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解密05非谓语动词考点热度★★★★内容索引核心考点1非谓语动词作状语;核心考点2非谓语动词作定语;核心考点3非谓语动词作宾语;核心考点4非谓语动词作宾补;核心考点5非谓语动词作主语和表语;O解密高考高考考纲近5年考情命题趋势刍售对点滴2021年过去分词、现在分词、动词不定式作状语;现在分词、动词不定式作定语;固定搭配2020年(江苏卷)、(天津卷)、全国过去分词、现在分词、动词不定式作状语;过去分词、现在分词作定语;动名词、过去分考点非谓语词作宾语补足语;过去分词、现在分词、动词2019年(江苏卷)、全国过去分词、现在分词、不定式作定语、动词作状语、动词不定式作状语;动词不定式作定语,补语、状语;动定语、宾语、动词不定式、动名词作宾语;(天津卷)名词作宾语、主动名词作主语;浙江卷动名词作表语语、表语;动词宾补、主语和2018年(北京卷)、(江苏卷)、全国过去分用法和固定搭表语;词、现在分词、动词不定式作状语;(天配;津卷)固定搭配;动词不定式、动名词作宾语;(天津卷)过去分词作宾语补足语(北京卷)动名词作主语;核心考点2017年(天津卷)、(北京卷)、(江苏卷)、全国过去分词、现在分词、动词不定式作状语;非谓语动2被修饰的名词是抽象名词时用不定式作定语,常见的抽象名词ability,chance,idea,fact,excuse,promise,reply,attempt,belief,way,reason,moment,time等3the first,the second,the last,the next,the only等作名词或者它们作形容词用来修饰名词或代词时,常用不定式作定语入The abilityto expressan ideais asimportant as the ideaitself.表达思想的能力和思想本身一样重要Wc arcinvited toa partyto beheld inour clubnext Friday我们被邀请参加下周五在我们俱乐部举办的晚会总结不定式作定语,必须后置,表示将要发生的动作;分词作定语,若是单个的分词,通常置于被修饰名词之前,若是分词短语作定语则要置于被修饰名词之后,其功能相当于定语从句;现在分词作定语表主动关系、表动作正在进行,过去分词作定语表被动关系、表示动作已完成如The meetingto beheld tomorrowis quite important.明天要开的会议很重要The meetingbeing heldnow is quiteimportant.现在正开的会议相当重要The meetingheld yesterdayisquiteimporiant.昨天开的会议相当重:要£一【考法解密】考法1非谓语动词做定语题型预测选择
1.[2021•天津卷】Chinas NationalHighway318,over
5.000kilometers fromShanghai toZhangmu,Tibet,is knownastheheavenly road44for itsamazing views.A.to extendB.extended C.extending D.being extended【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词句意中国的国道318号,从上海到西藏樟木,延伸出5000多公里,因为它的令人赞叹的景观,被熟知为“天堂之路分析句子成分可知,is knownas是整个句子的谓语动词,所以空格处应填非谓语动词,extend与主语Chinak NationalHighway318之间的关系为主动,所以用extending故选C
2.【2017•北京卷】Jim hasretired,but hestill rememberthe happytime withhis students.A.to spendB.spend C.spending D.spent【答案】D【解析】句意Jim已经退休了,但是他依然记得和学生一起度过的快乐时光句子已经有了谓语,空格只能填非谓语动词,逻辑主语是time,和spend之间是被动关系,故用过去分词spent考法2非谓语动词做定语题型预测语法填空
1.2021年1月浙江卷阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式The studyfound thatbetween1985and2017,average ruralBMI increased
32.
