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Unit5LearningaboutChina.教学内容Topic3:ThedragonhasbecomeasymboloftheChinesenation.SectionAandB重点、难点单词grandroofimperialcarvetailcorrectelderlorduniquewoodenpromisechessnorthirstyhungrypeasantbattlefieldmemoryfound词组show(sb.)aroundneither...norinmemoryofplayanimportantpartintheyearofthedragonsetupencouragesb.todosth.promisetodosth.either...oras...asinordertodosth.fightagainstalongwith...notonly...butalso...dependon句子
1.InancientChinaemperorsthoughtthemselvesrealdragonsandthesonsofheaven.ItalsoplaysanimportantpartinChinesefestivals.ItissaidthatinancientChinaakingnamedYaosetupawoodencolumn(n.柱,圆柱)outsidehispalace.HeencouragedpeopletocarvetheirsuggestionsonitandYaopromisedtofollowthegoodones.WecangotoeitherBeihaiParkorShichahaiPark.Theyarebothwonderfulplacestovisit.YeahbutIcantplayitaswellasmyfather.InordertobringdowntheQindynasty(n.朝代,王朝)afterthedeathofEmperorQinShihuangthepeasantsfoughtagainstthegovernment.PeopleinventedChinesechessinmemoryofthefamousbattle.中国象棋棋盘上有“楚河汉界”,这是怎么来的呢?“楚河汉界”指的是河南省荥阳市黄河南岸广武山上的鸿沟沟口宽约800米,深达200米,是古代的一处军事要地西汉初年楚汉相争时,汉高祖刘邦和西楚霸王项羽仅在荥阳一带就爆发了“大战七十,小战四十”,因种种原因项羽“乃与汉约,中分天下,割鸿沟以西为汉,以东为楚”,鸿沟便成了楚汉的边界现在鸿沟两边还有当年两军对垒的城址,东边是霸王城,西边是汉王城语法知识并列句连词连接词、词组和句子的词为连词连词是一种虚词,它不能独立作句子成分而只起连接词与词,短语与短语以及句与句的作用连词主要可分为两类并列连词和从属连词并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句如andbutornorzsothereforeyethoweverforhenceaswellasboth...andnotonly...butalsoeither...orneither...nor(and)then等等从属连词是连接主从复合句的.并列连词引导两个并列的句子1)and与or判断改错(错)Theysatdownandtalkaboutsomething.(对)Theysatdownandtalkedaboutsomething.(错)Theystartedtodanceandsang.(对)Theystartedtodanceandsing.(错)Isawtwomensittingbehindandwhisper(耳语)there.(对)1sawtwomensittingbehindandwhisperingthere.解析第一句and连接两个并列的谓语,所以talk应改为talkedo第二句and连接两个并列的动词不定式,第二个不定式往往省略to因此sang应改为sing第三句and连接感官动词saw后面的用作宾补的两个并列分词结构,因此whisper应改为whisperings注意and还可以和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件or也有此用法Makeupyourmindandyoullgetthechance.=Ifyoumakeupyourmindyoullgetthechance.Onemoreeffort努力,andyoullsucceed.=Ifyoumakeonemoreeffortyoullsucceed.both...and两者都Sheplaysboththepianoandtheguitar.notonly...butalsoaswellas不但而且Sheplaysnotonlythepianobutalsotheguitar.注意notonly...butalso连接两个分句时,一个分句因有否定词not而必须倒装Notonlydoeshelikereadingstoriesbutalsohecanevenwritesome.neither...nor意思为“既不……也不……”谓语动词采用就近原则,与nor后的词保持一致Neitheryounorheistoblame.表示选择的并列结构or■意思为“否则”ImustworkhardorIllfailintheexam.either...or意思为“或者……或者……”注意谓语动词采用就近原则EitheryouorIamright.表示转折或对比1but表示转折,while表示对比Somepeoplelovecatswhileothershatethem.典型例题-Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight-IdliketoImtoobusy.A.andB.soC.asD.but答案Dbut与前面形成转折,符合语意而表并列的and结果的so原因的as都不符合句意2not...but...意思为“不是而是not和but后面的用词要遵循一致原则Theywerenotthebonesofananimalbutthebonesofahumanbeing.表原因关系for判断改错错Forheisillheisabsenttoday.