthespecificwomen’smagazinestobeused.
2、含有多个简单句的并列句如Inthe1970shewasasurgeonatYale,hadawonderfulwifeandfivebeautifulchildren,buthewasterriblyunhappy. Discrimination歧视isn’ttheironlyconcern;almosteveryonetestingpositivefortheHuntington’sgene基因developssymptoms症状duringmiddleage,anddoctorscandonothingtohelp.
3、含有多个从句的复合句如Ican’tliveinfearofthepossibilitythatastheearth’spopulationgrowsandweusemoreandmoreofournonrenewable不能再生的resources,ourchildrenmayhavetoleadpoorerlives.However,thoseofuswhoareparentsofchildreninthisagegroupknowthatsuchoffersarerelativelyrareandthatmanyliberal-artsstudents文科生graduatewiththebeliefthattheprospective预期的workplacemaynothaveaplaceforthem.
4、含有多个插入成分的句子如Hisjourneytothee-mailhellbeganinnocently(无知地)enoughwhenaschairmanofComputerAssociatesInternational,asoftwarecompany,hefirstheardhowquicklyhisemployeeshadacceptedtheirnewelectronic-mailsystem.
5、并列复合句如Ihaveknownchangesforthebetterandchangesfortheworse,butIhaveneverquestionedthefactthatwhetherIlikeditornot,changewasunavoidable.Theyalsofoundthatthebusconductorhadamajorroleinpreventingvandalism(故意破坏行为),andatthetimeshewentupthestairstotheupperdecktocollectfares,vandalismdidnotoftenoccur.
二、长难句分析步骤
1、首先确定句子是简单句、复合句或并列句
2、如果是简单句,首先确定主谓结构;接着确定宾语和宾语补足语(如有的话);然后确定定语和状语等次要成分,即找出主语、谓语和宾语各自的修饰语按照所确定的各个成分,给出全句大意(可用翻译法)译文意思应当通顺,并和上下文意义基本吻合如意义出入较大,文理不通,则分析可能有误,这时应考虑重新进行句子结构分析
3、如果是并列句,首先应找出并列连词并把全句分解为若干个分句;接着按照简单句的分析方法再细分各分句的内部结构和句意;后全句综合考虑
4、如是复合句,首先找出从属连词并确定出主句,这时应特别注意连词省略现象和多义连词在句中的确切含义;接着按照简单句的分析方法再细分各分句的内部结构和句意;然后确定从句的性质,即该从句在句中修饰什么词语或结构;最后整体考虑全句大意,尤其要注意对修饰语的判断是否准确
三、长难句分析的注意事项 在分析句子成分时,还应特别注意下列几点
1、是否有同位语和插入语
2、是否有省略、倒装和分隔等现象
3、替代词的所指对象
4、判断并列成分的层次
5、句首的并列连词and、or、but、for通常起承上启下的作用,不要将他们归入后文的句法分析
6、在从句多的句子中,从句中又包含从句的现象
7、非限定动词短语在句中作次要成分(定语和状语)时又带着自己较长的从属成分,尤其是状语从句或宾语从句时的结构分析
8、在有多个从句的复合句和并列句中,状语(单个词、短语或从句)究竟是全句的修饰语还是某个从句或词语的修饰语练习
1.CanadahasvastareasofwildernessfromtheArcticnorthwhereaveragewintertemperaturesareusuallyminus20degreescentigradetothe8892-kilometre-longborderwiththeUSAtothesouthwhichisthelongestborderintheworldnotdefendedbyanarmyorthepolice.
2.MontrealaportintheprovinceofQuebecisthesecondlargestcityinCanadaandalsothesecondlargestFrench-speakingcityintheworldParisbeingthelargest.
3.AsamoderndynamiccityMontrealhasalivelynightscenewithmanyrestaurantsandclubsaswellasculturalandstreetfestivalstoensurethatnovisitoriseverbored.
4.Italsohassuperbsceneryabeautifulharbourandallthecomfortsofmodernlifeandinternationalcuisineinadditiontobeingclosetosomeverypopularskiareas.
5.Thewaterfallsthelargestofwhichisshapedlikeasemicircleare670metreswideandfall56metresinanawesomewhitesheetofwater.
6.Althoughonlyahandfulofpeoplebecamesuccessfulmanystayedandbuiltsettlementsintheareaandtherearenowmanymuseumsshowingwhatlifewaslikebackthen.
7.IndeedsittinginfrontofthetelevisionwatchingasportseventwithadrinkinonehandandsomefastfoodintheotherisverycommoninAustralia.
8.AnotherpopularsportcricketisoriginallyfromtheUKandhasbeenexportedtoandfollowedincountriesinfluencedbyitsuchasAustraliaIndiaPakistanKenyaandSouthAfrica.
9.Ithinkthatwhatthatstudentwroteontheblackboardwaswrong.
10.SchoolsacrossChinaareexpectedtohire50000collegegraduatesthisyearasshort-termteachersalmostthreetimesthenumberhiredlastyeartohelpreduceunemploymentpressures.2009江苏
11.IfyouaskpeopletonameonepersonwhohadthegreatesteffectontheEnglishlanguageyouwillgetanswerslike“Shakespeare”“SamuelJohnson”and“Webster”butnoneofthesemenhadanyeffectatallcomparedtoamanwhodidn’tevenspeakEnglish—WilliamtheConqueror.
12.HefoundoutthatKitWilliamshadspenthischildhoodnearAmpthill,inBedfordshire,andthoughtthathemusthavetriedthehareinaplaceheknewwell,buthestillcouldnotseetheconnectionwithKatherineofAragonuntilonedayhecameacrosstwostonecrossesinAmpthillParkandlearntthattheyhadbeenbuiltinherhonorin1773.
13.ItisdifficulttomeasurethequantityofpaperusedasaresultofuseofInternet-connectedcomputersalthoughjustaboutanyonewhoworksinanofficecantellyouthatwhene-mailisintroducedtheprintersstartworkingovertime.ThatisthegrowingdemandforpaperinrecentyearsislargelyduetotheincreaseduseoftheInternet.。