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专八真题2002年TEST FORENGLISH MAJORS2002-GRADE EIGHT-PART ILISTENING COMPREHENSION[40min]In SectionsA,B andC you will heareverything ONCEONLY.Listen carefullyand thenanswer the questions thatfollow.Mark the correct responseto eachquestion on your COLOURED ANSWER SHEET.SECTION ATALK Questions1to5refer to the talkin this section.At the end of the talkyou willbe given15seconds to answer each of the following fivequestions.Now listento thetalk.
1.According to the passage,during the18th and19th centuriescities weresmall insize mainlybecause.A.the urbanpopulation was stable B.few peoplelived incities C.transport wasbackward D.it wasoriginally planned
2.Cities survivedin thosedays largelyas aresult of.A.the tradeactivities theyundertook B.the agriculturalactivities in the nearbyareas C.their relativelysmall sizeD.the non-economic rolesthey played
3.City dwellerswere engagedin all the followingeconomic activitiesEXCEPT.A.commerce B.distribution C.processing D.transportation
4.Urban peopleleft citiesfor the following reasonsEXCEPT.专八真题2002年round-the-world fare.The bottomline:for all the marketinghype,alliances arentall thingsto allpeople-but everybodycan getsome benefitout of them.
19.Which is the bestword todescribe air travellers reaction to airline alliances A.Delight.B.Indifference.C.Objection.D.Puzzlement.
20.According to the passage,setting upairlineallianceswill chieflybenefit.A.North Americanairlines and their domestic travellers.B.North Americanairlines and their foreigncounterparts.C.Asian airlines and theirforeign travellers.D.Asian airlinesand theirdomestictravellers.
21.Which of the followingis NOT a perceivedadvantage of alliances A.Baggage allowance.B.Passenger comfort.C.Convenience.D.Quality.
22.One disadvantage of alliancesforeseen bythe criticsis thatairtravelmay be more expensiveas aresult of.A.less convenienceB.higher operationcosts C.less competitionD.more joint marketing
23.According to the passage,which of the followingcategories of travellers will gain most from airlinealliances A.Travellers whofly frequentlyeconomy class.专八真题2002年B.Travellers whofly frequentlybusiness class.C.Travellers whofly occasionallyduring holidays.D.Travellers whofly economyclass oncein awhile.TEXTC It is nothingnew thatEnglish useis on the risearound the world,especially inbusiness circles.This alsohappens in France,the headquartersof the global battleagainst Americancultural hegemony.If Frenchguys aregiving into English,something reallybig must be going on.And somethingbig isgoing on.Partly,its thatAmerican hegemony.Didier Benchimol,CEO of a Frenche-commerce softwarecompany,feels compelledto speak English perfectlybecause the Internet softwarebusiness isdominated byAmericans.He and other Frenchbusinessmen alsohave to speakEnglishbecause theywant to get theirmessage outto Americaninvestors,possessors of the worldsdeepest pockets.The triumphof English in Franceand elsewherein Europe,however,may reston somethingmore enduring.As theybecome entwinedwith eachother politicallyand economically,Europeans need a wayto talkto one another and to therest of theworld.And for a number of reasons,theyve decidedupon English as theircommon tongue.So whenGerman chemicaland pharmaceuticalcompany Hoechstmerged withFrench competitorRhone-Poulenc lastyear,the companieschose thevaguely LatinateAventis as the newcompany name-and settledon English as thecompanys commonlanguage.When monetarypolicymakers fromaround Europebegan meetingat the European CentralBank inFrankfurt lastyear toset interestrates for the newEuroland,they heldtheir deliberationsin English.Even theEuropean Commission,with11official languagesand traditionallyFrench-speaking bureaucracy,effectively switchedover to English asits workinglanguage lastyear.How didthis happenOne schoolattributes English*s greatsuccess to the sheerweight of its merit.Its aGermanic language,brought toBritain around the fifth century A.D.During thefour centuriesof French-speaking rulethat followedNorman Conquestof1066,the languagemorphed intosomething elseentirely.French wordswere addedwholesale,and mostof thecomplications ofGermanic grammarwere shedwhile fewof thecomplications ofFrench were added.The resultis alanguage with a hugevocabulary and a simplegrammar that can expressmost things more efficientlythan eitherof itsparents.Whats more,English hasremained ungovernedand opento change-foreign words,coinages,and grammaticalshifts-in a way thatFrench,ruled bythe puristAcademic Francaise,had not.So itsa swelllanguage,especially for business.But the rise of English overthe pastfew centuriesclearly owesat leastas muchto historyand economicsas to the languagesability toeconomically expressthe conceptwin-win.What happenedis that the competition-first Latin,then French,then,briefly,German-faded with the waningof thepolitical,economic,and militaryfortunes of,respectively,the CatholicChurch,France,and Germany.All along,English was increasing inimportance:Britain wasthe birthplaceof theIndustrial Revolution,and London the worldsmost importantfinancial centre,which madeEnglishakey language forbusiness.专八真题2002年Englands coloniesaroundtheworld alsomade itthe languagewith the most globalreach.And asthat formercolony theU.S.rose to the status of theworlds preeminentpolitical economic,military,and culturalpower,English becamethe obvioussecond languageto learn.In the1990smore and more Europeans foundthemselves forcedto useEnglish.The lastgeneration ofbusiness andgovernment leaderswho hadn*t studiedEnglish inschool wasleaving thestage.The EuropeanCommunity was adding newmembers andevolving froma papershufflingclub into a seriousregional governmentthat wouldneedasingle commonlanguage if it wereever to get anythingdone.Meanwhile,economic barriersbetween Europeannations have been disappearing,meaning thatmoreand more companiesare beginningto look at the whole continentas theirdomestic market.And thenthe Internetcame along.The Nethad twobig impacts.One was that it was anexciting,potentially lucrativenew industrythat hadits rootsin theU.S.,so if you wantedtogetin onit,you hadtospeaksome English.The otherwasthatby surfingthe Web,Europeans whohad previouslyencountered Englishonly inschool and in popsongs werenow cominginto contactwith itdaily.None of this meansEnglish hastaken over European life.According to theEuropean Union,47%of WesternEuropeans includingthe Britishand IrishspeakEnglish wellenough tocarry on a conversation.Thafs alot more than those who canspeak German32%or French28%,but itstill meansmoreEuropeansdont speakthe language.If youwant tosell shampooor cellphones,you have to doit inFrench orGerman orSpanish orGreek.Even theU.S.and Britishmedia companiesthat stand to benefitmostfrom the spreadof Englishhave beenhedging theirbets-CNN broadcastsin Spanish;the FinancialTimes has recently launcheda dailyGerman-language edition.But justlook atwho speaksEnglish:77%of WesternEuropean collegestudents,69%of managers,and65%of thoseaged15to
24.In the secondary schoolsof theEuropeanUnion*s non-English-speaking countries,91%of studentsstudy English,all of which meansthat thetransition toEnglishasthe languageof Europeanbusiness hasntbeen allthat traumatic,and itsonly goingtogeteasier in the future.
