人教版中考英语复习-非谓语动词之不定式讲解和练习

9B语法知识拓展2非谓语动词之动词不定式I.动词不定式基本概述•具有名词、形容词和副词的特征:可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语•动词不定式的形式to do（主动H—般现在时）to bedone（被动H—般现在时）to bedoing（主动+进行）强调两个动作同时发生to havedone（主动+完成）to have been done（被动+完成）•注意I.表示否定时，否定词放在整个动词不定式之前，即never to do…

2.有些情况下，动词不定式的“to”必须省略类别例句句中功能Learning/To learnEnglish takesa lotof work.主语It takesa lotof workto learnEnglish.动名词和不定式在一些情况下可替换动名词强调泛指，不定式强调特指The importantthing is to savelives trappedin themine.表语He pretendedio bedoing hishomework whenhis mothercame in.宾语The nexttrain toarrive wasfrom NewYork.主谓关系定语不定He gavethe order to startthe attack.同位关系式She isglad toplay withthe child.原因状语He cuppedhis carto hear/in orderto hear/so as to hearbetter.目的In1980he lefthis hometownnever to return.结果Scientists adviseus to have abalanced diet.补语We sawhim enter the hall.主动宾补He was seen to enterthehall被动主补To beginwith,I donot likeits color.独立结构II.动词不定式具体用法

1.作主语To improvethe trafficin Shanghaiis amust.must n.必须要做的事[c]How to solve theproblem will be discussedat the meeting.句型〃is+〃./adj.+for/o fsb.to do sth.It is an pleasure/pity/honor to do sth.It isimportant/possible/necessary/convenient/inevitable/urgent+for sb.to do sth.It iskind/gcncrous/couragcous/brave/right/wrong/wise/sensible/foolish+of sb.to do sth.1isapity forthe companyto havelost sucha rareopportunity topromote hesales.Is itconvenient foryou tocommute to the workplacewhen youlive in the suburbIt iscourageous ofa younggirl to take onthe burdenof feedingthe wholefamily.

2.作宾语动宾1）下列动词加to do做宾语:afford/agree/refuse/intend/attempt/choose/decide/de（ermine/demand/fail/lend/offer/plan/pretend/ihreaten/manage/expect/remain etc.He threatenedto exposethe secretto thepublic.In summerholiday,many studentschoose to stay at home,watching TVor playingvideo games.2）在下列及物动词后一般可跟“疑问词+动词不定式“advise,ask.decide,find out,instruct,know,forget,imagine,learn,observe,remember,tell,think,understand,wonder,etc.I dont know what to do.The childrenare learninghow toplay thegame.3）句型consider/find/think/make it+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.Ive madeit arule to make thebest useof everyminute.Television makesit possibleto getnon-stop entertainmentathome.4）不定式作宾语时，可以用t或者tbe代替整个短语，起到省略作用—PH beaway onbusiness.Would youmind lookingafter mycat—I willbe gladto.-Are youkeen onpop culture-Not really.But Iused to be.介宾介词but,except后可跟不定式作宾语，有时必须省Seeing theroom crowded,I had no choice/no alternativebut tostand in the back.I coulddo nothingbut standin theback.can7but do sth./can7choose but do sth./can7help but do不得不做...I couldirtchoose butadmire hisability toforesee whatis likelyto happen.

3.作表语1）在be动词后面，表示尚未做的事情My mission/hope/aim/proposal/intention isto dosth.All Idid was to givehim a little push.The highwayleading to the neighboringprovince isto beopened totraffic soon.2）系动词appear/seem/prove/turn outto do...The experimentturned outto hea failure.

