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2022年大学英语考试考前冲刺卷二(本卷共分为1大题50小题,作答时间为180分钟,总分100分,60分及格)单位姓名考号题号单选题多项选择判断题综合题总分分值得分
一、单项选择题(共50题,每题2分每题的备选项中,只有一个最符合题意)
1.He showedhow stubbornhe was by doing it in his ownway andrefusing to Ii stento adv i ce0A.他通过自行其事来显示他是多么顽固不化,并且他还拒绝听取别人的忠告B.他拒绝听取别人的劝告,只照自己的方式去做这件事,表现得很顽固C.他拒绝别人的忠告,并以自己的方式行事,以此来显示他的顽固D.他按自己的方式来做这件事,以此来表现自己的顽固和拒听忠告
2.The Success of thiscar shows the importance of gooddesign inhelping tosell theDroduct()A.这种汽车的优点在于它精良的设计对于打开销路十分重要B.这种汽车的畅销表明精美的图案对于打开销路的重要性C.这种汽车的成功之处表明图案对于打开销路功不可没D.这种汽车的畅销表明精良的设计对于打开销路的重要性
3.Thus far,there is Ii ttIeev i dence tosuggest thattechno IogywiI Ireduce inequality;indeed itmay onlyintensify inequality.Technology i s costI y and it is genera I lyi mposs ible to i ntroduceadvances toeveryone at the sametime.So whogets this access firstAs wetravel furtherand furtheralong theelectronic frontierthrough advancessuch aste I ecommut i ng(在家办公)and theInternet,the poormay bei so I atedfrom mainstreamsociety in an quot;information ghetto(贫民窟)who I Iy uselessto attemptto des i gnmeans bywhich theforefather(祖先)of thepresent rA.Y B.N C.NG
19.Origin ofVegetabIe andAnimal Lifein AmericaWhen thenew worId was f i rst discovered,it was found to be,I ike the old,ful I of plants and animals,and a great manytribes andnations of men I ived there.Yet the plants and animals,if not the men,were al I essentially different from thoseknown in the old world.This wasunexpected;it was thought to be quiteremarkabIe.Then aquestion arose,what is the origin of these plants and animals and menHow couldthey come to acontinent that is cutoff apparently from al I intercourse(交流)and connection with the rest of the worldFor the American continentis entirelyseparated from the old.The nearestapproach to it is at Behring sStraits(白令海峡),on thenorth-west,where it is dividedfrom theAsiatic continentby achannel aboutforty mileswide.Means ofCommun i cat i on with the OldWorId Some animals and perhaps some plants,and mostcertainly men,may besupposed to have beentransported acrosssuch achanne Iof water as this of Behr ing s Straits,either byboats madeby the savages I iving on the coasts,or possiblyby meansof iceat some time when the whole channe I was enti relyfrozen over.There i s a I so at some d i stance south of Behri ng s Stra i ts a remarkab I echa in of isl ands,cal led the AI eut i an Islands(阿留申群岛),which extend in a regular andcontinuous I ine from the Americanto theAsiatic shore.These islands are volcanic.They contain now numerousvolcanoes,some active and somedead.They bearno trees,but theyproduce agreat variety of animals.They look,upon themap,I ike a rowof stepping stones,pIaced onpurpose toenable men and animals from the old worldto make their way to thenew.These isIands are nearly al I inhabited,and thenatives navigate(航海)the seas around them in boats made of a frame-work ofwood orbone,covered externally w i th sea I skins.It isperhaps poss ible toi mag i ne a I so that a company of men might have been forced accidentaI Iy to sea in some large canoe from the coast of Africa,or on the otherside fromsome of the islandsof thePacific,and landedupon the American shores.It istrue that it would be exceed i ngIy improbable that anysuch comb i nat i onof circumstanceswould occuras couldlead tosuch a result.The canoeor boatmust have been very large,the stockof provisionsvery great.The windmust nothave beenviol entenough toengulf(吞没)the boat and muststill haveblown verylong andvery steadiIy to havecarried a company ofmen sofar beforethey al I perished of hunger and thirst.Al Ithis wouIdhave been very improbabIe.Still it wouId bedifficult to show that it could not occur.From thehundreds andperhaps thousandsof boatsful Iof savagesthat have been blownoff to sea from the coastsof Africa,or from the SouthSea IsIands,it wouId be impossible to provepositiveIy that there couldnever have been onethat by any chancecould have reached the American shores.There isstill anothermode bywhich wecan imaginethe animaland vegetabIeI ife of Amer ica to have beencommunicated toit from other regions,and thatis,by supposing that there was informer agessome directconnection betweenthe twocontinents by a tractof landwhich hassince becomesubmerged(淹没的).It iswell knownnow that the crustof the earth is not in a stab I econdition.It i s subject tochanges andmovements ofvarious kinds,which are now goingforward al I thetime,and haveprobably a I ways been goingforward.In somep I aces the land isslowly rising;in othersit isslowly subsiding(下沉).There aremany p I aces in the world wheretowns andcities whichformerly stood high and dry on theland are now under water.The land has slowly subsided,so that the seaat thepresent timeflows overit,and peopIepassing in boats nowlook downand seethe oldfoundations,and fragmentsof thef a I I en wa I Is andco I umns,at thebottom.The PI ants andAnimals of Amer i ca GenerallyNew These and variousother similartheories weredevised informer timesin endeavorsto contri vesome wayof bringing p I ants and animals fromother countries to America.But theyhave beengenerally consideredunsatisfactory,since whenpeopIe examinedthe plants and animals Iiving here,they werefound to be,as it seemed,essentially different from thosefound inother countries,so differentthat theycould everbe descendedfrom the same stock(祖先,血统),at leastby ordinarygeneration.The fauna(动物群)and the flora(植物)were bothfound to be in general essentially dissimi lar.The florais itssystem of plants.By the fauna of a country is meantthe system of animalsthat inhabit it.With a moderate number of exceptionssuch as these,however,the plants and animalsfound in America provedon examinationto beentirely new.Sov since both the fauna and the flora of America were so essentially differentfrom those of the old world,it seemed to bewho I Iy uselessto attemptto desi gnmeans bywhich theforefather(祖先)of thepresent rA.Y B.N C.NG
20.Research on friendship hasestab Ii shed a number of facts,some interesting,even useful.Did you know that the averagestudent has5〜6friends,or that a friendwho waspreviously anenemy isI ikedmore thanone whohas a I ways been on theright sideWouId you be I ieve that physical ly attractive individuals are preferred as friends to those less comely,and isit fai r that physically attractive defendants are less IikeIy to be found guiIty in court Unfortunately,such titbitsdon ttel Ius muchmore about the natureor thepurpose of friendship.In fact,studies offr i endship seemto imp I icatemore comp I ex factors.For examp Ief onefund i on friendship seems to fulfill is that supports the image we have of ourselves,and confirms the valueof theattitudes weho I d.Certa i n I y weappear toproject ourseI vesonto ourf ri ends;severa Istudies have shown that we judgethem to be more I ike us than they objectively are.This suggeststhat weought to choose friends who aresimi larto usrather thanthose whowould becomplementary.In ourexperiment,some developingfriendships weremonitored amongstfirst-year studentsI iving in the same hosteI.It wasfound thatsimi lar ity of attitudes towards politics,religion and ethics,pastimes and aesthetics was a goodpredictor ofwhat friendships would beestab Iished by the end of four months,though it has lessto dowith initialaliiances notsurprisingly,since attitudesmay not be obviouson fi rst i nspect i on.There have also beenstudies of pairings,both voluntarymarried couples and forcedstudent roommates,to seewhich remainedtogether andwhich split up.Again,the evidenceseems tofavor similarityrather thancomplementarity as an omenof successfulrelationship,though therei s a comp I i cat i on:where marriagei sconcerned,once thefield isnarrowed down to potenti a I mateswho come from simi lar backgrounds and share a broadrange of attitudes andvalues,a degreeof complementaritySeems to become desirable.When a coup I e are not justsimilar but a Imost identicalrsometh i ng else seems to be needed.Similarity can breed contempt it;it has also been found thatwhen we find othersobnoxious,we d i sI ike themmore ifthey areI ike us than whenthey aredissimilar.The difficulty of I inking friendshipwith similar ity of persona IityprobabIy refIects thecomp I ex i ty of our personalities:we havemany facets and thereforerequi rea disparate group of friends to support us.This of course canexplain why we may have two close friendswho have I ittIe in common,and indeeddisI ikeeach other.By andlarge,though,it looks as thoughwe woulddo we I Ito choosefr iends(and spouses)who resembIeus.If thiswere notso,computer dating agencies would havegone out of business years ago.Research onfriendship hasdemonstrated that.A.every student has fiveor sixfriends B.judges are always influencedby apretty faceC.ugly peoplefind itharder to make friendsthan beautifulpeople D.we lendto growfond ofpeople ifwe dislike them atfirst sight
21.Origin ofVegetab I e andAnimal Lifein Amer icaWhen thenew worI dwasf i rstdiscovered,it wasfound to be,I ike the old,ful Iofplants and animals,and agreat manytribes andnations ofmen I ived there.Yet thep I ants and animals,if notthe men,were al I essentially differentfrom thoseknown in the old world.This wasunexpected;it was thought to be quiteremarkabIe.Then aquestion arose,what is the origin of these plants and animals and menHow couldthey come to acontinent thatis cutoff apparentlyfrom al I intercourse(交流)and connection with the rest of the worldFor theAmerican continentis entirelyseparated from the old.The nearestapproach toit is at Behring11sStraits(白令海峡),on thenorth-west,where it is dividedfrom theAsiatic continentby achannel aboutforty mileswide.Means ofCommun icat i on with the OldWor IdSomeanimals andperhaps someplants,and mostcertainly men,may besupposed to have beentransported acrosssuch achanne Iof wateras thisof Behrings Straits,either byboats madeby thesavages I iving on the coasts,or possiblyby meansof iceat sometime whenthe wholechanne I was enti relyfrozen over.There i s a I soat somed i stance south of Behri ngsStrai ts a remarkab I echa inof islands,cal led the AI eut i an Islands(阿留申群岛),which extend in aregular andcontinuous I ine from theAmericanto theAsiatic shore.These islands are volcanic.They contain now numerousvolcanoes,some active and somedead.They bearno trees,but theyproduce agreat variety of animals.They look,upon themap,I ike a rowof steppingstones,pIaced onpurpose toenable menand animals from the oldworId to makethei r way to thenew.These i sIandsare nearly al I inhabited,and thenatives navigate(航海)the seas around them in boats made of a frame-work ofwood orbone,covered externally w i thsea I skins.It isperhaps possibletoi mag ine also that a company ofmen might have been forced accidentaI Iy tosea in some large canoe from the coast of Africa,or on the otherside fromsome of the islandsof thePacific,and landedupon theAmerican shores.It istrue that it would be exceedi ngIy improbablethat anysuch comb i nat i onof circumstanceswould occuras couldlead tosuch aresult.The canoeor boatmust have been verylarge,the stockof provisionsvery great.The windmust nothave beenviol entenough toengulf(吞没)the boat and muststill haveblown verylong andvery steadiIy to havecarried a company ofmen sofar beforethey al I perished of hunger and thirst.Al Ithis wouIdhave been very improbabIe.Still it wouId bedifficult to show that it could not occur.From thehundreds andperhaps thousandsof boatsful Iof savagesthat have been blownoff tosea from the coastsof Africa,or from the SouthSea IsIands,it wouId be impossible to provepositively that there couldnever have been onethat by any chancecould havereached theAmerican shores.There isstill anothermode bywhich wecan imaginethe animaland vegetabIeI ifeof Amer ica to have beencommunicated toit fromother regions,and thatis,by supposingthat there was informer agessome directconnection betweenthe twocontinents by a tractof landwhich hassince becomesubmerged(淹没的).It iswell knownnow that the crustof the earth is not in a stab I econdition.It issubject tochanges andmovements ofvarious kinds,which are now goingforward al I thetime,and haveprobably a I ways been goingforward.In somep I aces theland isslowly rising;in othersit isslowly subsiding(下沉).There aremany p I acesin the world wheretowns andcities whichformer lystood highand dryon theland arenow underwater.The I and hasslowly subsi dedFso that the seaat thepresent timeflows overit,and peopIepassing in boats nowlook downand seethe oldfoundations,and fragmentsof thef a I I en wa I Is andco I umns,at thebottom.The PIants andAnimals of America GenerallyNew These and variousother similartheories weredevised informer timesin endeavorsto contrivesome wayof bringingpIants and animalsfromother countries to America.But theyhave beengenerally consideredunsatisfactory,since whenpeopIe examinedthe plants and animalsIiving here,they werefound to be,as it seemed,essentially differentfrom thosefound inother countries,so differentthat theycould everbe descendedfrom the same stock(祖先,血统),at leastby ordinarygeneration.The fauna(动物群)and the flora(植物)were bothfound to be in general essentially dissimilar.The florais itssystem ofplants.By thefauna of a countryis meantthe system of animalsthat inhabitit.With amoderate number of exceptionssuch as these,however,the plants and animalsfound in America provedon examinationto beentirely new.So,since both thefauna and the flora of America were so essentially differentfrom those of the old world,it seemed tobewho I Iy uselessto attemptto desi gnmeans bywhich theforefather(祖先)of thepresent rA.Y B.N C.NG