24.In the authors opinion,what reallyunderlies the rising statusof English inFranceand Europeis.A.American dominancein theInternet softwarebusiness.B.a practicalneed foreffective communication among EuropeansC.Europeans eagernessto do business withAmerican businessmen.D.the recenttrend forforeign companiesto mergewith eachother
25.Europeans beganto favourEnglish for allthe following reasonsEXCEPT its.A.inherent linguisticproperties B.association with the businessworld C.links withthe UnitedStates专八真题2002年D.disassociation frompolitical changes
26.Which of the followingstatements forecaststhe continuousrise ofEnglishin the futureA.About halfof WesternEuropeans arenow proficientin English.B.U.S.and Britishmedia companiesare operatingin WesternEurope.C.Most secondaryschool studentsin Europestudy English.D.Most Europeanscontinue to use their own language.
27.The passagemainly examines the factorsrelated to.A.therisingstatusofEnglishinEurope B.English learningin non-English-speaking E.U.nations.C.the preferencefor Englishby Europeanbusinessmen D.the switchfrom FrenchtoEnglishin theEuropean CommissionTEXTD Ashumankind movesinto thethird millennium,it canrightfully claimto havebroken newground in its age-old questto masterthe environment.The fantasticachievements of modern technologyand thespeed atwhich scientificdiscoveries aretranslated intotechnological applicationsattest to the triumphof humanendeavour.At thesame time,however,some of these applicationsthreaten tounleash forcesover which we haveno control.In otherwords,the newtechnology Mannow believesallows himto dominatethis widercosmos couldwell be a Frankensteinmonster waitingto turnon itsmaster.This is an entirelynew situation that promisesto changemany of the perceptionsgoverning life on the planet.The mostacute challengesfacing thefuture arelikely to be notonly thosepitting managainst hisfellow man,but thoseinvolving humankindsstruggle topreserve theenvironment andensure thesustainability oflifeonearth.A conflictwaged toensure thesurvival of the humanspecies isbound tobring humanscloser together.Technological progresshas thusproved to be adouble-edged sword,giving rise to a new form of conflict:a clashbetween Man and Nature.The newconflict ismore dangerousthan thetraditional onebetween manand hisfellow man,where theprotagonists atleast shareda commonlanguage.But whenit comes to thereactions of the ecosystemsto theonslaught of modern technology,there isno commonlanguage.Nature reactswith weatherdisturbances,with stormsand earthquakes,with mutantviruses andbacteria-that is,with phenomenahaving noapparent causeand effectrelationship withthe moderntechnology thatsupposedly triggersthem.专八真题2002年As technologybecomes evermore potentand Naturereacts evermore violently,there is an urgentneed torethink howbest todeal withthe growingcontradictions betweenManandNature.For astart,the planet,and henceall itsinhabitants,must beperceived as an integralwhole,not as a dichotomousmass dividedgeographically into the richand developedand thepoor andunderdeveloped.Today,globalization encompassesthewholeworld anddeals withit as an integralunit.It isno longerpossible to say thatconflict hasshifted fromits traditionaleast-west axis toa north-south axis.The realdivide todayis betweensummit andbase,between thehigher echelonsof the international politicalstructure and its grassrootslevel,between governmentand NGOs,between stateand civilsociety,between publicand privateenterprise.The meshstructure isparticularly obviouson theInternet.While it is truethat todate theInternet seems to befavouring the most developedsectors of the internationalcommunity overthe lessdeveloped,this neednot alwaysbe thecase.Indeed,it couldeventually overcomethe disparitiesbetween theprivileged and the underdeveloped.On the other hand,the macro-world in which welive isexposed todistortions because of theunpredictable side-effects of a micro-world we do not and cannot totally control.This raisesthe needfor aglobal systemof checksand balances,for mandatoryrules andconstraints inour dealingswith Nature,in short,for a new type of vetodesigned tomanage whatis increasinglybecoming amain contradictionof ourtime:the onebetween technologyand ecology.A newtypeofinternational machinerymustbeset inplace tocope withthe newchallenges.We needa newlookat the harnessingof scientificdiscoveries,to maximizetheir positiveeffects for the promotion of humanityas awhole andto minimizetheir negativeeffects.We needan authoritywith veto powers toforbid practicesconducive todecreasing theozone hole,the propagationof AIDS,global warming,desertification-an authoritythat willtackle suchglobal problems.There should be nodiscontinuity in theglobalmachinery responsiblefor worldorder.The UNinitspresent formmay fallfar shortof whatis requiredofit,and itmay beundemocratic anddetrimental tomost citizensin theworld,but itsabsence wouldbe worse.And sowe have to holdonto the internationalorganization evenas wepush forwardfor itscomplete restructuring.Our besthope wouldbe that the functions of the present UnitedNations aregradually takenover bythe newmachinery of vetopowerrepresenting genuinedemocratic globalization.
