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大学英语四级作文加分句型l.It作先行主语和先行宾语的一些句型She hadsaid whatit was necessary tosay.
2.强调句型It is not whorules usthat isimportant,but howhe rulesus.3”AH+抽象名词”或“抽象名词+itselfvery+形容词He was all gentlenessto her.
4.利用词汇重复表示强调A crimeis acrime acrime.
5.,somethingmuchof,^n,nothinglittleof,something0f H相当于,,to someextent,,,表示程度在疑问句或条件从句中,则为“anything of,,可译为“有点“,”略微等,译为毫无“,“全无“much oF译为“大有”,“not muchoF可译为“算不上“,“称不上,“little oF可译为“几乎无“something like译为”有点像,略似”They saythat hehad nouniversity education,but heseems to be somethingof ascholar.
6.同格名词修饰是指f前后的两个名词都指同一个人或物,”「以及它前面的名词构一个形容词短语,以修饰of后面的那个名词如her oldsharper ofa father1,可译为”她那骗子般的父亲”Those pigsof girlseat so much.
7.as...as...canmaybe It is asplain asplain can be.
8.n It is inwith...as inwith”It isin lifeas ina journey.
9.“asgoodas…”相等于,就像,几乎如;实际上,其实,实在The merchantas goodas promisedthe orphanboy,that hewould adopthim.
10.H manyas well…as和might as well・・・as manyas well…as”可译为与其……,不如……,更好,”以这样做……为宜,”如同……,也可以……”等等might as well…as”表示不可能的事,可译为“犹如……可与……一样荒唐与其那样不如这样的好”等等One mayas wellnot knowa thingat allas knowit imperfectly.11「to make…oF的译法使……成为……,把……当作I willmake ascientist ofmy son.
12.oo…+不定式”,notnevertoo…+不定式,too…not+不定式She is too angryto speak.
13.onlynot,all,but,never too•••to doso和too readyapt+to do”结构中,不定式也没有否定意义,凡是“not“,“aM”but等字后+”too・・・to,”不定式都失去了否定意义,在”too readyapt+tdo”结构中,不定式也没有否定意义You knowbut tooyell tohold yourtongue.
14.H nomore…than…”句型A homewithout loveisnomore ahome thana bodywithout asoul is a man.
15.“not so much・・・as和“not so much as・・・”结构,n not so much---asn=n not so much as・・・”,其中as有进可换用but rather,可译为”与其说是毋须说是而not somuchas=withoutnoteven,”可译为”甚至还没有”The oceansdo notsomuchdivide theworld asunite it.
16.Nothing ismore…than和Nothing isso••,as结构,Nothing ismore…than”和“Nothing isso…as”都具有最高级比较的意思,Nothing I可换用”no,nobody,nowhere,little11,“few”,“hardly,“scarcely”等等,可译为没有……比……更为“,”像……再没有了“,最……”等Nothing ismore preciousthan time.
17.cannot…too…”结构Jeannot…too…意为It isimpossible tooverdo…”或者,即“无论怎样也不算过分not可换用hardly,scarcely”等,“too可换用enough,sufficient1等You cannotbe toocareful.
18.否定+but”结构,在否定词后面的“but”,具有“which not,“who not,“that not”,等等否定意义,构成前后的双重否定可译成没有……不是或”……都……”等Nothing isso badbut itmight have been worse.
19.否定+until till”结构,在否定词“no”,“not”,“never,“little,“few”,“seldom”等的后边所接用的“until/til『,多数情况下译为“直到……才……”,”要……才……”,把否定译为月定Nobody knowswhat he can dotill hehas tried.
20.“notso…but”和“not such a…but”结构,这两个结构和”否定+but”的结构差不多,不同之点是这两个结构中的“but”是含有hat…not”意味的连续词,表示程度可译为”还没有……到不能做……的程度,”并不是……不……”,”无论怎样……也不是不能……”等He is notsosick buthecancome toschool.
