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大学英语四级考试模拟试题Part IWriting
1、Directions:For thispart,you areallowed30minutes towrite ashort essay.You shouldstart youressay with a briefdescription of the pictureand thenexpress yourviews on the burdenchildren arefacing.You shouldwrite at least120words butno more than180words.At12months,your childshould beginwalking,speaking wordsand makinghis firstattempts atreading.Part IIListening Comprehension Section ADirections:In this section,you willhear threenews reports.At theend of each news report,you willhear twoor threequestions.Both thenews reportand the questions will be spoken only once.After youhear aquestion,you mustchoose the best answerfrom thefour choicesmarked A,B,C andD.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Shoot1with asingle linethrough thecentre.Questions1and2are busedon thenews reportyou have just heard.
2、A.They aresafe in daily use.B.They can be puton skinsexcept faces.C.No chemicals should be used indaily life.D.Children should not usethem.
3、A.To inspectharmfulness of chemical mixtures.B.To provechemicals areharmless.C.To producesafe chemicals.D.To studychemical compositions.Questions3and4are busedon thenews reportyou have just heard.
4、A.They arerare species.B.They protectthe environment.C.They pollinatecrops andwild plants.D.They protectcrops andwild plants.
5、A.Chemicals shouldbe usedas manyas possible.B.Chemicals shouldbe usedonly if necessary.C.Chemicals shouldbe usedas fewas possible.D.Chemicals shouldbe usedonce amonth.Questions5to7are based on thenewsreportyou have just heard.
6、A.In Australia and Africa.B.In Austriaand Africa.C.In Australiaand America.D.In Austriaand America.
7、A.Better medicalequipment.B.More health care.C.Better education.D.More jobchances.
8、A.Its about2500pounds.B.Its about2500dollars.Too ManyBurdens toBear Asis illustratedin thepicture,the newbornbaby isexpected to learn towalk,speak andread at12-month old,an agewhen babiescan barelymake meaningfulutterances.This picturevividly showsthat fiercecompetition inmodern timeis imposingheavier andheavier burdenson children,who are now deprivedof theright toenjoy acarefree childhood.It is not difficultto observethe heavypressures imposedon childrennowadays.The timehas come to changeour philosophyof education.On theone hand,too manypressures arelikely totwist childrensmental health,which isdefinitely detrimentalto theirlong-term development.On theother hand,readiness tolearn shouldbe prioritizedover otherfactors inthat interestis the most potentdriving forcetolearn.One ismore likelyto succeedwhen he is motivatedthan whenheisforced tolearn.It istrue thatchildren shouldstart learningat anearly ageto keepabreast with their peers.Nonetheless,they shouldnot bearexcessive pressures,which willhinder theirgrowth.Part IIListening ComprehensionSection A
2、A[听力原文]Every day,people comeinto contactwith thousands of chemicals.These chemicalsare saidto beharmless tohuman health.In fact,the chemicalsare consideredso safethat wewash with them.We put them on our bodiesand evenonourfaces.Other chemicalproducts areused throughoutour homes.By thetime youwalk outyour frontdoor,you have already beenexposed tothousandsofchemicals.On itsown,each chemicalseems harmless.But incombination withother chemicals,they may become deadly.That is the findingof atwo-year studyby atask forceof scientists.The task force was told toinvestigate thecancer-causing probabilityofchemicalmixtures.Their jobwastostudy thecancer-causing potentialof85chemicals.All85are saidto becommon in the environment.They explainthat chemicalshave thepotential,or ability,to formdangerous mixtures.How dopeople seechemicals inlife
3、A[听力原文]What is the scientiststask
4、C[听力原文]A newstudy says a widely-used insecticideis damagingwild beepopulations.Wild beesare important,because theypollinate(授粉)crops andwild plants.Environmentalists in the UnitedStates andEurope saythis insecticideis causing a drop in thenumber of bees.These insecticidesare amongthe mostcommonly-used worldwide.Farmers oftenuse seedstreated withthe insecticides.The chemicalstarget insectsthat eatcrops,and theydo notspread beyondthe field.But theydo getinto pollen(花粉)and nectar(花蜜),which iswhere the bees comeinto contactwiththem.Researchers studiedbees infields.They saythere wereabout halfas manywild beesper squaremeter intreated fieldsas inuntreated ones.Using thechemicals toomuch may be hurtingbees.They suggestthat thechemicalsshouldbe usedmore sensibly,or;in otherwords,only whennecessary.Why arewild beesimportant