4.作定语1）用尚未发生的动作对名词进行修饰与限定We willdiscuss theproject atthemeetingto heheld thisafternoon.The tunnelto beopened nextmonth willgreatly easethe congestionin peakhours.2）如果所修饰的名词中含有序数词，用动词不定式作定语Madam Curiewas thefirst womanto teachin universityin Europe.3）表示存在…事情要做have sth to do;there besthto do Everyonehas arole toplay insociety.The doctorwill havea patientto operateon tomorrow.There are5pairs ofpants foryou tochoose from.4）修饰名词，表示其功能、作用water todrink饮用水,,a manto sendthe letter送信人We needa bigroom tostore thesebooks in.=We needa bigroom inwhich tostore books.He isa nicecompanion totravel with.He isa nicecompanion withwhom totravel.He isshort ofevidence tobase hisconclusion on.He isshort ofevidence onwhich tobase hisconclusion.5）动词、名词同源关系；如果同源动词加不定式作宾语，那么它的同源名词形式也加不定式作定语ones promise/plan/refusal/ability/ambition/attempt/decision/eagerness/failure/offer/readiness/will ingness.to dosth Ihave madea promiseto lendhim themoney and I cantbreak it.His abilityto detectcrucial clueswas impressive.

5.作状语动词不定式作目的、结果及原因状语动词不定式作状语时，其想杀语必须与句主语保持一致目的状语:to do./in orderto do./so as to do.He setsaside somemoney everymonth inordertohelp theelderly.In ordernot tomiss thedue,he hadtostayup lateto writethe termpaper.注意:so asio do...不放句首结果状语too…to do;enough to do...;so/such…as to do;心lo do.…e〉lo d…,再也没…He istoo carelessto noticethat spellingmistake.Would youso kindasto tell methe wayto the post officeHe hurriedthere,only to be toldthe trainhad gone

6.作补语l）challenge/cause/persuade/advise/fbrce/order/lead/encourage/consider/allow/perrnit forbid+sb/sth+to do注意:

1.hope,demand无此用法

2.与advise doing/permil doing/allow doing/forbid doing/consider doing的区别Greed formoney ledhim togo astray.The terroristattack causedhundreds ofinnocent studentsto losetheir lives.2arrange for/wait for/rely on/depend on/count on/call on/appeal tosb.to dosth.Dont worry!I willarrange fora dentistto haveyour teethexamined rightnow.We dependon avariety ofnatural forces,such assolar energy,to survive.3be said/believed/reported/announced/thought/found/expected...+todo=It issaid/believed/reported/announced/thought/found/expected...that+句子This infectiousdisease issaid to havebeenwiped outmany yearsago.=It issaid thatthis infectiousdisease waswiped outmany yearsago.4感官类动词see/watch/observe/notice/witness/hear/listen to...+宾语+省略“to”的不定式，表示主动和动作全过程The studentsobserved thechemistry teacherconduct theexperiment.5make/have/let+宾语+省略“to”的不定式，表示让某人、某物做某事，主动You canlead ahorse to the water,but cantmake itdrink.注意；第4,5两种情况中，一旦谓语动词是被动，省略“2”的不定式要还原He wasmade toapologize inpublic,though heshouldnt betaken responsible.He卬asseentoenterthe building.

7.独立主格结构独立主格结构的效果相当于状语但是逻辑主语与句子主语可以不一致1固定短语to besure/to befrank/to tellthe truth/to beprecise Ito beexact/to befair/to beginwith/to startwith tostun up/to beshort/toreturntothetopic/to makethe mattersworse Heoverslept thatmorning,to makethe mattersworse,the subwayhe tookwas outof orderand wasclosed.To tellthe truth,the productdoesnt fiinctionas wellas it is advertised.2wilh+宾语+todo有….要做尚未发生With thetough problemto dealwith,I wasunder greatpressure.