28.The mentionof Mansvictory overNature at the beginningof the passage isto highlightA.a newformofconflict B.Mans creativepowers.C.the role ofmoderntechnology专八真题2002年D.Mans ground-breaking work.
29.According to the passage,which is NOTaresponsibility of the proposedinternational authorityA.Monitoring effectsof scientificdiscoveries.B.Dealing withworldwide environmentalissues.C.Vetoing humanattempts toconquer Nature.D.Authorizing effortsto improvehuman health.
30.When commentingon the present roleof theUN,the authorexpresses his.A.dissatisfaction B.disillusionment C.objection D.doubt SECTION B SKIMMINGSCANNING[W In thissection there areseven passageswith tenmultiple-choice questions.Skim orscan themas required and then mark your answers on your COLOUREDANSWER SHEET.TEXTE First read the following question.
31.What isthemostappropriate topicof the following passage A.Strikes.B.Pensions.C.Retirement Ages.D.Government decisions.Now go through TEXTE quickly and answer the question.In additionto thenational socialsecurity system,17special pension schemes areamong thesocial advantagesthat governmentemployees arenot preparedto giveup.Under thenational scheme,retirement is at the ageof65,whereas the special schemesoffer专八真题2002年retirement at55or even
50.Most of the pensionschemes arein theredandhave to be toppedup bythe state.The totalstate contributionin1994was F125billion$25billion.The primeminister sayshe wantsto keep the specialschemes.There arethree solutionsfor keepingthem afloat:lengthening thecontribution period,increasing contributions,or reducingthe pensionspaid out.The governmentchose the first solutionin theplan thatit announcedon November
15.Private sectoremployees wererequired in1993to contributefor40instead of
37.5years,in order to qualifyforafull pension.State employeescould stillretire after
37.5years serviceprovided theyhad reachedtheagelimit.The primeministers announcementtouched off strikes on the railways,Pariss transportservices andgovernment departments.Facing increasingopposition tothis proposal,the primeminister saidon December5that workingmore yearswould nolonger bea conditionfor reformingthe specialpensionschemes.A governmentcommission thatwill examinepensions will,however,be freeto proposechanges in the retirement age incertain professions.But itwill takeinto consideration the hardshipsinvolved in the workand theconstraints ofworking hours.At themoment,the minimumretirement ageis60-asin the privatesector before1983-for65percent ofpublic serviceemployees.It is55,or even50,for35per centof employeesconsidered tobe doingwork involvingspecial risksor exceptionalfatigue
11.Primary schoolteachers canretire at55,but thelimit fornew,better qualifiedrecruits is
60.Postal workersat sortingoffices canretire at
55.The retiringageforpolice officersis50,prison officers50,nurses55,and railwaymen50and55for others.The30,000employees of the ParisMetro have an averageretirementageof
53.Two-thirds of the activeemployees andthose workingin conditionsthatcandamage healthin thepublic gas and electricutility retire at
55.Retirement agefor notary*s clerksis55for women,and60for men.For miners,retirement isat
55.Comparing thenational pensionscheme and thespecialschemes is not easy,because stateemployees receivebonuses-some of them substantial-which arenot includedin calculatingtheir contributionsor theirpensions.TEXTF First read the following question.
32.In the following passagethe authorintends to.A.explain howthe Gulf Stream isformed B.compare global warming withglobal coolingC.explain thecomposition of the seacurrents专八真题2002年D.deliver awarning of a comingice ageNow gothrough TEXTF quicklyand answer the question.It seems obvious thattrapping moreofthesun!s heatwill maketheplanethotter.But what seemsobviousisnt alwaystrue.According tosome respectedscientists,there isa chancethat globalwarming couldplunge usinto,of allthings,an iceage.The argumenthinges on the GulfStream,the oceancurrent thatbrings warmsurface waternorth andeast andheats Europe.As ittravels,some ofthe waterevaporates;whats leftis saltierand thusdenser.Eventually thedense surfacewater sinksto thesea bottom,where itflows backsouthward.And then,near theequator,warm,fresh waterfrom tropicalrivers andrain dilutesthe saltonce again,allowing thewater toriseto the surface,warm upand beginflowing northagain.But withglobalwarming,melting icefrom Greenland and theArctic Oceancould pumpfresh waterinto theNorth Atlantic;so couldthe increasedrainfall bepredicted fornorthern latitudesin awarmer world.Result:the GulfStreams waterwouldnt getsaltier after all andwouldnt sinkso easily.Without adequatere-supply,the southerlyunderwater currentwould stop,and the GulfStreamwould inturn beshut off.If thathappens,Europe willget verycold.Rome is,after all,at thesame latitudeas Chicago,and Parisis aboutas farnorth asNorth Dakota.More snowwill fall,and thebright snowcover willreflect moreofthesun*s energyback intospace,making lifeeven chillier.Beyond that,theGulfStream istied intoother oceancurrents,and shuttingit downcould rearrangethings in awaythat wouldcause lessoverall evaporation.Worst of all,the expertsbelieve,such changescould comeon with astonishing speed-perhaps within a decadeor less.And whilewe mighthave agreat dealof troubleadjusting toa climatethat gets2℃warmer overthe nextcentury,an iceage bymid-century wouldbe unimaginablydevastating.The lingeringuncertainty aboutwhether ourrelentless productionof greenhousegases will keep heatingour planetor ultimatelycool itsuggests thatwe shouldmake abetter effortto leavethe earthsthermostat alone.TEXTG Firstread the following question.
