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(十一)词句猜测题一一代词指代类A(
2021.山东淄博一模)Several yearsago,when someoneused cameracovers toprotect againstpossible monitoring,it wasnot popularto talkabout it.Today,people usevarious typesof tapesto cover the webcameras and microphones.There aremany typesof spy ware that can dive into our devices and secretly spy on them,recording everythingthey do.Such programmesmay infectnot onlycomputers butalso smartphones.Your datamay beused byhackers whowill tryto requestmoney fornot exposingyour privateinformation orby companieslike NSO Group whocreated akind ofspywareto provide authorised governments with technology that helps struggle against terror and crime.In myopinion,the protection technique is highly overestimated.Users tapethe cameras andmicrophonesthrough lackof understandingof how their deviceswork andhowthe malware(恶意软件)works.Hackers andeven secretservices do not haveenough resourcesto monitorail victimsusing the cameras ormicrophones.If theyneed toget anyinformation,they getit bysending atargeted virusto your device,which willnot bestopped by the tapes.Such avirus willfind whatto steal—from personalphotos andvideos topasswords fromsocial networks,browser history,bank accountsand soon.It isunwise to believe thatattackers willnot beable tofind away tospy onyou,even ifthe device,discharged tozero,can stilldeliver dataabout yourlocation,using thesmartphones of the surroundingpeople assignal repeaters.Let usface it:wc livein anera when it isextremely difficultto hidesomething anda pieceof tapeis clearlynot themost usefultool in the strugglefor yourprivacy.Again,to beable tospy onyou,attackers need to plantthe malwarein yourdevice.To preventthemalware from enteringyourdevice,donotclick suspectedlinks andemail attachments.Use strongpasswords fbremail,social mediaand onlinebank accounts.
1.VVhat doesthe underlinedword themin paragraph2refer toA.Cameras.B.Typcs.C.Programmes.D.Devices.
2.What isNSOGroupA.A groupof hackers.B.A companydeveloping spyware.C.A groupof terroristsand criminals.D.A companyfighting againstcrime.
3.Why doesthe authorthink theprotectiontechniqueishighlyoverestimated A.People knowlittle abouttheir devices.B.Hackers haveno accessto others.C.It hardlyprevents themalwarefromgetting privacy.D.It cant coverthecamerascompletely.2021•安徽合肥高三第二次教学质量检测Ever sinceshe receiveda littletoy airlineras abirthday gift,Kate has been attractedby flight.From flyingremote-controlled airplaneso buildingher ownmodel ones,Kale hasalways consideredflying aplane oneof herpassions,but onlyuntil recentlyhas shebeen able to takethat tonew heights.When Kateheard aboutthe Upwind Scholarship fromher schoolcounselor,she knewit wasan extraordinaryopportunity torealise herdream.The programmes missionis toprovide allthe rainingnecessary toobtain aprivate pilots licensePPL forstudents inbetween theirjunior andsenior yearof high school freeof charge.After completinga lengthyapplication and her subsequentacceptance intothe programme,Kate beganher traininglast spring.Normally,recipients ofthe scholarshipwould attendground schoolin personwhere theylearn thefundamentals offlying.Due tothe pandemic,however,Kate spenthours eachweekend studyingonline lessonsin herroom whenevershe gota breakfrom homework.Once summercame around,Kate andthree peersput intwo straightweeks of ground school,reviewing flighttraining fromnine tofive everyday.Il wasthe toughestpart ofthe programme,v Kalesaid.After completingthat portionofground school,Kate wasfinally ableto beginflying atthe SanCarlos Airportwith theother scholarshiprecipients fromaround theBay Area.Flying,especially forfirst-timers likeKate,is ahands-on processinvolving lotsof checkliststo makesure theimportant tasksare beingtaken careof.Now,having finishedthe programmeand earnedher PPL,Kate planson trainingasaflight instructorand hopesto become an airlinepilot inher future.She creditsthe UpwindScholarship toall shesbeenabletoaccomplish sofar andhopes thatanyone whoshares herpassion willlook intoit.Tt isa veryhard scholarshipto win,and youhave to be trulyinterested inflight/Kate said.It cant besomething likeOh,why don11try flyingthis summerYou have to beready todo alot ofwork andput effortinto succeedingin the programme.
4.VVhat doesthe underlinedword that”in paragraph1refer toA.Her skillof buildingmodel aiiplanes.B.Her wishto travelaround theworld.C.Hcr childhooddream ofbecoming apilot.D.Her desireto flyremote-controlled airplanes.
5.What isthe goaloftheUpwindScholarshipA.To helpstudents inneed toachieve theirdreams.B.To providenecessary rainingfor private pilots forfree.C.To givestudents expertadvice onearning ascholarship.D.To preparehighschoolstudents to becomeaprivate pilot.
6.What didKate doin ground school A.She tookonline lessonson flying.B.She wentoverthefundamentals offlying.C.She didsome researchinto hepandemic.D.She finishedapplying fortheprogramme.
