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牛津高中英语教学设计Unit2Grammar andusage Step1:General introductionFor reference:
1.If wetalk aboutthe abilitysomeone hasnow,we use the modal verb can.
2.If wetalk aboutthe abilitysomeone hadin thepast,we usuallyuse the modal verbcould.
3.If wewant to talk aboutthe abilitysomeone willhave in the future,we willusetheform of themodal verb will/shall be able to.
4.Modal verbsshould/ought tosometimes have to arcalways used to give advice ortell someonethat he or sheis underobligation to do something.
5.If wewant to express thatit isnecessary forus todo something,modalverbmust isoften used.
6.Model verbsmay/mightf can/could areoften usedto askfor permission.Examples:
1.Now,many ofus canspeak Englishquite well,but afew yearsago,we couldnt.
2.Shall webe able to be admitted thefamous universityfor furtherstudy ina year
3.You should/ought tolearn enoughknowledge toserve thepeople.
4.Every onepresent at the meetingmust lookinto thematter carefuland giveas muchadvice aspossible onhow tosolve theproblem.
5.As astudent,you have to obeythe rulesof theschool.
6.Im sorryI amlate fbrclass.May/Can Icome inStep2:Practice
1.Now look at theblackboard,Id likeyou to explain themeanings of the differentmodal verbsused in this sentence:I mighthnayI could/should/ought to/will/must watchthe TVprogramme tonight.When might is used,it showsthat thespeaker isuncertain whetherheorshe will do something.When mayis used,it showsthat thespeaker iss bitmore certain than whenmightis used.Could ismore certainthan may,but lesscertainthan should andought to.Should andou^ht to are morecertain.When weuse will,we meanwe arequite certainthat wewilldo something.If weuse must,we arealmost certaintodosomething.
2.If youwant tohave a look atyour friend^book,what doyou sayCan I have alookatyour bookWhat doesyour friendsay to you Ofcourse,you canOr sorry/No,you can7So can is also usedto ask fbrpermission,especially ininformal orspoken English.certainty ina suppressedconditional sentencewouldnt e.g.I wouldntagree to that,even ifhe askedme.Step4:Consolidation:I.Relative itemsin recentyears collegeentrance examination:
1.1was reallyanxious aboutyou.You_____home withouta word.A.mustnt leaveB.shouldnt haveleft C.couldnt haveleft D.neednt leave
2.—Is Johncoming bytrain—He shouldbut he____not.He likesdriving hiscar.A.must B.can C.need D.may
3.How__you saythat youreally understandthe wholestory if you havecovered onlypart ofthe articleA.can B.must C.need D.may
4.The interest___be dividedinto fiveparts,according to the agreementmade byboth sides,declared thejudge.A.may B.should C.must D.shall
5.—ril tellMary abouther newjob tomorrow.—You____her lastweek.A.ought totell B.would havetold C.must tellD.should havetold
6.—Excuse me,is thisthe rightway to the SummerPalace—Sorry,I am not sure.But it__be.A.might B.will C.must D.can
7.1___pay Tracya visit,but I amnotsure whetherI willhave timethis Sunday.A.should B.might C.would D.could
8.—I dontmind tellingyou whatI know.-You_____.Im notasking youfbr it.A.mustnt B.may notC.cant D.neednt
9.—Isnt thatAnns husbandover there-No,it___be him.Tm surehe doesntwear glasses.A.cant B.must notC.wont D.may not
10.Children under12years ofage inthat country___be underadult supervisionwhen ina publiclibrary.A.must B.may C.can D.need
11.—Who isthe girlstanding overthere-Well,if you_____know,her nameis Mabel.A.may B.can C.must D.shall
12.You mightjust as well tellthe manufacturerthat malecustomers_________not likethe designofthefurniture.A.must B.shall C.may D.need
13.—Mum,Ive beenstudying Englishsince8oclock.______I goout andplay withTom for a while—No,Tm afraidnot.Besides,its rainingoutside now.A.Cant B.Wouldnt C.May notD.Wont
14.A left-luggage officeis aplace wherebags__________be leftforashort time,especially ata railwaystation.A.should B.can C.must D.will
15.1often seelights inthat emptyhouse.Do youthink I______report itto thepolice A.should B.may C.will D.can
16.I havelost oneof mygloves.I_______it somewhere.A.must dropB.must havedropped C.must bedropping D.must have been dropped
17.He____have completedhis work;otherwise,he wouldntbe enjoyinghimself bythe seaside.A.should B.must C.wouldnt D.cant
18.Tom,you______leave allyour clotheson thefloor likethis!A.wouldnt B.mustnt C.neednt D.may not
19.-1hear youvegot aset ofvaluable Australiancoins._____Ihavealook-Yes,certainly.A.Do B.May C.Shall D.Should
20.My English-Chinese dictionaryhas disappeared.Who____have takenit.A.should B.must C.could D.would II.Translation:
1.我相信当刘翔赢得男子10米跨栏金牌时,所有的亚洲人都一定非常自豪
2.在选择一个合适的野营地点时,我们应当首先考虑是否方便
3.老板做出了承诺,若你下个月工作良好,你就可得到更高的工资
4.没人理解他怎么敢在那种情况下跟总经理那样说话
5.我表弟一定非常努力,才会表演的如此好
6.半夜响起了敲门声,我们都纳闷儿可能会是谁呢Keys:1-5BDADD6-1OAADA A11-15CCABA16-20BABBC
1.Im surepeople allover Asiamust havefelt veryproud whenLiu Xiangwon thegold medalin themens110-metre hurdles.