33.What isthe main theme ofthe following passageA.Strengths of paper booksoverE-books.B.Projected extinctionof paperbooks.C.Market prospectsofE-books.D.The historyofpaperbooks.Now gothrough TEXTG quicklyand answer thequestion.Experts predict that theprinted paperand gluebook willbe renderedobsolete byelectronic text专八真题2002年delivery systems,of whichone,the MicrosoftReader,is alreadyon themarket,offering bookonapocket PCmanufactured byHewlett-Packard.This is not impossible;already much ofthewritten communicationthat used tobehandled byletters,newspapers andmagazines hasshifted tocomputer screensandto the vastdigital libraryavailable overtheInternet.If theworst comestrue andthe paperbook joinsthe papyrusscroll andparchment codexin extinction,we willmiss,I predict,a numberof thingsabout it.The bookas furniture.Shelved rowsof bookswarm andbrighten thestarkest room.By bedsideand easychair,books promisea cozy,swift andsilent releasefrom thisworld into another.For easeof accessand speedof storage,books aretough tobeat.The bookas sensualpleasure.Smaller thana breadbox,bigger thana TVremote,the averagebook fitsinto thehuman handwithaseductive nestling,a kissof texture,whether ofcover cloth,glazed jacketor flexiblepaperback.The weightcan reston thelittle fingeroftheright handfor hourswithout strain,while thethumb holdsthe pagesopen andthe fingersoftheother handturn them.The rectangularblock oftype,a productof fiveandahalf centuriesof printerslore,yields todecipherment sogently thatone isscarcely awareofthedifference betweenimmersing oneselfin animaginary worldand scanningthe furnitureof one!s ownroom.The bookas souvenir.Ones collectioncomestosymbolize thecontents ofones mind.Books readin childhood,in yearningadolescence,at college and in the firstself-conscious yearsof adulthoodtravel along,often,with readersas theymove fromhouse tohouse.My motherscollege textssat untouchedin acorner of our countrybookcase.The bulkof myown collegebooks are still withme,rarely consultedbut alwaysthere,reminders ofmoments,of stages,in apilgrimage.The decadessince addtheir owndrifts andstrata ofvolumes read or halfreadorintended tobe read.Books preserve,daintily,the redolenceof theirfirst reading-this beach,that apartment,that summerafternoon,this flightto Indonesia.Books asballast.As moversandthemoved bothknow,books areheavy freight,the weightof refrigeratorsand sofasbroken upinto cardboardboxes.They makeus thinktwice aboutchanging addresses.How manyaging coupleshave decided to stayput because they cantimagine whatto dowiththebooks How many divorceshave beenforestalled bylove ofthe jointlyacquired libraryBooks holdour beamsdown.They actas counterweightto ourfickle andflighty natures.In comparison,any electronictext deliverydevice wouldlack substance.Further,speaking ofobsolescence,it wouldbe outdatedinayear andwithin15years asinoperable asmy formerlytreasured Wangword processorfrom themid-80fs.Electronic equalsimmaterial.Without books,we mightmelt into the airwaves,and bejust anotherset ofblips.TEXTH Firstread the following question.
34.The passageintends primarilyto insome Asiancities.A.explain howporters work专八真题2002年B.introduce top-end eateriesC.provide adviceon tippingD.describe howtaxis are metered Now gothrough TEXT Hquicklyand answer thequestion.Its difficultto determinewhat constitutesan appropriatetip in any country.In Japan,if youleave acouple ofcoins on the table,the waiteris liable to chaseafter youto returnyour forgottenchange.In New York,on theother hand,if youleave less than15%,your reservationmight nothold upnext time.Asia,with itsmultiplicity of cultures andcustoms,isa particularly difficultterrain.To makeyour nexttrip alittle easier,here*saguide totipping across the region:HONG KONGTipping isde rigueurin thismoney-mad metropolisat all but thelowest establishments.Even bathroomsin poshhotels havelittle dishesfor loosechange.Restaurants:Most placesautomatically adda10%service chargeto thebill,but thesurcharge oftenends upin thepocket ofthe owner,not thestaff kitty.If theservice is good,add another10%tothebill,up toHK$100if youfveinanespecially nicerestaurant.Porters:HK$10should doit atallbutthe nicesthotels wherea crispHK$20bill maybe moreacceptable.Taxis:Round up tothenearest dollar,although manydrivers willdo thison their own whenmaking change.MANILA Tippingis commonin Manila,and anythingabove10%willgainyou undyingloyalty.Restaurants:Even ifa service charge isincluded,custom dictatesadding another5%~10%tothebill.Porters:Service intop hotelsisgoodand should be rewardedwith20pesos perbag.Taxis:Most cabsaremetered,and roundinguptothe nextfive pesosisagood ruleof thumb.SEOUL Tippingisnotpart ofKorean culture,although ithas becomea matterof coursein internationalhotels wherea10%service chargeis oftenadded.Restaurants:If you re ata Koreanbarbecue joint,theres noneed toadd anythingextra.But asleek Italianrestaurant mayrequire a10%contribution.Porters:If youreata top-end hotel,international standardsapply,so expectto give500~1,000专八真题2002年A.more economicopportunities B.a freersocial andpolitical environmentC.more educationalopportunities D.a morerelaxed religiousenvironment
5.Why didthe earlycities failto growas quicklyas expectedthroughout the18thcenturyA.Because thecountryside attractedmore people.B.Because citiesdid notincrease innumber.C.Because thefunctionsofthe citieschanged.D.Because the numberofcity peoplewasstable.SECTIONBINTERVIEW Questions6to10are basedon aninterview.At the end ofthe interviewyou willbe given15seconds toanswer eachofthe following fivequestions.Now listentotheinterview.
