加拿大奶牛肉牛溶血性梭菌

溶血性梭Clostridium hemolyticumRed waterdisease Preparedby:Dr.Terry HuntTranslated y:Dr.Fu Xiaoping病因/发病机理CausePathogenesis溶血性梭菌.…革蓝氏阳性厌氧梭状芽抱杆菌Clostridium hemolyticum-gram+ive anaerobicspore formingrod•土源性=Soil borneorganism•散发、高度致死性溶血疾病Sporadic occurringhighly fatalhemolytic disease•肝坏死/坏疽肝蛭引起，并感染溶血性梭菌Caused byliver necrosisliver flukeand infectionwith Clostridiumhemolyticum•产生外塞素造成小动脉血管内溶血和上皮损伤Produces exotoxincausing intravascularhemolysis andendothelial damageto arterioles•低发病率、高死亡率，除非治疗Low morbiditybut highmortality inspite oftreatment危险因素Risk Factors•肝蛭感染Liver flukeinfestation•排污能力低的放牧场Poorly drainedpastures•放牧场曾经被死牛污染过History ofdead cowscontaminating thepasture临床症状Clinical Findings•感染牛发现时已死亡Infected cattleare oftenfound dead•若存活,有外毒素中毒症状If alive,severe signsof toxemia•黄疸、贫血Icterus andanemia•尿黄Port coloredurine Verysick andpainful•严重虚弱、疼痛Rapid courseof disease一12hours tofour days•病情急…-12小时一4天诊断Diagnosis•依据临床症状、尸体解剖、病史Based onclinical signs,post mortemresults andhistory鉴别诊断Differential Diagnosis•急性钩端螺旋体病Acute leptospirosisCu toxicity•铜中毒Post-parturient hemoglobinuria•产后血红蛋白尿Anaplasmosis•无浆体病Babesiosis•巴贝西虫病Anthrax•炭疽热Laboratory Findings实验结果Anemia•贫血Port coloredurine hemoglobinuria•血红蛋白尿Anemic infarctsin liverpale andelevated Rapid•肝贫血性梗（苍白等）rigor mortis•快速尸僵Blood inbody cavities••体许腔多出病血例胆管内可见肝蛭May seeadult liver flukes inbile ducts治疗Treatment•若有临床症状，尝试使用抗生素，一般作用不大May tryantibiotics butpoor responseif showing clinical signs•多数无临床症状May treatcattle notshowingclinicalsigns预防PreventionControl•远离排污能力差的放牧场Fence offpoorly drainedpasture areas•治疗肝蛭’Treat forliverflukes•将死畜焚烧或移走Burn orremove deadcarcasses•免疫接种…6个月的短期免疫力Vaccination program-short lastingimmunity somust vaccinateevery6months•在肝蛭流行畚接种「Vaccinate priorto liverfluke season。