8.要点补充1动词不定式在下列情况省略“t”•help sb.todosth・why notdosth•cant butdo.../cant choosebutdo.../cant helpbutdo...•介词but,except后面加宾语时，前面有do,后面无to•make/have/let sb./sth do•感官动词+sb./sth.+dosth.•would ratherdosth.•rather（han dosth.•rather thanso sth.•had hellerdosth/Better dosth.•It isbetter todosth.动词不定式的时态与语态动河不定式的时态其实是与谓语动词做时间上的比较•动词不定式的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作是同时发生或将在其后发生的They arelearning tosing anddance.•动不定式的进行式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生，而且正在进行中The weatherseems to be improving.•动词不定式的完定成式表示的动作发生在谓语的动作之前He pretendednot to have seenme whenpassing byyesterday.•动词不定式的被动式I feltalittlebit puzzledto beasked sucha question.I wishto beexcused.This bookis intendedto beread butnot tohe storedaway.3）不用被动的情况•sb.be toblame for...某人应该为某事而负责二blame sb.for Speakingof thespoiled child,her fatheristoblame.•当作表海的某刍形容词改动词不定式媛的脑动词不定式与句子主语之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系，动词不定式可以用主动式代替被动式fine,hard heavy,important,nice,painful,pleasant,possible,safe,simple,strange,difficult,easy.expensive,dangerous,convenient...This problemis difficulttosolve.That bookis easyto read.动词不定式练习

1.Helen hadto shoutabove thesound orthe music.A.making herself hear B.to makeherselfhearC.making herselfD.tomakeherself heard

2.You weresilly notyour car.A.to lockB.to havelocked C.locking D.having locked

3.My advisorencouraged asummer courseto improvemy writingskills.A.for me taking B.metakingC.for me totakeD.metotake

4.I dontknow whetheryou happenthat Imgoing to study inthe USAthis September.A.to beheard B.to behearing C.to hearD.to haveheard

5.The newsreporters hurriedtotheairport,only thefilm starshad left.A.totellB.to betold C.telling D.told

6.If youare planningto spendyour moneyhaving funthis week,better it—youve gotsome bigbills coming.A.forget B.forgot C.forgetting D.to forget

7.The fluis believedby virusesthat liketo reproduceinthecells insidethe humannose andthroat.A.cause B.being causedC.to becaused D.tohave

8.Robert issaid,but1don,tknow what countryhe studiedin.A.tohavestudied B.tostudyC.to bestudying D.tohavebeen studying

9.Ive workedwith childbefore,so Iknowwhatin mynew job.A.expected B.to expectC.to beexpecting D.expect

10.Having atrip abroadis certainlygood forthe oldcouple,but itremains whetherthey willenjoy it.A.to seeB.tobeseen C.seeing D.seen

11.It issaid thatin Australiathere ismore landthan thegovernment knows.A.it what todo with B.whattodo itwith C.whattodowithit D.todowhat withit

12.A cookwillbeimmediately firedif heis foundinthekitchen.A.smoke B.smoking C.to smokeD.smoked

13.With theplans shehas considered,she willhave notime toenjoy herChristmas holiday.A.carrying outB.to carry out C.carried outD.carryout

14.That wasso seriousa matterthat Ihadnochoice butthe police.A.called inB.calling inC.to call in D.callin

15.David threatenedhis neighbortothepolice ifthe damageswere notpaid.A.tobereported B.reporting C.to reportD.having reported

16.as acandidate forthepostof schoolprincipal,one musthave atleast fiveyears ofteaching experience.A.Considered B.To beconsidered C.Considering D.Having considered

17.It isthe greatesthappiness onearth___________A.loving and tobe loved B.to love and beingloved C.to loveandtobe lovedD.loveandbeloved

18.Now wecould notdo anythingbut__________for himhere.A.waited B.waiting C.to waitD.wait

19.I dontknow herandI dont__________.A.want B.want toC.want itD.to want

20.一Why wasthe officialmeeting held一________new officers.A.Select B.Selecting C.To selectD.For selecting

21.To learnto speakEnglish well,_________.A.much practiceis neededB.one needsmuch practiceC.much practiceis neededby oneD.one isneeded muchpractice

22.Tom keptquiet aboutaccident_________lose hisjob.A.so notastoB.so asnot toC.so asco notD.not soasto

23.Sorry,Idonthave thekey__________.A.to open the doorB.which to openthe door withC.for openingthe doorD.with whichtoopenthedoor

24.With allthe repairsand construction___________in fiveyears,Pudong MainRoad willbe ableto handlemuch moretraffic thanitisnow.A.to completeB.completed C.complete D.completing1-5DBDDB6-9ACAB10-15BCBBCC16-20BCDBC21-24BBDA。