对Heisabsenttodayforheisill.for是并列连词,不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首,只能将其放在两个分句中间sothereforeHehurthislegsohecouldntplayinthegame.连词的误用因为连词的种类非常多,有并列连词(连接并列句),有从属连词(引导复合句),而从属连词引导的从句乂可分为三类名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句尤其应注意的是有些连词可引导不止一种从句,具有多重功能,这往往是学习的难点,也是易混点难点回顾as可引导多种从句,如时间状语从句、原因状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句、比较状语从句以及定语从句[误]Whichyoucanseeheisalwaysreadytohelpothers.[正]Asyoucanseeheisalwaysreadytohelpothers.[析]as引导非限制性定语从句,当“正像”讲[误]DolikeItoldyou.[正]DoasItoldyou.[析]like是介词;as是连词,在这里作“按照”讲,引导方式状语从句[误]Hewasreadingthenhewaswalking.[正]Hewasreadingashewaswalking.[析]as强调两个动作同时进行,作“一边……一边……”讲[误]Asheisyoungheknowsalot.[正]Youngasheisheknowsalot.[析]as引导的让步状语从句应用倒装语序,应把表语提前that可引导多种从句,如定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句等[误]Youdontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.[正]Thatyoudontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.[析]that引导主语从句,本身无实际意义,但不能省略[误]Thethiefhandedeverythingwhichhehadstolentothepolice.[正]Thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.[析Everything是不定代词,因此后面的定语从句只能由that引导[误]Iamhappyasyoupassedtheexam.[正]Iamhappythatyoupassedtheexam.[析]that在形容词后面引导原因状语从句,不能用aswhere可引导多种从句,如定语从句、状语从句以及名词性从句[误]Gotofindyourwatch.Itstherewhereyouleftit.[正]Gotofindyourwatch.Itswhereyouleftit.[析]where引导表语从句相当于attheplacewherec[误]Theplacewherethereiswaterthereislife.[正]Wherethereiswaterthereislife.[析]where引导地点状语从句,可以放在主句的前面,也可以放在主句的后面[误]IcantrememberinwhichplaceImethim.[正]IcantrememberwhereImethim.[析]where引导宾语从句,不能用inwhichewhat可引导感叹句、特殊疑问句、名词性从句等[误]Howaninterestingstoryhetoldus![1E]Whataninterestingstoryhetoldus![析]Whataninterestingstory!=Howinterestingastory![误]Icantrememberthethingwhathetoldme.[正]Icantrememberwhathetoldme.[析]what引导宾语从句相当于thethingthatonomatter+what/who...与whatever/whoever...的区别前者只能引导让步状语从句,而后者既可引导让步状语从句,也可引导名词性从句[误]Iwillmakefriendswithnomatterwhosharesmyinterest.[正]Iwillmakefriendswithwhoeversharesmyinterest.[析]引导名词性从句时只能用whoever[误]Youmusthandinnomatterwhatyouvefound.[正]Youmusthandinwhateveryouvefound.[析]引导名词性从句时只能用whateverwhether和if的区别两者引导名词性从句时都是从属连词,作“是否”讲,本身不作成分,此时句子中往往出现表示“不肯定”意义的一些短语,如notsure/certainnotknown/decided...isstillquestiondependon等whether和if引导动词后的宾语从句时可互换,但下列情况一般只能用whether:1引导介词后的宾语从句;2引导主语从句;3引导表语从句;4引导同位语从句;5后面出现ornote[误]Ifyoucanpasstheexamdependsonhowhardyouwork.[正]Whetheryoucanpasstheexamdependsonhowhardyouwork.[析]引导主语从句只能用whetherwhilewhenas引导时间状语从句时的区别while只能表示“在一段时间或过程中,即只能表示时间的“一段”,后面一般用进行时或表示状态的结构;when可以表示一段时间,也可表示时间的“一点”;as引导时间状语从句时,表示两个动作同时进行,作“一边……一边……”讲[误]IpickedupsomeFrenchwordsasIwashavingaholidayinParis.[正]IpickedupsomeFrenchwordswhileIwashavingaholidayinParis.[析]while强调在......过程中;as说明两个动作同时进行[误]Wewerehavingclasseswhilesomeoneknockedatthedoor.[正]Wewerehavingclasseswhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.[析]when可表示时间的“一点”,而while不能becauseassincenowthat引导原因状语从句时的区别because引导原因状语从句时,表示直接的原因,可以忡1答why的提问;as只能是一种“附加的”理由,不能回答why的提问;sincenowthat多表示双方都己很清楚的事实,作“既然”讲[误]Becausewevefinishedmostoftheworkletshavearest.