22.Research onfriendship hasestab Ii shed a number of facts,some interesting,even useful.Did you know that the averagestudent has5〜6friends,or that a friendwho waspreviously anenemy isI ikedmore thanone whohas a I ways been on the rightside Wouldyou beIieve thatphysical ly attractive individualsare preferredas friends to thoseless comely,and isit fairthat physicallyattractive defendantsare lessIikeIy tobe foundgui Ityin courtUnfortunately,such titbitsdon ttel Ius muchmore about the natureor thepurpose of friendship.In fact,studies offriendship seemto impIicate more comp I exfactors.For exampIef one funct i onfriendship seems to fulfill is that supports the image we have of ourselves,and confirms the valueof theattitudes weho Id.Certa i n I y weappear toproject ourseI vesonto ourf ri ends;severa Istudies haveshown that we judgethem tobe moreI ike us than they objectivelyare.This suggeststhat weought to choose friendswho aresimi larto usrather thanthose whowould becomplementary.In ourexperiment,some developingfriendships weremonitored amongstfirst-year studentsIiving in thesame hosteI.It wasfound thatsimi lar ity of attitudes towards politics,religion and ethics,pastimes and aesthetics was a goodpredictor ofwhat friendshipswould beestab Iishedby theend offour months,though it has lessto dowith initialaliiances notsurprisingly,since attitudesmay notbe obviouson fi rst i nspect i on.There havealso beenstudies ofpairings,both voluntarymarried coup I esand forcedstudent roommates,to seewhich remainedtogether andwhich split up.Again,the evidenceseems tofavor similarityrather thancomplementarity as an omenof successfulrelationship,though therei sa comp I icat i on:where marriagei sconcerned,once thefield isnarrowed down to potenti a I mateswho come from simi lar backgroundsand share a broadrange of attitudes andvalues,a degreeof complementaritySeems to become desirable.When a coup I e arenot justsimilar but a Imost identical,someth i ng elseseems tobe needed.Similarity canbreed contemptit;it has also beenfound thatwhen wefind othersobnoxious,we di sI ike themmore ifthey areI ike us than whenthey aredissimilar.The difficultyof I inking friendshipwith similarity ofpersona IityprobabIy refIects thecompI ex i tyof our personalities:we havemany facetsand thereforerequi rea disparate group offriendsto support us.This of course canexplain why we mayhave twoclose friendswho have I ittIein common,and indeeddisI ikeeach other.By andlarge,though,it looksas thoughwe woulddo we I Ito choosefr iendsand spouseswho resembIeus.If thiswere notso,computer dating agencieswould havegone outof businessyears ago.Stud ies off ri endsh i pshave i ndicated that,i nseek ingf ri endswe.A.want tobe flatteredB.are lookingfor sympathyC.think theyresemble usmore thanthey reallydo D.insist on them havingsimilar attitudesto ourselves
23.For years,doctors advisedthei rpat ientsthat the only thingtaking multivitaminsdoes isgive themexpensive urine尿・After all,true vitamin deficiencies arepractically unheardof in industrialized countries.Now it seems thosedoctors mayhave beenwrong.The results of agrowing number of studiessuggest thateven amodest vitarninshortfalI can be harmful to your health.Although proof of the benefits of multivitamins isstill far from certain,the fewdol larsyou spend on them i s probab I ya good i nvestment.Or at I eastthats theargument putforward in the NewEng Iand Journalof Medicine.Ideallyv say Dr.Walter Willettand Dr.Mei rStampfer of Harvard,al Ivitamin suppIementswouId beevaIuated inscientif icaI Iy rigorouscl inicaItrials.But thosestudies cantake a long time and oftenraise morequestions thanthey answer.At somepoint,while researcherswork on figuring outwhere thetruth Iiesv it justmakes senseto saythe potenti a I benef i toutwe ighs thecost.The bestevidence todate concernsfolate,one of the Bvitamins.It s been proved toI imit the number of defects in embryos(胚胎),and arecent trialfound thatf oI atei ncomb i nat i on wi thv i tam i n B12and aform ofB6also decreases the re-blockage of arter iesafter surgical repair.The newson vitamin E has been moremixed.Hea Ithy foI kswho take400i nternat i ona I uni ts daily for at I east twoyears appearsomewhat lessIi keIyto deveI op heart disease.But whendoctors givev i tam inE topat ients whoa Iready have heart di sease,the v i tam i ndoesn Jt seemto help.It mayturn out that vitamin E playsa rolein preventionbut cannotundo seri ousdamage.Desp i te vi tam i n C s great popu I ari ty,consuming largeamounts of it stillhas notbeen positiveIyIinked to any greatbenefit.The bodyquickly becomessaturated withC and simply excretes(排泄)any excess.The multivitaminsquestion boilsdown tothis:Do youneed towait unt iI a I I the evidence is in before you take them,or areyou willing to acceptthat there1s enoughevidence that they don t hurtand couldhelp.If thelatter,there19s no need to go to extremes and buy the biggest horse pills or the most expensive bottIes.Large dosescan causetroubIe,including excessivebleeding andnervous systemprob I ems.Mult i vi tam i nsarenosubst i tute forexerc i se and a ba I anced diet,of course.As longas youunderstand that any potenti a I benefit is modestand subject to further refinement,taking adaily mu11i vi tam i nmakes alot ofsense.At onetime doctorsdiscouraged taking multivitamins because they beIi evedthat multivitamins.A.could noteasily be absorbed by the humanbody B.were potentiallyharmful to people shealth C.were tooexpensive fordaily consumptionD.could notprovide anycure forvitamindeficiencies quot;.Drawing on a survey,the CensusBureau(国家调查局)estimated thatonly
6.8percent ofhouseholds earningless than$10,000had homecomputers,compared to
61.7percent ofthose with incomes of$75,000or more.This issuegoes beyondindividual interestor lackof interest in computers.The technological advancesof thepresent andfuture may notbeequaI Iybeneficial tomenandwomen.Many studies haveshown that computergames,which serveas animportant meansof earlysoc i aI i zati onto computers,typ icaI Iyi nvoIvesports orskills assoc i atedwith thetraditional malerole.As aresult computerscamps havebecome mainlymale setti ngs.L ike money,food,and otherresources,techno Iogyis unevenlydi stributed withinsoc iet iesandthroughout the world.The techno Iogy gapis wideningrather thannarrowing.Although nati onsare exchangingtechn icaI datamore freelythan before,critical technoIogy transferis oftenkept back.The technoIogy exportedto developingcountries may be poorI ysuited to the conditionsof theireconomies andworkplaces.The writer1s att i tudetowards thedeveIopment oftechnoIogyis0A.negat i ve B.indifferent C.exciting andpraising D.concerned andcritical
4.There arestock marketsin largecities in many countries.Stock marketsin Paris,London,Tokyo,Shanghai andNew Yorkare among the largestand mostwell-known.The stock market,also calledstock exchange,is aplace wherepeople can buy or sell sharesof a factory ora company.And eachshare meanscertain ownershipof a factory ora company.Different peoplego tostock markets.Some arerich,who want to getmore moneythantheyhave.Others arenot rich,who buy stocks andtry to become rich.Still others buystocks as part of their plan to save money.Of course,investing
24.Research onfriendship hasestab Iisheda numberof facts,some interesting,even useful.Did you know that the averagestudent has5〜6friends,or that a friendwho waspreviously anenemy isI ikedmore thanone whohas aI ways been on the rightside Wouldyou beIieve thatphysical lyattractive individualsare preferredas friendsto thoseless comely,and isit fairthat physicallyattractive defendantsare lessIikeIy tobe foundguiItyin courtUnfortunately,such titbitsdon ttel Ius muchmore about the natureor thepurpose offriendship.In fact,studies offriendship seemto impI icatemore compI exfactors.For exampIe,one functi onfriendship seems to fulfillis thatsupports theimage we have of ourselves,and confirms the valueof theattitudes weho Id.Certa i n I y weappear toproject ourseI vesonto ourfr iends;severa Istudies haveshown that we judgethem tobe moreI ike us thanthey objectivelyare.This suggeststhatweought to choose friendswho aresimilarto usrather thanthose whowould becomplementary.In ourexperiment,some developingfriendships weremonitored amongstfirst-year studentsI iving in thesame hosteI.It wasfound thatsimi I ari tyof atti tudestowards poli ticsv reI igion andethics,pastimes and aesthetics was a goodpredictor ofwhat friendshipswould beestab Iishedby theend offour months,though it has lessto dowith initialaliiances notsurprisingly,since attitudesmay notbe obviousonfirst i nspect i on.There havealso beenstudies ofpairings,both voluntarymarried couplesand forcedstudent roommates,to seewhich remainedtogether andwhich split up.Again,the evidenceseems tofavor similarityrather thancomplementarity as an omenof successfulrelationship,though therei sacompI icat i on:where marriageis concerned,once thefield isnarrowed down to potenti aI mateswho come from similar backgroundsand sharea broadrange of attitudes andvalues,a degreeof complementaritySeems to become desirable.When acoup I e arenot justsimilar but aImost identical,someth i ng elseseems tobe needed.Similarity canbreed contemptit;ithas also beenfound thatwhen wefind othersobnoxious,we di sI ike themmore ifthey areI ikeusthan whenthey aredissimilar.The difficultyof I inking friendshipwith similarity ofpersona IityprobabIy refIects thecomplexity ofour personalities:we havemany facetsand thereforerequire a disparate groupoffriendsto supportus.This of course canexplain why we mayhave twoclose friendswho have I ittIein common,and indeeddislike each other.By andlarge,though,it looksas thoughwe woulddo weI Itochoosefr iendsand spouseswho resembIeus.If thiswere notso,computer dating agencieswould havegone outof businessyears ago.The experimentconducted onstudents living in ahosteI suggestedthat.
1.it wasimpossibletopredict whichfriendshipswoulddevelop
8.in thelong run,people get on betterwith those who are like themC.students split up assoon as they discovereddifferences in attitudes D.students immediately recognized otherswith similarattitudes and interests
25.Or igin ofVegetab I eandAnimal LifeinAmericaWhen thenew worIdwasfirstdiscovered,it wasfound tobe,I ikethe old,ful IofpIants and animals,and agreat manytribes andnations ofmen I ived there.Yet the plantsand animals,if notthe men,were al I essentially differentfrom thoseknown in the oldworld.This wasunexpected;it wasthought tobe quiteremarkabIe.Then aquestion arose,what is the origin of these plantsand animals and menHow couldthey come to acontinent thatis cutoff apparentlyfrom al I intercourse交流and connection with the rest of the worldFor theAmerican continentis entirelyseparated from the old.The nearestapproach toit is at BehringsStraits(白令海峡),on thenorth-west,where it is dividedfrom theAsiatic continentby achannel aboutforty mileswide.Means ofCommun icat i on withthe OldWorld Someanimalsandperhaps someplants,and mostcertainly men,may besupposed to have beentransported acrosssuch achanne Iof wateras thisof Behrings Straits,either byboats madeby thesavages I iving on the coasts,or possiblyby meansof iceat sometime whenthe wholechanne I was enti relyfrozen over.There isaI soat somedi stance south of Behring19sStraitsa remarkab I echa inof islandsy cal led the AI eut i an Islands(阿留申群岛),which extendin aregular andcontinuous I ine from theAmericanto theAsiatic shore.These islandsare volcanic.They containnow numerousvolcanoes,some activeand somedead.They bearno trees,but theyproduce agreat varietyof animals.They look,upon themap,I ikea rowof steppingstones,pIaced onpurpose toenable menand animalsfromthe oldworldto maketheir way to thenew.These islandsare nearlyal I inhabited,and thenatives navigate(航海)the seasaround them in boats made of a frame-work ofwood orbone,covered externally wi thsea Iskins.It isperhaps possi bIetoimagineaIso that a company ofmenmighthave beenforcedaccidentaI Iytoseainsomelargecanoefromthecoastof Africa,or on the otherside fromsome of the islandsof thePacific,and landedupon theAmerican shores.It istrue thatit would be exceedi ngIy improbablethat anysuch comb i nationof circumstanceswould occuras couldlead tosuch aresult.The canoeor boatmust have beenverylarge,the stockof provisionsvery great.The windmust nothave beenviol entenough toengulf(吞没)the boat and muststill haveblown verylong andvery steadiIytohavecarried a company ofmen sofar beforethey al I perishedofhungerandthirst.Al Ithis wouIdhave beenvery improbabIe.Still itwouId bediff icultto showthatitcouldnotoccur.From thehundreds andperhaps thousandsof boatsful Iof savagesthat have been blownoff tosea fromthe coastsof Africa,or fromthe SouthSea IsIands,itwouId be impossibleto provepositively that there couldnever have been onethat by any chancecould havereached theAmerican shores.There isstill anothermode bywhich wecan imaginethe animaland vegetabIeI ifeofAmerica tohave beencommunicated toit fromother regions,and thatis,by supposingthat there was informer agessome directconnection betweenthe twocontinents by a tractof landwhich hassince becomesubmerged(淹没的).It iswell knownnow that the crustof theearth is not in a stabIe condition.It issubject tochanges andmovements ofvarious kinds,which arenow goingforward al I thetime,and haveprobably always been goingforward.In somepIaces theland isslowly rising;in othersit isslowly subsiding(下沉).There aremany pIacesin the world wheretowns andcities whichformer lystood highand dryon theland arenow underwater.The Iand hasslowly subsi ded,sothat the seaat thepresent timeflows overit,and peopIepassing inboats nowlook downand seethe oldfoundations,and fragmentsof thefa I Ien waI Is andco Iumns,at thebottom.The PIantsandAn ima IsofAmerica GenerallyNew Theseand variousother similartheories weredevised informer timesin endeavorsto contrivesome wayof bringingpIantsand animalsfromother countriestoAmerica.But theyhave beengenerally consideredunsatisfactory,since whenpeopIe examinedthe plantsand animalsIiving here,they werefound tobe,as it seemed,essentially differentfrom thosefound inother countries,so differentthat theycould everbe descendedfromthesame stock(祖先,血统),at leastby ordinarygeneration.The fauna(动物群)and theflora(植物)were bothfound tobe ingeneral essentiallydissimilar.The florais itssystemofplants.By thefauna of a countryis meantthe systemof animalsthat inhabitit.With amoderate numberof exceptionssuch as these,however,the plantsand animalsfound inAmerica provedon examinationtobeentirely new.So,sinceboththefaunaand thefloraofAmericaweresoessentially differentfrom thoseof the oldworld,it seemed tobewho I Iy uselessto attemptto desi gnmeans bywhich theforefather(祖先)of thepresent rA.Y B.N C.NG