7.Which ofthe followingbest describesKate A.Confident andaggressive.B.Strong-willed andpatient.C.Demanding andcourageous.D.Ambitious andhard-working.C2021•河北秦皇岛二模Every fouror fiveyears,vast quantitiesof warmwater buildup alongthe westcoast ofSouth America.This phenomenon.El Nino,creates stormsthat causedestructive floods.The resultis costly.Modern farmerscome toterms withEl Nino.They usemoney savedin goodyears torebuild inbad ones.But historysuggests itneed not be likethat.In apaper publishedrecently,Ari Caramanica,an archaeologistin Lima,shows howit usedto bedone.And theanswer seemsto be“better.Dr Caramanicaandhercolleagues havebeen studyingthe Pampa de Mocan,a coastaldesert plainin northernPeru.It isnot suitablefor farming.Its soilcontains littleorganic matterand theannual rainfallin non-Nino yearsis usuallyless thantwo centimetres.Today sfarmers thereforedepend oncanals ocarry waterfrom localrivers totheir fields.It hadbeen assumedthat ancientfanners hada similararrangement—and sothey did.But DrCaramanica alsofound eightcanals thatcould carrywater farbeyond herange ofmodem farms.She thoughtthat theywere intendedto guidethe floodwatersarriving duringNino years.Around aquarter ofthe ancientagricultural infrastructureof thisarea seemedto havebeen builtonly formanaging Niiio-generaled floodwaters.Evidence frompollen supportsthis theory,revealing thatthe Pampa de Mocanproduced lotsof cropsin someyears,while remainingnearly barrenin others.The teamalso uncoveredtwo cisterns蓄水箱in thearea servicedbytheextended canals.These,probably,were usedostore extrafloodwaters.These findingssuggest that,rather thanresisting El Nino,early farmersin thePampadeMocan wereready tomake useof itwhen itarrived.Modern fannersmight dowell tolearn fromthem.
8.What doesthe recentstudy focuson A.Living withEl Nino.B.Effects ofEl Nino.C.Fanning in the desert.D.Water shortagein Peru.
9.What doesthe underlinedword theyin paragraph4refer toA.Ancient farmers.B.Rivers.C.Farms.D.Canals.lO.Whal lessoncan belearned fromearly farmersA.Every advantagehas itsdisadvantage.B.In everydifficulty liesan opportunity.C.Sharp toolsmake goodwork.D.I「s nevertoo lateo mend.
11.In whichsection ofa websitemay thistext appearA.Education.B.Travel.C.Business.D.Science.考点分类练十一词句猜测题一一代词指代类【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文文章讲述的是如何保护我们设备上的隐私
1.D解析:代词指代题根据第二段的“There aremany typesof spywarethatcandiveintoourdevicesandsecretlyspyonthem,recording everythingthey do.可知,有许多类型的间谍软件可以潜入我们的设备并秘密监视它们,记录它们所做的一切由此推知,画线词them指代的是前面提到的deviceso故选D项
2.B解析:推理判断题根据第二段的...by companieslike NSOGroup whocreated akind ofspyware toprovideauthorisedgovernmentswithtechnologythathelpsstruggleagainstterrorandcrime可知,这些公司研发某种间谍软件,为所授权的政府提供有助于打击恐怖行动和犯罪的科技故选B项
3.C解析:推理判断题由题干信息可定位到文章第三段的首句,根据第三段的“If theyneedtoget anyinformation,they getit bysending atargeted virusto yourdevice,which willnotbestopped bythe tapes.Such avirus willfind whatto steal—from personalphotos andvideos topasswords fromsocial networks,browser history,bank accountsand soon.可知,这种保护技术很难阻止恶意软件获取隐私故选C项【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文文章讲述了凯特从小就爱好飞行,并且为了实现成为一名飞行员的梦想所做出的努力
4.C解析:代词指代题根据画线词前一句提到的Kate hasalways consideredflying aplane oneof herpassions和第二段开头提到it wasan extraordinaryopportunity torealise herdream可知,凯特从小就爱好飞行,驾驶飞机是她的梦想由此推测,that指代“她想成为一名飞行员的梦想故选C项
5.D解析:细节理解题根据第二段的The programmes missionis toprovide allthe trainingnecessary toobtain aprivatepilots licensePPL forstudents inbetween theirjunior andsenior yearof highschool freeof charge.可知,它的目标是让高中生为成为一名私人飞行员做好准备故选D项
6.B解析:细节理解题根据第三段的u...recipients ofthe scholarshipwould attendgroundschoolin personwhere theylearn thefundamentals offlying.,,和...Kate andthree peersput intwo straightweeks ofgroundschool,reviewing flighttraining...”可知,凯特在地面学校回顾飞行的基础知识故选B项
7.D解析:推理判断题根据倒数第二段的内容可推断,凯特很有志向;再由最后一段中凯特所说的话It isa veryhard scholarshipto win,and youhavetobe trulyinterested inflight...You havetobeready todo alot ofwork andput effortinto succeedingintheprogramme可知,凯特为了获得奖学金很努力由此推断,凯特很有雄心壮志,而且为了梦想非常努力故选D项【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文在最近发表的一篇论文中,一位考古学家展示了过去的农民是如何利用厄尔尼诺现象来帮助农业生产的,文章介绍了这一研究开展的过程以及发现
8.A解析:细节理解题根据第二段的4Modern farmerscome toterms withElNino...In apaper publishedrecently...shows howit usedtobedone.And theanswer seemstobebetter可知,最近的研究集中在与厄尔尼诺现象共存故选A项
9.D解析:代词指代题根据画线词前一句uBut DrCaramanica alsofound eightcanals thatcould carrywater farbeyond therange ofmodern farms.以及后面的were intendedto guidethe floodwatersarriving duringNino years可知,Caramanica博士认为上文提到的八条运河是为了引洪由此推知,they指代的是“运河”故选D项
10.B解析:推理判断题根据最后一段的“These findingssuggest that,rather thanresisting ElNino,early farmersinthePampadeMocan wereready tomake useof itwhenitarrived.”可知,当厄尔尼诺现象到来时,早期农民并没有进行抵制,而是做好了利用它的准备由此推知,我们可以从早期农民那里学到“每一个困难中都蕴藏着机会”这一道理故选B项
11.D解析:推理判断题通读文章可知,在最近发表的一篇论文中,一位考古学家展示了过去的农民是如何利用厄尔尼诺现象来帮助农业生产的,而文章正是介绍了这一研究开展的过程以及发现由此推知,文章可能选自网站的“科学版面故选D项。