2.When choosinga suitableplace forcamping,we shouldfirst considerwhether it is convenient.
3.The bossmade apromise thatif youwork wellnext week,you shallget evenhigher wages.
4.No onecould understandhow hedared saythat to the generalmanager inthat case.
5.My cousinmust havemade agreat effortso that he gavesuch agood performance.
6.We allwondered whoit couldbe whenthere wasa knockon thedoor atmidnight.
3.Now readPart Ion page28to findout howmodal verbsare usedto talkabout ability,obligation,certainty andpermission.Pay attentionto thethree arrowsthat illustratethe degreesof obligation,certainty andpermission whenmodal verbsare used.
4.Read part2and usemodal verbsto makerequests,suggestions oroffers,and giveadvice,e.g,:Will/Can youread thesentence oncemore To make arequest.Shall wewatch afilm tonightTomakea suggestionI willhelp youifyouhave anyproblems Tomake anoffer Themanager is not innow.You shouldcome backat threeoclock Togiveadvice
5.Now pleaseread theinstructions for the exerciseon page
29.Then complete the articleindividually andI willcheck theanswers later.Answers:1must2has to3should4must5ought to6should
6.Read Part4on page28and tryyour bestto understandwhy thecontinuous formortheperfect formisusedwith amodalverbin theexample sentences.First Illgive you some examples:John isnthere toattend theparty.He mustbe reviewing his notesfor thebig examtomorrow.The speakerthinks thatJohn isreviewinghisnotes now.Tom knowsnothing aboutthe subject.He can7havebeenatthe lecture yesterday.The speaker is surethat Tomdid not go tothelectureyesterday.The moneyis gone.Who couldhave takenit Thespeaker doesnot knowwho hastaken themoney.Step3:Comparison ofsome pairsof modelverbs comparisonshall,will need,dare mustnt,neednt can,be able to
1.Read Part1on page30and findthe differencesbetween canand be able to.•Be able to ismore formaland lesscommon than can when referring to ability.Be able to can be usedin differenttenses or after othermodal verbs,for example,will/shall be able to,would/should heable to,have/has/had beenableto,must/may I might be ableto.■Be ableto canbe usedafter theinfinitive markerto.•The pastform ofbe ableto iswas/were ableto.Can ismore commonand informalthan beabletowhenreferringtoabilityCan canbe usedtotalkabout apossible futureaction.•The pastform of caniscould.Now pleasemake somesentences with beableto andcan,using differentlenses,oraftermodal verbsor ina to-infinitivc.
2.Read Part2and thencomplete thechart below.Shall WillIn affirmativesexpressing promisesexpressing determinationsor decisionsIn questionsasking aboutwillingness makingoffers orfbr thesecond andthird suggestionsfor thirdperson personMake somesentences usingshall orwill.Lets completethe dialogue in PartB on page31,and thenread thedialogueinpairs to check youranswers.Answers B1Shall2shall3will4will/shall5will/shall6will/shall
3.Read Part3which explainsthe useof mustntand needntand thenmake sentenceswith mustntand neednt.