26.For years,doctors advisedthei rpat ientsthatthe only thingtaking multivitaminsdoes isgive themexpensive urine(尿).After all,true vitamindeficiencies arepractically unheardof inindustrialized countries.Now it seems thosedoctors mayhave beenwrong.The resultsof agrowing numberof studiessuggest thateven amodest vitarninshortfal I can beharmful toyour health.Although proofof the benefits ofmultivitamins isstill far from certain,the fewdol larsyou spendon themisprobab Iya good i nvestment.Or at I eastthats theargument putforward in the NewEng Iand Journalof Medicine.Ideally,say Dr.Walter Willettand Dr.Mei rStampfer of Harvard,al Ivitamin suppIementswou Id beeva Iuated insci entif ically ri gorouscl inica Itrials.But thosestudies cantake a long time and oftenraise morequestions thanthey answer.At somepoint,while researcherswork onfiguring outwhere thetruth Iies,it justmakes senseto saythe potenti aI benefitoutwe ighs thecost.The bestevidence todate concernsfolate,one of the Bvitamins.It19sbeenproved toI imitthe numberof defectsin embryos(胚胎),and arecent trialfound thatfoI ateincomb i nationwi thvi tam in B12and aform ofB6also decreases the re-blockage of arter iesafter surgical repair.The newson vitamin E hasbeen moremixed.Healthy foI kswho take400i nternati onaI units daily for at I east twoyears appearsomewhat lessIi keIyto deveI op heart disease.But whendoctors givevitamin Eto patientswho alreadyhave heart disease,the vitarnindoesn1tseemto help.It mayturn outthat vitaminE playsa rolein preventionbut cannotundo seri ousdamage.Desp ite vi tamin Cs great popu I ari ty,consuming largeamounts ofit stillhas notbeen positiveIyIinked to any greatbenefit.The bodyquickly becomessaturated withC and simply excretes(排泄)any excess.The multivitaminsquestion boilsdown tothis:Do youneed towait untiI al Ithe evidence is in before you take them,or areyou willingto acceptthat there s enoughevidence that they don t hurtand couldhelp.If thelatter,there s no need to go to extremes and buy the biggest horse pills or the most expensive bottIes.Large dosescan causetroubIe,including excessivebleeding andnervous systemproblems.Multivitamins areno substitute for exerciseand a baI anceddiet,of course.As longas youunderstand that any potenti aI benefit is modestand subject to further refinement,taking adaily mu11i vi taminmakes alot ofsense.According to the author,cl inicaItr ialsof vitamin suppIements.A.often result in misleadingconclusions B.take time and willnot produceconclusive resultsC.should beconducted byscientists on a largerscale D.appear tobe asheer wasteof timeand resources
27.Research onfriendship hasestab Iisheda numberoffacts,some interesting,even useful.Did you know thatthe averagestudent has5〜6friends,or that a friendwho waspreviously anenemy isI ikedmore thanone whohasaI waysbeen on the rightside Wouldyou beI ievethatphysical lyattractive individualsare preferredas friendsto thoseless comely,and isit fairthat physicallyattractive defendantsare lessIikeIy tobe foundgui Ityin courtUnfortunately,such titbitsdonttel Ius muchmore about the natureor thepurpose offriendship.In fact,studies offriendship seemto impI icatemore compIexfactors.For example,one functionfriendship seems tofulfillis thatsupports theimagewe haveofourselves,and confirms the valueof theattitudes weho Id.Certa in Iyweappear toproject ourseI vesonto ourfr iends;severs Istudies haveshown thatwe judgethem tobe moreI ikeusthanthey objectivelyare.This suggeststhatweought tochoose friendswho aresimilarto usrather thanthose whowould becomplementary.In ourexperiment,some developingfriendships weremonitored amongstfirst-year studentsIiving in thesamehosteI.It wasfound thatsimi I ari tyof atti tudestowardspolitics,religion andethics,pastimes and aesthetics was a goodpredictor ofwhat friendshipswould beestab Iishedby theend offour months,though ithas lessto dowith initialaliiances notsurprisingly,since attitudesmay notbe obviouson first inspection.There havealso beenstudies ofpairings,both voluntarymarried couplesand forcedstudent roommates,to seewhich remainedtogether andwhich split up.Again,the evidenceseems tofavor similarityrather thancomplementarity as an omenof successfulrelationship,though thereisacompIicat ion:where marriageis concerned,once thefield isnarrowed downto potenti aI mateswho comefrom similar backgroundsand sharea broadrange ofattitudes andvalues,a degreeof complementaritySeems tobecome desirable.When acoup Ie arenot justsimilar butaImost i dent icaI,someth i ng elseseemstobe needed.Similarity canbreed contemptit;ithas also beenfound thatwhen wefind othersobnoxious,we disIike themmore ifthey areIikeusthan whenthey aredissimilar.The difficultyof Iinking friendshipwith similarity ofpersonality probably reflects thecompIex ityofour personalities:wehavemany facetsand thereforerequire a disparategroupoffriendstosupportus.This ofcourse canexp lainwhywe mayhave twoclose friendswho haveI ittIein common,and indeeddisI ikeeach other.By andlarge,though,it looksasthoughwe woulddo weI Itochoosef riendsand spouseswho resembIeus.If thiswere notsov computer dating gone outof businessyears ago.agencieswould havereI ationshipsindicate thatStudies ofmarriage betterthan similarpersonalities basesfor successA.opposites get on apply for ordinaryfriendships B.exactly thesame C.it isfirst of all necessary to limitprospective partnerstopeoplefrom similar backgrounds D.the most successful arethose betweenpeople who are alikebut notexactly thesame
28.Research onfriendship hasestab Iisheda numberoffacts,some interesting,even useful.Did you know thatthe averagestudenthas5〜6friends,or thata friendwho waspreviously anenemy isI ikedmore thanone whohasaI waysbeen on the rightside WouldyoubeIieve thatphysicallyattractiveindividualsarepreferredasfriendstothoselesscomely,and isit fairthatphysicallyattractivedefendantsarelessIikeIytobefoundgui ItyincourtUnfortunately,such titbitsdonttel Ius muchmore about the natureor thepurpose offriendship.In fact,studies offriendshipseemto impI icatemorecompIexfactors.For exampIe,onefunctionfriendshipseemstofulfillis thatsupports theimagewehaveofourselves,and confirmsthe valueof theattitudes weho Id.Certa inIyweappear toproject ourseI vesonto ourfr iends;severa Istudieshaveshownthatwe judgethem tobe moreI ikeusthanthey objectivelyare.This suggeststhatweought tochoose friendswhoaresimilarto usrather thanthosewhowould becomplementary.In ourexperiment,some developingfriendships weremonitored amongstfirst-year studentsIiving in thesamehosteI.It wasfound thatsimi I arityofatti tudestowardspoliticsv reI igion andethics,pastimes and aesthetics wasa goodpredictor ofwhat friendshipswould beestab Iishedbytheendoffourmonths,though ithas lessto dowith initialaliiances notsurpr isingly,since attitudesmaynotbe obviouson first inspection.There havealso beenstudies ofpairings,both voluntarymarried coup I esand forcedstudent roommates,to seewhich remainedtogether andwhich splitup.Again,the evidenceseemstofavor similarityrather thancomplementarity as an omenof successfulrelationship,though thereisacompIicat ion:where marriageisconcerned,once thefield isnarrowed downto potenti aI mateswho comefrom similarbackgroundsand sharea broadrange ofattitudes andvalues,a degreeof complementaritySeems tobecome desirable.When acoup Ie arenot justsimilar butaImost ident icaIv someth i ngelseseemstobeneeded.Similarity canbreed contemptit;ithas also beenfound thatwhen wefind othersobnoxious,we disIikethemmore ifthey areIikeusthan whenthey aredissimilar.The difficultyof Iinking friendshipwith similarity ofpersonality probably reflects thecompIex ityofour personalities:wehavemany facetsand thereforerequire adisparategroupoffriendstosupportus.This ofcourse canexplain whywemayhavetwoclosefriendswho haveIittIeincommon,and indeeddisl ikeeach other.By andlarge,though,it looksasthoughwe woulddo weI Itochoosefr iendsand spouseswho resembIeus.If thiswere notso,computerdating agencieswouldhavegoneoutof businessyears ago.Which of the fol lowing best iI lustratesthe majorview of the passageA.Birds ofa featherflock together B.Opposites attracteachother.C.Great mindsthink alike.D.A friendin needis afriend indeed.
29.For years,doctors advisedtheir patientsthatthe only thingtaking multivitaminsdoes isgive themexpensive urine(尿).After all,true vitamindeficiencies arepractically unheardof inindustrialized countries.Now it seems thosedoctors mayhave beenwrong.The resultsofagrowing numberof studiessuggest thateven amodest vitaminshortfal I can beharmful toyour health.Although proofof thebenefits ofmultivitamins isstill far from certain,the fewdol larsyou spendon themisprobab Iya good investment.Or at I eastthat5stheargument putforward in the NewEng Iand Journalof Medicine.Ideallyf say Dr.Walter Willettand Dr.Meir Stampfer ofHarvard,alIvitarnin supplementswou Idbeeva Iuated insci entif icallyri gorousclinical trials.But thosestudies cantake along timeand oftenraise morequestions thanthey answer.At somepoint,while researcherswork onfiguring outwhere thetruth Iies,it justmakes senseto saythe potenti aI benefitoutwe ighs thecost.The bestevidence todate concernsfolate,one of the Bvitamins.It’sbeenproved toI imitthe numberof defectsin embryos(胚胎),and arecent trialfound thatfoI atein comb ination with vitamin B12and aform ofB6also decreasesthe re-blockage of arteries aftersurgical repair.The newson vitaminE hasbeen moremixed.Healthy foI kswho take400i nternati onaI units daily for atIeast twoyears appearsomewhat lesslikely todeveI opheart disease.But whendoctors givevitaminEto patientswho alreadyhave heart disease,the vitamindoesn,‘tseemto help.It mayturn outthat vitaminE playsa rolein preventionbut cannotundo seri ousdamage.Desp ite vi tam inC JJ s greatpopu Iarity,consuming largeamounts ofit stillhas notbeen positiveIyIinked to any greatbenefit.The bodyquickly becomessaturated withC andsimply excretes(排泄)any excess.The multivitaminsquestion boilsdowntothis:Do youneed towait untiIaI Ithe evidenceis inbefore youtake them,or areyou willingto acceptthat there s enoughevidence thatthey dont hurtand couldhelp.If thelatter,there1J s no need money in the stock market is notthe safest way to make money.No onecan tellexactly whetherthe shareswill bedoing well.The factory or thecompany maydo badly.Then the stocks willgo down,and investorswill losemoney.The stockmay goup ordown for a numberof untoldreasons.Everyone wantsthe stockto goup,but sometimeseven ifafactory or companydoes a good job,the stockmay stillgo down.No wondergoing to the stock market isoften comparedto gambling.All areanxious to make moneyby quot;gamblingquot;in the stock market.Factories andcompanies thatneed moneyare pleased that so many peopleare willingto quot;gamblequot;.Factories andcompanies are pleasedthat somany people gamblein the stock marketbecauseA.they canusethemoney to do businessB.they will become richC.it makesthem well-known D.it isgood for them tostay in the stock market
5.After theinvest i gat ion,it wascone Iuded thatthe old man wasresponsible for the accidentA.在这次检查后,得出的结论是这位老人对这起交通事故负责B.在这次调查后,人们觉得这起交通事故完全是这位老人的责任C.在这次检查后,人们觉得这起交通事故完全是这位老人的责任D.在这次调查后,得出的结论是这位老人对这起交通事故负责
6.There arestock marketsin largecities inmany countries.Stock marketsin Paris,London,Tokyo,Shanghai andNew Yorkare among the largestand mostwell-known.The stockmarket,also calledstock exchange,is aplace wherepeople can buy orsell sharesofafactoryora company.And eachshare meanscertain ownershipofafactoryoracompany.Different peoplego tostock markets.Some arerich,who want to getmore moneythantheyhave.Others arenot rich,who buystocks andtry tobecome rich.Still to goto extremesand buythe biggesthorse pillsorthemost expensivebottIes.Large dosescan causetroubIe,including excessivebleeding andnervous systemprob Iems.Mult i vi tarni nsarenosubst itute forexerc iseand a balanced diet,ofcourse.As longas youunderstand that any potenti aI benefit is modestand subjectto furtherrefinement,taking adaily mu11i vitaminmakes alot ofsense.It hasbeenfound that vitaminE.A.should betaken bypatients regularlyand persistentlyB.can effectivelyreduce therecurrence ofheart diseaseC.hasapreventive butnot curativeeffect onheartdiseaseD.should begiven to patients withheartdiseaseas earlyas possible
31.For years,doctors advisedtheir patientsthattheonly thingtakingmultivitaminsdoes isgive themexpens i ve urine(尿).After all,true vitamindeficiencies arepractically unheardof inindustrialized countries.Now itseems thosedoctors mayhave beenwrong.The resultsofagrowing numberof studiessuggest thateven amodest vitaminshortfal Icanbeharmfultoyourhealth.Although proofof thebenefits ofmultivitamins isstill farfrom certain,the fewdollars youspendon themisprobabIya goodinvestment.Or atIeastthats theargument putforward in the NewEng Iand Journalof Medicine.Ideally,sayDr.Walter Willettand Dr.Mei rStampferofHarvard,alIvitaminsuppIementswou Idbeeva Iuated insci entif icallyri gorousclinical trials.But thosestudies cantake along timeand oftenraise morequestions thanthey answer.At somepoint,while researcherswork onfiguring outwhere thetruth Iies,it justmakes senseto saythe potenti aI benefitoutwe ighs thecost.The bestevidence todate concernsfolate,one of the Bvitamins.It11sbeenprovedtoIimitthenumberofdefectsinembryos(胚胎),andarecent trialfoundthatfoI ateincombinationwi thvitaminB12andaform ofB6also decreasesthere-blockageofarteries aftersurgicalrepair.The newson vitaminE hasbeen moremixed.Healthy foI kswho take400i nternati onaI units dailyfor atIeast twoyears appearsomewhat lesslikelytodeveIopheartdi sease.But whendoctors givevitaminEtopatientswho alreadyhaveheartdisease,the vitamindoesn Jtseemto help.It mayturn outthat vitaminE playsa rolein preventionbut cannotundo seri ousdamage.Desp itevitaminCsgreatpopuIarity,consuming largeamounts ofit stillhas notbeen positiveIyIinked to any greatbenefit.The bodyquickly becomessaturated withC andsimply excretes(排泄)any excess.The multivitaminsquestion boilsdowntothis:Do youneed towait untiIall theevidenceis inbeforeyoutakethem,or areyou willingto acceptthatthere1s enoughevidence thatthey dont hurtand couldhelp.If thelatter,theres noneed togotoextremesandbuythebiggesthorsepillsorthemostexpensivebottIes.Large dosescan causetroubIe,including excessivebleeding andnervous systemprob Iems.Mult ivitaminsarenosubst ituteforexerc iseandabaIanceddiet,ofcourse.As longas youunderstand thatany potenti aI benefitis modestand subject tofurtherrefinement,taking adaily mu11ivitaminmakes alot ofsense.The authorconcludes the passage withthe advicethat.A.thebenefit of dailymultivitamin intakeoutweighs that of exerciseandabalanceddietB.itsrisky totake multivitaminswithout knowingtheir specificfunction C.the potentialbenefitofmultivitamins cannever beoverestimated D.itsreasonable totake arational doseofmultivitaminsdaily
