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虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood手语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表Zj\o
1.陈述语气The indicativeMood用来陈述一个事实,或提出一种看法,有肯定,否定,疑问或感叹等形式I amnot interestedin whatyou said.Have youever beento FranceWhat asplendid palace!
2.祈使语气The ImperativeMood用来表示请求,邀请,命令,警告或劝告等.Let shave atalk.Don tjump in the queue.
3.虚拟语气The SubjunctiveMood表示说话人所说的话不是事实,而是一中假设,愿望,怀疑或推测虚拟语气主要用于if条件状语从句,也可用于名词性从句等If I were you,I wouldnot leaveher alone.If it were torain tomorrow,they wouldstay atschool.If Jackhad scoredthat goal,we would have wonthe match.Our teachersuggested that we goto labthis afternoon.
一、虚拟语气在if条件句中的用法
二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法
三、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法
四、虚拟语气其他的用法
一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法条件从句If从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在过去式were would/could/should/might+V(原)had donewould/could/should/过去might+have doneL过去式________
2.should+Y woula/coula/should未来(原)/might+V(原)
3.were to do
一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法
1、与现在事实相反主句would/should/could/might+动原从句动词过去式be用were
2、与过去事实相反主句would/should/could/might+have done从句had doneShe wouldhave goneto theparty ifshe hadbeen invited.要是当初她被邀请的话,她就会去参加这次聚会了If he hadnt calledme,I wouldhave oversleptthis morning.今天早上,她要是不叫我的话,我就会睡过头了
3、与将来事实可能相反主句would/should/could/might+动原从句动词过去式should+动原were to+动原If itshould fail,I wouldtry again.要是失败了,我会再试一次If hegot upearly,he wouldbe ontime.
4、混合型条件句错综时间虚拟语气当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一致时,虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应,这种条件句叫混合条件句较多见的混合型条件句是从句用过去完成时指过去行为,而主句用一般时指目前状态★He wouldpass thetest ifhe hadtaken myadvice.如果他听了我的劝告,他现在会通过考试★If I had spokento himyesterday,I shouldknow whatto donow.假如昨天我对他说了,现在我就知道该怎么办了
5、If的省略,were/had/should倒装到主语之前如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were,had和should时,可省略if,把were,had和should放到从句主语前面去,多见于书面语Had younot helpedme,I should have failed.要是没有你的帮助,我就失败了He wouldpass thetest ifhe hadtaken myadvice.如果他听了我的劝告,他现在会通过考试If I had spokento himyesterday,I shouldknow whattodonow.假如昨天我对他说了,现在我就知道该怎么办了
二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法
1.、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用
1.由动词一坚持,二命令,三建议,四要求引导的宾语从句用虚拟语气should+V.或者省略should,即一坚持insist二命令order,command三建议suggest,propose,advise四要求demand,require,request,ask主句+that+S+should+do Weinsisted theynot bepresent atsuch gathering.He ordered that allshould takepart inthe work.He suggestedwe shouldstart offearly thenext day.They requestedthat we shouldhavelunch withthem.注意当suggest表示“暗示,表明”insist表示“坚持认为”时,不用虚拟语气The smileon hisface suggested that hewas satisfiedwith ourwork.The maninsisted thathehadnever stolenthe money.
2、虚拟语气在wish后的宾语从句中,表愿望wish的宾语从句现在1过去时were
2.过去过去完成时had done
3、未来:would/could/might+V.原1表示对现在情况的虚拟从句动词用过去式或过去进行式be动词一般用were I wish everyday weremy birthday2表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用“had+过去分词”I wish/wished I hadn teaten somuch watermelon.The partywas terrible,I wish I hadnever goneto it.3表示对将来的主观愿望从句动词形式为“would/could/might+动词原形”4注意主句的主语与从句的主要不能相同,因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现,取决于从句主语的态度或意愿非动物名词除外但愿你立刻来I wishyou wouldcome soon.I wishit wouldrain tomorrow.
3.
1.would ratherthat现在:过去时过去:过去完成时未来:过去时I wouldrather youpaid menow.★I wouldrather Ihadn tcome yesterday.★I wouldrather youcame tomorrow.
三、虚拟语气在其他名词性从句中的用法
3、在It issuggested/requested/demanded ordered/required/desired/proposed/advised/insisted+that此类主语从句中,从句用should+动词原形:It ssuggestedthatthe meetingshould beput offtill nextweek.It wasorderedthatthe woundedbe sentto thefield hospitalat once.It isrequired thatstudents shouldturn offlights whenleaving classroom
4、It s necessary/important/strange/a pity/impossible/natural/no wonder+that从句,从句中要用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形It isimportant thatweshouldmaster aforeign language.It,snecessarythatweshould studyhard.
四、虚拟语气的其他用法
1.虚拟语气在状语从句中的使用as if/as though+S+did/were或had doneShe lovesthe babyas ifitwereher ownson.★They talkedas ifthey hadbeen friendsfor years.
2.It ishigh/about time+S+should+do或did我们该去睡觉了It s time thatwe wentto bed.It,stimethatweshould goto bed.
3、虚拟语气用于If only引导的感叹句中,表示“要是就好了”If onlyI were a flying bird!=How I wish Iwereaflyingbird!If onlyIhad seen the film!=How IwishIhadseenthefilm!
4、without butfor、otherwise等构成含蓄条件句,主句也用虚拟语气Without sunlight,people slife wouldbe differentfrom today.But for your help,I wouldnt havefinished thework.Without yourhelp,I wouldhave failed.But forwater,it wouldbe impossibleto liveinthedesert.
1、要是没有空气,我们就活不了.Without Butfor air,we couldnot live.
2、若无你的帮助,他会失败的Without Butfor yourhelp,he wouldfail
3、若无你的帮助,他早已失败了Without Butfor yourhelp,he wouldhave failed
4、要不是你给他的那个面包,他早就饿死了Without Butforyourbread,he wouldhave died.I wouldrather youthere too.
1、当suggest译成建议,insist译成“坚持…做.......”时,从句用should dcr・・
2、当suggest译成“表明”,insist译成“坚持认为”时,从句用适当时态
5、虚拟语气用在一些表示祝愿的句子中God blessyou!愿上帝保佑你!★May yousucceed!祝你成功!★Long livethe PeoplesRepblic ofChina!中华人民共和国万岁!
6、表示愿望,期待的虚拟语气S+wish Sdid/were If only thatS haddone2我真希望我是一只鸟.IwishIwerea bird.Tf onlyT werea bird.3我昨天买了那块手表就好了.IwishIhadbought thewatch yesterday.IfonlyIhadbought thewatch yesterday.。