21.”疑问词+should…but”结构,这个结构表示过去的意外的事,意为none…but”,可译为”除了……还有谁会……“岂料“,“想不到……竟是……”等Who shouldwrite it but himself
22.who knowsbut that…和who couldshould…but”结构,这个结构是反问形式,一般意译为“多半“,“亦未可知”等等,有时也可直译Who knowsbut that he maygo
23.祈使句+and”和祈使句+or”结构,”祈使句+and”表示“If・・・you…”,”祈使名+or”表示“if・・・not***,youo
24.名词+and”结构,在这个结构中,名词等于状语从句,或表示条件,或表示时间A word,and hewould losehis temper.
25.as…,so…”结构,这里的“so”的意思是in thesame way也是如此此结构表明两个概念在程度上和关系上相似As rusteats iron,so careeats theheart.26・比2””结构,出@旷和比©丫©1,意思是“果真有……”即使有……”,表示加强语气与此类似的还有if anything”如有不同的话,如果稍有区别,if aday”二at least,至少There islittle,if any,hope.
27.be iteverneverso”和“let it be everneverso”结构,这里,“be it中的be”是古英语假设语气的遗留形式,现代英语则使用“let itbe“ever so和“never so”都表示同一意思,都表示“very”Be itever sohumble letitbeever sohumble,home ishome.
28.n the last+不定式和“the last+定语从词”结构,这种结构中的last意思是“the leastlikely H,用于否定性推论可译为“最不大可能的“,”最不合适的,由原意的“最后一个……”变成”最不可能……的一个”He is thelastman toaccept abride.
29.“so…that…”句型,这个句型的意思是“如此……,以致于……2但在翻译成汉语时,许多情况下,并不是一定要译成”如此……以致于……%而是变通表达其含义He ranso fastthat nobodycould catchhim up.
30.n more+than+原级形容词副词”结构,这是将不同性质加以比较,其中的“more有“rather”的意思It ismore thanprobable thathe willfall.3「morethan+动词”结构,这种结构表示动词的程度,可译为“异常“,“岂止“,“十二分地”等This morethan satisfiedme.
32.n goodand…”的副词用法,译为啡常“,“很”等类似还有“nice and…-fine and…J nlovely and…:bright and…丁Tare and…,big and…”等,均表示程度The applesare goodand ripe.
33.“and that”结构,这个“and that”应译为而且……3表示对它前面陈述部分的语气加强,“that”代表前面的整个陈述部分Return toyour work,and thatat once.
34.”at once…and”结构,这个结构译为”既...又...”,起相关连接的作用,相当于both・・・and…”The novelis atonce pleasingand instructive.
35.in that…”结构,这个结构的意思是”在那一点上(方面)可译为“因为”类似的结构还有“in this-%The budgetis unrealisticin thatit disregardsincreased costs.
36.n the name notwithstanding”结构,这个结构中notwithstanding”是介词,这个介词可以置前,可以置后,比如也可写成notwithstanding thename”起让步状语的作用Some peoplethink of the storagebattery asa sortof condenserwhere electricityis stored.But thisis anentirely wrongconception,thenamenotwithstanding.
37.“Every…not”和“All…not”结构,Evey not”表示“不见得每个……都是……”;All…not”表示”不见得所有……都是……”的意思Every manisnotpolite,and allare notborn gentlemen.
38.H mayaswellnot…as”结构,此结构可译为与其....不如不...One mayaswellnot knowa thingat allas knowitbutimperfectly.
39.n haveonly to…do”结构,此结构表示”只须(消)……就能……”的意思We haveonly toturn tothat extraordinarydiscovery madeby Edison to seethe significanceof it.
40.not(no)・・・unless,,」句型No increasein outputcanbeexpected unlessa newassembly lineis installed.
41.better…than…”句型Better mylife should be endedby theirhate,than thathated lifeshouldbeprolonged tolive withoutyour love.42」as itwere”是一个非常常用的插入语,意思是“好象“,“可以说”等Apiece ofiron neara magnet,though apparentlyseparate fromit,feels,as itwere,the threadsof thisattachment.
