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高中英语语法学习履习讲义虚拟语气语法知识点讲义13【精讲版-全国通用】用过去式表示的虚拟语气知识点总结■在虚拟条件句中的运用
1.与现在事实相反条件句的谓语动词用一般过去式be一般用were,主句谓语用would/should/could/might+动词原形如If Iwere you,I wouldnever dothat.如果我是你,我决不做那件事If it werent for=But fbryour help,I wouldstill behomeless.若不是你帮忙,我现在还是无家可归If I had moremoney,I wouldbuy acar.我要是有再多一点钱,我就买汽车了注在口语中,在第
一、三人称后,也有人用waso如If I waswere rich,I wouldbuy acar.我要是有钱,我就买汽车了
2.与将来事实相反条件句中的谓语可用一般过去式、或者“were to/should+动词原形”,主句谓语用would/should/could/might+动词原形如If itrained/should rain/were torain tomorrow,I would not go there.要是明天下雨,我就不去那里
3.与过去事实相反条件句的谓语动词用过去完成式,主句谓语用would/should/could/might+have+过去分词如If hehad takenmy advice,he mightnot havemade sucha badmistake.要是他当初听从我的劝告就不会犯这么严重的错误了If ithadnt beenfor Margaret,I mightnot haveunderstood.要不是有玛格丽特,我可能还不明白注若虚拟条件句中有were,should,had时,可省略if,将were,should,had移至主语前如Were Iyou,I wouldnever dothat.Should itrain tomorrow,I wouldntgothere.Had itnot beenfor Margaret,I mightnot haveunderstood.■在错综时间虚拟条件句中的运用虚拟条件句与主句谓动词发生的时间有时不一致,要注意主从句谓语动词的形式如If youdlistened tome,you wouldntbe insuch troublenow.如果你当初听了我的话,你现在也不会有这样的麻烦了■在含蓄虚拟条件句中的运用有时只有主句,不出现虚拟条件句,而是用without,with,but for要不是等介词短语,或者用but,or,otherwise等副词或连词,或者用不定式或分词短语等来表示虚拟条件如But fbr=if ithad notbeen fbryour help,I wouldnthave beensuccessful.要是没有你的帮助,我就不会成功Iwasso busythen,otherwise,I would have helpedhim.我当时很忙,要不然,我会帮助他的Wc couldnthave finishedit withoutMary.如果没有玛丽,我们是不能按时完成这个工作的To hearhim talk=If youcould hearhim talk...,youd thinkhe wasPrime Minister.听他讲话你会以为他是首相Given moretime,I couldhave doneit better,要是多给一点时间,我会做得更好■在wish,if only,as if,would rather等后的从句中这些从句的谓语动词的形式是若与现在或将来事实相反,用-•般过去式(动词be一律用were);若与过去事实相反,用过去完成式如I wishitwerespring hereall theyear round.但愿这里四季如春I wishI hadntwasted so much time.但愿当初不该浪费这么多时间就好了If onlyshe wouldgo withme!她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!If only1had listenedto myparents!我要是听了我父母的话就好了Li Mingspeaks English as ifhe were an American.李明说英语好像是美国人I wouldrather hecame tomorrow.我宁愿他明天来rd ratherhe hadnttold meabout it.我宁愿他没告诉我这事注as if/as though引导的从句若是事实,就不必用虚拟语气如It looksas ifit isgoing torain.看起来要下雨的样子■as if/as though引导的从句中He speaksEnglishasthough he wereanAmerican,他说英语跟美国人差不多■在Ifs time that…的that从句的谓语动词It istimethatwe gotready forthe finalexamination,该是我们为期末考试做准备的时候了练习请看下面两道题,虽然不是考查虚拟语气,但其中的虚拟语气对做题至关重要题1一It looksas ifhe weredrunk.一So itdoes._________.A.Hed bettergive updrinking B.He shouldnthave drunksomuchC.Health ismore importantthan drinkD.I wonderwhy heis alwaysdoing so【分析】此题最佳答案为D,但A、B、C均有可能误选,主要是受题中drunk一词的影响做此题的关键是要抓住It looksas ifheweredrunk中的关键词were,因为它表明此句的谓语为虚拟语气,也就是说,“他喝醉了”不是事实,只是他的言行好像是喝醉了,所以此题的最佳答案是D另外注意,句中的so itdoes表示强调,意为他看上去的确像是喝醉了类似用法一The buildinglooks beautiful.这房子看上去很美—Yes,so itdoes.是的,看上去的确很美此句中的so itdoes也表强调题2I had hoped to see heroff atthe station,but I__________too busy.A.was B.had beenC.would beD.would havebeen【分析】此题容易误选B或D,认为前句用了had hoped,所以此句谓语要用B或D与之呼应正确答案为A前一句谓语用hadhoped,表示的是过去未曾实现的想法或打算,可以译为“本想,而后一句说“我太忙,这是陈述过去的一个事实,所以要用一般过去时请看类例答案均为A1We hadhoped tocatch the10:20train,but__________it wasgone.A.found B.had foundC.would findD.would havefound2We hadhoped thatyou wouldbe ableto visitus,but you__________.A.didnt B.hadnt C.would notD.wouldnotbeen3We hadwanted tocome tosee him,but we_________no time.A.had B.had hadC.would haveD.would havehad4Ihadexpected tocome overtoseeyou lastnight butsomeone_________and Icouldnt getaway.A.called B.had calledC.would callD.wouldhavecalled。