2.1in womenand men.In cities,however,the gain
33.be
1.3in womenand
1.6in men.The researchersdescribed“striking changcs^^in thegeography ofBMI.Tn1985,urban menand womenin morethan threequarters of the countries
34.study hadhigher BMIsthan menand womenin ruralareas.But30years later,the BMIdifference betweenurban andrural peoplein manycountries hadnarrowed
35.sharp.This may be dueto somedisadvantages forpeople
36.live in the countryside,including lowerlevels ofincome andeducation,higher costsof healthyfoods,and fewersports facilities.【答案】
32.by
33.was
34.Studied
35.sharply
36.living【解析】
37.考查介词句意研究发现,1985年至2017年间,农村女性和男性的平均BMI增加了
2.1increase by表示“增加了”;increase to表示“增加到根据正常的成人BMI数值
18.5-
23.9可知,increase by符合语境,故填by
38.考查主谓一致和动词时态句意然而,在城市中,女性增加了
1.3,男性增加了
1.6分析句子结构可知,句子缺少谓语,主语gain是单数,时态是一般过去时,故填was.,
39.考查非谓语动词句意1985年,在被研究的国家中,超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于农村地区的男性和女性分析句子结构可知,句子的谓语是had,所以study用非谓语形式,它的逻辑主语是countries,表被动关系,故填studied
40.考查副词句意但30年后,许多国家城市和农村人口的BMI差异大幅缩小分析句子结构可知,sharp是要修饰动词narrow,用sharp的副词形式sharplyo故填sharply
41.考查非谓语动词句意这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件,包括较低的收入和教育水平,较高的健康食品成本,以及较少的体育设施分析句子结构可知,句子已有谓语动词may be,故live川非谓语形式,它的逻辑主语是people,表主动关系,做定语,用现在分词形式,故填living42【2020・新课标II卷】They representthe earth
63.(come)back tolife andbest wishesfor newbeginnings.【答案】coming【解析】考查非谓语动词句意它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿句中谓语动词为represent,所以这里为非谓语动词名词earth与come backto之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作后置定语故填coming43【2019•新课标H卷】Picking upher44Lifetime Achievemenf,award,proud Irenedeclared(declare)she hadno plans65(retire)from her36-year-old business.【答案】to retire【解析】考查不定式作定语此处用tdo sth做后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示”的计划”,故填to retire44[2019•新课标H卷】When wcgot acall68(say)shc wasshort-listed,wc thought it wasa joke.【答案】saying【解析】考查非谓语动词.根据其后所接的宾语从句可知,此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语,解释名词call的内容,call与say是主动关系,故填saying考法3非谓语动词做定语(题型预测短文改错)
1.(2020•新课标I卷)1like eatingfrying tomatoeswith eggs,and Ithoughtitmust to be easyto cook.[答案】frying改为fried【解析】考查非谓语动词句意我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋动词fry与tomatoes之间是动宾关系,所以此处应用过去分词作定语,故将frying改为fried核心考点三非谓语动词做宾语
1.非谓语动词做宾语非谓语动词作宾语常考动词短语,也就是我们常说的固定搭配,需要背诵的词组较多
1.下面的动词要求用不定式作宾语auempi(企图),afford(负担得起),demand(要求),long(渴望),desire(渴望),expect,hope,wish,want,swear(发誓),volunteer(自愿),offer(提供),fail(未能),plan,care(关心,喜欢),happen(碰巧),prepare(准备),learn(学习),choose(选择),hesitate(犹豫),claim(要求),promise,undertake(承接),appear(似乎),seek(寻觅),refuse(拒绝),decide(决定),determine(决定),manage(设法),pretend(假装),agree(同意),bother(烦恼),intend(想要),wait(等待)
2.下面的动词只能用动名词作宾语acknowledge(承认),admit(承认),deny(否认),mention(说至lj,讲到),tolerate/stand/bear(受),dislike(不喜欢),advocate(提倡,主张),appreciate(感激,欣赏),avoid(避免),enjoy(享受),envy(嫉妒),delay(延迟),postpone(延迟,延期),escape(逃跑,逃避),excuse/pardon/forgive(原谅),fancy(幻想,爱好),imagine(想象),favour(造成,偏爱),mind(介意),miss(错过),finish(完成),resist(抵抗),risk(冒险),involve(包含),practise(实践),suggest/advise/recommend(建议),prevent(阻止),keep(保持),quit/abandon(放弃,停止),understand(理解),include(包括)
3.后接动名词作宾语的动词短语和句型有havc(no/niuch/somc/...)difficulty/trouble/a hardtimc(in),take pleasurein,spend timc/moncy(in),waste time(in),be worth,be busy,feel like,be committedto
4.t作为介词的短语有look forwardto,pay attentionto,object to=be opposedto,be devotedto,stick to,come close2(差一点),get downto(开始认真做),get/be accustomed/used to(doing),lead to=contribute to(sb.doing/being done)
5.allow,permit,forbid,advise,recommend的用法allow/permit/forbid/advise/recommend+doing allow/permit/fbrbid/advise/recommend+sb.+to do如I dontallow smokingin myroom.I dontallow himto smokein myroom.
