高优指导2021版高三英语一轮复习考点规范练19Unit4Helpingpeoplearoundtheworld牛津译林版选修6

考点规范练19Unit4I.阅读理解A Robotshave provenvery usefulin differentsituations.But thoserobots aresmall remote-controlled tankswith amechanical arm,and theycan gethung upon narrowstairwells（楼梯井）and arestopped byladders.A lotof theplaces whereyou dodisaster recoveryare onlyaccessible forpeople,says MarcRaibert,the presidentof BostonDynamics,which isproviding adviceand helpfor DefenseAdvanced ResearchProjects Agency（DARPA）—the scientificresearch departmentof theU.S.military（等队）一to createthe mostadvanced robotson earth.If youre a humanoid—a machineor creaturewith theappearance andqualities ofahuman—access can be increasedand youcan useavailable tools.In thefuture DARPAhopes,a humanoidrobot wi11be ableto drivetrucks,and enterpower plants.That futureis along wayoff.Simple movementslike squatting（蹲）arc almostimpossible for something withmetal parts and skinthat cannot bend,says Raibert.Still,recent progressis impressiveenough that the militaryhas begunto beton leggedbots.The Officeof NavalResearch isworking withVirginia Techon a humanoid firefightingrobot,and Dynamicsshowed offtwo ofits latestprojects:Cheetah,a four-legged robotcapable ofrunning28miles per hour,and theLogged Squad Support System,a bigand awkwardheadless robotfunded byDARPA andthe MarineCorps to help carrythings inplaces likemountain areas.“Half theland onearth istoo rough,sandy,or rockyfor wheeled things,says Raibert.Humans andanimals cango tothose places.They arethe onlyexamples ofsuccessful systemsthat dowhat were tryingto do.None of the walkingrobots ismeant tofight.They*re designedto putout firesand cleanup industrialaccidents.But theyare al1funded bythe military.T mwel1aware ofhow theworld works,says Dennis Hong,founding directorof VirginiaTech srobotics lab.u Robots for me are tools tohelp society,not tofight in wars.But oncea technologyleaves ourlab,there*s no way to control how people can use it.【语篇导读】本文是说明文未来的机器人将会设计得越来越像人类，并能完成复杂的任务

1.In MarcRailbort*s opinion,robots need to bedesigned likehumans to________.A.accomplish complextasks B.be controlledefficiently C.survive disastersI）,appear friendly答案:A解析细节理解题根据第一段中的If youre ahumanoid...access canbe increasedand youcan useavailable tools...ahumanoidrobot willbe ableto drivetrucks,ind enterpower plants.可知，类人化的机器人可以到更多的地方，完成岌杂的任务

2.Which of the followingis mostlikely tobe Cheetah答案:c解析细节理解题根据第二段中的Cheetah,a four-legged robotcapable ofrunning28mi lesperhour”可知,Cheetah是四脚着地的机器人，故选C项

3.The underlinedword Theyin Paragraph3most probably refers to__________.A.Cheetah andthe LeggedSquadSupport System B.humans andanimals C.wheeledthingsD.legged robots答案:A解析:篇章结构题根据第三段内容可知，地球上一半的道路都不适合轮子通过，但是人类和动物可以到这这些地方,所以人们模仿自己和动物设计出了“有腿的”机器人上段中提到的Cheetah可以一*小时跑28英里,Logged SquadSupportSystem可以在山区等地方帮助人们驮东西，因此说这两个机器人是研发成功的例子,能够做我们人类做的事情

