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草木樨中毒Sweet CloverPoisoning Preparedby:Dr.Terry HuntTranslated byDr.Yachun Wang病因/发病机理CausePathogenesis•草木樨属干草中的香豆素被真菌转化为双香豆素Coumarin loundin sweetclover hay,is convertedto dicoumarinby fungi•双香豆素抑制维生素K的活性,而维生素K是产生凝血因子II,VII,IX和X所必须的Dicoumarin inhibitsthe activityof VitaminK,which isnecessary forthe productionof clottingfactors II,VII,IXX•出现出血、肿胀及死亡Results inhemorrhages,swelling anddeath危险因素Risk Factors•发霉的草木樨属干草Moldy sweetclover hay临床症状Clinical Findings•出血造成皮下肿胀可能是肢蹄肿胀Subcutaneous swellingscaused byhemorrhage maybeswollen legs•口腔粘膜苍白,虚弱并有血肿形成Pale mucousmembranes,weakness andhematoma formation•受伤后持续出血Persistent hemorrhageafter injury•不发热但血管内出血可造成死亡No feverbut canprogress todeath fromintra-vascular bloodloss断Diagnosis•临床症状以及尸体剖检Clinical signsand postmortem results鉴别诊断Differential Diagnosis•黑腿病Blackleg•蕨中毒Bracken fernpoisoning•节丙酮香豆素中毒Warfarin poisoning实验室和病理学诊断Laboratory andPathology•严重贫血Severe anemia•血液凝集所需时间和凝血酶原转化时间延长,但血小板正常Prolonged clottingand prothrombintime butnormal platelets•饲料、血液以及肝脏中双香豆素含量高High levelsof dicoumarinin thefeed,blood andliver治疗T reatment•禁喂致病的腐败草木樨干草Remove source•输血Blood transfusions•每6小时服用维生素Kl2mg/kgIM,直至凝血酶原水平恢复正常Administer VitaminKi2mg/kg IMevery6hours untilprothrombin levelsarc normal预后情况Prognosis•一般救治较晚,治疗效果不好Poor asoften toolate totreat预防PreventionControl•避免饲喂发霉的草木樨干草Avoid feedingmoldy sweetclover hay•将发霉的干草与质量好的干草以1:3比例混合Dilute moldyhay1:3with goodhay。