Manometertypesandworkingprinciple（压力表类型和工作原理）

Manometer typesand working principle ByMark Bensonon10th January2019The mostbasic manometersmeasure gas/liquid pressureagainst atmospheric pressure Manometerscome ina varietyof shapesand sizesand whilethe principlefor measuring pressure differentialis the same thedegree of accuracy canbe enhancedAs thereare no moving parts,manometers requireno maintenance and theyare extremelyaccurate Exampleof an inclined manometerthats availableto buysource:Kimo CanadaWhat doesa manometermeasure A manometer gaugeis anextremely basicbut veryeffective devicewhich is used to measure pressure.In themajority ofcases this will relateto agauge whichconsists of a U-shaped glass tube whichis filled with mercuryor someother liquid.Traditionally one end of the manometertube isleft open,susceptible to atmospheric pressure,while a manometer hoseis connectedvia agas tightseal to an additional pressure source.While normallyassociated withgas pressuresa manometergauge canalso beused to measure the pressure exertedby liquids.As themanometer pressure gauge hasno mechanicalparts itrequires minimalmaintenance andis extremelyaccurate.What is the working principle ofa manometer The principlebehind a manometer gasor liquidpressuregaugeis extremelysimple.Hydrostatic equilibriumshows that the pressurewhen aliquid isat restis equalat anypoint.For example,if both ends of the U-tube areleft opento theatmosphere thenthe pressure on eachside will be equal.As aconsequence thelevel of the liquid on the left-hand side will bethe sameas thelevel of the liquidon theright-hand side-equilibrium.However,if oneend of the U-tube isleft opento theatmosphere and the otherconnected toan additional gas/liquid supplythis willcreate different pressures.U-tube manometerworking principleU-tube manometerworking principleIf the pressure from the additionalgas/liquid supplyis greater than theatmospheric pressurethiswillexert adownward pressureon themeasuring liquid.As aconsequence,the liquidwillbepushed downon one side withthe greaterpressure causingthe liquidto rise on the side withthe lesser pressure.The oppositewould occurif the additionalgas/liquid supplycreates alesserpressurethan theatmospheric pressure.In thisinstance theliquid wouldfall on the side oftheopen sectionofthe U-tube andriseon thesideconnected to theadditionalgas/liquid supply.Perhaps theeasiest wayto explainthis isthe movementofaplayground see-saw.If bothparties arethe sameweight andexerting noadditionalpressureon thesee-saw itwill balanceperfectly.However;if theweight orthe pressureexerted ononeend ofthesee-saw isgreaterthanthe other;the heavierside willlower and the lightersidewillrise.What arethe typesof manometersThere aremany variantsonthemarket.However wewill focusonthefive basictypes whichare:U-Tube manometerClick toenlarge U-Tube manometerThe traditionalU-Tube deviceisthemost commonwith oneendofthe partiallyliquid filledtube opento theatmosphere andthe otherconnected toan outside source.By measuringthe differentheights ofliquidontheleftandtheright handsideofthe U-tube it is possibleto calculatethe pressurefromtheoutsidesourcein relationtoatmosphericpressure.Differential U-tube manometerClick toenlarge DifferentialU-tube manometerA differentialU-tube isclosed and bothendsare filledwith differentliquid/gas atdifferentpressures.This tendsto beused wherethepressureneeds tobe measureddirectly,not basedon anoutside pressure.Inverted U-tube manometerClick toenlarge InvertedU-tube manometerThe invertedU-tube design isused tomeasurelow-pressure betweentwo separatepoints toa relativelyhigh levelof accuracy.Liquid isintroduced tothe U-tube ateither endwith avolume ofair separatingthe differentliquids.The useofatap allowsair tobe expelledfrom oradmitted intothe invertedU-tube device.Thereby adjustingthepressuredifference andgiving anaccurate readingMicro manometerClick toenlarge MicromanometerThemicro-designisa modifiedversion ofthe basicU-tube exceptone sideofthetube hasa largercross-section.The manometerdefinition ofmeasuringpressureis stillthesamebut duetothestructure oftheU-tube itis abletomeasureminute pressuredifferences.Inclined manometerClick toenlarge Inclinedmanometer Asthe namesuggests,aninclinedmanometer involvesa gradualincline inthe design.This allowsfor themeasurement ofminuscule pressureto extremelyhigh levelsof accuracy.It isused wherethe manometricproperties ofliquids aresimilar.Again,itisthe simplicity,lack ofmaintenanceandnomovingparts makeit extremelyefficient andeasy touse.What isdifference betweenamanometerand abarometer Whilethese twodevices areusedtomeasure airpressure thereare subtledifferences.If welook atthe originalmercury barometersthey weresimply aglasstubefilledwiththe mercuryand part-vacuum.The heightofthemercury columnwould riseand fallin tandemwith differingatmosphericpressure.This wascalibrated againsta scaleallowing themeasurement ofactual atmosphericpressure.The mainpoint beingthatthetube wasone columnandbothends wereclosed.manometer vsbarometer Aliquid manometerin comparisontoamercury barometer;showing thedifference inworkingprincipleAmanometerallows themeasurement ofadditional liquid/gas sourcesagainst atmosphericpressure oragainst otherliquid/gas sources.There arevarious typeswhich allowyou toadjust thepressureononesideto givea moreaccurate reading.It isalso theoption tohave closed/open endsandtheU-tube designwhich differentiatesthese twopressure measurementdevices.Even thoughgreat strideshave beenmade intechnology,the basicdesign andstructure ofamanometerhas remainedintact.No movingparts,no maintenanceand extremelyaccurate readings-what morecould youask forRelated PostsDurometer DurometerHardness TestingExplained dynamometerDynamometer-types,workingprincipleand powermeasurement basicsPhotogrammetry inmechanical engineeringPhotogrammetry inmechanical engineeringLeave aReply Youmust belogged into posta comment.Latest PopularMechanical DesignEngineer-Looking...posted10th February2019in Mechanicaldesign JOBSShould 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