6.既可以接-ing又可以接-to do,但意义有差别的动词©forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事(此事未做)forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)remember to do slh.记得去做某事(未做)remember doing sth.记得做过某事(己做)
②stop to do停止(某件事),目的是去做另一件事stop doing停止正在或经常做事go onto do继续(去做另外一件事情)go ondoing继续(原先没有做完的事情)
③regret to do sth,对要做的事感到遗憾(遗憾地要去做某事)regret doingsth.对过去做过的事或未做过的事感到后悔(后悔做过或未做过某事)©try to do努力、企图做try doing试验、试一试某种办法©mean to do(人)打算,有意要...mean doing(物)意味着©cant help(to)do sth.不能帮助做某事cant helpdoingsth.情不自禁做某事考法解密】考法1非谓语动词做宾语题型预测单选
4.12018,天津】I didntmean anythingbut theice creamlooked sogood that1couldnt helpit.A.to eat;to tryB.eating;trying C.eating;to tryD.to eat;trying【答案】D【解析】考查短语固定搭配句意我不打算吃任何东西,但冰淇淋看起来如此的好以至于我忍不住的要试一试固定短语短语mean to do打算做,couldrTl helpdoing忍不住做故选D考法2非谓语动词做宾语题型预测语法填空
1.[2019•新课标II卷】A90-ycar-old hasbeen awardcdt4Woman OfThe Ycaffbr61beBritains oldestfull-time employee-still working40hours aweek.【答案】being【解析】考查非谓语动词根据其前介词for可知,此处用动名词形式作宾语,故填being
2.【2019・浙江卷】But somestudents didntwant63wear theuniform.【答案】to wear【解析】考查非谓语动词句意但是,有一些学生不想穿学生服wanl todo sth想要做某事,这里是动词不定式作t的宾语故填to wear
3.【2018浙江卷】【still remember59visit afriend whodlived herefbr fiveyears andI wasshocked shockwhen Ilearnt shehadnt cookedonce inall thattime.【答案】visiting【解析】此处指我记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友,表示记得做过某事用remember doingsth.,故填visitingo
4.【2018•新课标IH卷】1quickly lowermyself,ducking myhead toavoid64look directlyinto hiseyes sohe doesntfeel65challenge.【答案】
64.looking;
65.challened【解析】
64.考查动词动词avoid后要加doing此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛用lookingo
65.考查非谓语根据语境可知,此处表示不直视他的眼睛,他就不会感到被挑战性feci为系动词,表示“被挑战”,用过去分词challenged考法3非谓语动词做宾语题型预测短文改错
1.2021年全国甲卷短文改错Their answersalso showthat theydislike talkto others【答案】talk—talking【解析】考查非谓语动词句意他们的答案也表明他们不喜欢和其他人说固定短语dislike doingsth.,意为“不喜欢做某事,doing为动名词作宾语故talk改为talking核心考点四非谓语动词做宾语补足语L非谓语动词做宾语补足语类型
1.现在分词作宾补现在分词作宾补时,句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语,该动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系,并且现在分词作宾补强调正在进行的主动动作可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词感官动词see,watch,observe,look,notice,hear,listen,feel,使役动词have,get,find,leave,keep,catch等I lookedup andnoticed asnake windingits wayup thetree to catch itsbreakfast.我抬头注意到一条蛇蜿蜒着爬上树去捕捉它的早餐He hadthe lightburning allnight,which madehis parentsvery angry.他让灯亮了整晚,这使他父母很生气Its wrongto leavethe computerworking.让电脑一直开着是不对的I amsorry to have keptyou waitingfor solong.对不起让你久等了I founda number of peoplealready workingthere.我发现很多人已经在那儿工作了