5、B[听力原文]What doresearchers suggestwhen usingchemicals
6、C[听力原文]A deafand blindwoman fromAustralia hasbecome the first personto makea telephonecall using a devicethat convertsspeech intoBraille.The technologyis beingtested for thefirsttime inAustraliaand the UnitedStates.One testinvolved asimple phonecall betweentwo sisters.Michelle Stevensis deafand blind.Ms.Stevens says the brailletelephone willend yearsof feelingisolated,or feelingalone and apart from others.The Brailletelephone system will be a greathelp toher and others.This telephone systemwill be oneway tobreak theisolation ofdeaf-blindness.She adds that withfuture developments,the phonesystem mightbe able to givedeaf-blind peoplemore jobopportunities.Not beingabletocommunicate in the officeor on the telephoneis a major employmentbarrier forpeople whoare deaf-blind.The phoneswork bytransferring spokenwords ontowhat iscalled adynamic brailledisplay.However;the phonesystem isexpensive.It costsabout$
2500.Where was the technologyfirst tested
7、D[听力原文]What mightthe phonesystem giveto thedeaf-blind
8、B[听力原文]How muchisthe phonesystemSection B
9、B[听力原文]W:You lookbetter today.How didyour testgo M:Much betterthan itdid yesterday.W:Did youpass M:I not only passedit,but Igot highmarks!Im sohappy!W:You shouldbe.You workedreally hardlast nightpreparing forit.M:Thank youfor helpingme withit.If youhadnt encouraged meto do mybest,I wouldnthave everbeen ableto pass.W:You donthave tothank me.Its just a part of myjob asyour counselor.M:Did youalways dowell inhigh schoolW:No,in fact,I wasterrible attaking exams.M:Really W:Sure,but myteachers alwaysencouragedmeto dothe bestand thathelped mea lot.By theway,when areyour finalexams M:In abouttwo months.W:When doyou planto prepare for thoseexams M:Well,most studentsjust cramthe nightbefore.W:Do youthink thatsa good idea M:No,I thinkI shouldstudy alittle bitat a time,starting a few weeks before the exam.W:That soundslike agoodidea.What areyou going todo if you have any questions whileyoure studyingM:Ill goand talkto myprofessor ora learningsupport assistant.W:Sounds like youve learnedsomething usefulthis year!Why doesthe manlook sohappy today
10、D[听力原文]When domost studentsprepareforexams according to the man
11、D[听力原文]What willthe mandoifhe has anyquestionsduring the study
12、C[听力原文]What isthe relationship between thetwo speakers
13、B[听力原文]W:You dontlook toowell.Maybe youshould take the dayoff fromwork.M:I couldntdo that.I have an importantmeeting to go totoday.W:Do youfeel OKM:Not really.After a12-hour flight,Ive gotjet lag,and ontop ofthat,I thinkIve alsogot theflu.W:Why dontyou callyour secretaryand tellher toreschedule the meeting You should reallytake a rest at home oryoull endup feelingeven worsethan you do now.M:Could youfeel myforehead andcheck tosee ifI have a feverW:Youre reallyhot.Let meget yousome Tylenolto bringthe feverdown.M:OK.Ill stayathomethis morningand takearest,but ifI feelbetter in the afternoon,Im goingto themeeting.Now Illcall mysecretary.W:Gosh,whats thaton yourarm M:I dontknow.It looksa bitred,but Imsure itsnothing.W:It lookslikeyouhave ared rash!Are youallergic to anything M:Just cats,but I dont thinkI wasnear anycats in the lastcouple ofweeks.W:I completelyforgot aboutyour cat allergy.I tookcare of a catfor myfriend hereafewdays ago.Oh no,wed bettergo to the doctorto getsome medicine.Lets go.M:Shouldnt wemake anappointment firstW:We should,but letsjust goand seeif theresan openingnow beforeit getsworse.Why isthe manunwilling to askforleave
14、B[听力原文]What willthe mancall hissecretary todo
15、C[听力原文]Why doesthemanhave ared rash
16、B[听力原文]What willthe speakersprobably donext Section C