4.Read Part4which explainswhen touse needor dareas modalverbs
5.Read theinstructions forPart Aonpage31,and thencompletethepassage.Answers A1can2dare3will/may/might/could4mustnt/shouldnt/cant/ought notto5mustnt/shouldn t/cant/ought notto6can7needn,t/shouldn,t/do nothavetoFor referenceModals Wordslike can,will,may,must,and afew othersare calledmodals.Modal auxiliaryverbs helpother verbsexpress ameaning oran idea.Some commonuses ofthe modalsare these:Ability:He canspeak Englishnow.He couldntspeak Englisha yearago.Im notableto come tothe game on Friday.Permission:All passengersmay nowboard.We canboard now.Obligation:You mustfasten yourseat belts,strong rYou shouldpay attention.v■I weakYou outto payattention.」Possibility:It mayrain.How couldI forgetan importthing like that Hecant/must haveknown theresult.Meanings similarto thoseofthemodals can often beconveyed byreal verbforms:He hasto=...must...「is ableto speakEnglish.=・..can..・is allowedto=...may...is supposedto〃e.g.Im not=...should...ability,less usedthancanbeableto ableto come tothe gameon Friday.ability e.g.Can youplay thepiano asking for and giving permission e.g.Mom,can Igo thecinema tonightNo,you cant.You havehomework todo offere.g.Can Ihelp yourequest,instruction e.g.Can youswitch onthe lightfor mecapability e.g.The summersin Englandcanbereally unpredictable.with beto makecriticisms e.g.Susan canbeareal painintheneck attimes.cant abilitye.g.I cantcometothegameonFriday.when youfeel suresomething isnot possibleopposite ofmust e.g.The tennismatch cantbe overyet.Im sureit isnt.possibility oruncertainty canalsousemight e.g.He couldbe theone foryou!request morepolite thancan e.g.Could youswitch onthe lightfor mesuggestion e.g.We couldgo ona picnicthis afternoon.asking forand givingpermissione.g.“Could Iuse yourphonc,,could“Yes,of courseyou canunwillingness e.g.I couldntpossibly leaveTom alonewhile hesinthisstate.with comparativeadjectives toexpress possibility or impossibilitye.g.Icouldbe fitter.e.g.He couldntstudy harder.strong adviceless usedthanshould e.g.Youd betterdo thewashing upnow.had bettere.g.Id betternotgoout tonight,because Ihavetoget upearly tomorrow.toexpressalthough inclauses e.g.I maybe marriedtoyou,but thatdoesnt giveyou theright totreat melike dirt.possibility oruncertainty formale.g.There maybeacure forAIDS withinthe nextten years.askingforandgivingpermission less usual,more formale.g.May Iuse yourphone,,Yes,of courseyou maydescribes theonly thingleft todo,something whichthe mayas well/might asspeakerisnot enthusiasticabout welle.g.Im sobored,I mayaswelldosomehousework.possibilityoruncertainty mighte.g.There mightbeacure forAIDS withinthe nextten years.unreal situatione.g.If Iknew herbetter,Imightinvite hertotheball.when youfeel suresomething istrue oppositeofcan7e.g.The tennismatch mustbe overby now.Im sureitis.necessity,personal feelingsmust e.g.I havenspokento Lizfbr ages.I mustgive hera call.order,strong suggestione.g.You muststop smokingor youllget lungcancer.certainty ordesire mainly British English e.g.I shallgive upchocolate forLent.in formalrules andregulations mainlyBritish Englishshall e.g.Racism orsexism shallnot betolerated inthis building.in questionstoaskfor instructionsand decisions,and to make offersand suggestionsmainlyBritishEnglishe.g.What shallI doWhen shallwe comeand seeyou Shallwe go tothecinema thisevening certaintylessusual,mostly BritishEnglish shantc.g.I shantbe latefbr themeeting.expectation canuse oughttoe.g.If youlike Picasso,you shouldenjoy theexhibition.suggestion,advice,opinion canuse oughtto shouldc.g.You shouldhave moredriving lessonsbefore youtake thetest.when somethingisnotright oras youexpect ite.g.The priceon thiscanofbeans iswrong.It shouldsay$
1.20,not$
2.
20.criticism canuse oughttoc.g.You shouldntshout atyour motherlikethat.uncertainty e.g.Should Iask herout ona dateshould+words ofthinking,tomakean opinionless directe.g.I shouldthink hecould finda morecompatible match,withbeand adjectivesdescribing chance,including odd,strange,typical,natural,interesting,surprised,surprising,funny=odd andWhat acoincidence.e.g.Ifs oddthat heshould askyousomany personalquestions.after incase to emphasise unlikelihoode.g.Im notgoing outtonight incase sheshould callme.If.......shoulde.g.If Janeshould dropby whenIamout,tell hertocomeback later.polite orderor instructione.g.Applications shouldbe sentby3rd January.assumption e.g.Oh,thafll beJohn onthe phone.request canand couldare morecommon e.g.Will yougo tothe shopfor mewill intentionor willingnesse.g.uril takegrans pearlsthen.“You wont!“I will!order e.g.Will youplease shutup insistencee.g.1wont clean my room!,,Yes youwill!”habits andtypical behavioure.g.Sarah willsit andgaze atthe starsall night.criticism e.g.She willdrink toomuch whenshe goesout.emphatically forbidan action,in responsetoawill expressione.g.Ill takegrans pearlsthen.You wont!T will!refusal e.g.T wontcleanmyroom!“Yes youwill!”request canand couldare morecommon e.g.Would yougotothe shopfor mewould like-offer/invitation e.g.Would youlike acup oftea afterbe,followed byadjectives doubtful,unlikely,toemphasisea tentativeaction woulde.g.Its doubtfulthathewould bethere intime ofneed.annoying habit,typical ofa persone.g.She wouldask mefbr money,wouldnt shecertainty ina suppressedconditional sentencee.g.I wouldnever agreetothat,even ifhe askedme。