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情态动词学习目标
1.了解情态动词命题趋势掌握并灵活运用情态动词用法情态动词定义情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语,只能和其他动词原形构成谓语情态动词的具体意义及用法can与could的用法⑴表示能力能,能够会(与beableto同义)⑵表示推测可能,会(常用于否定句与疑问句)Eg:Can/CouldIusevoupen注表示“有时也会”(帝用于肯定句)Eg:Itcanbequitewindythereespeciallyinspring.⑶表示许可(或请求许可)「可以(口语中清代替may)Eg:CanIgoswimmingtodaymumEg:Youcanfirstlendmeonebookthistime.⑷表示惊讶,怀疑,不相信的态度怎么会,怎么能(常用于否定句或疑问句)Eg:Howcanhebesorude注意
①could表请求”时,不是过去式,不表时态,只是语气比can委婉在回答中不可用couldEg:…CouldIhavethetelevisionon—Yesyoucan/may.(Noyoucant.)can与beableto的区别:A:beableto比can时态更多B:表示具体某次能够成功做成某事时,只能用beabletoEg:Thoughhewastiredhewasabletoswimacrosstheriver.may与might的用法⑴表示许可(或请求许可)可以⑵表示推测“可能”(常用于肯定句、否定句)Eg:HemaycometomorrowbutImnotquitesure.⑶表示祝愿Eg Mayyousucceed.
(4)might/mayaswell表示“最好…不妨…注意
①:表示给予允许时,不能用might
②:回答表示不允许时用mustiTt/can,t.Eg:―MightIgonow—Yesyoumay/can.(■•-Noyoumustnt/cant)must的用法⑴表示责任与义务“必须,应该,”⑵表示推测“必定,一定”(常用于肯定句)Eg Thelightisstillonsohemustbeathome.⑶表示一种固执的情感“偏偏”“非得”Eg:Ifyoumustgoatleastwaittilltherainstops.Eg:Themachinemustbreakdownatthisbusyhour注意
①must与haveto的区别:must强调主观上认为“必须”干,haveto强调客观上认为“不得不”:回答must问句时,否定用don9thaveto/needn^不用mustn^C一定不,必须不,不允许,不得)Eg:—MustIcleantheroomatonce—yesyoumust./Noyoudonthaveto./Noyouneednt.:musthavedone的反义麻问句Eg:TheymusthavegoneawayhaventtheyTheymusthavegoneawayjustnowdidnttheyshall与should的用法㈠shall⑴Shall用于第
一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请ZKShallhewaitoutsideorcomein⑵Shall用于第
二、第三人称陈述句中,表示说话人给对方命令、允诺、警告、或威胁Tellhimthatheshallhavethebook.㈡should的用法⑴Should表示劝告、建议、命令,意思为“应该,应当”,其同义词是lightto⑵表示“万一”Eg:Ifitshouldraintomorrowdontexpectme.⑶表示“竟然”Eg:Youcanimaginethatawell-behavedgentlemanshouldbesorudetoalady.⑷表示推测“可能,理应,按理说应该”,使用这个词时,往往表示某个情况是合理的、正常的、符合逻辑的Eg:—Whencan1comeforthephotosIneedthemtomorrowafternoon.—Theyshouldbereadyby12:00⑸表示虚拟shouldhavedone(本该干却未干)shouldnhavedone(本不该干却干了)注意;©should与oughtto的区别出于法令规则行为规则违法责任等客观情况而应该做某事时一般用oughtto若用should则含个人意见强调主观看法Eg:WeoughttogoandseeMarytomorrowbutIdonotthinkwewill.
②在公告须知或条例中出于礼貌常用shouldYoushouldnotrunalongsidetheswimming—poowill与would⑴表示请求、建议等(可以),would比will委婉客气Will/wouldyoupleasedomeafavour⑵表示意志愿望和决心(愿意)Eg:Hewouldnothelpmeyestrday.(愿意)⑶Would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向(常常)Would表过去习惯时比usedto正式,并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义Wewouldsitaroundgrandpaaftersupperlisteningtohisstories.
(4)表将来“将要”Eg:Theywillcomehere.need/dare的用法⑴need“需要”,作情态动词多用在否定句,疑问句或条件句中.Youneednothandinthepaperthisweek.⑵dare“敢”,作情态动词多用在否定或疑问句中Dareyoucatchthelittlecat情态动词的考察要点表猜测对现在或将来事情的猜测:must/should/oughtto/can/should/may/niight+might+do对过去事情的猜测must/can/could/may/might+havedone表虚拟a・与现在或将来事情相反的虚拟could/would/might+dob・与过去事情相反的虚拟(含责备之意)could/would/might/should/oughtto/neednt+havedoneEgl.—Looksomeoneiscoming.Whocanitbe—Itcannotbetheheadmaster.HehasgonetoShanghai.(疑问句、否定句/现在)
2.Hewasnthere.HemusthavebeentoShanghai.(肯定句/过去)Evewaslateforclassagain.Sheshouldhavegotupearlier.(本应该早起)Iamfeelingsick.Ishouldnthaveeatensomuchchocolate.(本不应该吃)…MrSmithdidntcomelastnightdidhe…No.Weneednthavewaitedforhim.Awholenightwaswasted.(本不必等)…Didyoulistentothespeech—Nowecouldhaveattendedit.Butwehadalotoftrafficonourway・(本可以参加)。