32.Isnrsquo;tit amazing howone person,sharing oneidea,atthe right timeand placecan changethe courseof yourIifersquo;s historyThis iscertainly whathappened in my I ife.When I was14,I washitchhiking fromHouston,Texas,through El Paso onmy wayto California.I wasfol lowingmy dream,journeying withthe sun.I wasa highschooI dropoutwith learningdisabiI itiesand was set on surfing thebiggest waves in theworId,first inCalifornia and then inHawai ivwhere Iwould laterI ive.Upon reachingdowntown ElPaso,I metan old man,a bum,on the street comer.He sawme walking,stopped meand questionedme asI passedby.He askedme ifI wasrunning away from home,I supposebecause I Iooked soyoung.I toldhim,quot;Not exact Iy,sir,quot;since myfather hadgi ven mearideto the freeway in Houston and gi ven mehisbI ess i ngs while saying,quot;It isimportant tofol lowyour dream and what isin your heart,son.quot;The bumthen askedme ifhe couldbuy mea cupof coffee.I toldhim,quot;No,sir,butasoda wouldbe great.quot;We waIkedto acomer maltshop andsat downonacoupIeofswivel ingstoo Is while we enjoyed our drinks.After conversingfor afew minutes,the friendlyburn toldme tofollow him.He toldme thathe hadsomething grand to showmeandshare withme.We waI kedacoupIeofbI ocksuntiI we came upon the downtown E1Paso PubIi cLibrary.We waIkedup itsfront steps and stoppedatasmal Iinformation stand.Here thebum spoketo asmi Iing oldlady,and askedher ifshe wouldbe kindenough to watch mythings for a moment while heand Ientered theI ibrary.I leftmy belongingswith thisgrandmotherly figureand enteredinto thismagn ificent haI Iof learning.The bumfirst ledme toa tableand askedme tosit downand waitfor a moment while he Iookedfor somethi ngspec iaI amongst the shelves.A fewmoments later,he returnedwith a couple ofold booksunder his arms andset themon thetable.He thensat downbeside meand spoke.He startedwith afew statementsthat werevery specialand that changed my I ife.He said,quot;There aretwo things that Iwant toteach you,young man,and theyare these:quot;Number oneis to never judge a book by its cover,for acover canfool you.quot;He foII owedwith,quot;I bet you thinklrsquo;m a bum,donrsquo;t you,young manquot;I said,quot;WelIv uh,yes,I guessso,sir.quot;quot;WelIv young man,lrsquo;ve got aIittIe surprise for you.I amone of the wealthiestmen in the world.I haveprobably everythingany mancould everwant.I originallycomefromthe Northeastand havealIthe thingsthat money can buy.But a year ago,my wifepassed away,bless hersoul,and since then I have beendeep Iy reflectingupon I ife.I realized there were certain things I had not yet experienced in I ife,one ofwhich was what it wouldbelike toIi veI ikea bum on the streets.I madea commi tmentto myseI fto doexact Iy thatfor oneyear.For thepast year,I have been goingfrom cityto citydoing justthat.So,you see,donrsquo;t everjudge a book by its cover,for acover canfool you.quot;quot;Number twois tolearn howto read,my boy,for thereis onlyone thingthat peopIecanrsquo;t takeaway fromyou,and thatis yourwisdom.quot;At thatmoment,he reachedforward,grabbed myright hand in hisand putthem upon the bookshersquo;d pulled fromthe shelves.They werethe writingsof Platoand AristotIemdash;immortaI classics from ancient times.The bumthen ledme backpast thesmi Iing old woman near the entrance,down thesteps andback on the streetsnear wherewefirstmet.H is parti ngrequest wasfor me to neverforget what he taughtme.We caninfer fromthepassagethat at14,the author.A.did notdo wellin hisstudy B.did notI ikehis motherC.planned toIive inCalifornia alI his Iife D.did notI ikehisIifein Huston
33.Imdash;Interviewer;Mmdash;MichaelIWith allyour experienceof interviewing,Michael,how canyou tellif somebodyis going to makea goodinterviewerMOh,I say,what aquestion!Irsquo;ve neverbeen askedthat before.
[1]I thinkthattheprerequisite obviouslyis curiosity.I thinkthatrsquo;sanatural one,not anassumed one.I thinkthe peoplewho have,um,done myjob,and thegraveyard of the BBCis litteredwith them.Their tombstonesare there,you know,who failed,have beenbecause basicallytheyrsquo;ve notbeen journalists.Urn,my trainingwas injournalism.Irsquo;vebeen26years ajournalist,and tobe ajournalist argues that youlike meetingpeople-to startwith,and alsoyou wantto findout about them.So thatrsquo;stheprerequisite.After that,I thinktherersquo;s somethingelse comesinto it,into play,and I think...most successfuljournalists haveit.Itrsquo;sacurious kind of affinitywith people.Itrsquo;sanability toget onwith people.Itrsquo;sakind ofbody warmth,if youlike.If youknew thesecret ofit andcould bottleit andsell it,yoursquo;d makea fortune.IWhen yoursquo;ve donean interviewyourself,how do you feelwhether itrsquo;sbeena goodinterview ornot a good interviewM
[2]Icannever really,er,tell onair.I haveto watchit back,because televisiondepends somuch onyour directorgetting the right shot,the rightreaction.You canrsquo;t.Itrsquo;s amazing.Sometimes I think quot;Oh,thatrsquo;saboring interviewquot;and justbecause ofthe waymy directorshot it,and shotreaction,hersquo;s composeda picturethatrsquo;smadeit farmore interesting than it actually was.I
[3]How do you bringout thebest inpeople,because youalways seemto manageto,not onlyrelax them,but somehowget rightinto thedepths of them.MBy research,by knowing,when you go intoa televisionstudio,more about the guestin frontof youthan theyrsquo;ve forgottenabout themselves.And,I mean,thatrsquo;s pureresearch.You probablyuse,in a20minute interview,I probablyuse,a20thofthe researchmaterial that Irsquo;ve absorbed,but thatrsquo;s what yoursquo;ve gottohaveto do.I onceinterviewed RobertMitchum for75minutes and the longestreply Igot from him was quot;yesquot;.And that...thatrsquo;stheonly timeIrsquo;ve usedevery ounceof researchand everyquestion that Irsquo;ve everthought of,andafew that I hadnrsquo;t thought of as well.But thatreally is the answermdash;itrsquo;s research.When peoplesay toyou,youknow,quot;Oh,you goout andwing itquot;,I mean,thatrsquo;s nonsense.If anybodyever triesto tellyou thatas an interviewer juststarting,that youwing it,therersquo;snosuch thing.Itrsquo;s allpreparation.Itrsquo;s knowingexactly what yoursquo;re goingto doatanygiven pointand knowingwhat you want fromthe person.IAnd doesthat includestickingrsquo;to writtenquestions ordo youdeviateMNo,I meanwhat youdo isyou havean aidememoir.My listof questionsarenrsquo;t questionsas such.Theyrsquo;re areas that Iblock out.And indeed,I canrsquo;t remember...
[4]I canrsquo;t recall,apart fromthe aforesaidMr.Mitchum experience,when Irsquo;ve everstuck to that at all,because,quite oftenyoursquo;11find thatthey spinoff intoareas that yoursquo;ve notreally thoughtabout andperhaps itrsquo;s worthpursuing sometimes.The jobis verymuch like,actually,a trafficcop;yoursquo;re likeyoursquo;re onpoint dutyand yoursquo;re directingthe flowof traffic.Well,yoursquo;re directingthe flowof conversation.Thatrsquo;s basicallywhat yoursquo;re doing,when yoursquo;re doinga talk-show,in myview.IHave you got alast wordof encouragementfor any young peoplesetting outon what theyrsquo;d like tobe a careerasan interviewerMI...I envythem.I reallydo.I meanIrsquo;d goback anddo itall again.
[5]I thinkitrsquo;sthemost perfectjob for any youngperson whorsquo;s gottalent andambition andenergy.And thenice thingabout itis thatthe proportionof talentis indeedonly5per cent,the other95per centis energy,and therersquo;snoexaminations topass.Irsquo;d loveto do it over again.What isessential for agoodinterviewer.A.Professional knowledge.B.Experience in the area.C.Curiosity aboutthe interviewees.D.Enthusiasm aboutthe job.
34.Chadrsquo;s governmenthas deni eda reportfromthe French embassy that rebelforces areadvancing on the capitalNrsquo;Djamena.In astatement yesterday,off ic iaIs saidtherewasno co Iumnof rebels400km fromthe capital.They reassuredthe popuI ationthat Nrsquo;Djamena isinno danger.Chadrsquo;s governmenthas alsodepIoyed troopsaround the capital.Earlier yesterday,the French embassy inChad warnedthatarebe Ico Iumn wasmov i ng towards the capi taion the main highway.Rebe Is attackedand brieflyheld theeastern city of Abecheon Saturday,but governmentforces reclaimedthe cityyesterday.Francersquo;s ambassadorto Rwandahas leftthe countryfol lowingthe governmentrsquo;s decisionto cutits tieswith France.Off ic ia Issay French Ambassador Dominique Decherf boarded theflight toEurope Saturday.Other FrenchdipIomats areexpected toleave the country withindays.The movewas triggeredby aFrench judgersquo;s decisionto issueinternational arrestwarrants fortop Rwandanoff ic ia Isin connectionwith Rwandarsquo;s1994genocide.Francersquojs ForeignMinistry saidit regretsRwandarsquo;s decision.The investigation wasdangerous because.A.the minewas badlydamagednbsp;B.the ventiI ationsystem wasbroken C.the minewas toodeepnbsp;D.the safetyfaciIity wasdestroyed
35.Scientists in the UShave createda newstrain of mosquito thatrsquo;s resistantto malaria,meaning itcanrsquo;t thenpass thedisease ontohumans.But theirrelease into the wildis several years away.Scientists saythis isa keystep onalongjourney towardsfighting thedisease withgenetically modifiedmosquitoes.The researchersused asingle genetictweak tointerfere withthe productionofamolecule in the insectrsquo;s gut.Previous studieshave attempteda similar approach,but this is thefirst time that scientistshave completelyblocked thedevelopment ofthe malaria parasite inside the mosquito.This renderedthe insectunable tospread thedisease.The ultimate aim is to releasethese malaria-resistant mosquitoesinto the wild,but scientistswill first needto work on more genetic trickery to give their insects a competitive advantage over theirdisease-spreading counterparts.The developmentofinsidethe mosquito hasbeen blocked.A.molecule in the gutB.genetic geneC.malariaparasiteD.disease-spreading tissue
36.High in a smoothocean ofsky fIoateda dazzling,majestic sun.Fragments ofpowdery cloud,I ikespray flung from a wave crest,sprinkled theradiant,I ake-bI ue heaven.Re Iaxed ona bundleof hayin acomer ofa meadowbathed insun Iight,Paul laydreaming.A gentIe breeze was stirring the surrounding hedges;bees moved,humming thoughtfully,from scarI etpoppy topurp Iethi stIe;adistant Iark,invisible inbI ueIight,was fIoodingthe vastrealm ofthe skywith glorioussong,asthe sun wasf Ioodingtheearth with brilliance.Beyond thehedge abrook tinkledover softIy-glowing pebbles.Butterflies hoveredabove noddingclover.An antwas busilyexploring theuncharted territoryof Paulrsquo;s suntannedwrist.A grasshopperskidded briskly over his ankle.And theblazing sun was steadilyscorching hisfair freckledface tobr ightlobster red.Neither sun,nor grasshopper,nor ant,however,was ableto arousehim.Not evenwhen afly startedcrawling over his facedid heopen hiseyes.For Paulwasathousand milesaway,in aworld ofeternal snowand ice.Across thetowering mountainrange,a bittergale wasscreaming furiousIy as with one hand hegr ippeda projectingknob of rock whilewith his axe he hacked outthe next narrow foothoId in the rock.As theiri nfa IIi bIegu ide,he wasI eading hisgal Iant partyof cli mbersup atreacherous,vertical walIof rocktowards thelofty peakabove,hitherto unconqueredby man.A singleslip,however trivial,would probablyresult indeath for alIof them.To hisright he could glimpsethe furrowedglacier sweeping towards thevalley,but he was fartoo absorbedin histask toappreciate fullythe scenearound oreven tobe awareofaview ofaImost unearthlybeauty.A suddengust ofwind nearly tore him fromthe ledge where he was perched.Gradually heraised hisfoot,tested thenew foothoIdon thesheer rockwall,transferred hisweight,andsi gnaIedto theclimbers beIow.Not untiIa tractorstarted workingin the next fielddid hebecome consciousof hisfarfromicy surroundings.He satupv wiped his forehead with his handkerchief,othersbuystocksas partoftheirplantosavemoney.Of course,investing moneyin the stockmarket is notthe safestwayto make money.No onecan tellexactly whetherthe shareswill bedoing well.The factoryorthecompany maydo badly.Then the stocks willgo down,and investorswill losemoney.The stockmay goup ordown for a numberof untoldreasons.Everyone wantsthestocktogoup,but sometimeseven ifafactoryor companydoes agood job,thestockmay stillgo down.No wondergoingto thestockmarketisoften comparedto gambling.All areanxious to makemoneyby quot;gamblingquot;in thestockmarket.Factories andcompanies thatneedmoneyarepleasedthatsomany peopleare willingto quot;gamblequot;.The passageis mainlyabout.A.the factthatitis notthesafestwayto invest in thestockmarket B.buying andselling sharesin thestockmarketC.the waystoinvestin thestockmarketD.where onecanbuyorsellthe shares
7.{{B}}Questions11to18are basedon theconversation you have just heard.{{/B}}A.He doesn,t wantto help.B.He isnt ableto work.C.He willhelp thewoman later.D.He d like to work here.