[正]SincefNowthatwevefinishedmostoftheworkletshavearest.[析]表示大家都清楚的理由用sincenowthatohowever和as引导让步状语从句时的区别however引导让步状语从句时,相当于nomatterhow后面跟形容词或副词;as引导让步状语从句时,用倒装语序,即把作状语的副词或作表语的形容词或名词提前,而且如果作表语的是单数名词,前面不加冠词,也可以把谓语动词部分的实义动词提前[误]Ashardheworkshecantcatchupwithhisclassmates.[1E]Howeverhardheworkshecantcatchupwithhisclassmates.[析]见上述说明[误]Amodelworkerheisheremainsmodest谨慎的,谦虚的.[正]Modelworkerasheisheremainsmodest.[析]as引导让步状语从句,前面的单数名词前不加冠词典例调研[例1]Youmustputthingsthereyoucanfindthem.there^where此处应由where引导地点状语从句[例2]Irememberthetimeasmygrandmotherwastellingstoriestome.asTwhenwhen引导名同性从句,表示“的时候”[彳列3]Achildashewashelookedquitecalminthatdifficultsituation.去掉Achild的首字母大写as引导让步状语从句时,前面作表语的单数名词前不加冠词[例]4]Dontmakefriendswithsuchpeoplethatyouthinkaredishonest.thatTassuch...as...搭配在一起用,as引导定语从句[f列5]HehadbeenadmittedbyBeijingUniversitymadeusveryhappy.句首加That把He改为hethat引导名词性从句,本身无实际意义,也不作成分,但不能省略两个并列连词不能连用,但thereforethenyet.uj以和并列连词连用YoucanwatchTVandoryoucangotobed.Hehurthislegandso/andthereforehecouldntplayinthegame.although...yet...但although不与but连用(f昔)Althoughhewasweakbuthetriedhisbesttodothework..(对)Althoughhewasweakyethetriedhisbesttodothework.指导•借鉴对这些有着多重作用的引导词,大家应通过类比找出它们的异同点,深刻体会它们在不同从句中的作用,然后灵活运用强化闯关Anyoneleavestheroomlastshouldremembertolockthedoor.Heiswillingtohelpnomatterwhoisintrouble.Whobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.Theplacehehasgoneisnotknownyet.
5.1willbuythedictionaryasitisexpensive.Hesaidthathewoulddoallwhathecouldtohelpus.Thethingwhathehaddonesurprisedeverybody.Aseverybodyishereletsbeginourdiscussion.Wewillfinishtheworkontimehoweverdifficultieswemeet.答案及解析Anyone-Whoever或Anyonewhowhoever可以直接用来引导名词性从句,相当于anyonewhonomatterwho—whoever引导宾语从句应用whoeverWho3Whoeverowho和whoever都可引导名词性从句,但whoever泛指任何人,具有强调语气,who往往指一定的对象Theplace—Wherewhere可以直接用来引导主语从句as~although此处让步状语从句是正常语序,因此应用although.whatTthat或去掉whatwhat不能引导定语从句去Thething把what的首字母大写what可以直接引导主语从句AsTSincesince引导原因状语从句,表示大家都清楚的原因however^whateverhowever引导让步状语从句时相当于nomatterhow后面跟形容词或副词;whatever引导让步状语从句时,相当于nomatterwhat后面跟名词比较so和such其规律由so与such的不同词性决定such是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,s是副词只能修饰形容词或副词SO还可与表示数量的形容词manyfewmuchlittle连用,形成固定搭配so+adj.=such+an+n.so+adj.+an+n.=such+an+adj.+n.so+adj.+n.pl.=such+adj.+n.pl.so+adj.+n.[不可数]=such+adj.+n.[不可数]sofoolish=suchafoolsoniceaflower=suchaniceflowersomany/fewflowers=suchniceflowerssomuch/littlemoneysuchrapidprogresssomanypeople=suchalotofpeoplesomany己成固定搭配,alotof虽相当于many但alotof为名词性的,只能用such搭配so...that与such...that之间的转换即为so与such之间的转换【典型例题】—Howdoyoulikethefilm-TomIlikeit.Itsnotinterestingatall.A.Neither;notB.Either;orC.Both;andD.Notonly;butalsoWhatbeautiful!Ilikered.Itmakesmefeelhappy.A.roofsB.roovesC.leafsD.shelfsTherewasonceadetectiveSherlockHolmes.从前有一位侦探名叫舍洛克福尔摩A.nameB.namesKeys:
1.A
2.A
3.C。