4.How doesDennis Hongfeel aboutusing robotsinwarsA.Surpri sed.B.Cauti ous.C.Uninterested.D.Helpless.答案:D解析:推理判断题根据最后一段末的Robotsformearetoolstohelpsociety,not tofight inwars.But oncea technologyleaves ourlab,there snowaytocontrolhowpeoplecanuseit.”可知,DennisHong认为设计机器人是为了造福社会，而不是为了战争，但是一旦一项技术离开了他们的实验室，他们就无法控制人们怎样利用这项技术由此可推测,他对于机器人被使用在战争中感到无能为力B Whenit comesto preschooleducation,there aretwo linesof thought.One saysthat preschoolersneedtobe taughtearly academicskills inorder toget aleg upon futureschool achievement.Another saysthe focusshould beon social and emotionaldevelopment.But,new researchfrom Penn State Universitysays a high quality preschool programshould doboth.Karen Bierman,PennStateProfessor ofPsychology,and herteam studied350preschoolers.Half weretaught thetraditional curriculum（课程）.The other half weregiven thebasic curriculumas wellas socialand emotional teachings.The resultsshow that the halfstudents taughtwith acurriculum thatincludes sociallessons,such assharing,listening,and self-control,score higherin boththe socialand academicareas ofschool readinessthattheotherhalfstudents.The otherfinding isthat whenyou workon bothacademic andsocial-emotional skills,you getstronger gainsin bothareas.You getthe combinedpower whenyou putboth together,so neitherarea isweakened,she says.Clearly,knowing howto share,develop healthy friendships,and learnside-by-side withothers isimportant to a childs academicachievement inthe classroom.But,Bierman saysthe importance of socialand emotionaleducation goesbeyond that.Preschool isprime limefor thedevelopment ofself-regulation,which notonly tells a childnot tohit anotherchild,but alsotellsachild howto setpersonal goalsand focushimself enoughto followthrough withthose goals.And theability toregulate behavioris whathelps childrenget motivatedat school.“When theyget upset,bored,or frustrated,it doesn,t defeatthem,she says.Goal-oriented（面向目标的）and motivatedlearning isbest taughtin preschool,Bierman says,when theprefrontal partof thebrain,which controlsdecisionmaking,is atthe heightof development.First gradeteachers canteach letternames,but preschoolis whenthat behavioris peakingand languageis justbeginning todevelop,she says.【语篇导读】本文是议论文有人认为应该教授学前儿童基本的知识及学习技能以应对将来的学习生活，有人认为应该着重发展学前儿童的社交能力并让他们学会管理自己的情绪Karen Bierman则认为这两者不应该相互排斥，一个好的学前教育应该包含这两方面的内容

5.Karen Biermanand herteam carriedout theresearch by_________.A.tracking350preschoolers for years B.separating childreninto twoequal groupsC.working outahighqualitypreschoolprogram I）,analyzing theimportanceofsocialand emotionalteaching答案:B解析细节理解题根据第二段中的“Half weretaught thetraditional curriculum（课程）.The otherhalf weregiven thebasic curriculumas we11as socialandemotionalteachings.”不难看出,Karen Bierman和她的研究小组把研究对象平均分成两组，分别教授不同的课程

6.The underlinedwords primetime inthe textprobablyreferto___________.A.the besttime B.the onlytime C.the earliesttime D.the suitabletime答案:A解析:词义猜测题根据最后两段内容，尤其是“Goal-oriented（面向目标的）and motivatedlearning isbest taughtin preschool.可推测,教授包括面向目标的学习及有动机的学习在内的情绪管理的“最佳时间”是在孩子入学前

7.According to the text,self-regulation canhelp children________.A.be willingto studyB.become emotionlessC.memorize letternames D.learn languagequickly答案:A解析细节理解题根据倒数第二段中的“And theability toregulate behavioris whathelps childrenget motivatedat school.n可知答案为A项

8.What sthe besttitle forthe textA.Preschool learning:more thanABCs and123s B.Karen Bierman:freeing kidsfrom boringlearning C.Learning self-regulation inpreschool:why itmatters D.Academic andsocial-emotional skiIls:which ismore important答案:A解析:主旨大意题文章第一段是本文的主题段:学前教育不应该仅仅教授基本知识,还应该包括社交能力和情绪管理方面的内容A项符合本文主题II.七选五Five simplethings thatare actuallycomplex Theproof for1+1=2”is300pages long

1._____In theearly20th century,Bertrand Russel1wanted toprove thatmathematics worked,so hedecided tostart withthe simplestconcept andprove1+1=

2.However,it tookthe mathematicianand philosopher372pages ofcomplex sums.Defining the word the”is reallydifficult Theword theis oneof themost commonwords inEnglish.2__________For example,why dowc say,I havethe flu,but notI havethe headacheIn theOxford EnglishDictionary,there arealmost twodozen different waysthewordcanbeused ina sentencecorrectly:Yawning Somepeop1e saywe yawnto keepus alert（警觉的）by takingin oxygen.However,various experimentshave shownthat yawningactually coolsdown thebrain.