8.{{B}}Questions11to18are basedon theconversation you have justheard.{{/B}A.Peter isvisiting hismother.B.Peter willbe unable to come.gIanced athis watchand sighedin resignation.He hada headachethrough sIeepingin thehot sun,a painin hisshoulder fromcarrying hisrucksack;his legsfelt stiffand hisfeet ached.With noenthusiasm whateverhe pulledthe bulging rucksack over his shoulders and drew a large-scale mapfrom hispocket.At thefar endofthemeadow twosI ates in the wall,which atthis pointreplaced thehedge,indicated astiIe,and beyondhe couldfaintly seea thinthread ofpath whichdw ind Iedand finalIy disappearedas itcl imbedthe steep slope ofthe down,quivering in the glareofthe sun.The wholeof Natureseemedtobe luxuriatingin warmth,sunshine andpeace.Wherever he looked,I eaveson twigs,grass blades,flower petals,alI were sparkIing insun Iight.Fifteen milesoff,over theridge,across abroad vaIley and then over a higher,even steeperrange ofhills laythe youthhosteI:supper,company,a cooldip in the river.With a momentary intenselonging forice-axe,blizzard,glacier andhero ic exploi tnone ofwh ich wasat alI famiIiar tohim,Pau Istrode offunw iIIi ngIyto less dramatic but equaIIy heroicach ievement inthe tropicalheat ofan Englishsun.Al Iofthe fol lowingfailed towake Paulup EXCEPTthe.A.sun B.grasshopper C.fly D.tractor
37.It takesa while,as youwall around the streetsof Nantes,a cityof half a million people on the banks ofthe Loire River,to realize just what itis thatis odd.Then youget itThere areempty parking lots,which ishighly unusualin bigFrench towns.Two decadesof effortto makelife morelivable bydissuading peoplefrom drivinginto townhas madeNantes abeacon forother European cities seekingto shakedependence on the automobile.The effectswere clearrecently duringMobility Week,a campaignsponsored bythe EuropeanUnion thatprompted morethan1,000towns acrossthe Continentto testways ofmaking theirstreets,if notcar-free,at leastmanageable.quot;That isan awfullydifficult problem,quot;acknowledges JoelCrawford,an author and leaderofthe quot;car freequot;movement picking up adherents all over Europe.quot;You canrsquo;t takecars outof citiesuntil thereis somesort ofalternative inplace.But there arealot of forces pointinginthedirection ofa major reduction incar use,like the rise in fuel prices,and concernsabout globalwarming.quot;Last week,proclaiming theslogan quot;In Town,Without myCar!quot;hundreds of cities closedoff wholechunks oftheir centersto allbut essential traffic.Nantes closedjust afew streets,preferring tofocus onalternatives to driving soas topromote quot;Clever Commuting,quot;the themeof thisyearrsquo;s EUcampaign.Volunteers pedaled rickshaws alongthe cobbled streets,charging passengers$
1.20an hour;bikes wereavailable for free;and cityworkers encouragedchildren towall toschool along routes supervised by adults acting as Pied Pipers and picking up kids at arranged stops.The centerpieceisastate-of-the-art tramwayproviding serviceto muchofthe town,andanetwork offree,multistory parking lots toencourage commutersto quot;park andride.quot;Rene Vincendo,a retiredhospital workerwaiting atone suchparking lotfor hiswife to return fromthe citycenter,is sold.quot;To go into town,this isbrilliant,quot;he says.quot;I nevertake mycar innow.quot;It is not cheap,though.Beyond theconstruction costs,City Hallsubsidizes fares to the tune of60million euros$72million ayear,making passengerspay only40percent ofoperating costs.That is theonlywaytodraw peopleonto tramsand buses,says deRugy,since Nantes,like many Europeancities,is expanding,and commutersfind themselveswith ever-longer distancesto travel.The danger,he warns,is thatquot;the furtheryou godown theroute ofcar dependence,the harderitis to return,because somany shops,schools andother services are builtbeyond thereach of any financiallyfeasible public-transport network.quot;This,adds deRugy,means thatquot;transport policy is only half the answer.Urban plannersand transportauthorities haveto workhand inhand toensure thatservices areprovided closeto transportlinks.quot;The carrot-and-stick approachthat Nantes has takenmdash;cutting back on parkinginthetown center and making it expensive,while improving public transportmdash;has notreduced thenumberofcars on the road.But ithas quot;put abrake onthe increasewe wouldhave seenotherwisequot;and thatother Europeancities have seen,says DominiqueGodineau,head ofthe cityrsquo;s quot;mobility department.\What canbe inferredaboutthe cityof Nantes.A.Nantes iswiththebest trafficcondition inFrance.B.Nantes hasalmost shakenits independence onthe automobile.C.The governmentof Nantesis thefirst todissuade peoplefrom drivinginto town.D.The governmentof Nantessucceeds inraising peoplersquo;s livingstandard.
38.Chadrsquo;s governmenthas deni eda reportfromthe French embassythat rebelforces areadvancing onthe capitaINrsquo;Djamena.In astatement yesterday,off ic iaIs saidtherewasno co Iumnof rebels400km fromthe capital.They reassuredthe popuIationthat Nrsquo;Djamena isinnodanger.Chadrsquo;s governmenthasalsodepIoyed troopsaround the capital.Earlier yesterday,theFrench embassy inChad warnedthatarebe IcoIumn wasmov ingtowards thecapi taionthemain highway.Rebe Is attackedand brieflyheld theeastern cityof Abecheon Saturday,but governmentforces reclaimedthe cityyesterday.Francersquo;s ambassadorto Rwandahas leftthe countryfol lowingthe governmentrsquo;s decisionto cutits tieswith France.Off ic ia Issay FrenchAmbassador DominiqueDecherf boardedtheflight toEurope Saturday.Other Frenchdiplomats areexpected toleave thecountry withindays.The movewas triggeredby aFrench judgersquo;s decisionto issueinternational arrestwarrants fortop Rwandanoff icia Isin connectionwith Rwandarsquo;s1994genocide.Francersquo;s ForeignMinistry saidit regretsRwandarsquo;s decision.Where wasthe reportabout rebelforces from.A.Chadrsquo;s government.B.Cap itaINrsquo;Djamena.C.Frenchembassy.D.City of Abeche.
39.The needforasatisfactory educationis moreimportant thanever before.Nowadays,without aqualification from a reputableschool oruniversity,the oddsof landingthat plum job advertised inthe paper are considerably shortened.Moreover,onersquo;s presentlevel ofeducation couldfall wellshort offuture careerrequirements.It is no secretthat competitionis thedriving forcebehind theneedtoobtain increasinglyhigher qualifications.In themajority ofcases,the urgeto upgradeis nolonger theresult ofan insatiablethirst forknowledge.The pressureis comingfrom withinthe workplaceto competewith evermore qualified job applicants,and inmany occupationsone mustnow battlewith colleagues inthe reshuffle for the position one already holds.Striving tobecome better educated ishardly a new concept.Wealthy parentshave alwaysbeen willingto spend the vast amounts of extra money necessaryto send theirchildren toschools with a perceivededucational edge.Working adultshave longattended nightschools andrefresher courses.Competition foremployment hasbeen aroundsince thecurse of working fora livingbegan.Is thepresent situationso verydifferent to that ofthe pastThedifference nowis thatthe pushis universaland fromwithout as well as within.A studentat secondaryschool receivinglow gradesisnolonger aseasily acceptedby hisor herpeers aswas oncethe case.Similarly,inthe workplace,unless employeesare engagedin part-time study,they maybe frownedupon bytheir employersand peersand havedifficulty evenstanding still.In fact,in thesecases,the expectationis forcareers togo backwardsand earningcapacity totake anappreciable nosedive.At firstglance,the situationwould seemtobelaudablemdash;a positiveresponse to the exhortationbyaformer PrimeMinister,Bob Hawke,for Australiatobecomethe quot;clever countryquot;.Yet there are seriousramifications according to at least oneeducational psychologist.Dr BrendanGatsby hascaused somecontroversy in academic circlesby suggestingthatabias towards what heterms paperexcellence might cause more problems than itis supposed to solve.Gatsby raisesanumberof issuesthat affectthe individualaswellas societyingeneral.Firstly,he believesthe extraworkload involved is resulting in abnormallyhigh stresslevels in both students at secondaryschool and adults studying after working hours.Secondly,skills whichmight bemore relevantto theundertaking ofa sought-after jobare beingoverlooked byemployers interviewingcandidates withoutqualifications onpaper.These twoareas ofconcern for the individualare causingphysical andemotional stressrespectively.Gatsby alsoargues thatthere areattitudinal changes within society to the exalted role education now plays in determining how the spoilsofworkinglife are distributed.Individuals ofall ages are being driven bysocial pressures to achieve academic success solely for monetary considerations instead offorthe joy of enlightenment.There is the dangerthat someuniversities arebecoming degreefactories with an attendantdrop instandards.Furthermore,our educationsystem maybe rewardingdoggedness abovecreativitymdash;the verything Australianshave beenencouraged toavoid.But themost undesirableeffect of this academicpaper chase,Gatsby says,isthedisadvantage quot;user paysquot;higher educationconfers onthe poor,who invariablylose outto themore financiallyfavored.Naturally,although thereis agreementthat learningcan causestress,Gatsbyrsquo;s commentsregarding university standards have been roundly criticized as alarmist by most educationists who point outthat,by anystandard ofmeasurement,Australiarsquo;s educationsystem overall,at bothsecondary andtertiary levels,is equaltothatof anyintheworld.What makeshigher qualificationsimportant.A.Pressure ofcompetition.B.Thirst forknowledge.C.Development oftechnology.D.Employersrsquo;bias.
40.High in a smoothocean ofsky fIoateda dazzling,majestic sun.Fragments ofpowdery cloud,I ikespray flungfrom awave crest,sprinkled theradiant,I ake-bIue heaven.Re Iaxed ona bundleof hayinacomer ofa meadowbathed insun Iight,Paul laydreaming.A gentIe breezewas stirringthe surroundinghedges;bees moved,humming thoughtfuIIy,from scarI etpoppy topurp IethistIe;adistant Iark,invisible inbIueIight,was fIoodingthe vastrealm ofthe skywith glorioussong,asthesun wasf Ioodingtheearthwith brilliance.Beyond thehedge abrook tinkledover softIy-glowing pebbles.Butterflies hoveredabove noddingclover.An antwas busilyexploring theuncharted territoryof Paulrsquo;s suntannedwr ist.A grasshopperskidded brisklyover hisankle.And theblazing sunwas steadilyscorching hisfair freckledface tobright lobsterred.Neither sun,nor grasshopper,nor ant,however,was ableto arousehim.Not evenwhen afly startedcrawling overhis facedid heopen hiseyes.For Paulwasathousand milesaway,inaworld ofeternal snowand ice.Across thetowering mountainrange,a bittergale wasscreaming furiouslyaswithone handhe grippeda projectingknob of rock whiIe with hisaxe hehacked outthenextnarrowfoothoIdintherock.As theiri nfaIIi bIegu ide,he wasI eading hisgal Iant partyof cli mbersup atreacherous,vertical walIofrocktowards thelofty peakabove,hitherto unconqueredby man.A singleslip,however trivial,would probablyresult indeath foralIofthem.To hisright he could glimpsethe furrowedglacier sweepingtowards thevalley,but he was fartoo absorbedin histask toappreciate fullythe scenearound oreven tobe awareofaview ofaImost unearthlybeauty.A suddengust ofwind nearly torehim fromthe ledgewhere hewas perched.Gradually heraised hisfoot,tested thenew foothoIdonthesheer rockwall,transferred hisweight,andsi gnaIedto theclimbers beIow.Not untiIa tractorstarted workinginthenext fielddid hebecome consciousof hisfarfromicy surroundings.He satup,wiped his forehead withhis handkerchief,gIanced athis watchand sighedin resignation.He hada headachethrough sIeepinginthehot sun,a painin hisshoulder fromcarrying hisrucksack;his legsfelt stiffand hisfeet ached.With noenthusiasm whateverhe pulledthebulging rucksackoverhisshoulders anddrew alarge-scale mapfrom hispocket.At thefar endofthemeadow twosIates inthe wall,which atthis pointreplaced thehedge,indicated astiIe,and beyondhe couldfaintly seea thinthread ofpath whichdwindled andfinally disappearedas itcl imbedthe steepslope ofthe down,quivering inthe glareofthesun.The wholeof Natureseemedtobe luxuriatingin warmth,sunshine andpeace.Wherever helooked,I eaveson twigs,grass blades,flower petals,alIwere sparkIing insun Iight.Fifteen milesoff,over theridge,across abroad valleyand thenovera higher,even steeperrange ofhills laythe youthhosteI:supper,company,a cooldip inthe river.With amomentary intenselonging forice-axe,blizzard,glacier andhero ic exploi tnone ofwh ich wasatalI famiIiar tohim,Pau Istrode offunw iIIi ngIytoless dramaticbut equaIIy heroicach ievement inthe tropicalheat ofan Englishsun.What didthe anton PauTs wristfeel about it.A.It wasa newarea fordiscovery.B.It wasverylarge.C.It wasvery dangerous.D.It wasunattractive.