17、A[听力原文]There isprobably noarea of human activityin whichour values and lifestylesare reflectedmore vividlythan they are in the clothesthat wechoose towear.The dressof anindividual is a kindof signlanguage thatcommunicates a complex set of information and isusually thebasis onwhich immediateimpressions areformed.Traditionally,a concernfor clotheswas consideredto bea femininepreoccupation,while mentook pridein thefact that they werecompletely lackingin clothesconsciousness.Times havechanged asmasculine dresstakes ongreater varietyand color.As earlyas1955,research revealedthat menattached highimportance to the valueof clothingindailylife.White-collar workersin particularviewed dressas asymbol capableof manipulation(控制),which could beusedto impressor influenceothers,especially inwork situations.Although blue-collar workerswere lessaware that they mightbe judgedon thebasis of their clothing,they recognizedthat anydifference from the accepted pattern ofdress woulddraw scofffrom fellowworkers.Since thattime,the patternhas changed:The typicaloffice workers may nowbe wearingthe blueshirt,and thelaborers thewhite shirt;but theimportance ofdress hasnot diminished.What canour clothesdo according to thepassage
18、A[听力原文]What canwe knowabout menin the past
19、D[听力原文]What canwe learnabout blue-collar workersaccording to the researchof
195520、C[听力原文]What isthis passagemainly about
21、B[听力原文]Your co-workers havebeen gossipingless asof late,and thatshould havethe oldboss worried.Most workers——63percent,in fact—say thatwater coolerchit-chat abouttheir co-workers iscommonplace,but thatsdown fromfour years ago whennearly85percent ofcompanies saidthat office gossip wasa regularoccurrence.The declinemay beindicative of a pick-up in the largereconomy,especially whencompared to the reportedboost ingossip andrumors aboutdownsizing andlayoffs as the economyworsened.Since thedepths of the financial crisis,corporate profitshave rackedup acouple all-time highsand hiringhas seena slightincrease,perhaps alleviatingsome workplacepressure.Yet adropin office gossipmay actuallybe harming,not helping,worker productivity.When itfocuses ongeneral rumorsinstead ofmalicious tidbits,office gossipcan actuallyhelp workersbond duringatime of anxiety.If employeesbond enough,it couldget them to hangout outsidethe office,an additionalproductivity boost.More thanhalf ofsupervisors sayco-workers doublingas friendsoutside of the officehas apositive impact on theworkplace,the Timesof Indiareports.In addition,workersmay have toengage insome officechit-chat to be successfulatacompany.Nearly60percent of workers saidgetting involved in officepolitics isnecessary toget ahead,accordingto a surveyfrom RobertHalf International,a financeand accountingfirm.What can be inferredabout office gossip
22、C[听力原文]What isthe probablerelationshipbetweenoffice gossipand the economy
23、A[听力原文]What benefit can officegossip bring
24、C[听力原文]Before refrigeratorswere invented,the nextbest thingwas anice box.But anotherway to keep foods fresh isto usean evaporativecooler.A commondesign isa tallbox withseveral shelvesinside tohold thefoods.The shelvesare pieces of metalwith manysmall holesthrough them.The sidesof thebox arecovered withpiecesofthick cloth.Containers ofwater areplaced atthe topand bottom of the cooler.The endsofeachpiece ofcloth liein the water sothe clothstays wet.The cooleris putoutdoors,but not in the sun.Air willpass through the wetcloth.The insideof thebox willstay severaldegrees coolerthan theoutside airtemperature.And thismaybecool enough to keepfoods fresh,atleastfor ashort time.Some foodscan makeyou sickif they are storedin conditions that are not cold enoughtoprevent thegrowth ofharmful organisms.Freezing cankeep somefoods ingood conditionfor monthsafter thegrowing season.Yet foodscan bedamaged ifthey arekept toocold.The Britishdevelopment groupPractical Actionsaysthebest way to preparefoods forstorage isat harvest time whilestill in the field.Use asharp knifeand placethe harvesteditems on a cleansurface ordirectly into storage containers.Do notputthem on the ground.How didpeople keepfoodsfreshbefore refrigeratorswere invented
25、C[听力原文]What shouldbe donetokeepthe clothwet
26、D[听力原文]Whats thebest wayto preparefoods forstorage accordingto thepassage Part III Reading ComprehensionSection A
27、[解析]形容词辨析题空格前面为冠词a,空格后面为名词jump,故推测空格处为形容词该句中jump指的是27000年甚至40000年前相较于11000年至16000年前的一个跨越根据时间的角度来考虑,这是-个非常巨大的跳跃,备选项中,dramatic表示“巨大的,急剧的”,符合句意,故为答案
28、[解析]副词辨析题分析空格所在定语从句的语法结构可知,该从句成分完整,因此空格处应填入副词,用来修饰从句的谓语动词该部分意为狗____________被认为是狼祖先的一个分支备选项中的三个副词中,increasingly意思是“越来越多地”,previously意思是“以前,先前”,seldom意思是“很少”,该段对比的是两种观点,有时间上的先后关系,previously符合句意,故为答案
29、【解析]动词辨析题分析空格所在句的语法结构可知,该句缺少谓语,因此空格处应填入动词该句句意为:在哈佛研究员Pontus Skoglun的带领下,此项研究的作者____________35000年前来自西伯利亚的狼样本的DNA备选项中的动词能够和DNA搭配的只有examined,表示“检测”的意思,故为答案
30、[解析]动词辨析题根据空格前面的动词不定式符号to可知,空格处应为动词原形备选项的动词中只有conclude和preview为动词原形该句句意为他们进行的基因组分析让他们___________,这只狼是.....o preview的意思是“预展”,与句意不符,而conclude的意思是“推断出”,符合句意,故为答案