3.____________As for why yawningis contagious（感染性勺），no oneknows thatcither.Left and right havebeen confusingphilosophers foryears Wouldyou explainthe conceptof left andrightin termsof yourrelative positiontoawell-known landmark（地标性建筑）？

4.____________________It,saquestion thathas beenpuzzling philosophersforyearsbecause,wi thouta pointof reference,it*s difficult todefine whatleftandright actuallyare.

5.____You*d thinkthatthereason weenjoy thingsis becauseit feelsgood insome way,but its onlyhalf thestory.There sa famousexperiment wherewine expertswere fooledinto thinkinga cheapbottle of wine wasan outstandingone justby switchingthe labels.Their enjoymentoftheproduct wasn*t based on appreciationof wine—it wasbased onthe factthat theywere toldit wasgood wine.A.What youfeel maynotbethe truth.B.We enjoythings forreasons otherthan enjoyment.C.But whatif youwere talkingto onewho couldn*t seeD.We allknow thatone plusone equalstwo,but doyou knowwhy E.In fact,there isno universallyagreed theoryforwhywe actuallyyawn.F.Maybe youd refertothemove ofthe Earthorsomethingcomparably huge.G.Most ofus haveprobably neverstopped tothink abouthow strangea wordi tactually is.答案与解析【语篇导读】木文是说明文文章列举了五件让人琢磨不透的简单事

1.D解析:根据本段标题可知，本段是介绍“关于1+1=2的论证有300多页”D项中的one plusone equalstwo符合本段内容°

2.G解析:根据本空后的例子可知，同样是在说生病，但是有的时候用lhe,有的时候不用the,所以说the“这个词实际上非常奇怪，只是因为它太常见了，所以“大部分人从来没想过这回事

3.E解析:本空前两句分别介绍了关于打哈欠的两种不同理论，由此可推测“实际上，关「我们为什么打哈欠现在还没有一个一致同意的理论本空后一句中的no oneknows thateither也提示了大家还不知道为什么会打哈欠、打哈欠为什么会传染

4.C解析:根据本空前的内容可知，我们有时会以自己与某一地标性建筑的相对位置来定义左右，“但是如果我们是同一个盲人交谈呢”，又该如何定义左右呢这也是为什么如何定义左右困扰了哲学家很多年

5.B解析:根据本段列举的例子及最后一句Their enjoymentoftheproduct wasn*t basedon appreciationofwine—it wasbasedonthe factthat theywere toldit wasgood wine.”可知，“我们喜欢-样东西不是因为它能带给我们愉悦，而是因为其他的原因”III.书面表达假设你是李华你的美国同学戴维曾在中国与你一起学习了半年，但回国后就失去了联系请你给他的爸爸史密斯先生发•封邮件，感谢戴维对你英语学习的帮助，询问他的近况和联系方式并邀请他在春节期间来中国旅游注意

1.词数100左右；

2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3.邮件的格式已给出，不计入总词数Dear Mr.Smith,Yours sincerely,Li Hua参考范文Dear Mr.Smith,I*m writingto expressmy warmestthanks toyour son,David.He offeredme greathelp withmy Englishlearning whilehe wasstudying in China.T vesent severale-mails afterhis returningto America.However,I havent gotany replyso far.It*s possiblethat Ive gota wronge-mai]address.It hasbeen along timesince Isaw him.I wonderif heis havinga goodtime.Can youdo mea favorand helpme getin touchwith himWith theSpring Festivaldrawing near,I*d1ike toinvite himto travelinChina.I canact ashis tourguide.Yours sincerely,Li Hua[导学号95480051]。