41.Imdash;Interviewer;Mmdash;MichaelIWith allyour experienceof interviewing,Michael,how canyou tellif somebodyis goingtomakeagoodinterviewerMOh,I say,what aquestion!Irsquo;ve neverbeen askedthat before.
[1]I thinkthattheprerequisite obviouslyis curiosity.I thinkthatrsquo;sanatural one,not anassumed one.I thinkthe peoplewho have,um,done myjob,and thegraveyard ofthe BBCis litteredwith them.Their tombstonesare there,youknow,who failed,have beenbecause basicallytheyrsquo;ve notbeen journalists.Urn,my trainingwas injournalism.Irsquo;vebeen26years ajournalist,and tobeajournalist arguesthat youlike meetingpeople-to startwith,and alsoyou wantto findout aboutthem.So thatrsquo;stheprerequisite.After that,I thinktherersquo;s somethingelse comesinto it,into play,and I think...most successfuljournalists haveit.Itrsquo;sacurious kind of affinitywith people.Itrsquo;sanability togetonwith people.Itrsquo;sakindofbody warmth,if youlike.If youknew thesecret ofit andcould bottleit andsell it,yoursquo;d makea fortune.IWhen yoursquo;ve doneaninterviewyourself,how doyou feelwhether itrsquo;sbeenagoodinterview ornot agood interviewM
[2]Icannever really,er,tell onair.I haveto watchit back,because televisiondepends somuch onyour directorgetting theright shot,therightreaction.You canrsquo;t.Itrsquo;s amazing.Sometimes I think quot;Oh,thatrsquo;saboring interviewquot;and justbecause ofthe waymy directorshot it,and shotreaction,hersquo;s composeda picturethatrsquo;smadeit farmore interestingthan itactually was.I
[3]How doyou bringoutthebest inpeople,because youalways seemto manageto,not onlyrelax them,but somehowget rightinto thedepths ofthem.MBy research,by knowing,when you go intoa televisionstudio,more aboutthe guestin frontof youthan theyrsquo;ve forgottenabout themselves.And,I mean,thatrsquo;s pureresearch.You probablyuse,ina20minute interview,I probablyuse,a20thofthe researchmaterial that Irsquo;ve absorbed,but thatrsquo;swhat yoursquo;ve gottohaveto do.I onceinterviewed RobertMitchum for75minutes and the longestreply Igot fromhim wasquot;yesquot;.And that...thatrsquo;stheonly timeIrsquo;ve usedevery ounceof researchand everyquestion thatIrsquo;ve everthought of,andafew thatI hadnrsquo;t thoughtof aswell.But thatreally isthe answermdash;itrsquo;s research.When peoplesay toyou,youknow,quot;Oh,you goout andwing itquot;,I mean,thatrsquo;s nonsense.If anybodyever triesto tellyou thatasaninterviewer juststarting,that youwing it,therersquo;snosuch thing.Itrsquo;s allpreparation.Itrsquo;s knowingexactly what yoursquo;re goingto doatanygiven pointand knowingwhat youwant fromthe person.IAnd doesthat includestickingrsquo;to writtenquestions ordoyoudeviateMNo,I meanwhat youdo isyouhavean aidememoir.My listof questionsarenrsquo;t questionsas such.Theyrsquo;re areas thatIblock out.And indeed,I canrsquo;t remember...
[4]I canrsquo;t recall,apart fromthe aforesaidMr.Mitchum experience,when Irsquo;ve everstuck tothat at all,because,quite oftenyoursquo;11find thatthey spinoff intoareasthat yoursquo;ve notreally thoughtabout andperhaps itrsquo;s worthpursuing sometimes.The jobis verymuch like,actually,a trafficcop;yoursquo;re likeyoursquo;re onpoint dutyand yoursquo;re directingthe flowof traffic.Well,yoursquo;re directingthe flowof conversation.Thatrsquo;s basicallywhat yoursquo;re doing,when yoursquo;re doinga talk-show,in myview.IHave yougot alast wordof encouragementfor any young peoplesetting outon whattheyrsquo;d like tobea careerasaninterviewerMI...I envythem.I reallydo.I meanIrsquo;d goback anddo itall again.
[5]I thinkitrsquo;sthemost perfectjob foranyyoungperson whorsquo;s gottalent andambition andenergy.And thenice thingabout itis thatthe proportionof talentis indeedonly5per cent,the other95per centis energy,and therersquo;snoexaminations topass.Irsquo;d loveto doit overagain.Why Michaelhas towatch the interview backto tellwhether itsbeenagoodone.A.Because heisnrsquo;t confidentenough inhimself.B.Because heusually is too indulgedintheinterview tobe awareof hisown performance.C.Because television interview isoften more interestingthan itactuallyis.D.Because televisioninterview dependsmuch onthe waythe directorshoots it.
42.Scientists inthe UShave createdanewstrain ofmosquito thatrsquo;s resistantto malaria,meaning itcanrsquo;t thenpass thedisease ontohumans.But theirrelease into thewiId isseveralyearsaway.Scientists saythis isa keystep onalongjourney towardsfighting thedisease withgeneticaI Iymodif iedmosquitoes.The researchersused asingle genetictweak tointerfere withthe productionofamo Iecu Ieinthe insectrsquo;s gut.Previous studieshave attempteda similarapproach,but this isthefirst time that scientistshave compI eteIybIocked thedeveIopment ofthe malariaparasite insidethemosquito.This renderedtheinsectunabletospread thedisease.The u11imateaimis torelease C.Peters motheris comingfor dinner.D.Peter canthearthem.
9.{{B}}Questions11to18are basedontheconversation youhave justheard.{{/B}}A.All thestudents wouldlike aformal ball.B.Raising moneywillbehard.C.The festivalwill beginthe yearnicely.D.The clubneeds somesports aswell.
10.{{B}}Quest ions11to18are basedontheconversation youhave justheard.{{/B}}A.At arestaurant.B.In astore specializingin seashells.C.On afishing boat.D.In thefresh oceanair.
11.{{B}}Passage OneQuesti ons26to28are basedonthepassage youhave justheard.{{/B}}A.Because lifeinthecountryis more interesting.,rB.Because theyare insearch ofthe,good life.C.Because thereare morejob opportunities.D.Because peopletherearevery kindto thenew comers.
12.{{B}}Quest ions11to18are basedontheconversation youhave justheard.{{/B}}these malaria-resistant mosquitoesinto thewild,but scientistswiI I firstneedto workonmoregenetictrickerytogivetheirinsectsacompetitiveadvantageover thei rdisease-spread ing counterparts.Which ofthe fol lowing descript ionis INCORRECT.A.The newstrain ofmosquito hasbeen releasedinto thewiId.B.Scientists have done similar researchesbefore.C.The newstrain ofmosquito cannotspread thedisease.D.This kindofmosquitois geneticallymodified.
43.Isnrsquo;titamazing howone person,sharing oneidea,attheright timeand placecan changethe courseof yourlifersquo;s historyThis iscertainly whathappened inmy life.When I was14,I washitchhiking fromHouston,Texas,through ElPaso onmy wayto California.I wasfollowing my dream,journeying withthesun.I wasa highschool dropoutwith learningdisabilities and wasset onsurfing thebiggest wavesintheworld,firstinCalifornia andthen inHawaii,where Iwould laterlive.Upon reachingdowntown ElPaso,I metan oldman,a bum,onthestreet comer.He sawme walking,stopped meand questionedme asI passedby.He askedme ifIwasrunning away from home,I supposebecause Ilooked soyoung.I toldhim,quot;Not exactly,sir,quot;since myfather hadgiven mea ride to thefreeway inHouston andgiven mehis blessings while saying,quot;It isimportant tofollow your dream and what isinyour heart,son.quot;The bumthen askedme ifhe couldbuy mea cupof coffee.I toldhim,quot;No,sir,butasoda wouldbe great.quot;We walkedtoacomer maltshop andsat downonacouple ofswiveling stoolswhilewe enjoyedour drinks.After conversingforafew minutes,the friendlyburn toldme tofollow him.He toldmethathe hadsomething grandto showmeandshare withme.We walkedacouple of blocksuntil wecame upon the downtown ElPaso Public Library.We walkedup itsfront steps and stoppedatasmall information stand.Here thebum spoketoasmiling oldlady,and askedher ifshe wouldbe kindenough towatch mythings foramoment while heand Ientered thelibrary.I leftmy belongingswith thisgrandmotherly figureand enteredinto thismagnificent hall of learning.The bumfirst ledme toa tableand askedmetosit downand waitforamomentwhilehelookedfor somethingspecial amongstthe shelves.A fewmoments later,he returnedwith acouple ofold booksunder hisarms andset themonthetable.He thensat downbeside meand spoke.He startedwith afew statementsthat werevery specialand thatchanged mylife.He said,quot;There aretwo thingsthatIwanttoteach you,young man,and theyare thesequot;Number oneis to never judge a book by its cover,foracover canfool you.quot;He followedwith,quot;I betyou thinkIrsquo;ma bum,donrsquo;tyou,young manquot;I said,quot;Well,uh,yes,I guessso,sir.quot;quot;Well,young man,Irsquo;ve gota littlesurprisefor you.I amone ofthe wealthiestmen intheworld.I haveprobably everythingany mancould everwant.I originallycomefromthe Northeastand haveall the thingsthat moneycanbuy.But ayear ago,my wifepassed away,bless hersoul,and sincethen I have beendeeply reflectingupon life.I realized therewere certainthings Ihad notyet experienced inlife,one ofwhich waswhat itwouldbeliketolive likeabum onthe streets.I madea commitmentto myselfto doexactly thatfor oneyear.For thepast year,I havebeen goingfrom cityto citydoing justthat.So,you see,donrsquo;t everjudgeabookbyitscover,foracover canfool you.quot;quot;Number twoistolearn howto read,my boy,for thereis onlyone thingthat peoplecanrsquo;t takeawayfromyou,and thatis yourwisdom.quot;At thatmoment,he reachedforward,grabbed myright hand in hisand putthem upon the bookshersquo;d pulled fromthe shelves.They werethe writingsof Platoand Aristot lemdash;immortal classicsfrom ancienttimes.The bumthen ledme backpast thesmiling oldwoman nearthe entrance,down thestepsandback onthe streetsnear wherewe firstmet.His partingrequest wasfor metoneverforget whathe taughtme.The authorrecognized the oldmanasabum probablybecause.A.the oldman askedfor moneyfromhimB.the oldman wassleeping onthestreetcorner C.the oldman waspoorly dressedD.theoldman toldhim so
44.It takesa while,as youwalI aroundthe streetsof Nantes,a cityof haI famiIIionpeopIeonthebanks ofthe LoireRiver,to realize justwhat itis thatis odd.Then youget it:There areempty parkinglots,which ishighly unusuaIin bigFrench towns.Two decadesof efforttomakeIife moreIivabIe bydissuading peopIefrom drivinginto townhas madeNantes abeacon forother Europeancities seekingto shakedependence onthe automobiIe.The effectswere clearrecently duringMobi Iity Week,a campaignsponsored bythe EuropeanUnion thatprompted morethan1,000towns acrossthe Continentto testways ofmaking theirstreets,if notcar-free,at leastmanageabIe.quot;That isan awfuIIy difficultproblem,quot;acknowledges JoelCrawford,an authorand leaderofthequot;car freequot;movement pickingup adherentsalIover Europe.quot;You canrsquo;t takecars outof citiesuntiI thereis somesort ofalternative inplace.But therearealot offorces pointinginthedirect ionofa majorreductionincar use,Iiketherise infue Ipr ices,and concernsabout gIobaIwarming.quot;Last week,proclaiming thesIogan quot;In Town,Without myCar!quot;hundreds ofcities cIosedoff wholechunks oftheir centersto alI butessential traffic.Nantes cIosedjust afew streets,preferring tofocus onalternatives todriving soas topromote quot;Clever Commuting,quot;the themeof thisyearrsquo;s EUcampa ign.Vo Iunteers pedaled ri ckshawsaIongthecobb Ied streets,charg ing passengers$
1.20an hour;bikes wereava iI ablefor free;and cityworkers encouragedchiIdren towal Ito schooIalong routessupervised byadults actingas PiedPipers andpickingupkids atarranged stops.The centerpieceisastate-of-the-art tramwayproviding serviceto muchofthetown,andanetwork offree,multistory parkinglots toencourage commutersto quot;park andr ide.quot;Rene Vincendo,a retiredhospital workerwaiting atone suchparkinglotfor hiswife to return fromthe citycenter,is sold.quot;To gointo town,thisisbrilliant,quot;he says.quot;I nevertake mycar innow.quot;11is notcheap,though.Beyond theconstruction costs,City HalI subsidizesfares to the tuneof60million euros$72mi II ionayear,making passengerspay only40percent ofoperating costs.That todraw istheonlyway peopIeonto tramsand buses,says deRugy,since Nantes,I ikemany Europeancities,is expanding,and commutersfind themselveswith ever-longer distancesto travel.The danger,he warns,is thatquot;the furtheryougodown theroute ofcar dependence,the harderitistoreturn,because somany shops,schooIs andother services are builtbeyond thereach ofany fi nanc iaI lyf eas i bIe pub I ic-transport network.quot;This,adds deRugy,means thatquot;transport policy is only halfthe answer.Urban plannersand transportauthorities haveto workhand inhand toensure thatservicesareprovided closeto transportI inks.quot;The carrot-and-stick approachthat Nanteshas takenmdash;cutt ing backon parkinginthetown centerand mak ingit expens ive,while improv ing pubIic transportmdash;has notreduced thenumberofcars onthe road.But ithas quot;put abrake onthe increasewe wouldhave seenotherwisequot;and thatother Europeancities haveseen,says DominiqueGodineau,head ofthe cityrsquo;squot;mob iIity department.\Car usecanbereduced because ofalIofthe folIowings EXCEPT.A.rise infuel priceB.alternatives forcar C.peopIersquo;s environmentaI awarenessD.heavy trafficjam