31、[解析]名词辨析题根据空格前面的定冠词the和空格后的介词of推断空格处为名词空格前面的close...to表示“与....接近”,且与in time有关后文中domestic dog表示“家养的狗”,备选项中的名词中,只有appearance出现”能够和domestic dog构成所属关系,故为答案
32、[解析]名词辨析题根据空格前面的定冠词The和后面的介词for推断空格处为名词而根据后面的was推断该名词为不可数名词或是可数名词的单数形式该句句意为这项发现的___________是对古代骨骼的发现由冒号后面的内容可知,古代骨骼的发现“促成”了这项发现,备选项的名词中,impetus有“动力”之意,符合句意,故为答案
33、[解析]名词辨析题根据空格前面的these推断空格处为名词,旦为复数形式,可以考虑备选项中的discoveries和inventionso根据句子主语researchers和谓语动词made nJ知,研兖者做出的不是发明,而是发现,只有discoveries符合句意,故为答案
34、[解析]动词辨析题根据空格前面的this wasonly推测空格处为名词、形容词或是动词的过去分词形式,而根据后面的using可以进一步判断空格处应为动词的过去分词形式由分号前面的内容可知,最开始他们没有意识到这块骨骼碎片来自狼,由此可推断出他们回到实验室后应该是通过基因检测的方式才进行了“确认”备选项中determined意思是确定,查明”,符合句意,故为答案
35、[解析]动词辨析题根据空格前面的have easily推断空格处为动词的过去分词形式,且与空格后面的介词to构成搭配备选项中只有belonged满足这两个条件代入句中,此处意为“这块骨骼也很可能来自现在的狼”
36、[解析]形容词辨析题根据空格前面的冠词an和后面的Taimyr wolf推断空格处为形容词,且以元音音素开头备选项中只有ancient符合条件由空格前面的内容可知,这块骨骼有35000年之久,可见它来自古代的狼,ancient意为“古代的”,符合句意,故为答案Section B
37、[解析]同义转述题根据定位句可知,最近的研究发现,养蜂人在去年损失了大约40%的商业蜂群,很多专家担心蜜蜂的持续性减少会对人类的食物供应产生很大的影响题干中的result in the decline ofhuman food supplies和定位句中的haveamajor impacton human food supplies为同义转述,因此答案为D
38、【解析]同义转述题根据定位句可知,整个国家面临着大范围的蜜蜂减少,允许养蜂人活捉蜂群不仅对养蜂人有益,同时也可以帮助岌岌可危的蜜蜂题干中的benefits和定位句中的is...good for含义相同,decreasing bees是对struggling bees的同义转述,因此答案为
39、[解析]同义转述题根据定位句可知,成群的蜜蜂看起来很危险,但专家说蜜蜂成群存在时是最安全的题干中的their threateningappearance和定位句中的Their appearance...can bemenacing为同义转述,因此答案为G
40、[解析]同义转述题根据定位句可知,奥巴马政府于上周发布了一项国家性战略,包括控制某些杀虫剂的使用,旨在让蜜蜂数最减少的情况有所好转题干中的A newpolicy指的就是定位句中的National Strategy...,因此答案为E
41、[解析]同义转述题根据定位句可知,某些人也许会通过喷洒杀虫剂或其他化学品来杀掉蜜蜂题干中的Some individuals和定位句中的some citizens为同义转述,因此答案为J
42、[解析]同义转述题根据定位句可知,蜂群很少会在同一个地方待上超过一天的时间,因此被落卜的蜜蜂不得不独自启程题干中的often move to new places和定位句中的rarely stay in one place含义一致,fly alone和take offon their own为同义转述,因此答案为I
43、[解析]细节归纳题根据定位句可知,我们正在试图找到那些知道如何应对害虫、疾病和*候变化的蜜蜂基因非常非常重要题干中的genetically和定位句中的genes是对应的,题干中的fighting with pests,disease and the complexclimate是对定位句中know how to cope with pests and disease...profound changesin climate的概括,因此答案为No
44、[解析]同义转述题根据定位句可知,即使蜂群被人类手下留情放过了,也仍然会在环境干扰卜脆弱不堪,无家可归题干中的not destroyedby people和定位句中的le代alone byhumans为同义转述,因此答案为L
45、[解析]同义转述题根据定位句可知,在城市中发现的蜂群有可能来自一个野生族群为了求生存,它们必须非常强大题干中的city areas和定位句中的an urban setting为同义转述,因此答案为M
46、[解析]同义转述题根据定位句可知,几十年来蜜蜂数量急剧减少,很大程度上是由于一种奇怪的现象蜜蜂突然舍弃它们的蜂房题干中的leave their hives和定位句中的abandon their hives为同义转述,因此答案为C Section C Passage One
47、D[解析]细节辨认题由定位句可知,作者认为智能手机虽然可能让人感觉时刻和外界保持着联系,但是其实是一种隔离自己的方式,故答案为D
48、B[解析]细节辨认题由定位段最后一句可知,这项发表在《医学互联网研究期刊》上的研究同时也发现,平均来看,抑郁人群会比非抑郁人群花费更多的时间在手机上,故答案为Bo
49、A[解析]细节辨认题由定位句可知,人们在使用手机的时候,更容易避免想那些烦恼的事情、痛苦的感受或是难相处的人际关系,故答案为A
50、D[解析]细节辨认题定位句指出,在诊断抑郁症方面,手机比其他-些传统方法更可靠接下来一句指出,在标准化的行业惯例中,病人经常被要求从1到10来表明自己的痛苦程度,以此来描述自己的症状,故答案为D
51、C[解析]推理判断题由定位句可知,智能手机可以不动声色而准确地监测病人的日常行为,提供可以让医疗人员意识到有介入的必要性的数据,也就是说可以让病人得到及时的治疗,故答案为C
52、B[解析]推理判断题由定位句可知,对于美国国会修改专利法,评论家预测追求专利和围绕实验室最新成果建立公司的企图将会影响学术研究的完整性由此推知,评论家担心该法案会对学术有负面影响,故B为正确答案
53、A[解析]推理判断题由定位句及定位段可知,专家小组进行检查,发现《拜杜法案》的法律框架和大学的实际操作并没有严重地削弱不受查询限制的学术规范、言论自由和建立在学术价值基础上的全体教师的提升,即该法案并没有在很大程度上影响到学术标准,故A为正确答案
54、D[解析]细节辨认题由定位句可知,大学应该以公众利益为目标,尽可能广泛地传播科技,即高校的职责应以公众利益为前提,故D为正确答案
55、D[解析]细节辨认题由定位句可知,高校需要放弃最赚钱的注册交易而采用可以更广泛地传播科技用途的一种交易方式由此推知,D为正确答案
56、A【解析]语义理解题由定位句可知,大学不应该以放弃传播新知识技术的主要职责而只顾者_________专利权结合专利与维护公众利益、传播新知识技术的冲突可推断,此处应指“设法获取专利”,故A为正确答案Part IVTranslation
57、From theMing Dynasty,the novelasaliterary formbegan tofully displayits socialfunctions andliterary value.The novelsin theMing andearly Qing Dynasties representthe pinnacleof classicalChinese fictionand constitutea breakthroughof reflectingnew culturalvaluesandintellectual concerns.The mostsuccessful literatureworks ofthis periodare theFour GreatClassical Novels,namely,The Romanceof theThree Kingdoms,The WaterMargin,Pilgrim tothe West,A Dreamof RedMansion.Since theMing andQingDynasties,they havebeen well-known tomost of the Chineseeither directlyor indirectlythrough operaandotherpopular culturalmedia.C.Its about250pounds.D.Its about250dollars.Section B Directions:In thissection,you willhear twolong conversations.At theend ofeach conversation,you willhear fourquestions.Both theconversation and the questionswillbespoken onlyonce.After youhear aquestion,you mustchoose thebest answerfrom thefour choicesmarked A,B,C andD.Then markthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with asingle linethrough thecentre.Questions8to11are basedon theconversation youhave justheard.