2.过去分词作宾补过去分词作宾补时,句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语,该动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词:感官动词see,watch,observe,look,notice,hear,listen,feel,使役动词have,make,let,get,find,leave,keep等When wesaw theroad blockedwith snow,we decidedto spendthe holidayat home.当我们看到道路被雪封住后,我们决定在家过假期.You shouldkeep nicinformed ofhis whereabouts.你应该让我了解他的行踪The oldfound hishometown muchchanged.这位老人发现他的家乡变化很大He leftmuch workunfinished becausehe wasill.因为生病,他留下许多工作未做
3.不定式作宾补⑴常带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语):advise,allow,ask,cause,command,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,invite,leave,order,permit,persuade,prefer,request,warn,wish,call on,depend upon等
(2)常接不带io的不定式作宾补的动词(短语):help,使役动词(make,have,let),感官动词如果这些动词或短语用于被动语态,则to不可省略动词help后的不定式符号2可以省略,也可以保留We hurriedlyended themeeting,leaving manyproblems to be settled.我们匆忙结束了会议,留下很多问题要解决
4.with+宾语+宾补(l)with+宾语+doing(表示主动且进行)
(2)wi〔h+宾语+done(表示被动且完成)
(3)with+宾语+todo(表示将来)The oldcouple oftentake awalk aftersupper inthe parkwith theirpct dogfollowing them这老两口常常在晚饭后到公园里H攵步,他们的宠物狗则在后面跟着John receivedan invitationto dinner,and withhis workfinished,he gladlyaccepted it.约翰收到一份宴请函而且他的工作也干完了,他就欣然接受了邀请With a lot ofdifficult problemsto settle,the newlyelected presidentis havinga hardtime.因为有很多难题要解决,这位新任总统的日子不好过au考法解密】考法1非谓语动词做宾语补足语(题型预测单选)
1.[2018•天津)I needa newpassport soI willhave to have my photographs.A.taking B.taken C.being takenD.take【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词句意我需要一个新护照,所以我将不得不拍照片本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语,宾语myphotograph与补足语之间为被动关系,故用过去分词作宾语补足语C项表示正在进行故选B考法2非谓语动词做宾语补足语(题型预测语法填空)
1.(2020•新课标II卷)They make great gifsand yousee themmany times
65.(decorate)with redenvelopes andmessages ofgood fortune.【答案】decorated【解析】考查非谓语动词句意它们是很好的礼物,你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息句中them指代前句中的orange trees,与decorale之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语故填decoded
2.2020•山东卷As wellas lookingat exhibits,visitors canplay withcomputer simulations模拟and imaginethemselves theyliving ata differenttime inhistory or
43.walkthrough arainforest.【答案】walking【解析】考查非谓语动词句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中此处与living是并列成分,共同做imagine的宾补,imagine sbdoingsth.“想象某人做某事故填walkingo核心考点五非谓语动词做主语、表语L非谓语动词做主语
1.如果表语是不定式,主语也是不定式;表语是动名词,主语也是动名词如To seeis to believe.=Seeing isbelieving.
2.动名词作主语的句型如It isno use/no good/usciess doingsth.It isa wasteof timedoing也可用It isa wasteof timetodo
3.动词不定式和动名词的复合结构动词不定式的复合结构有两种Il isdifflcu1l/easy/possib1e/necessary/...for sb.lo doslh.和It iskind/wise/foolish/considerate/...of sb.todo动名词的复合结构是由名词所有格或“物主代词+动名词”构成在口语和非正式语体中,只要不是作主语,动名词复合结构中的逻辑主语常采用名词通格或人称代词宾格如His comingmade mehappy.I cantimagine his/him livingthere alone.