45.Chadrsquo;s governmenthas denieda reportfromtheFrenchembassythat rebelforces areadvancing onthe capitalNrsquo;Djamena.In astatement yesterday,officials saidtherewasno columnof rebels400km fromthecapital.They reassuredthe populationthat Nrsquo;Djamena isinnodanger.Chadrsquo;s governmenthasalsodeployed troopsaroundthecapital.Earlier yesterday,theFrenchembassy inChad warnedthatarebel columnwas movingtowards thecapital onthemainhighway.Rebels attackedand brieflyheld theeastern cityofAbecheon Saturday,but governmentforces reclaimedthe cityyesterday.Francersquo;s ambassadorto Rwandahas leftthecountryfollowing thegovernmentrsquo;s decisionto cutits tieswith France.Officials sayFrenchAmbassadorDominiqueDecherfboardedtheflight toEurope Saturday.Other Frenchdiplomats areexpected toleave thecountry withindays.The movewas triggeredbyaFrench judgersquo;s decisionto issueinternational arrestwarrants fortop Rwandanofficials inconnection withRwandarsquo;s1994genocide.Francersquo;s ForeignMinistry saidit regretsRwandarsquo;s decision.France sambassador hasleft Rwandabecause Rwandahas decidedto.A.stay awayfrom possibledanger B.show Franceits powerC.cut theconnection betweenthe twocountries D.arrest some ofthetop Rwandanofficials
46.The needforasat isfactoryeducat ionismoreimportant thanever before.Nowadays,without aqua Iificat ion froma reputableschooI oruniversity,the oddsof Iandingthatplumjobadvertisedinthepaperareconsiderablyshortened.Moreover,onersquo;s presentlevel ofeducat ion couldfaIIweIIshort offuture careerrequirements.It isno secretthat compelitionisthedriving forcebehind theneedtoobtain increasinglyhigher qua I ifications.In themajority ofcases,the urgeto upgradeisnolonger theresult ofan insatiablethirst forknowledge.The pressureis comingfrom withintheworkplaceto competewith evermore quaIifiedjobapp Iicants,andinmanyoccupat ionsone mustnow battIewith colleaguesinthereshuffleforthepositiononealreadyholds.Str ivi ngtobecomebettereducatedishard Iyanew concept.Wea Ithy parentshaveaI waysbeen wiIIingtospendthe vastamountsofextramoneynecessarytosendtheirchi Idrento schooIswith aperceived educationaIedge.Working adultshave longattended nightschooIs andrefresher courses.Competition forempIoyment hasbeen aroundsincethecurse ofworking fora Iivingbegan.Is thepresent situationso verydifferent tothatofthe pastThedifference nowis thatthe pushis universaland fromwithout asweII aswithin.A studentat secondary schooI receivinglow gradesisnolonger aseasily acceptedby hisor herpeers aswas oncethe case.Simi larly9intheworkplace,unless employeesare engagedin part-time study,they maybe frownedupon bytheir employersand peersand havedifficulty evenstanding still.In fact,in thesecases,the expectationisforcareers togo backwardsand earningcapacity totake anappreciable nosedive.At firstglance,thesi tuationwould seemtobelaudablemdash;a positiveresponse tothe exhortationbyaformer PrimeMinister,Bob Hawke,for Australiatobecomethequot;clever countryquot;.Yet thereare seriousramif icationsaccordingtoat leastone educationaIpsychologist.Dr BrendanGatsby hascaused somecontroversy inacademic circlesby suggestingthatabias towardswhatheterms paperexceI Iencemightcausemoreproblemsthanitissupposed tosolve.Gatsby raisesanumberof issuesthat affectthe individualasweIIas soc i etyingeneral.Firstly,hebeIi evesthe extraworkload invo Ivedisresultinginabnormal lyhigh stressI eveIsinbothstudentsatsecondaryschooIandadultsstudyingafterworkinghours.Second Iyfski IIs whichmight bemore relevanttotheundertaking ofa sought-after jobare beingoverlooked byemployers interviewingcandidates withoutquaIifications onpaper.These twoareas ofconcern forthe individualare causingphysicaI andemotionaI stressrespectiveIy.Gatsby alsoarguesthatthereareattitud inaIchangeswithinsoc ietytotheexaI tedroleeducationnowplaysindetermininghowthespoiIs ofworking Iifearedistributed.Individuals ofalIagesarebeingdriven bysociaIpressurestoachieveacademicsuccesssolelyformonetaryconsiderationsinsteadofforthejoyofenlightenment.There isthe dangerthat someuniversities arebecoming degreefactories withan attendantdrop instandards.Furthermore,our educationsystem maybe rewardingdoggedness abovecreativitymdash;the verything Australianshavebeenencouraged toavoid.But themost undesirableeffect ofthis academicpaper chase,Gatsby says,isthedisadvantage quot;user paysquot;higher educationconfers onthe poor,who invariablylose outtothemore financiallyfavored.Naturally,although thereis agreementthat learningcan causestress,Gatsbyrsquo;s commentsregard ing univers itystandardshavebeenroundlycriticizedasalarmistbymosteducationistswhopointoutthat,byanystandard ofmeasurement,AustraIi arsquo;s educat ionsystem overalI,at bothsecondary andtertiary levels,is equaltothatofanyintheworld.What canbe inferredabout today,s employeesintheworkplace accordingtothepassage.A.They seIdomdo part-time study.B.They mayhave troublewith workwithout furtherstudy.C.They usuallydo notget alongweII withone another.D.They oftenfrown duetothepressure fromwork.
47.High ina smoothocean ofsky floateda dazzling,majestic sun.Fragments ofpowdery cloud,like sprayflungfromawavecrest,sprinkled theradiant,lake-blue heaven.Relaxed ona bundleof hayinacomer ofa meadowbathed insunlight,Paul laydreaming.A gentlebreezewasstirringthesurroundinghedges;bees moved,humming thoughtfully,from scarletpoppy topurple thistle;a distantlark,invisible inblue light,was flooding thevastrealm ofthe skywith glorioussong,asthesunwasfloodingtheearthwithbrilliance.Beyond thehedge abrook tinkledover softly-glowing pebbles.Butterflies hoveredabove noddingclover.An antwas busilyexploring theuncharted territoryof Paulrsquo;s suntannedwrist.A grasshopperskidded brisklyoverhisankle.And theblazing sunwas steadilyscorching hisfair freckledface tobright lobsterred.Neither sun,nor grasshopper,nor ant,however,was ableto arousehim.Not evenwhen afly startedcrawling overhis facedid heopen hiseyes.For Paulwasathousand milesaway,inaworld ofeternal snowand ice.Across thetowering mountainrange,a bittergale wasscreaming furiouslyaswithonehandhe grippeda projectingknob ofrock whilewithhisaxehehackedoutthenextnarrow footholdintherock.As theirinfallible guide,hewasleading hisgallant partyof climbersup atreacherous,vertical wallofrocktowardsthelofty peakabove,hitherto unconqueredby man.A singleslip,however trivial,would probablyresultindeath forallofthem.To hisright hecould glimpsethe furrowedglacier sweepingtowardsthevalley,but hewas fartoo absorbedin histask toappreciate fullythe scenearound oreven tobe awareofaview ofalmost unearthlybeauty.A suddengust ofwind nearlytorehimfromtheledgewherehewasperched.Gradually heraised hisfoot,tested thenew footholdonthesheer rockwall,transferred hisweight,and signaledtotheclimbers below.Not untila tractorstarted workinginthenext fielddid hebecome consciousof hisfarfromicy surroundings.He satup,wipedhisforeheadwithhishandkerchief,glanced athis watchand sighedin resignation.He hada headachethrough sleepinginthehot sun,a painin hisshoulder fromcarrying hisrucksack;his legsfelt stiffand hisfeet ached.With noenthusiasm whateverhe pulledthebulgingrucksackoverhisshouldersanddrewalarge-scale mapfrom hispocket.At thefar endofthemeadow twoslates inthe wall,which atthis pointreplaced thehedge,indicated astile,and beyondhecouldfaintly seea thinthread ofpath whichdwindled andfinally disappearedas itclimbed thesteepslopeofthedown,quivering inthe glareofthesun.The wholeof Natureseemedtobe luxuriatingin warmth,sunshine andpeace.Wherever helooked,leaves ontwigs,grass blades,flower petals,all weresparkling insunlight.Fifteen milesoff,overtheridge,across abroad valleyandthenoverahigher,even steeperrange ofhills laythe youthhostelsupper,company,a cooldip inthe river.With amomentary intenselonging forice-axe,blizzard,glacier andheroic exploitnone ofwhich wasatallfamiliar tohim,Paul strodeoff unwillinglytolessdramaticbutequally heroicachievement inthe tropicalheat ofan Englishsun.All ofthe followingare similaritiesbetween Pauls dreamandthejourney ahead of himEXCEPT that..A.they bothdemanded skilland courageB.the weatherconditions inboth wereextreme C.they bothcould offerworthwhile viewsD.they bothinvolved hardship
48.It takesa while,as youwalI aroundthe streetsofNantes,a cityof halfa mi IIion peopIeonthebanksoftheLoireRiver,to realizejustwhat itisthatisodd.Then youget it:There areempty parkinglots,which ishighly unusuaIin bigFrench towns.Two decadesof efforttomakeI ifemoreIivabIe bydissuading peopIefrom drivinginto townhas madeNantes abeacon forother Europeancities seekingto shakedependenceontheautomobiIe.The effectswere clearrecently duringMobi Iity Week,a campaignsponsored bythe EuropeanUnion thatprompted morethan1,000towns acrossthe Continentto testways ofmaking theirstreets,if notcar-free,at leastmanageabIe.quot;That isan awfuIIy difficultproblem,quot;acknowledges JoelCrawford,an authorand leaderofthequot;car freequot;movement pickingup adherentsalIoverEurope.quot;You canrsquo;t takecars outofcitiesuntiI thereis somesort ofalternative inplace.But therearealot offorces pointinginthedirection ofamajorreduction incar use,I iketheriseinfuelprices,and concernsabout gIobaIwarming.quot;Last week,proclaiming thesIogan quot;In Town,Without myCar!quot;hundreds ofcities cIosedoff wholechunks oftheir centersto alI butessentialtraffic.Nantes closedjust afew streets,preferring tofocus onalternatives todriving soas topromote quot;Clever Commuting,quot;the themeofthisyearrsquo;s EUcampa ign.Vo Iunteers pedaledri ckshawsaIongthecobb Iedstreets,charg ing passengers$
1.20an hour;bikes wereava iI ableforfree;and cityworkers encouragedchiIdren towal Ito schooIalongroutessupervisedbyadultsactingasPiedPipersandpickingupkidsatarrangedstops.The centerpieceisastate-of-the-art tramwayproviding serviceto muchofthetown,andanetwork offree,multistory parkinglots toencourage commutersto quot;park andr ide.quot;Rene Vincendo,a retiredhospital workerwaiting atone suchparkinglotfor hiswife toreturn fromthecitycenter,is sold.quot;To gointo town,thisisbrilliant,quot;he says.quot;I nevertake mycar innow.quot;11isnotcheap,though.Beyond theconstruction costs,City HalI subsidizesfarestothetuneof60million euros$72miIIionayear,making passengerspay only40percent ofoperating costs.That istheonlywaytodraw peopIeonto tramsand buses,says deRugy,since Nantes,I ikemanyEuropeancities,is expanding,and commutersfind themseIveswith ever-longer distancesto travel.The danger,he warns,isthatquot;the furtheryougodown theroute ofcar dependence,the harderitistoreturn,A.He didnt thinkitasuccess.B.He waslistening tooattentively tothe speakers.C.He waspuzzled bywhatthespeakers said.D.He hadnothing tosay.
13.{{B}}Passage OneQuesti ons26to28are basedonthepassage youhave justheard.{{/B}}A.Life isquiet andrelaxed.B.There isnt muchto doat night.C.People thereare livinga simpleand hardlife.D.There arent manytheaters andrestaurants there.
14.{{B}}Quest ions11to18are basedontheconversation youhave justheard.{{/B}}A.She wasextremely happywith her exams.B.She wasnot sureaboutthe resultsof herexams.C.She couldnt believetheresultsofherexams.D.She wasnot satisfiedwith herexams atall.
15.{{B}}Passage OneQuesti ons26to28are basedonthepassage youhave justheard.{{/B}}A.To saveup somemoney.B.To enjoyyourself mostbeforeyoumove.C.To readmore booksto knowmore aboutthe lifeinthesmall town.D.To spendsometimeinavillage tomake sureif youare usedtothebecause somany shops,schooIs andother servicesare builtbeyond thereach ofany fi nanciaIIyfeasi bIepubIic-transport network.quot;This,adds deRugy,means thatquot;transport policyisonlyhalftheanswer.Urban plannersand transportauthorities havetoworkhandinhand toensure thatservicesareprovided closeto transportI inks.quot;The carrot-and-stick approachthat Nanteshas takenmdash;cutt ing backon parkinginthetowncenterandmak ingitexpensive,while improv ingpubIic transportmdash;has notreduced thenumberofcars onthe road.But ithas quot;put abrake onthe increasewe wouldhaveseenotherwisequot;and thatother Europeancities haveseen,says DominiqueGodineau,headofthe cityrsquo;squot;mob iIity department.\What1sthedifference betweenNantes andother cities which wantreduction incar use.A.Nantes getsmore serioustraffic problems.B.Nantes doesnrsquo;t closeoff anystreets.C.Nanteshasbetter pubIi ctransport system.D.Nantes paysmore attentionto alternativestodriving.