9、A.He hasgot thefirst placeinthe test.B.He hasgot highscores inthetest.C.He has been praisedby hisprofessor.D.He haspassed allof thetests.
10、A.A fewweeksbeforethe exam.B.A fewmonths beforethe exam.C.A fewdays beforethe exam.D.A fewhours beforetheexam.11A.Ask hisclassmates.B.Look upsome information.C.Go onlineto checkthem.D.Discuss them with histeachers.
12、A.Classmates.B.Mother andson.C.Teacher andstudent.D.Headmaster andstudent.Questions12to15are basedon theconversation youhave justheard.
13、A.He hasto meetan importantclient.B.He hasto attenda meeting.C.He hasto attenda businessdiscussion.D.He hasto signan importantcontract.
14、A.Help himbuy somemedicine.B.Change thetimeof themeeting.C.Send somedocuments tohim.D.Book a12oclock flight.15%A.He hasgot afever.B.He isallergic todrugs.C.He isallergic tocats.D.He hasgot theflu.
16、A.Make anappointment withthe doctor.B.Go tosee thedoctor directly.C.Find theroot cause of the mans allergy.D.Go tohaveameeting inthemanscompany.SectionCDirections:In thissection,you willhear threepassages.At theend ofeach passage,you willhear threeor fourquestions.Both thepassage andthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.After youhear aquestion,you mustchoose thebest answerfrom thefour choicesmarked A,B,C andD.Then markthe correspondingletter on Answer Sheet1with asingle linethrough thecentre.Questions16to19are basedon thepassage youhavejustheard.
17、A.Indicate ourlifestyles andvalues.B.Improve ourcommunicative skills.C.Cultivate ourvalues.D.Determine ourlifestyles andvalues.
18、A.They caredlittle aboutclothing.C.They werevery consciousof clothing.B.They hadpoor tastein clothing.D.They wereproud ofwomens clothes.
19、A.They caredmore aboutclothing thanwhite-collar workers.B.They weremanipulated bywhite-collar workers.C.They scoffedwhite-collar workersfor theirclothing.D.They conformedtotheacceptedpatternof clothing.
20、A.Dressing patternsof workers.B.Mans attitude towards dress.C.The importanceof clothing.D.The stylesof clothing.Questions20to22are busedon thepassage youhavejustheard.
21、A.Many workersfeel embarrassedwhen talkingabout officegossip.B.More thanhalf of the workers are involved inofficegossip.C.The percentageofworkersinvolvedinofficegossiphas increased.D.Workers werereluctant totalk aboutofficegossipbefore.
22、A.Office gossipmay boostwhen the company expands.B.Workers darenot to gossip whenthe companyis downsizing.C.Office gossipmay relativelydrop whentheeconomyturns better.D.In afinancialcrisis,workersareover pressuredtogossip.
23、A.It isbeneficial tothe workersproductivity.B.It helpsto deliverthe latestnews of thecompany.C.It isan efficientwaytorelax peoplesmind.D.It isa directway forthe bossto knowhis workers.Questions23to25are basedon thepassage youhavejustheard.
24、A.They putthem in a well.B.They putthem inthe ice.C.They putthem in an evaporativecooler.D.They putthem intoboxes.
25、A.Place itatthetop ofthe cooler.B.Place itatthebottomofthecooler.C.Put itsends inthewater.D.Put itoutdoors.