4.动名词被动式作主语过去分词不可作主语如Being exposedto thesunlight fora longtime docsharm toyour skin.2,非谓语动词做表语
1.不定式作表语,一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作动名词作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为Her hobbyis playingbasketball.Her hobbyis toplay basketball.Her jobis toteach English.
2.过去分词作表语,表示“感到,觉得“,现在分词作表语,表示“令人……此类词有embarrass,excite,interest,delight,disappoint,encourage,inspire,please,puzzle,satisfy,surprise,worry,convince等《【考法解密】考法1非谓语动词做主语题型预测单选
2.【2019•天津卷】to thinkcritically isan importantskill todayschildren willneed for the future.A.Learn B.Learned C.Learning D.Having learned【答案】C【解析】考查动名词句意学会批判性思维是当代小孩未来所必需的重要技能句子缺少主语成分,而过去分词、动词都不可以做主语此处用动名词做主语,故选C I.【2018•北京】along heold SilkRoad isan interestingand rewardingexperience A.Travel B.Traveling C.Having traveledD.Traveled【答案】B【解析】考查动名词句意沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣乂有益的经历J—along theold SilkRoad”做主语,要用动名词,故B选项正确考法2非谓语动词做表语题型预测语法填空
1.[219・浙江卷】When thechildren arcwalking or59cycle toschool ondark mornings,...【答案】cycling【解析】考查非谓语动词句意当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时,汽车司机很容易看到它们or连接两个并列成分,根据1•前的walking可知,此处要用cycling故填cyclingo词做状语
1.非谓语做状语的类型
1.表示时间、条件、方式、让步或伴随情况,通常用现在分词或过去分词;若句子主语与非谓语动词是主动关系,用现在分词;若句子主语与非谓语动词是被动关系,用过去分词或现在分词分词的被动式如Seeing thecat.the mouseran off.见到猫,老鼠就跑了He satinthechair readingnewspapers.他坐在椅子上看报Given moretime,we couldhave doneit belte匚如果多给点时间,我们可以做得更好
2.表示目的,通常要用不定式;表目的的不定式所表示的动作通常发生在谓语动词之后,且常用于in orderto,so as2结构有时为了强调,可将不定式短语放到句首如We usedthe computerto savetime.我们用电脑节约时间In orderto catchthe train,she hurriedthrough herwork.为了赶火车,她匆匆做完了她的工作注不定式作状语只有表示目的时,才可以放到句首
3.表示原因,通常用分词短语,旦多放在句首,有时也放在句末,多用逗号隔开如Being veryweak,she couldirtmove.由于身体虚弱,她不能行动Much discouraged,she cameback home.她很沮丧,回了家注在表示情绪或情感反应的形容词如happy,glad,sorry,sad,surprised,frightened,delighted,disappointed后,可接不定式短语表示原因如Im verypleased tomeet you.会见你我很高兴I,m proudto beyour friend.当你的朋友我感到骄傲
4.表示结果,用不定式或现在分词均可,但有区别不定式表结果,其动作发生在谓语动词之后,有时表示未曾预料到的或令人不快的,不定式前常加only,另外还用于10…to,enough to,never to,so/such...as to等固定结构中;现在分词表示结果,是伴随谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果(同时发生),前面可加上thus如:He wasso foolishas toleave hiscar unlocked.他是那样傻,竟然没锁车He hurriedto the house onlyto fondthat it was emply.他匆忙赶到那屋子里,发现己经空无一人He died,leaving hiswife withfive children.他死了,留下他妻子和五个孩子总结-ingAed除表示伴随之外还表示时间、让步或条件除了表示目的,还表示结果、情感或心理状态原因尤其注意表示特性的形容词(comfortable,difficult,easy等诟接的不定式要用主动形式表示被动意义q,【考法解密】考法1非谓语动词做状语(题型预测选择)
1.(2020•江苏卷)Technological innovations,good marketing,will promotethe salesof theseproducts.A.combined withB.combining withC.having combined with D.to be combinedwith【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词句意:技术创新与良好的市场营销相结合,将促进这些产品的销售此处是短语:becombinedwith马结合/联合”,本句中省略be动词,使用过去分词做状语故选A
2.(2020•天津卷)in1931,(he EmpireStale Building,the highestskyscraper until1954,inspired theimagination ofthe world.A.Having completedB.Being completedC.Completed D.Completing【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词句意1931年完工的帝国大厦是1954年之前最高的摩天大楼,它激发了全世界的想象力句中谓语动词是inspired,此处用非谓语动词主语the EmpireState Building和动词complete是被动关系,用过去分词作状语A项是现在分词的完成式,不表被动B项是doing的被动式故选C