43.复杂结构,在下面例句中,由于anyone的定语从句过长,把谓语must realize提到定语从句之前Though faithand confidenceare surelymore orlass foreignto mynature,I donot infrequentlyfind myselflooking to them to be able,diligent,candid,and evenhonest.Plainly enough,that istoo largean order,as anyonemust realizewho reflectsupon themanner in which theyreach publicoffice.
44.not…any morethan…”为”不能.,正如不能.....”One cannot learn tosketch andexpress himselfgraphically onlyby readingabout itany morethan onecan learnto swimwhile standingby thepool.
45.By thatas itmay是“Let itbe thatas itmay”的省略形式,是由“be”引起的另外一种假设结构,意思是”虽然如此,尽管这样”Itissaid that the nervepoison isthe moreprimitive of the two,that the blood poisonis,so tospeak,a newproduct froman improvedformula.Be thatas itmay,the nervepoison doesits businesswith manfar morequickly thanthebloodpoison.
46.”if atall”是一个由针引起的主谓结构不完整的短句结为唧将……4”即使……”等I cansee onlywith greatdifficulty,if atall.
47.由there引起的句型容易产生复杂的句子结构.There havebeen openedup tothe vastand excellentscience,in whichmy workisthebeginning,ways andmeans bywhich otherminds moreaccurate thanwine willexplore itsremote corners.
48.range from…to…”结构这是一个常见结构,译时很多情况下应变通处理,不能完全依靠辞典上的释义Computer applicationsrange froman assemblyline completelyrun bycomputers toa childrentoy respondingto remotesignals.
49.the way…”结构I alwaysthought shewasacommon-sense personwho discussedthings theway theyought tobe discussed.
50.复杂宾补结构In recentyears,the developmentof sensitiveand accuratemeasuring equipmenthas madeit possibleto measurethe acuityof hearingof anyindividual atdifferent frequencies.
51.某些分隔结构1)动词短语相关部分被分隔(当make useof,take noticeof\n payattention to,等动词短语变成被动语态时)Use ismade ofsolar energyin heatinghouses.2)双重定语引起的分隔But there is ofculture anotherview,inwhichnot solelythe scientificpassion,the sheerdesire to see thingsas theyare,natural andproper inan intelligentbeing,appears asthe groundof it.
52.”tobedoing…when…”是一个句型,多译为”某人正在做……时,突然……在简单的句子中容易看出,一旦句子变得复杂一些,可能就不太容易识别这种句型She saidshe anda friendhad goneout todinner thatnight,and werewalking hometogether atabout10oclock,when a very big,very tallman,accosted themand demandedtheir purses.
53.too…to句型Then I remembered howoften I,too,had beenindifferent tothe grandeurof eachday,too preoccupiedwith pettyand sometimeseven meanconcerns torespond tothe splendorof itall.
54.somuch that…”句型But hedeveloped graduallyaverymusical English.He learntto writesentences thatfall awayon theear with a mistylanguor andit delightedhim somuchthathe couldnever haveenough ofit.
55.“hen”引导状语从句有时并不好译,不能一看到when从句就考虑译为”当……的时候”,它还有许多种译法Anything isbetter thannot towrite clearly.There isnothing tobe saidagainst lucidity,and againstsimplicity onlythe possibilityof dryness.This isa riskthat iswell worthtaking whenyou reflecthow muchbetter itistobe boldthan towear acurly wig.
56.not…because…”,有时可否定前面,有时可否定because本身,往往出现歧义应根据上下文面判定In1600the earthwas not the centeroftheuniverse becausethe majoritythen supposedit was;nor,because shehad morereaders,was Ellawheeler Wilcoxa betterpoet thanFather Hopkins.
57.so…that,such…that”是一个普通的句型,但在同一个句子里有两处使用它却比较少见The truthis,that inone pointof view,this matterof nationalliterature hascome tosuchapass withus,that insome sensewe mustturn bullies,else theday islost,or superiorityso farbeyond us,that wecan hardlysay itwill everbe ours.
58.”by doing…”结构这个结构的意思是“通过(做)……二但翻译实践中不能拘泥于这种释义,不少情况下需要灵活变通The hippos,by depositingdung inthe water,fed thefish thatsupport thestorks thatdestroy therare trees.