26、A.To storethem inconditionsthatarenotcoldenough.B.To keepthem directlyintostoragecontainers.C.To putthemon thegroundafter cuttingthemwithknife.D.To prepare them atharvesttimewhen theyreinthefield.Part IIIReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:In thissection,there isa passage with tenblanks.You arerequired toselect oneword foreach blankfrom alist ofchoices given in aword bankfollowing thepassage.Read thepassage throughcarefully beforemaking yourchoices.Each choiceinthebank isidentified bya letter.Please markthe correspondingletter foreach itemonAnswer Sheet2with asingle linethrough thecentre.You maynot useany ofthe wordsinthebank morethan once.A newstudy suggeststhat theclose interspeciesbond thatexists betweenhumans and dogs mayextend27000or even40000years back.Thats a27jump from11000to16000years ago,when dogswere28thought tohave splitfrom theirwolf ancestors.Led byHarvard researchfellow PontusSkoglun,the authorsofthestudy29DNA belongingto a35000-year-old Siberianwolf specimen.Their genomicanalysis ledthemto30that thewolf waspartof a populationthat divergedfrom thecommon ancestorof present-day wolvesanddogsvery closein timetothe31ofthedomestic doglineage,accordingto an abstract.That meansdomesticated dogsmayhavebeen hangingout withhumans duringthat sameera,morethan20000yearsago.The32for thisfinding wasthe discoveryoftheancient bone,the abstractnotes:The researchersmade these33basedona smallpiece ofbone pickedup duringan expeditiontotheTaimyr Peninsulain Siberia.Initially,they didntrealize the bone fragmentcame from a wolfat all;this wasonly34usingagenetic testback inthe laboratory.But wolvesare commonon theTaimyr Peninsula,andthebone could have easily35toamodern-day wolf.On ahunch,the researchersdecided toradiocarbon datetheboneanyway.It wasonly thenthat theyrealized whatthey had:a35000-year-old bonefrom an36Taimyr wolf.A.ancient B.appearance C.belonged D.conclude E.determined F.discoveries G.dramatic H.examined I.impetus J.increasingly K.inventions L.preview M.previously N.seldom O.sudden SectionBDirections:In thissection,you aregoingtoread apassagewithten statementsattached toit.Each statementcontains informationgiveninone ofthe paragraphs.Identify theparagraph fromwhich theinformation isderived.You maychoose aparagraph morethan once.Each paragraphis markedwith aletter.Answer thequestions bymarking thecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet
2.Why YouShouldnt FreakOut AboutSwarming Honeybees—and Howto SaveBees FromThose WhoDo A.For manypeople,the late-spring onset of warmweather conjuresup imagesof barbecues,beach tripsand longafternoons spentout inthesun.But ifyoure a beekeeper,the changingseasons mayhave anextra significance:Its thestart of honeybee swarmseason.B.To many,a swarmof honeybees—which cannumber wellabove10000bees andtake theform ofa living,buzzing,basketball-sized clumpof insects一isthestuff ofnightmares.But bothscientists and beekeepers whomanage hivesof honeybeeseither forfun orto sellhoney commerciallyencourage citizensnot tokill orattack thebees ifthey happenupon a swarm.In fact,asthenation continuesto experiencewidespread honeybeedeclines,allowing abeekeeper tocapture theswarm aliveis notonly goodforthebeekeeper一itcan help savestruggling bees,too.C.And thatscritical:Concern overprotecting honeybeeshas neverbeen higher.Honeybees havebeen decliningfor severaldecades,largely thankstoamysterious phenomenonknown ascolony collapsedisorder,which causesbees tosuddenly abandon theirhives.The USDepartment ofAgriculture estimatesthat honeybeepopulations areless thanhalf whatthey wereinthe1940s.D.Most scientistsbelieve thehoneybees plighthasbeencaused byacomplexsetoffactors,including negativeeffects frompesticides,various diseasesand parasites,and habitatdegradation.One ofthemostrecent honeybeestudies foundthat beekeeperslost about40percent oftheir commercialcolonies inthepastyear—a worrisomestatistic becausehoneybees playa crucialrole inpollinating授粉crops.In fact,many expertsare afraidthat theircontinued declinecouldhaveamajorimpactonhumanfoodsupplies.E.Policy-makers aretaking theproblem seriously.Last week,the Obamaadministration releasedits NationalStrategy toPromote theHealth ofHoneybees andOther Pollinators,which aimsto puthoneybees onthe upturnby reviewing and placingrestrictions oncertain pesticidesand restoringland foruse bypollinators.Still,honeybees arenot protectedunder theEndangered SpeciesAct,and there arenofederal laws to prohibitpeople fromkilling them,although state-level regulationsmay vary.This can be unfortunatefor honeybee swarms,which tend to appearmore menacingthan theyactually are.F.Swarming isa particularbehavior thathoneybees exhibitinthelate springor earlysummer asa way of propagating繁殖the species,says AndrewCoteacute,a New York-based beekeeperand founder oftheNewYorkCity Beekeepers Association.When a colony getsbig enough,it splitsin twoandthequeen beeflies off,usually takinga thirdtoahalf ofthe colonywith her,in searchofa new home.Back atthe homebase,anewqueen willtake herplace andcontinue onwiththeold colony.G.While theyrelooking fora suitablenew home,these swarmssometimes makebrief stopoverson treebranches,walls,road signsor otherobjects.Their appearance—a drippingball ofstinging insects—canbemenacing,but neurobiologistandbeeexpert ThomasSeeley sayshoneybees areat theirsafest whenexhibiting swarmingbehavior.H.The realityis thata swarmof beesisnotdefensive,says Seeley,a professor of neurobiologyand behaviorat CornellUniversity,where hespecializes inthe behaviorand sociallife ofhoneybees.Swarming beesare stillen routetoanew home,meaning theyhave nonest andno storesofhoneyto defend,and theytend tobe attheir mostdocile(温顺的).I.Swarms rarelystayinoneplacefor morethan a day orso,says Seeley,so chances arethebees willtake offon