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中考英语语法词类详细讲解名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、冠词、介词、连词和感叹词
1.名词.n.名词用来表示人、事物或抽象概念,如boy男孩,morning早晨,duty责任,在句子中主要作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、同位语、定语等The tomatoeson thetable arevery fresh,桌子上的西红柿很新鲜(作主语)He isa doctor.他是个医生(作表语)Well callthe babyMary,我们要给这个婴儿取名玛丽(作宾语补足语)
2.代词.pro.代词用来代替名词或数词,如we我们,their他们的,that那个,several凡个;在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等I knowher sister.She isalways readyto helpothers,我认识她妹妹,她乐于助人(I和she作主语;her作定语;others作宾语)The Englishteacher isnot himselftoday.英语老师今天不舒服(作表语)
3.数词.num.数词表示数目和顺序,即基数词和序数词如one一个,thousand千,twelfth第十二;在句子主要作主语、宾语、表语、定语等Three ofus arefrom Beijing.我们中有三个人是北京来的(作主语)You arethe secondone tocome to see me.你是第二个来看我的人(作定语)We dontneed somany people.We needonly five.我们不需要这么多人,我们只需要五个(作宾语)
4.形容词.adj.形容词表示人或事物的特征,如big、white在句中主要作表语、定语、补足语等Look!Your bikeis biggerthan mine.看,你的自行车比我的大(作表语)He foundthe dooropen.他发现门是开着的(作宾语补足语)
5.副词.adv.副词表示时间、地点、程度、动作特征等,如now现在,often经常,quietly安静地;在句中主要作状语,修饰形容词、副词、动词、句子等She cansing verywell.她歌唱得非常好(修饰副词well)He steppedinto theroom quietlywithout beingnoticed.他悄悄地走进房间,没有人注意到他(修饰动词stepped)
6.动词.v.动词用来表示动作或状态,如speak说,lie躺,become成为;在句中主要作谓语或与名词、形容词、实义动词等一起构成复合谓语He boughta computeryesterday.他昨天买了一台电脑(作谓语)Tom wassick athome.汤姆有病在家(与形容词一起构成复合谓语)
7.冠词.art.冠词用于名词前,对名词起限制作用,不定冠词a/an一个,定冠词the这/那个,这/那些There aresome vegetablesin thebasket.篮子里有些蔬菜
8.介词.prep.介词用于名词或代词前,表示与其他词的关系如on在……上面,for为……o I have waitedhere forthree hours.我在这里等了三个小时了
9.连词.conj.连词用于连接词与词、短语与短语或句子与句子,如and和,but但是,when当……时候We talkedand talkeduntil hecame.我们一直谈到他来
10.感叹词.interj.感叹词用来表示说话时的感情或口气如hi嗨,hello喂,aha啊哈,wow哇Ah,here isthe thingIm after.啊,我找的东西在这里呢
二、易错点
1.形容词和副词用法混淆Children onthe playgroundare playinghappy.操场上的孩子们高兴地玩着解析happy是形容词,这个句子应该用副词修饰动词,应改为happily Whenhis fatherheard this,he gotangrily.他爸爸听到这,就生气了解析get是系动词,后面要接形容词表示主语的状态,angrily应改为angry0Look!It israining hardlyoutside.外面雨卜得很大解析:副词hard(猛烈地)误用为hardly(几乎不)再如容易错误的把friendlylovely等形容词当作副词来使用
2.连词和副词用法混淆We werevery tired,however,we feltexcited.我们很累,但是很兴奋分析however是副词,不能连接句子,应把however,改为but,或者改为We werevery tiredHowever,we feltexcited.
3.介词和副词用法混淆He toldme theteacher askedme tocome into.他告诉我老师让我进去解析into是介词,应该接宾语,否则就应该用in代替into也可以改成come intothe classroomo中考英语常用句型句型1There+be+主语+地点状语/时间状语Theres aboat in the river.河里有条船句型2Whats wrongwith+sb./sth.Whats wrongwith yourwatch你的手表有什么毛病句型3How doyou like...How doyou likeChina你觉得中国怎么样句型4What doyou likeabout...What doyou likeabout China你喜欢中国的什么?句型5had betternot4-动词原形Youd betterask thatpoliceman overthere.你最好去问问那边的那个警察句型6How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语!What a/an+adj.+n.+主语+谓语!How coldit is today!今天多冷啊IWhat afine pictureit is!多美的一幅图画呀!句型7Thank+sb.+fordoingsth.Thank youfor comingto seeme.感谢你来看我句型8So+be/情态动词/助动词+主语He isa student.So amI,他是一个学生,我也是句型
9...not...until...He didnthave supperuntil hisparents cameback.直到他的父母回来他才吃饭句型10比较级+and+比较级The babycried harderand harder.那孩了哭得越来越厉害句型11the+比较级,the+比较级The moreone has,the moreone wants.越有越贪句型
12...as+adv.+as...•••not asso+adj./adv.+as...Do youthink thatart isas importantas music你认为艺术和音乐一样重要吗?Last Sundaythe weatherwas notso wetas it istoday.上个星期天的天气不如今天的天气潮湿句型13more/less+adj.+than...l thinkart isless importantthan music.我认为艺术不如音乐重要句型14stop---from doingsth.The GreatGreen Wallwill stopthe windfrom blowingthe earthaway,绿色长城将阻挡风吹走土壤句型15both...and...Both youand Iare students.我和你都是学生句型16either...or...Either youor heis wrong.不是你错就是他错句型17neither...nor...Neither henor Iam astudent.我和他都不是学生句型
18...as soon as...As soonas Isee him,Ill givehim themessage.我一见到他,我就把你的消息告诉他句型