49.Imdash;Interviewer;Mmdash;MichaelIWith allyour experienceof interviewing,Michael,how canyou tellif somebodyis goingtomakeagoodinterviewerMOh,I say,what aquestion!Irsquo;ve neverbeen askedthat before.
[1]I thinkthattheprerequisite obviouslyis curiosity.Ithinkthatrsquo;sanatural one,not anassumed one.Ithinkthe peoplewhohave,um,done myjob,andthegraveyard ofthe BBCis litteredwith them.Their tombstonesare there,youknow,who failed,havebeenbecause basicallytheyrsquo;ve notbeen journalists.Urn,my trainingwas injournalism.Irsquo;vebeen26yearsajournalist,andtobeajournalist arguesthatyoulike meetingpeople-to startwith,and alsoyouwantto findout aboutthem.So thatrsquo;stheprerequisite.After that,Ithinktherersquo;s somethingelse comesinto it,into play,and Ithink...mostsuccessfuljournalists haveit.Itrsquo;sacurious kindof affinitywith people.Itrsquo;sanability togetonwith people.Itrsquo;sakindofbody warmth,if youlike.If youknew thesecret ofit andcould bottleit andsell it,yoursquo;d makea fortune.IWhen yoursquo;vedoneaninterviewyourself,how doyou feelwhether itrsquo;sbeenagoodinterview ornot agood interviewM
[2]Icannever really,er,tell onair.I havetowatchit back,because televisiondepends somuch onyour directorgetting theright shot,therightreaction.You canrsquo;t.Itrsquo;s amazing.Sometimes Ithink quot;Oh,thatrsquo;saboring interviewquot;and justbecauseofthe waymy directorshot it,and shotreaction,hersquo;s composeda picturethatrsquo;smadeit farmoreinterestingthanitactually was.I
[3]How doyou bringoutthebest inpeople,because youalways seemto manageto,not onlyrelax them,but somehowget rightinto thedepths ofthem.MBy research,by knowing,when yougointoa televisionstudio,more aboutthe guestin frontof youthan theyrsquo;ve forgottenabout themselves.And,I mean,thatrsquo;s pureresearch.You probablyuse,ina20minute interview,I probablyuse,a20thofthe researchmaterial thatIrsquo;ve absorbed,but thatrsquo;swhatyoursquo;ve gottohaveto do.I onceinterviewed RobertMitchum for75minutes andthe longestreply Igot fromhim wasquot;yesquot;.And that...thatrsquo;stheonly timeIrsquo;ve usedevery ounceof researchand everyquestion thatIrsquo;ve everthoughtof,andafew thatI hadnrsquo;t thoughtof aswell.But thatreally isthe answermdash;itrsquo;s research.When peoplesay toyou,youknow,quot;Oh,yougoout andwing itquot;,I mean,thatrsquo;s nonsense.If anybodyever triesto tellyou thatasaninterviewer juststarting,thatyouwing it,therersquo;snosuch thing.Itrsquo;sallpreparation.Itrsquo;s knowingexactly whatyoursquo;re goingto doatanygiven pointand knowingwhatyouwant fromthe person.IAnd doesthat includestickingrsquo;to writtenquestions ordoyoudeviateMNo,I meanwhatyoudo isyouhavean aidememoir.My listof questionsarenrsquo;t questionsas such.Theyrsquo;re areasthatIblock out.And indeed,I canrsquo;t remember...
[4]I canrsquo;t recall,apart fromthe aforesaidMr.Mitchum experience,when Irsquo;ve everstuck tothat atall,because,quite oftenyoursquo;11find thatthey spinoff intoareasthatyoursquo;ve notreally thoughtabout andperhaps itrsquo;s worthpursuing sometimes.The jobis verymuch like,actually,a trafficcop;yoursquo;relikeyoursquo;re onpoint dutyand yoursquo;re directingthe flowof traffic.Well,yoursquo;re directingthe flowof conversation.Thatrsquo;s basicallywhatyoursquo;re doing,when yoursquo;re doinga talk-show,inmyview.IHave yougotalast wordof encouragementforanyyoung peoplesetting outon whattheyrsquo;dliketobea careerasaninterviewerMI...I envythem.I reallydo.I meanIrsquo;d goback anddoitall again.
[5]Ithinkitrsquo;sthemost perfectjob foranyyoungperson whorsquo;s gottalent andambition andenergy.And thenice thingaboutitisthatthe proportionof talentis indeedonly5per cent,the other95per centis energy,and therersquo;snoexaminations topass.Irsquo;d loveto doit overagain.How doesMichael manageto bringoutthebest inpeople.A.By communicatingwith themin advance.B.By exudingagreatsense ofhumor duringtheinterview.C.By doingthorough researchesinto themin advance.D.By askingthought-provoking questions.
50.Isnrsquo;titamazing howone person,sharing oneidea,attheright timeand placecan changethe courseof yourIifersquo;s historyThis iscertainly whathappened inmy Iife.When Iwas14,Iwashitchhiking fromHouston,Texas,through ElPaso onmy wayto California.Iwasfollowingmydream,journeying withthesun.IwasahighschooI dropoutwith learningdisabiI itiesandwassetonsurfingthebiggestwavesintheworId,firstinCalifornia andthen inHawai ivwhere Iwould laterIive.Upon reachingdowntownElPaso,I metan oldman,abum,onthestreet comer.He sawme walking,stopped meand questionedme asI passedby.He askedme ifIwasrunning awayfrom home,I supposebecause IIooked soyoung.I toldhim,quot;Not exactIy,sir,quot;since myfather hadgiven mearidetothefreewayinHoustonandgivenmehisbIessi ngswhilesaying,quot;It isimportant tofollowyourdreamandwhatisinyourheart,son.quot;The bumthen askedme ifhecouldbuy mea cupof coffee.I toldhim,quot;No,sir,butasoda wouldbe great.quot;We waIkedtoacomer maltshop andsat downonacoupIeofswivel ingstoo Iswhileweenjoyedourdrinks.After conversingforafew minutes,the friendlyburn toldmetofollow him.He toldmethathe hadsomething grandtoshowmeandshare withme.We waIkedacoupIe ofbIocks untiIwecameupon thedowntownE1PasoPubIi cLibrary.We waIkedup itsfront stepsand stoppedatasmal Iinformationstand.Here thebum spoketoasmi Iing oldlady,and askedher ifshe wouldbe kindenough towatch mythings foramomentwhileheand Ientered theI ibrary.I leftmy belongingswith thisgrandmotherly figureand enteredinto thismagn ificent haIIof learning.The bumfirst ledmetoa tableand askedmetosit downand waitforamomentwhilehe Iookedfor somethingspecial amongsttheshelves.A fewmoments later,he returnedwithacoupleofold booksunder hisarms andset themonthetable.He thensat downbeside meand spoke.He startedwithafew statementsthat werevery speciaIand thatchangedmyIife.He said,quot;There aretwo thingsthatIwanttoteach you,young man,and theyare these:quot;Number oneistonever judgeabookbyitscover,foracover canfool you.quot;He foII owedwith,quot;I betyou thinklrsquo;mabum,donrsquo;tyou,young manquot;I said,quot;WelIv uh,yes,I guessso,sir.quot;quot;WelI,youngman,Irsquo;ve gotaIittIe surpriseforyou.Iamone ofthe wealthiestmen intheworld.Ihaveprobably everythingany mancould everwant.I originallycomefromthe Northeastand havealIthethingsthatmoneycanbuy.But ayear ago,my wifepassed away,bless hersoul,and sincethen Ihavebeendeep Iy reflectingupon Iife.I realizedtherewerecertainthingsIhadnotyetexperiencedinIife,one ofwhich waswhatitwouldbeliketoIiveI ikeabumonthe streets.I madea commi tmentto myseIftodoexactIythatfor oneyear.For thepast year,Ihavebeen goingfrom cityto citydoing justthat.So,you see,donrsquo;t everjudgeabookbyitscover,foracover canfool you.quot;quot;Number twoistolearn howto read,my boy,for thereisonlyone thingthat peopIecanrsquo;t takeawayfromyou,and thatis yourwisdom.quot;At thatmoment,he reachedforward,grabbed myright handinhisand putthem uponthe bookshersquo;d pulledfromtheshelves.They werethe writingsof Platoand Ari stotIemdash;i mmortaIclassicsfromancienttimes.The bumthen ledme backpast thesmi Iingoldwomanneartheentrance,down thestepsandbackonthestreetsnear wherewe firstmet.H ispartingrequest wasfor metoneverforget whathe taughtme.Which ofthefollowing statementsis TRUEabouttheoldman.A.He wasabum.B.His wifedied whenhewasyoung.C.He knewthe author.D.He hadthought theauthoratruant.life there.
16.{{B}}Quest ions11to18are basedontheconversation youhave justheard.{{/B}}A.She wantstoworkagain tomorrow.B.She,s willingto stopworking.C.She wantsto considerhalfaday swork asa fullday.D.She sunhappy towork solong withoutpay.
17.{{B}}Quest ions11to18are basedontheconversation youhave justheard.{{/B}}A.Make hisown arrangements.B.Go tothe placesshe likes.C.See atravel agent.D.Take aspring vacation.
18.Origin ofVegetab IeandAnimal LifeinAmericaWhen thenew worIdwas firstdiscovered,it wasfound tobe,Iiketheold,ful IofpIantsand animals,andagreat manytribes andnations ofmen Iived there.Yet theplantsand animals,if notthe men,were alI essentiallydifferentfrom thoseknown intheoldworld.This wasunexpected;it wasthought tobe quiteremarkabIe.Then aquestion arose,whatisthe origin ofthese plantsand animalsand menHow couldthey cometoacontinent thatis cutoff apparentlyfrom alI intercourse(交流)and connectionwiththerest oftheworldFor theAmerican continentis entirelyseparated fromtheold.The nearestapproach toitisat BehringsStraits(白令海峡),onthenorth-west,where itis dividedfromtheAsiatic continentbyachannel aboutforty mileswide.Means ofCommun icationwiththe OldWorld Someanimalsandperhapssomeplants,and mostcertainly men,maybesupposedtohavebeentransported acrosssuch achanneI ofwaterasthisofBehring51sStraits,either byboats madebythesavages Iiving onthe coasts,or possiblyby meansof iceat sometime whenthe wholechanne Iwas enti relyfrozen over.There isaIsoatsomedi stancesouth ofBehringsStraitsaremarkab Iechainofislands,calledtheAIeutian Islands(阿留申群岛),which extendinaregular andcontinuous Iine fromtheAmericantotheAsiatic shore.These islandsare volcanic.They containnow numerousvolcanoes,some activeand somedead.They bearno trees,but theyproduce agreat varietyof animals.They look,uponthemap,Iikea rowof steppingstones,pIaced onpurpose toenable menand animalsfromtheoldworldtomaketheir waytothenew.These islandsarenearlyalIinhabited,andthenatives navigate(航海)the seasaround theminboatsmade ofa frame-work ofwood orbone,covered externallywithseaIskins.It isperhaps possibIetoimag inealso thatacompanyofmenmighthavebeenforcedaccidentaI IytoseainsomelargecanoefromthecoastofAfrica,or onthe otherside fromsomeofthe islandsofthePacific,and landedupontheAmerican shores.It istrue thatitwouldbe exceedingIy improbablethatanysuch combinationof circumstanceswould occuras couldlead tosuch aresult.The canoeor boatmust havebeenverylarge,thestockof provisionsvery great.The windmust nothavebeenviol entenough toengulf(吞没)the boatand muststill haveblown verylong andvery steadiIytohavecarried acompanyofmen sofar beforethey alI perishedofhungerandthirst.Al Ithis wouIdhavebeenvery improbabIe.Still itwouId bediff iculttoshowthatitcouldnotoccur.From thehundreds andperhaps thousandsof boatsful Iof savagesthat havebeen blownoff tosea fromthe coastsofAfrica,or fromthe SouthSea IsIands,itwouIdbe impossibleto provepositively thatthere couldnever havebeen onethat byany chancecould havereached theAmerican shores.There isstill anothermode bywhich wecan imaginethe animaland vegetabIeIifeofAmerica tohavebeencommunicated toit fromother regions,andthatis,by supposingthattherewas informer agessome directconnection betweenthe twocontinents bya tractof landwhich hassince becomesubmerged(淹没的).It iswell knownnow thatthe crustoftheearth isnot ina stabIecondition.It issubjecttochanges andmovements ofvarious kinds,which arenow goingforward alIthetime,and haveprobably alwaysbeen goingforward.In somepIaces theland isslowly rising;in othersitisslowly subsiding(下沉).There aremanypIacesintheworld wheretowns andcitieswhichformer lystoodhighanddryontheland arenowunderwater.The Iandhasslowlysubsi ded,sothatthe seaatthepresent timeflows overit,and peopIepassing inboats nowlook downand seetheoldfoundations,and fragmentsofthefaIIenwaIIsandcoIumns,atthebottom.The PIantsandAnimals ofAmerica GenerallyNew Theseand variousother similartheories weredevised informer timesin endeavorsto contrivesome wayof bringingpIantsand animalsfromother countriestoAmerica.But theyhavebeengenerally consideredunsatisfactory,since whenpeopIe examinedtheplantsandanimalsIiving here,they werefound tobe,as it seemed,essentially differentfromthosefound inothercountries,so differentthattheycould everbe descendedfromthesame stock(祖先,血统),atleastby ordinarygeneration.The fauna(动物群)andtheflora(植物)were bothfound tobe ingeneral essentiallydissimilar.The florais itssystemofplants.By thefauna ofa countryis meantthe systemof animalsthat inhabitit.With amoderate numberof exceptionssuch asthese,however,theplantsandanimalsfound inAmerica provedon examinationtobeentirely new.Sof sinceboththefaunaandthefloraofAmericaweresoessentiallydifferentfromthoseoftheold worldvitseemedtobe。