theirown ifleft alone.A lotof peoplethink thata clusterofbeesisabunch ofbees buildinga nest,and itsnot,he says.Its justa temporaryassemblage.But somebusinesses orhomeowners mightget antsy(坐立不安的)about havinga hugeblob ofbees hangingaround,particularly ifthere arechildren inthe area.In thesecases,experts encouragecitizens tocall alocal beekeeper;a personwho hasexperience managinghoneybee hives,to comeand safelyremove theswarm,rather thanattempting tospray itwith insecticide or hirean exterminator.J.Beekeeper ToniBurnham,founderofthe D.C.Beekeepers Allianceand presidentoftheMaryland StateBeekeepersAssociation,Inc.,says someexterminators willrefuse to destroy honeybees.But evenin thesecases,some citizensmay takematters into theirownhands byspraying theswarm withinsecticideorother chemicals.K.Seeley saysit would be hardto puta numberonthepopulation-level effectsof destroyinghoneybeeswarms.Idontknow ifits contributingmuch tothe pressureonthepopulation ofhoneybee colonies,but everytime oneis killedit doeshave someeffect forsure,he says.I guessthe mainthing istheres reallyno needtodestroythem.L.And evenswarms thatare leftalone byhumans arehomeless andvulnerable toenvironmental disturbances.Many dontmake ittotheirnext hive,says Burnham.But sheaddsthatallowing beekeepersto collectswarms canhave otherbenefits besidesjust savingthebees.M.Burnham sayscollecting swarmscanhelpbeekeepers bybolstering(改善)the geneticpool ontheir beefarms.A swarmthats found inanurbansetting,where therearent toomany beefarms around,likely came from a feral(野生的)colony—a colonythat isntbeing managedby beekeepersand essentiallylives inthe wild.In orderto survivelong enoughto produceaswarminthefirst place,aferalbee colonymust bepretty hardy,she says.N.Were inadayand agewhere weretrying tofind beesthat knowhow tocope withpestsanddisease,that knowhowtocopewithprofound changesin climate.The genesreally,really matter;Burnham says.When youhaveaswarm,youhavebees ofan unknownbackground.One thingyoudoknow isthat theycamefroma strongcolony,acolonythat hadexisted fora longtime.O.Seeley,the neurobiologist,agrees thatcollecting swarmscanbean advantagefor beekeepers.If yourenotina suburbanarea orsomething likethat,chancesarethat theswarm iscoming outofawild colony,he says.Theyve beentested.Theyve hadtobeliving somewhereontheirown.
37、Beekeepers havelost manyhoneybees,which mayfinally resultinthedecline ofhumanfoodsupplies.
38、Capturing theswarm alivenotonlybenefits beekeepersbut alsothe decreasingbees.
39、According toabeeexpert,swarming beesare actuallysafe inspite oftheir threateningappearance.
40、A newpolicy hasbeen madein orderto savehoneybees bycontrolling theuse ofpesticides.
41、Some individualsmay killhoneybees byusing somechemicals.42Swarms oftenmovetonewplaces,so theremaybesome whowill haveto flyalone whenthey fallbehind thegroup.
43、It isnecessary forpeople tofind beeswhich aregenetically goodat fightingwithpests,disease andthe complexclimate.
44、Even thoughtheyarenot destroyedby people,swarms arestill inpoor conditionbecause ofthe unstableenvironment.
45、A swarmfoundincity areasmay comefromaferal colonywhich iswild andstrong.46^The phenomenonthat beessuddenly leavetheirhivesleads tothe quickdeclineofbees inthe lastfew decades.SectionCDirections:There are2passages inthissection.Each passageis followedby somequestions orunfinished statements.For eachof themtherearefour choicesmarked A,B,C andD.You shoulddecide onthebestchoice andmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasingle linethroughthecentre.PassageOneYou mayknow thefeeling.Its thelate afternoon,and youstill haventleft thehouse.Youve spentthe lastseveral hourson yourphone,scrolling throughyour Facebooknews feed,refreshing Twitterand watchingYouTube videos.A smartphonemight feellike itskeeping youconnected,but itcan alsobeawayofsecluding yourself.Data froma recentstudy conductedby researchersat NorthwesternUniversitys FeinbergSchool ofMedicine foundthat thescenario describedabove—high volumeof phone use anda static(静止的)geographic location—could belinked todepression.The study,published inThe Journalof MedicalInternet Research,also foundthat depressed people,on average,spend moretime onthephonethan non-depressed people.People arelikely,when ontheir phones,to avoidthinking aboutthings thatare troubling,painful feelingsor difficultrelationships,said DavidMohr,one ofthe studyssenior authorsandaprofessorofbehavioral psychologyat Northwestern,inastatement.Its anavoidance behaviorwe seein depression.Mohr alsopointed outthat depressed people tendto withdrawemotionally andavoid goingout——behaviors thatare arguablyfacilitated by the constantentertainment streamavailable onsmartphones.The studysparticipants consistedofamix ofpeople withand withoutprior depression.They completeda questionnairedescribing their symptoms beforeagreeing tohave theirphoneusemonitored fortwo weeks.Using GPS,the researcherstracked theirlocation andthe amount of timethey spentonthephone.They werethen ableto identifywhich participantswere depressedusing theaggregated phonedata,with87percent accuracy.Sohrob Saeb,a researchfellow at Northwestern,said inthe releasethat phonescouldbemore reliablefor diagnosing depression thantraditional methods.In standardindustry practice,patients areoften askedto describe their symptomsby indicatinghow sadtheyareonascale of1to
10.According toSaeb,the releasereported,these responsescanberote andunreliable.In contrast,thestudyfound,a smartphOnecan unobtrusively(不弓I人注目的)and accuratelymeasure apatients dailyactivity,providing datathat couldtrigger ahealth careprovider torecognize theneed foran intervention.47What isthe authorsopinion aboutusingasmartphone A.It isonly atool tocontact people.B.It makespeople feellonely.C.It doesgreat harmto health.D.It keepspeople apartfromothers.