19...so+adj./adv.+that...I wasso tiredthat Ididnt wantto speak.我累得连话也不想说了句型20Though...+主句Though Ilike writingto mypen-friend,it takesa lotof time.虽然我喜欢给笔友写信,但它要耗费我大量时间句型21be goingtoThis afternoonIm goingto buy a Qisu English book.今天下午我要去买本奇速英语书句型22be differentfro mlthink thisis differentfrom Chinesenames.我认为这与汉语名字不同句型23Welcomebackto...Welcome backto school!欢迎回到学校!句型24have fundoingWere goingto havefun learningand speakingEnglish thisterm.这学期我们将兴味盎然地学习和讲英语句型
25...because.../...»so...I dontknow allyour namesbecause thisis ourfirst lesson.因为这是我们的第一节课,所以我并不知道你们所有人的名字句型26Why dontyou.../Why not...Why dontyou cometo schoola littleearlier为什么不早点到校呢?句型27make itLetsmake ithalf pastnine.让我们定在九点半吧!句型28have nothingto doTheyhave nothingto doevery day.他们每天无所事事句型29be sure/be sureof/about sth./be sureto dosb.I thinkso,but Imnot sure.我想是这样,但不敢确定I wasnot sureof/about theway,so Iasked someone.我对于怎么走没有把握,所以我问别人了句型30between...and...There isa shopbetween thehospital andthe school.在那家医院和那所学校之间有一家商店句型31keep sb./sth.+V-ing/介词补语/adv.You mustkeep yourclassroom clean.你们必须保持教室干净Sorry tohave keptyou waiting.对不起,让你久等Can youkeep himintheroom你能让他在这个房里吗Keep themhere.让他们在这儿呆着句型32find+宾语+宾补He findsit veryhard totravel aroundthe bigcity.他发现要环游这个大城市是很难的句型
33...not...anymore/longerThe oldman doesnttravel anymore.这位老人不再旅行了He isnta thiefany longer.他不再是个贼句型34Whats theweather like...Whats theweather likein springin yourhometown在你们家乡春天天气怎么样?句型35There isno time to do/have no timetodoThere wasno timeto think.没有时间思考Ihavenotimeto gohome forlunch.我没有时间回家吃午饭句型36Help oneselfto...Help yourselfto somefish.吃鱼吧!句型37used todol usedto readthis kindof story books.我过去常读这种故事书句型38borrow...fro mlborrowed aQisuEnglishbook fromhim.我从他那借了一本奇速英语书句型39lend sb.sth./lend sth.to sb.He lentme a story book/He lentastorybook tome.他借/本故事书给我句型40have beentoHave youever beento Hawaii你曾去过夏威夷吗?句型41have gone toWheres heHesgonetoWashington.他在哪儿?他去华盛顿了句型42be famous forHawaii isfamousforits beautifulbeaches.夏威夷以它美丽的海滩而出名句型43No matter+疑问句+主句No matterwhen youcome,you arewelcomed,无论你们什么时候来,都受欢迎句型44be afraidfof/todo/that...lm afraidnot.恐怕不能Dont beafraid ofmaking mistakeswhen speakingEnglish.当说英语时不要害怕犯错误句型
45...as...as possible/...as...as sbcanl hopetoseehim assoonaspossible.我希望能尽快见到他He ranhere asfast ashe could.他尽最大努力跑到这儿句型46practise/enjoy/finish doingAyoung manpractised speakingEnglish withMr Green.一个年青人和格林先生练习说英语Tom enjoysplaying footballvery much.汤姆很喜欢踢足球He finishedreading thestorybook.他看完了那本故事书句型47Its saidthat...Its saidthat oneof themost dangeroussharks isthe GreatWhite Shark.据说最危险的鲨鱼之一是大白鲨句型48Not all/everyone...Not allsharks arealike.并不是所有的鲨鱼都样Not everyonelikes dumplings.并不是每个人都喜欢饺子句型49be basedonHis argumentis basedon facts.他的论断是以事实为根据的句型
50...so that...Put thetree inthe holeso thatitisstraight.把树放入洞穴中,让它立直句型51be+num.+metres/kilometres/years...+long/wide/deep/high/old...The GreatGreen Wallis7,000kilometres long.绿色长城长7000公里The riveris about2metres deep.这条河大约有2米深0The boyis about12years old.这个男孩约12岁句型52keep...from doingTheheavy rainkept usfrom startingout.大雨阻止了我们出发句型53with oneshelp...With Tomshelp,Ive cometo Americato studyfurther.在汤姆的帮助下,我来美国深造句型54I dontthink...I dontthink anyof themis interesting.我认为他们中任何一个都无趣句型55Whats thepopulation of...Whats thepopulation ofGermany德国的人口有多少?句型56prefer todo…rather thando Theyprefer tobuyanew onerather thanrepair it.他们更喜欢买一辆新车,而不愿去修理它句型57be worthdoing---This bookis worthreading.这本书值得读句型58regard…asThey regardedtheir petsas membersof theirfamilies.也们把宠物视为家庭成员句型59be confidentoflm confidentof success.我确信会成功句型60seem todo/seem+adj./介词短语He seemsto be angry.他似乎生气了o Thehouse seemstoo noisy,这房子似乎太吵了句型61beangrywith/about/atdoingWere allvery angrywith ourselves.我们都很生自己的气I wasangry abouthis decisionto builda factoryhere.我很生气他决定把工厂建在这儿I wasangry atbeing keptwaiting.这样一直等我很生气句型62pay for/pay…for Hepaid for the bookand wentaway.他付完书款便离开了I paidhim£200forthepainting.买这幅画我付了他200英镑。