3.(2020•天津卷)The localgovernment doesnt have to sacrifice environmentalprotection economicgrowth.A.to bepromoted B.being promotedC.promoting D.to promote【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词句意地方政府不必为了促进经济增长而牺牲环境保护通过分析句子成分并翻译语境可知,句中存在谓语doesnthave tosacrifice,空中需使用非谓语动词且表示目的性关系,因此使用动词不定式形式故选D项
4.(2020•天津卷)us preparefortheexam,the teachersuggested readingthrough ournotes.A.To helpB.Helped C.Helping D.Being helped【答案】A【解析】考杳非谓语动词句意:为了帮助我们准备考试,老师建议通读我们的笔记分析句子结构可知,老师建议我们诵读笔记是”为了“帮助我们准备考试故表目的,应用动词不定式故选A
5.[2019•江苏卷]the convenienceof digitalpayment,many seniorcitizens startedto usesmart phones.A.To enjoyB.Enjoying C.To haveenjoyed D.Enjoy【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词此处是不定式作目的状语句意为了享受数字支付的方便,很多老年市民开始使用智能手机故选A
6.12019•江苏卷】Chinas imageis improvingsteadily,with morecountries itsrole ininternational affairs.A.recognizing B.being recognizedC.toberecognized D.recognized【答案】A【解析】考查with复合结构句意中国的形象正在稳步提升,更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用“更多的国家”和“认识”之间是主动关系,用with+名词+现在分词结构,故选A
7.[2018•北京]During theMid-Autumn Festival,family membersoften gathertogether a meal,admire themoon andenjoy mooncakes.A.share B.to shareC.having sharedD.shared【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词句意在中秋节期间,家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭,赏月,品尝月饼gather是谓语动词,ameal,admire themoon andenjoy mooncakes”是状语,家人聚在一起的Fl的是吃饭,赏月,品尝月饼,表目的用动词不定式,故B选项正确
8.[2018•北京】Ordinary soap,correctly,can dealwith bacteriaeffectively.A.used B.to useC.using D.use【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词句意如果正确使用的话,普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌Ordinary soapcan dealwith bacterialeffectively是主句,correctly是条件状语,修饰ordinary soap,ordinary soap和use之间是被动关系,故要用过去分词,A选项正确
9.[2018•江苏】Around13,500new jobswere createdduring theperiod,the expectednumberof12,000held bymarket analysts.A.having exceededB.to exceedC.exceeded D.exceeding【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词句意在这期间,大约创造13,500个新的工作,超过市场分析师持有的12,000的预期数量分析全句可知,这里指前一件事情所带来自然而然的结果,故用现在分词作结果状语故选D
10.【2017•天津卷】The hospitalhas recentlyobtained newmedical equipmentmore patientstobetreated.A.being allowedB.allowing C.having allowedD.allowed【答案】B【解析】句意近期这个医院购进了新的医疗设备,允许更多的病人被治疗前句购进医疗设备和后面允许更多的病人被治疗之间是必然的结果关系,用doing即现在分词作结果状语,表示顺理成章的结果A.being allowed表示被动且正在进行C.having allowed强调先于谓语动词发生D.allowed表示被动且完成,故选B
11.【2017•天津】I waswatching theclock allthrough themeeting,as I had atrain,A.catching B.caught C.tocatchD.tobecaught【答案】C【解析】试题分析句意在整个会议期间我一直在看钟表,因为我要去赶火车根据上文判断出as引导原因状语从句,Sb.have sth.todo某人有某事要做(在本句中todo由主语完成),根据句意判断选C
12.【2017•江苏卷】Many Chinesebrands,their reputationsover centuries,are facingnew challengesfrom themodern market.A.having developedB.being developedC.developed D.developing【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词brands是逻辑主语,和develop是主谓关系,所以用现在分词,表示伴随状况;再根据“over centuries”可知,应该使用现在分词的完成式,故选A句意许多中国品牌,享誉数百年,现在正面临着来自现代市场的新挑战