6.According toJanet,the factorthat wouldmost affectnegotiations is.A.English languageproficiency.B.different culturalpractices C.different negotiationtasks D.theinternationalAmericanized style
7.Janets attitudetowards theAmericanized style,asamodel forbusiness negotiationsis A.supportive B.negative C.ambiguous D.cautious
8.Which ofthefollowingcan NOTbe seenasa difference betweenBrazilian andAmerican negotiators专八真题2002年won perbag.Taxis:Drivers dontexpect atip,so unlessyourefeeling remarkablygenerous,keepthechange foryourself.SINGAPORE Accordingto governmentmandate in the LionCity,tipping isa no-no.Its basicallyoutlawed atChangi Airportand officialsencourage touristsnottoadd tothe10%servicechargethat manyhigh-end hotelsadd ontothebill.Porters:Hotel staffare theone exceptiontotheno-tipping rule.As ageneral guide,S$1shouldbeadequate forbaggage-lugging service.Taxis:Drivers dontexpect tipping,but theywon*t refuseif youwant toround upthe faretothenext Singaporeandollar.TEXT IFirstread thefollowing questions.
35.If youwant tosee aperformance bythe BeijingPeking Opera Theatre,which phonenumber wouldyou ringA.6841-
9283.B.6848-
5462.C.6301-
6688.D.6523-
3320.
36.Supposing you have somefree timeafter7pm onJuly1st,which performanceor exhibitioncan yougo toA.Traditional Chinese music.B.Chinese modern operas.C.Peking Opera.D.Lao Dao*srecent paintings.Now gothrough TEXTI quicklyand answerthe questions.WHAT SON CONCERTSNew concert hall:The movietheatre ofthe NationalLibrary ofChina has been turnedintoa专八真题2002年concerthallafter monthsof renovation.The Guotu Concert Hallwill opentothepublic for the firsttime onJune
30.After theopening ceremony,the China National Song and Dance Theatre willpresent highlightsof Chinese modernoperasfrom thepast50years.Programme:excerpts fromChinesemodernoperas includingThe White-haired Girl,Red Rocks1andmore.Time:7:30pm,June30Place:Guotu ConcertHall at the NationalLibrary ofChina Tel:6841-9283Chinesemusic:The TraditionalBand ofChinaNationalSongandDanceTheatrewill performtraditional Chinesemusic,under LiuWenjin,composer anddirector ofthe theatre.Programme:Butterfly Lovers,Moonlight Reflectedon NumberTwo Spring,The Nightis Deep1*andothertraditional pieces.Time:7:30pm,July1〜2Place:GuotuConcertHall atthe NationalLibrary ofChina Tel:6848-5462EXHIBITIONS One-man show:Lao Daois presentinghis mostrecentpaintingsattheWanfung Gallery.Titled Spanningthe Space*,the exhibitionfeatures about30works createdfrom syntheticmaterials.The paintingsare composedof mottledancient doorswith fadedcouplets pastedon them,leading theviewers intoancient storieshidden behindthe door.Time:9am〜5pm untilJuly1st Place:136Nanchizi Dajie,Dongcheng DistrictTel:6523-3320Charm of ink:The HuangshichengGallery ishosting asolo showofink-and-colour paintingsby veterancalligrapher andpainter QinTang.More than just visuallyappealing,Qins workimpresses theviewer withits vividnessand simplicity.Time:9am〜5pm untilJuly5th Place:Nanchizi Dajie,Dongcheng DistrictTel:6528-9103专八真题2002年STAGE PekingOpera:The Liyuan Theatre presentstraditional PekingOpera excerptsin shortprogrammes forforeign audiencesand inoriginal styles.With anexplanation inEnglish,the performancesare from the BeijingOperaTheatre.Time:7:30pm July3〜5Place:LiyuanTheatre,Qianmen JianguoHotel,Xuanwu DistrictTel:6301-6688TEXT JFirstreadthefollowingquestions.
37.Whos theauthor ofCulture/Metaculture A.Linda Anderson.B.Peter Childs.C.Adam Roberts.D.Francis Mulhern.