48、What canbe learnedfrom thestudy conductedby researchersatNorthwesternUniversity A.Too muchtime spenton phonesleads todepression.B.Depressed peopletendtospend moretime onphones thanothers.C.Spending moretime onphones canhelp curedepression.D.Non-depressedpeoplespend littletime ontheir phones.
49、According toMohr;why dodepressedpeoplefocus onphones A.They tendto temporarilyforget aboutunhappiness.B.They feelentertained andamused byphones.C.They donot havemany friendsto hangout with.D.They findconfidence andhappiness fromthe phones.
50、What dowe knowabout traditionalmethods fordiagnosingdepressionA.Patients locationis monitoredby GPS.B.Patients describetheirsymptomsin words.C.Patients completea questionnaireto describesymptoms.D.Patients indicatetheir sadnessonascale of1to
10.
51、Patients dailyactivities canbe measuredby smartphonesso that__________.A.they canadjust theirliving habitsifnecessaryB.their familyand friendscan knowthem betterC.they canget timelyhealthcareif neededD.they willdo theirbest underthe monitoringPassage TwoIts been30years sinceCongress revisedUS patent lawstoencourage universitiesto embracethe worldof commerce.Critics predictedthat theintegrity ofacademic researchwouldbecompromised bypatent-grubbing andattempts tobuild companiesaround thelatest laboratoryfindings.But suchfears didnot cometrue,saysanew reportfromtheNational Academiesreleased Monday.The panel—chaired byMark Wrighton,Chancellor ofWashington Universityin St.Louis—examined avast fileof scholarlywork onhow universities have managedintellectual propertyinthewake ofthe1980Bayh-Dole Actand concludedthat thingsare prettymuch hunky-dory(极好的)right now.Or,asthe report says:The Bayh-Dole legalframework andthe practicesof universitieshave notseriously underminedacademic normsof uninhibitedinquiry,open communication,or facultyadvancement basedon scholarlymerit.There islittle evidencethat intellectualproperty considerationsinterfere withother importantavenues oftransferring researchresults todevelopment andcommercial use.At thesame time,however;the Academiespanel warnsuniversities not togooverboard huntingfor patents.While someuniversitieshavemade millionsof dollarsby licensingdiscoveries fromtheir labs,raising moneyshouldnotbethemain goal.Instead,thereportsays,universities shouldaim todisseminate(f专播)technology aswidely aspossible forthe publicgood.This maymean passingup thebest-paying licensingdeal andtaking onethat allowsfor broader use ofthe technology.For mostschools,it adds,the likelihoodof raisingsignificant revenuefrom patentsis small,the probabilityof disappointmentis high,andtherisk ofdistorting andnarrowing theuseofnew knowledgeis great.Its importantnottoget carriedaway withracking uppatents atthe expenseoftheuniversitys primaryobligation todisseminate newknowledge andtechnologies,says panelmember DavidKern,assistant provost教务长for researchat HarvardUniversity.A formerdean ofthe StanfordUniversity MedicalSchool,Kern wasinvolvedinreviewingasetofhigh-minded guidelinesfor universitiesthat werelargely adoptedby thepanel.These NinePoints toConsider inLicensing werepreviously endorsedbytheAssociation ofUniversity TechnologyManagers.
52、What wasthe criticsattitudetowardthe revisedpatentlawsA.They thoughtthe patentlaws maypromote theeconomic development.B.They thoughtthe patentlaws mayexert negativeinfluence onscholarship.C.They thoughtthe patentlaws maygive theuniversities morepower.D.They thoughtthe patentlaws maymake theuniversities moreactive.
53、What isthe resultofthe panels examinationA.The lawsinfluence the academic normsjustalittle.B.The lawsinterfere withtheacademicnorms.C.The lawscut therevenue of universities.D.The lawsprevent theuniversities development.
54、What canwe learnfrom thispassage aboutthe functionofuniversitiesA.Universities shouldfollow thecountries policy.B.Universities shouldchoose theirfaculty bytheir economicabilities.C.Universities shouldbring alarge amountof moneytothecountry.D.Universities shoulddo thingsmainly onthe baseofthepublic interest.
55、According tothepanelssuggestion,what shouldmost universitiesdo A.They shouldtry hardto inventpatents.B.They shoulddevelop thetechnology forthemselves.C.They shouldtaketherisk oflicensing the patents.D.They shouldspread thetechnology forbroaderuse.
56、The phraseracking upLine1,Para.4means_________.A.getting anamountofpatents B.trying hardto rememberthe patentsC.suffering theloss ofthe patentsD.neglecting theprofits ofthepatentsPart IVTranslation Directions:For thispart,you areallowed30minutes totranslate apassage fromChinese intoEnglish.Youshouldwrite youranswer onAnswerSheet
2.
57、从明朝开始,小说作为一种文学形式全面展现出它的社会功能和文学价值明朝和清朝早期的小说代表了中国古典小说的最高峰pinnacle,实现了展示新的文化价值观和知识分子情怀intellectual concerns的新突破这一时期最成功的文学作品是四大名著,即《三国演义》《水浒传》《西游祀》和《红楼梦》从明清时期开始,四大名著就直接或间接地通过戏剧和其他流行文化形式广为中国人所知答案PartIWriting
1、[参考范文]。