13.【2017•北京卷】Many airlinesnow allowpassengers toprint theirboarding passesonline theirvaluable time.A.save B.saving C.to saveD.saved【答案】C【解析】句意许多航空公司现在允许乘客网上打印他们的登机牌来节省时间此处是动词不定式表目的,故选C考法2非谓语动词做状语(题型预测语法填空)
1.(2021年全国乙卷语法填空)....Actually,a truecco-friendly tripmust meeithe followingprinciples:Minimize theimpact of67(visit)the place.Komodo NationalPark,officially recognizedin1980,is popularfbr ecotourismbecause ofits uniquebiodiversity.Activities(here rangefrom whalewatching tohiking(远足)and accommodationsaim70(have)a lowimpact on the naturalenvironment.[答案]
67.visiting
70.tohave【解析】
67.考查动名词句意最大限度地减少拜访这个地方的影响根据空格前介词f可知,空格处应填动名词形式来作介词of的宾语故填visiting
70.考查非谓语动词句意那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小固定短语aim todo译为“旨在,目的是故填tohave
2.(2020•新课标I卷)Chinese researchershope touse theinstruments onboardChange-
466.(find)and studyareas ofthe SouthPole-Aitken basin.[答案】lo find【解析】考查非谓语动词句意中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地此处表示目的,应使用不定式作目的状语故填tfind
3.(2020•新课标H卷)They areeasy
68.(care)for andmakegreatpresents.[答案】to care【解析】考查非谓语动词句意它们很容易照顾,也很适合作为礼物这里考查“be+形容词+todo”结构故填to care
4.2020•新课标HI卷The nextmorning hehired aboat andset out
67.find thewell-known painter.【答案】to find【解析】考查非谓语动词句意第二天早上,他租了一条船,出发去找这位著名的画家结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set outtodosth.,后跟不定式做目的状语故填t find
5.2020•新课标III卷And whenhe sawthe mistsrising fromthe riverand the soft clouds
69.surround themountain tops,he wasreduced totears.【答案】surrounding【解析】考查非谓语动词句意当他看到雾气从河上升起,山顶上乌云环绕,他不禁流卜了眼泪分析句子结构可知,thesoftclouds69surround themountain tops是独立主格结构做状语,surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系,故应用现在分词故填swrounding
6.2020•浙江卷Agriculture gavepeople theirfirst experienceofthepower oftechnology
60.changclives.【答案】to change【解析】考查非谓语动词句意农业让人们第•次体验到技术改变生活的力量分析句子,简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词分析句意,此处需用不定式表示目的故填to change
7.2020•浙江卷Laler,they learnedto workwith theseasons season,planting atthe righttime and,in dryareas,
63.makeuse ofannual floodsto irrigate瞿;既thei「fields.【答案】making【解析】考查非谓语动词句意后来,他们学会了因地制宜,在适当的时间播种,在干旱地区,利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田分析句子,make所处的分句中无主语,故此处需用非谓语动词make useof和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系所以此处用现在分词形式doing形式做状语故填making
8.【2019・新课标III卷】On ourway tothehouse,itwasraining sohard thatwe couldnthelp wonderinghow longit wouldtake62getthere.【答案】2retire【解析】考查不定式句中的would提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子,wondering后的句子不缺谓语,此处应填非谓语动词,故填Igel
9.【2019•新课标III卷】On thelast dayof ourweek-long stay,we were invited inviteloattend aprivate concerton abeautiful farmon theNorth Shoreunder thestars,70listcnto musiciansand meeting interesting locals.【答案】listening【解析】考查现在分词木句谓语动词为“wereinvited,所以70题空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式听音乐这个动作是由we发出的,所以选用现在分词形式也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这•规律解题,and后meetinginterestinglocals为分词形式,故空格处填listening,