38.Which ofthefollowingbooks drawson casestudies A.Modernism.B.Science Fiction.C.Autobiography.D.Culture/Metaculture.Now gothrough TEXTJ quicklyand answerthe questions.Autobiography Linda Anderson,University ofNewcastle,UK Thiswide-ranging introduction tothestudy of autobiography offersa historicaloverview of autobiographical writingfrom StAugustine tothepresentday.LindaAndersonfollows theimportant developmentsin autobiographicalcriticism inthe lastthirty years,paying particularattention topsychoanalytic,post-structuralist andfeminist approaches.This volume:•outlines themain theoreticalissues andconcepts ofthis difficultarea专八真题2002年•looks atthe differentforms fromconfessions tonarratives tomemoirs todiaries•considers themajor writersofthishistorical tradition.Culture/Metaculture FrancisMulhern,Middlesex University,UK Culture/Metaculture isa stimulatingintroductiontothe meaningsofculture1in contemporaryWestern society.This essentialsurvey examines:•culture asan antidoteto massmodernity,inthework ofThomas Mann,Julien Benda,Karl Mannheimand F.R.Leavis•post-war theories of popularculture andtheriseof CulturalStudies,paying particularattention tothe keyfigures ofRaymond Williamsand StuartHall•theoriesofmetaculture”,orthe ways inwhich culture,however defined,speaks ofitself.Modernism Peter Childs,Cheltenham andGloucester Collegeof HigherEducation,UK Withits battlecry ofMake itNew”,the modernistmovement shookthe foundationsofthelate nineteenth-and earlytwentieth-century literaryestablishment.Modernism offersan outstandinganalysis ofthis literaryand culturalrevolution.PeterChildsimmensely readableaccount:•details theorigins ofthe modernistmovement andthe influenceof thinkerssuch asDarwin,Marx,Freud,Nietzsche,Saussure andEinstein•explores theradical changeswhich occurredintheliterature,drama,art andfilm ofthe period•traces Hmodernism atwork1inthewriting ofJoyce,Woolf,Mansfield,Forster,Yeats,Ford,Eliot,Beckett andother keyliterary figures.Science FictionAdam Roberts,Royal Holloway,University ofLondon,UK ScienceFiction is one ofthemostvigorous andexciting areasofmodernculture,ranging fromground-breaking novelsof ideasto blockbusterson thecinema screen.This outstandingvolume offersa clearand criticallyengaged accountofthephenomenon.Adam Roberts:•provides aconcise historyof science fiction andthewaysinwhichthe genrehasbeendefined•examinestheinteractions betweensciencefictionand sciencefact•anchors eachchapter witha casestudy drawnfrom shortstory,book orfilm,from FrankHerberts Duneto BarrySonnenfelds Menin Black.专八真题2002年TEXTK Firstreadthefollowingquestions.
39.What areCookies*inthefollowingpassageA.Computer data.B.Shopping habits.C.Websites.D.Passwords.
40.Howmanypieces ofadvice areoffered bytheauthor to protectonline shoppersprivacy A.
1.B.
2.C.
3.D.
4.NowgothroughTEXTK quicklyandanswerthe questions.We allenjoy alittle extra-special everynow andthen,whether itsa primetable atour favouriterestaurant oran upgradeonthatlong flightacross thePacific.Being recognizedmakes usfeel valued-and were morelikely to dobusinesswith someone who takesthe timeto gothat extramile.E-commerce sitesknow this,and theyre doingeverything theycan tocreate personalizedenvironments sowell want to spendmoney online.How Byemploying cookies.Cookies arebits ofdata storedonyourcomputers harddrive when you visita website.They canonly be read bythe sitethat setsthem.Companies usethem tostore informationabout you andtotrack yourbehaviour onaparticularwebsite and,of course,your shoppinghabits.Cookies helpcompanies personalizetheir websites.This ishow an online bookstoreknows youreyou,or howa newswebsite knowsto showyou headlinesfrom yourhometown.Retailers usecookies topromote productsthey thinkyou mightlike orto targetads thatyou mightfind appealing.Cookies alsorecord userIDs andpasswords soyou donthave tolog ineach timeyou visita site.Cookies,however,haveadarker sidetoo,and allkinds ofprivacy issueslurk atevery bend.On their own,cookies aregenerally harmless,if mildlyintrusive.One potentialproblem,though,crops upwhen youenter personalinformation ona survey.This can be easilylinked upwith cookiesabout yoursurfing habitandthewebsite knowspretty mucheverything there isto know aboutyou.Often thisinformation isused simplyto showyouanadvertisement fora productyou mightwant to buy.But privacyadvocates worrythat thisinformation couldbe misused.专八真题2002年Heres whatyou cando asanonlineshopper toprotect yourprivacy:•Accept onlycookies thatget sentback tothe originatingserver.But MicrosoftExplorer andNetscape Communicatoroffer thisoption.•Shop onlywith sitesthat postonline privacypolicies.•Be carefulabout whatsort ofinformation yougive outin surveys.•Set upa secondaryprofile usingan anonymouse-mail accountand bogusID.Its clandestine,but youllsurf withgreater anonymity.Of course,whenyouactually wanttobuysomething youllhaveto give outyour realname andaddress.试卷二(120min)PART IVTRANSLATION[60min]SECTION ACHINESE TOENGLISH Translatethefollowingtext intoEnglish.Write yourtranslation on ANSWER SHEETTHREE.