59.下面例句为一倒装句,主语很长,而且又含有非常复杂的句型这是以形容词作表语的倒装,翻译实践中多把倒装部分译到最前面No lessobvious isthe factthere aregreat numbersof peopleso constitutedor sobrought upthat theycannot getsomuchpleasure outof processesand experiencesresulting ina poorerlife lessfull ofmeaning.
60.句型I cannot sayof myselfwhat Johnsonsaid ofPope:He neverpassed afault unamendedby indifference,nor quittedit bydespair.I donot writeas I do;I writeas Ican.
61.英语的一个习惯用法是当否定谓语thinkbelieve时,实际上是否定其后面的宾语从句否定就落在宾语从句上这样宾语从句就变成了双重否定,译时可以按双重否定译,也可按肯定来译Itisa valuablework.Idonot thinkanyone writesso wellthathecannotlearnmuch fromit.
62.ntohave not---as tosee…”中的不定式也有否定意味He hadnotthegood breedingtoseethat simplicityand naturalnessare thetruest marksof distinction.
63.n It occurred tosb.that…”意为突然想到,意dawned onsb.that…”.突然想起”等从句是想起的内容Irememberonce beingon abus andlooking ata stranger.He suddenlylooked backat me-i.e.our eyesmet.My instinctivereaction wasto avertmy gaze.Itoccurredto methat ifI hadcontinued tomaintain eyecontact,I wouldhavebeenrude andaggressive.
64.叮t follows that…happens asa result…”常常被译为“由此可见“,“因此“,“从前“,“可以推断”等等It followsthat thehousewife willalso expecttobeable tohave moreleisure inher lifewithout loweringher standardof living.It alsofollowsthathuman domesticservants willhave completelyceased toexist.
65.thats allthere isto it,意思是”也不过如此而已”可根据上下文视情况处理If Imtouched,Pm touched-thats allthereisto it.
66.H The chances arethat…”是一句型,译为有可能Thechancesare youwill neverattempt thatspeed withpoetry orwant torace thoughsome passagesin fictionover whichyou wishto linger.
67.Feel,see,leave引起宾语的宾语补足语,或在被动语态中引起主语补足语的某些惯用句型,有时see和feel这两个词的被动式不大好译遇到这种情况应挖掘其深层含义,不要拘泥于表面形式The educationoftheyoung isseen tobe ofprimary importance.
68.某止匕以no,nowhere,never,not,--bout,not-•,any,nothing but,hardly,scarcely,seldom等否定词语引出的一些结构I nevergo pastthe theatrebut Ithink ofhis lastperformance.
69.某些用choice between,to knowbetter,whether or,should haveavoided或done better等表示从两种做法中选取一种更好的做法Then weare facedwithachoice betweenusing technologyto provideand fulfilneeds whichhave hithertobeen regardedas unnecessaryor,on theother hand,using technologyto reducethe numberof hoursof workwhich aman mustdo inorder toearn agiven standardof libing.
70.某些省略情况,应清单确认省略的内容The countryhad grownrich,its commercewas large,and wealthdid itsnatural workin makinglife softerand moreworldly,commerce indeprovincializing theminds ofthose engagedin it.
71..修饰成分包括定语、定语从句、同位语从句等多而长Across thecourt fromthe Manhattanapartment thatI haveoccupied forthe pastfew yearsisadog thatoften hurlsinsults intothe darkness,a fewof whichmy dogrefuses toaccept andmakes atart reply.
72.一些外位语,所谓外位修饰,指从句子结构和内容上不起主要信息表达功能的部分其作用是从语气和连接上下文等方面进行补充在翻译成汉语时,往往可独立成句,外形上不保留修饰的痕迹Of course,nobody washurt thistime,because wehad allbeen todinner,none ofus beingnovices exceptingHastings;and hehaving beeninformed bythe ministeratthetime thathe invitedhim thatin deferencetotheEnglish customthe hadnot providedany dinner.。