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形容词与副词一.形容词
1.修饰名词,描述其性质、品质、特征等的词一般的”的词都是形容词如She isa beautifulgirl.(漂亮的)
2.在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语如I havean interestingbook,(interesting有趣的,修饰book,在句中作定语)We arehappy today,(happy快乐的,在句中作表语)Students shouldkeep theirclassroom cleanand tidy.(clean干净的,tidy整洁的,在句中都作宾语补足语)
3.多个形容词同时修饰一个名词时的排列顺序限定词+外观类+形状+年龄+颜色+国籍+材料+名词(简记县官行令色国才)如a tall17-year-old blackAmerican boy.一个17岁的高个子黑皮肤美国男孩the biground redwooden table.乂大乂圆的红色木质饭桌二.副词
1.通常修饰动词,表示动作的程度、方式等还可修饰形容词、副词,有时修饰整个句子,在句中作状语一般地”的词都是副词如You mustlisten tothe teachercarefully』仔细地,认真地)
2.副词的分类1)时间副词now,today等2)频度副词always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never2)地点副词here,there,upstairs,downstairs等3)方式副词carefully,fast,well,politely等4)程度副词much,little,quite等5)疑问副词how,when,where,why等三.形容词转化成副词
1.一般在形容词后加ly,如quick-quickly
2.以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词,变y为i,加ly,如happy-happily
3.以ue结尾的形容词,去e加ly,如true-truly注有些词兼有形容词和副词的词性,如fast,hard,high,late,far等,它们的词性只有通过具体语境来判断另外,有些以ly结尾的词不是副词,而是形容词,如:friendly,lovely lonely,lively等四.形容词和副词的比较级、最高级构成
1.比较级两者之间进行比较时形容词和副词的变化形式,如tall-taller,well-better
2.最高级三者或三者以上进行比较时形容词和副词的变化形式,如long-longest
3.比较级和最高级的变化规则规则变化(单音节和少数双音节)a.在词尾直接加-er/est,如Ishort-shorter-shortest b.词尾是e,只加如nice-nicer-nicest c.以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i再加-er/est,如happy-happier-happiest d.重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写该辅音字母,再加-er/est,如:big-bigger-biggest e.其他双音节词和多音节词,其前加more/most,如more/most delicious不规则变化如下表(简记为好、坏、多、少、远)词义原级比较级最高级好good/well betterbest坏bad/badly/ill worseworst多many/much moremost少little lessleast远far farther/further farthest/furthest五.形容词、副词的比较级和最高级用法
1.原级的用法用于两者之间对比,意思为“..・・.・和.....・相同”相当于the sameas...肯定句A+动词.+as+形容词/副词原级+as BTom is as honestas Jack.Jack runsas fast as Peter.否定句A+动词.+not as/so.+形容词/副词原级+as BThis treeis not as/so tall as thatone.
2.比较级的用法1)A+动词+形容词/副词比较级+than+B Susanis happierthan Jane.Lily runfaster thanMary注形容词/副词比较级前还可以用much,even,still,a little,far,a lot,a bit来修饰2)数字(倍数)+形容词/副词比较级+than Imtwo yearsolder thanyou.Our classroomis twicebigger than yours.3)比较级+and+比较级,表示“越来越..The earthis gettingwarmer andwarmer.4)the+比较级,the+比较级,表示“越……,就越……”The more,the better.越多越好(多多益善)
3.最高级用法用于三者及以上的人或事物的比较,最高级前加the,最高级前有物主代词,序数词和名词所有格时,不加定冠词,后面跟带in或of表范围的短语1)one ofthe+最高级Shanghai isone ofthe mostbeautiful citiesin China.2)比较级句型表达最高级意义A+动词+比较级+than+any other+B(单数)如:The ChangjiangRiver islonger thanany otherriver inChina.A+动词+比较级+than+the other+B(复数)如The ChangjiangRiver islonger thanthe otherrivers inChina.以上两句意思相当于The ChangjiangRiver isthe longestriver inChina.随堂演练(满分100分)
一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级、最高级(23*1分=23分)old youngtall long___big short______strong______small____fat_____—thin__________heavy—light___________nice_______good________beautiful.----------------------low_______high_________slow_fast___late_______early________far___well.___
二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式23*1分=23分
1.My brotheris twoyears__________oldthan me.
2.Tom isas_______fat asJim.
3.Is yoursister__________young thanyou Yes,she is.
4.Who is___________thin,you orHelen Helenis.
5.Whose pencil-box is__________big,yours orhers Hersis.
6.Marys hairisas__________long asLucys.
7.Ben_____jump_________high thansome ofthe boysin hisclass.
8.______Nancy sing___________well thanHelen Yes,she______.
9.Fangfang isnotas________tallasthe othergirls.
10.My eyesare_________big than________she..
11.Which is__________heavy,the elephantor thepig
12.Who getsup________early,Tim orTom
13.___the girlsget up______early thanthe boysNo,they______.
14.Jim runs____slow.But Benruns_____slow.
15.The childdoesnt_____write as___fastasthe students.
三、小小翻译家62*
0.5分=31分[、谁t匕Jim年仑己大?是你o____is_________than Jim_________are.
2、_________________________________________谁比David更强壮?是Gao Shan.than DavidGao Shan_________.
3、谁的铅笔更长,他的还是她的?我想是她的________pencil is_________,_____or_______________is,I think.
4、谁的苹果更重,你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的?我的弟弟的________apples_________________,your______or your________My5^你和你的叔叔一样高吗?是的_____________________as_________as youruncleYesJ am.
6.他和他的朋友Jim一样年轻He________as___________as_______________Jim.
7.她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗?不,她比他瘦________________as_________as_______twin_______No,____________than him.
8.Yang Ling每天睡得L匕SuYang晚Yang Ling_____to________________than SuYang everyday.
9.我跳得和Mike一样远I asas Mike.
10.Tom比你跑得快吗?不是的,他和我跑得一样快___Tom___________than youNo,he_______.He____as______as_____.
11.多做运动,你会更强壮___________more exercise,you911_________________soon.
12.我的科学很好,但是语文不好I atScience.But Idon、________well inChinese.
13.你放风筝比王兵放得高吗?不,我比他放得低___you______the kite____than WangbingNo,I_____it_____than___.
14._______________________________________________我喜欢游泳我所有的朋友都游得比我慢Hike______________________________________.All my_____________________than me.
15.我的姐姐起得比我早__My叩than me.
16.女孩比男孩唱得好吗?是的_______the girls____________________the boysYes,they___.
17.她不擅长体育但我跳得没有她高She doesnt____________in PE.But Idont_____________than____.
18.你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗?不,他们踢得和我一样好__you____football_____thanyourclassmatesNo,they____as___as me.。