1.【2019•新课标I卷】Modem methodsof trackingpolar hearpopulations havebeen employedonly sincethe mid-1980s,and areexpensive64perform consistentlyover alarge area.【答案】to perform【解析】考查非谓语动词主系表结构之后,常用不定式作原因或目的状语,句意跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用,并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的,故此处用to perform
11.【2019•新课标I卷jScientists haveresponded by67note thathungry bearsmaybecongregating聚集around humansettlements,...【答案】noting【解析】考杳非谓语动词根据其前介词by可知,此处用动名词主动形式,故填notingo
12.【2019・北京卷】Nervously2face challenges,I knowI willwhisper tomyself Ithe twosimple words“Be yourself.【答案】facing【解析】考查非谓语动词句意紧张地面对挑战,我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己分析句式可知,此处是做句子的状语,要用非谓语动词,其逻辑主语是I,与逻辑主语之间是主动关系,用现在分词作状语故填facing
13.【2018•新课标I卷】You donthavetorun fastor forlong62see thebenefit.You maydrink,smoke,be overweightand stillreduce yourrisk of63die earlyby running.【答案】
62.to see;
63.dying【解析】
62.考杳不定式作目的状语你不必跑地太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处此处不定式作目的状语,故填tosee
63.考查动名词你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重,但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险此处of是介词,其后用动名词故填dying
13.【2018•新课标II卷】Another reasonfor cornsrise:The governmentencourages farmersto growcorn insteadof rice64improve waterquality.【答案】to improve【解析】考查非谓语动词句意为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米没有连词可以且谓语动词是encourages,故improve应该用非谓语动词此处表示目的,故用不定式故填to improve考法3非谓语动词做状语(题型预测短文改错)
1.(2020•新课标I卷)My momtold mehow topreparing it【答案】preparing改为prepare o【解析】考查非谓语动词句意我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜分析句子可知,“how+不定式”作told的宾语,to是不定式符号,后应接动词原形,故将preparing改为prepare
2.【2019•新课标II卷】All(he football players onthe playground cheered loudly,say IhalIhad a talentfor football.人say【答案】Ail thefootballplayersontheplaygroundcheeredloudly,-------------—that Ihadasaying talentfor football.【解析】考查现在分词本句句意操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼,说我有足球天赋句中谓语动词为cheered,say在这里作伴随状语与主语players是主动关系,故将say改为sayingo
3.[2018•新课标I卷】My grandpasaid lastsummer theyearned quitealotby sellthe fish.【答案】sell改为selling【解析】考查动名词去年夏天他们通过卖鱼挣了一大笔钱此处介词by后用动名词,故用sellingo
4.【2018・新课标III卷]Everyone wassilent,wait tosee whowould becalled uponto readhis orher paragraphaloud.【答案】wail改为waiting【解析】考查非谓语动词根据句子成分分析,本句有谓语为was,而且没有连词,与主语是主动关系,所以wail要用非谓语waiting,表伴随核心考点二非谓语动词做定语
1.非谓语动词做定语的类型
2.现在分词作定语现在分词的主动式作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,表示该动作的主动和进行现在分词的被动式作定语与所修饰名词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系,表示该动作被动和进行
3.过去分词作定语过去分词作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上存在被动关系,并表示该动作的被动或完成
4.不定式作定语
(1)不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后,表示将来的动作不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系,若该不定式是不及物动词,其后应有必要的介词。