大自然对人的恩赐,无论贫富,一律平等所以人们对于大自然全部一致并深深地依赖着尤其在乡间,上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着种植庄稼和葡萄,酿酒和饮酒,喂牛和挤奶,锄草和栽花;在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜,在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园这样,每个地方都有自己的传说,风俗也就衍传了下来SECTION8ENGLISH TOCHINESE Translatethefollowingunderlined part ofthetext intoChinese.Write yourtranslation onANSWER SHEETTHREE.The wordwinner andloser”have manymeanings.When werefer toa personasa winner,wedo not meanonewhomakes someoneelse lose.To us,awinnerisonewho respondsauthentically bybeing credible,trustworthy,responsive,and genuine,both asan individualand asa member ofasociety.Winners do not dedicatetheir livestoaconcept ofwhat theyimagine theyshouldbe;rather,they are themselves andas suchdo notuse theirenergy puttingonaperformance,maintaining pretenceand manipulatingothers.They areaware thatthere isadifferencebetween beingloving andacting loving,between beingstupid andacting stupid,between beingknowledgeable andacting knowledgeable.Winners donot need to hidebehind amask.Winners arenot afraidto dotheirownthinking andtousetheirownknowledge.They canseparate factsfrom opinionsand dontpretend to have allthe answers.They listento others,evaluate whatthey say,but cometo theirown conclusions.Although winnerscan admireand respectother people,they arenot totallydefined,demolished,bound,or awedby them.专八真题2002年Wirmers donot playhelpless”,nor dothey playthe blaminggame.Instead,they assumeresponsibility for theirownlives.PART VWRITING[60min]All of us wouldagree thatin ordertobesuccessful inthepresent-day society,we university graduates haveto possesscertain personalqualities thatcan enableus torealize ouraim.What doyou thinkisthemost importantpersonal qualityofauniversitygraduateWrite acomposition ofabout300words onthefollowingtopic:THE MOSTIMPORTANT PERSONALQUALITY OFA UNIVERSITYSTUDENT In thefirstpartofyour writingyou shouldpresent yourthesis statement,and inthe secondpart you should supportthe thesisstatement withappropriate details.In thelast partyoushouldbring whatyouhavewritten toa naturalconclusion ora summary.Marks willbe awardedfor content,organization,grammar andappropriateness.Failure to follow theabove instructionsmay result inaloss ofmarks.Write yourcomposition onANSWER SHEETFOUR.专八真题2002年专八真题2002年A.Americans preparemore pointsbefore negotiations.B.Americans aremore straightforwardduring negotiations.C.Brazilians prefermore eyecontact duringnegotiations.D.Brazilians seekmore backgroundinformation.
9.Which groupof peopleseems tobe themost straightforwardA.The British.B.Germans.C.Americans.D.Not mentioned.
1.Which ofthefollowingis NOTcharacteristic ofJapanese negotiatorsA.Reserved.B.Prejudiced.C.Polite.D.Prudent.SECTION CNEWS BROADCASTQuestion11is basedonthefollowing news.At the end ofthe newsitem,you willbe given15seconds toanswerthequestion.Now listentothe news.
11.The newsitem ismainly about.A.a callfor researchpapers tobereadattheconference B.an international conference ontraditional Tibetanmedicine C.the numberof participantsattheconference and their nationalitiesD.the preparationsmade bythe sponsorsfortheinternationalconferenceQuestions12and13are basedonthefollowing news.At theend ofthe newsitem,you willbe given30seconds toanswerthequestions.专八真题2002年Now listentothenews.
12.The newsitem mainlyconcerns in Hong Kong.A.Internet centres.B.an IBMseminar C.e-government D.broadcasting
13.The aimsofthe three policyobjectives includeallthefollowing EXCEPT.A.improvement ofgovernment efficiencyB.promotionofe-commerce C.integration ofservice deliveryD.formulation ofDigital21Strategy Questions14and15are basedonthefollowing news.At theend ofthenewsitem,you willbe given30seconds toanswerthequestions.Now listentothenews.
14.Which ofthefollowingrecords wasthesecondbest timeofthe year byDonovan BaileyA.
9.
98.B.
9.
80.C.
9.
91.D.
9.
95.
15.The recordshows thatBailey was.A.still sufferingfrom aninjury B.getting backin shapeC.unable tocompete withGreene D.less confidentthan beforeSECTION PNOTE-TAKINGAP-FIUJNC专八真题2002年In thissection youwill heara mini-lecture.You willhear thelecture ONLYONCE.While listeningtothelecture,take notesontheimportant points.Your noteswill notbe marked,but youwill needthem tocomplete a15-minute gap-filling taskonANSWERSHEET ONEafter themini lecture.Use the blank sheetfor note-taking.Fill ineachofthe gapswith ONEword.You mayrefer to your notes.Make surethe word you fillin isboth grammaticallyand semanticallyacceptable.Study Activitiesin UniversityIn orderto helpcollegeanduniversity studentsintheprocess oflearning,four keystudy activitieshave beendesigned andusedtoencourage them to makeknowledge theirown.
1.Essay writing:central focusof universitywork esp.inthehumanities,e.g.[1benefits:1helping toselect interestingcontent inbooks andto expressunderstanding.2enabling teachersto knowprogress andto offer-------Z----.---2---3familiarizing studentswith examforms.
2.Seminars andclassroom discussion:another formto internalizeknowledge inspecialized contexts.Benefits:1------3---enables youtoknowthe effectivenessof andothers responsetoyour speech immediately.-------2Within thesame periodof time,more topicscanbedealt withthan in4■,•3The useofabroader rangeof knowledgeis encouraged.--------
3.Individual tutorials:a substitutefor groupdiscussion.Format:from teacher-----------to flexibleconversation.Benefit:encouraging ideasand interaction.--------
16.On role-playing,thepassageseemstoindicate thatchairman.A.talks asmuch asparticipants B.is usuallya constanttalker11C.prefers to take theroleofan observerD.is frequentlyoutshone byparticipants
17.Which ofthefollowingisNOTa distinctcharacteristic ofthethreetypes ofparticipants A.Submissiveness.B.Stubbornness.C.Disobedience.D.Lack offocus.
18.The passagesuggests thatafalseconsensus wasreached attheendofameeting inordertoA.make roomfor anothermeeting B.bring anillusory senseof achievementC.highlight theimportance ofameetingD.go aheadwiththeagreed programmeTEXTB Cooperativecompetition.Competitive cooperation.Confused Airlinealliances havetravellers scratchingtheir headsover whafsgoingonintheskies.Some folksview alliancesasablessing totravellers,offering seamless travel,reduced faresand enhancedfrequent-flyer benefits.Others seea conspiracyof bigbusinesses,causing decreasedcompetition,increased faresand fewerchoices.Whatever youropinion,theres noescaping airlinealliances:the marketinghype isunrelenting,with eachofthetwo mega-groupings,Oneworld andStar Alliance,promoting itselfasthebest choicefor alltravellers.And,even ifyou turnaway fromtheir ads,chances arethey willfigure in any ofyour travelplans.By theendoftheyear,Oneworld andStar Alliancewill between them controlmorethan40%ofthetraffic inthe sky.Some punditspredictthatfigure willbemorelike75%in10years.But why,after yearsof oftenferocious competition,have airlinesdecidedtoband togetherLets justsay thetiming ismutually convenient.North Americanairlines,having exhaustedall means专八真题2002年of earningcustomer loyaltyat home,havebeenlooking forways toreach outto foreignflyers.Asian carriersarestillhurting fromthe region-wide economicdownturn thatbegan twoyears ago-just whensome ofthe airlineswere takingdelivery ofnew aircraft.Alliances alsoallow carriersto cutcosts andincrease profitsby poolingmanpower resourcesontheground ratherthan eachairline maintainingits ownground crewand code-sharing-the practiceof twopartners sellingtickets andoperating onlyone aircraft.So alliances are terrificfor airlines-but arethey goodforthepassenger Absolutely,say the airlines:think ofthe lounges,the jointFFP frequent flyer programmebenefits,the round-the-world fares,andtheglobal servicenetworks.Then theresthe promiseof“seamless travel:the abilityto,say,travel fromSingapore toRome toNewYorkto Riode Janeiro,all onone ticket,without havingto waithours forconnections orworry aboutyour bags.Sounds utopianPeter Buecking,Cathay Pacific^director ofsales andmarketing,thinks thatseamless travelis stillevolving.Its fairtosaythat theselinks areonly intheir infancy.The keyto seamlessnessrests ininfrastructure andinformation sharing.Were workingon this.Henry Ma,spokesperson forStar AllianceinHongKong,lists someoftheother benefitsfor consumers:n Globaltravellers havean easiertime makingconnections andplanning theiritineraries.H Maclaims alliancesalso assurepassengers consistentservice standards.Critics ofalliances saythe much-touted benefitstotheconsumer aremostly pieinthesky,that alliancesare allabout reducingcosts fortheairlines,rationalizing servicesand runningjointmarketingprogrammes.Jeff Blyskal,associate editorof ConsumerReports magazine,says thepromotional ballyhooover alliancesis muchado aboutnothing.n Idon*tseemuchofa gainfor consumers:alliancesarejust amarketing gimmick.And asfar asseamlesstravelgoes,Ill believeit whenI seeit.Most airlinescant evenget theirown connectionsunder control,let alonecoordinate withanother airline.H Blyskalbelieves allianceswill ultimatelyresultindecreased flightchoices andincreased costsfor consumers.Instead oftwo airlinescompeting andeach operatinga flightonthesame routeat70%capacity,the alliedpair willshare theroute andrun onefull flight.Since fewerseats willbe available,passengers willbe obligedto paymore fortickets.The truthabout alliancesandtheirmerits probablylies somewherebetweenthetravel utopiapresented bythe playersandtheevil empiresportrayed bytheir critics.And howmuch theyaffect youdepends onwhat kindoftravelleryou are.Those whovealready made the elitegrade inthe FFPofamajor airlinestand tobenefit themost whenit joinsan alliance:then theyenjoy the FFP perksand advantageson anyand allofthemember carriers.For example,ifyoureaMarco PoloClub goldmemberofCathay Pacific*s AsiaMiles FFP,youwillautomatically betreated asa valuablecustomer byall membersof Oneworld,ofwhichCathay Pacificisamember-even ifyouve neverflown withthem before.For thosewho haventmadethetop gradeinanyFFP,alliances might beaway ofsimplifying theearning offrequentflyermiles.For example,I belongto UnitedAirlines MileagePlus andgenerally fly lessthan25,000miles ayear.But Iearn mileswith everyflight Itake onStar Alliancemember-All NipponAirways andThai Airways.If youflylessthan Ido,you mightbe smarterto stayout oftheFFPgame altogether.Hunt forbargains whenbooking flightsand youmightbeabletosave enoughtotakethat extratrip anyway.The onlyreal benefitinfrequent flyerscan drawfrom analliance isan inexpensive。