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根据以下材料,回答36-36题As timegoes on,how to do good critical thinkingis increasinglymarginalized or even leftoutof themodem educationalprocess.Critical thinking involves amental processthat ishighly disci-plined and therefore requiresmost practitionersto betrained init.This trainingis bestbegun in theformative years,and it is best taught byenergetic,motivated teacherswho continuallychallenge,and debate,and demand increasingly rigorousthinking of their youngstudents.However,as inallthings,it isnever toolate to begin.Critical thinkingis theprocess ofevaluating and analyzing aproposition oran argumentthathas beenoffered tothe thinker;for criticism,as beingtrue.There followsa process of reasoning,evaluation of the offeredevidence,and reflection,always begunfrom apoint ofskepticism.Aproper critiqueof theoffered argumentinvolves morethan directObservation.Besides reasoning,cognition andexperience,proper critical thinking alsoinvolves intellectual values thatgo beyondthespecific argumentor Objectbeing criticallyexamined.These intellectualvalues involveObjective truth.Objective truthis that truth which comes fromsomewhereoutside ofour minds.Subjective truthis thattruth whichcomes fromwithin us;thatwhich wefeel,or sense,or believeto betrue.Objective truthstands alone,and doesnot dependuponus toremain true;its completely independent ofthe mind of man.No matterwhat wethink aboutit,how wethink aboutit,orevenif wethink aboutit,Objective truthremains Objective truth,unchanged,and impervious.Objective truthmust alwaysbe takeninto considerationin orderto dogoodcritical thinking.There aredifferent formsof Objective truth,ranging fromsolid toephemeral.In thehard sciencefields,such asmathematics,physics andchemistry,the mostrecognized Objective truths involveproven mathematicalformulae,or recognizedscientific laws,or widelyrecognized and as yetunrefutedscientific theories.These hardObjectivetruthsare takenby the critical thinkertobeaxioms orgivens,and thus,useful toolsto helpin thecritical thinking process.The process therebybuilds upona foundationof previouslyproven truth.No matterhow technicallyadvanced weeverbecome,we areallz individuallyand collectively,called tothink aboutthings.It isourhuman nature.36[单选题]It issuggested thatthe trainingof critical thinkingin the formativeyears is best conducmdby teachersA.because itrequires well-organized mentalactivity.B.because ithas beenstressed in modem education.C.who marginalizethe traditionalidea ofeducation.D.who candirect studentstowards rigorousthinking.正确答案D参考解析D该题为细节题根据第一段第三句〃This trainingisbestbegun...itisbesttaughtby eriergeric,motivated teacherswho continuallychallenge,and debate,and demandincreasingly rigorousthinkingof theiryoung stlldems.〃可知,成长时期的批判性思维最好是由那些不断挑战、辩论、要求他们的学生不断加强思维能力的精力充沛、有积极性的老师来训练,故选D37[单选题]A goodcritical thinkeralways A.involves moredirect observationsthan purereasoning.B.takes allargument forgranted atthe beginning.C.begins with a skepticalattitude towardsan argument.D.puts mollemphasis onintellectualvalues.正确答案C参考解析C该题为细节题根据第二段第二句“There followsa processofreasoning...always begunfrom apoint ofskepticism.0可知,批判性思维总是以对某一个观点的怀疑为开端的,故选C38[单选题]Which ofthe followingbest summarizesthe textA.Patterns ofcritical thinking.B.Essence ofcritical thinking.C.Methods ofcritical thinking.□.Criteria ofcritical thinking.正确答案B参考解析B该题为主旨题全文主要论述批判性思维,第一段主要阐述批判性思维是如何被训练的,第二段主要解释什么是批判性思维,第三段主要论述客观真理,最后一段论述客观真理和批判性思维的联系A选项〃批判性思维的模式〃,C选项〃批判性思维的方法〃和D选项〃批判性思维的标准在文中并没有涉及,而B选项〃批判性思维的本质〃最能概括全文的意思,故选B39[单选题]What Canbe inferredfrom thelast paragraphA.TechnoMgy haslittle tOdo withcritical thinking.B.Critical thinkingis aprocessoftrial anderror.C.Scientific theoriesale developedfrom scientificlaws.□,Scientific truthis afoundation forcriticalthinking.正确答案D参考解析D该题为推断题A选项〃技术对批判性思维不起一点作用与最后—段的第三句These hardobjective truthsare...and thus,useful toolsto helpinthecriticalthinkingprocess/不符,故A选项错误B选项〃批判性思维是反复试验的过程和C选项〃科学真理是批判性思维的基础〃在最后一段中都没有提到,故B和C选项错误,故选D40[单选题]Objectivetruthis regardedas A.indispensable inthecriticalthinkingprocess.B.unchanged humanbeliefs.C.unrefuted inscientific theories.□.outcomes ofhard science”.正确答案A参考解析A该题为细节题根据第三段最后一句Objectivetruthmust alwaysbe takeninto considerationin orderto dogoodcriticalthink-ing.可知,为了能够有更好的批判性思维,人们总是会把客观真理考虑进来,与A项符合B选项〃客观真理是不变的人类信仰〃与第三段第三句的it scompletelyindependentofthemindofman不符,故B选项错误C选项〃客观真理在科学理论中不可被反驳与最后一段第二句In thehardscience7fields...andasyet unrefutedscientific theories/不符,故C选项错误D选项〃客观真理是自然科学的产物与第三段第二句Objectivetruth isthattruthwhichcomefrom somewhereou tsideof ourminds.不符,故D选项错误故选Ao材料题根据以下材料,回答41-45题In hislectures atthe Lyceum,a schoolthat remainedfor centuriesone ofthe greatcenters oflearning inGreece,Aristotle definedthe basicconcepts and.principles ofmany ofthe sciences.61In thnfirst place,Aristotle criticizedPlatos theory of Formsbn arguingthat formscouldnot existbv themselvesbut existedonly inparticular things,which arecomposed ofboth formand matter.He understoodsubstances asmatter organizedby aparticular form.Nature,for Aristotle,is anorganic systemof thingswhose formsmake itpossible to arrangethem intoclasses comprisingspecies andgenera.Each species,he believed,has aform,purpose,and modeof developmentin termsof whichit can be defined.62The aimof scienceis todefine theessential forms,purposes,and modesof developmentof allspecies andtoarrangethem in theirnatural orderin accordancewith theircomplexities ofform.The mainlevels are the inanimate,thevegetative,the animal,andtherational.63The soulis theform ofthe body,and humans,whoserational soulis ahigher formthan thesouls ofother specieson earth,arethehighest speciesof perishablethings.The heavenlybodies,composed of an imperishablesubstance,or ether,and movedeternallyin perfectcircular motionby God,are stillhigher inthe orderof nature.Aristotles politicaland ethicalphilosophy similarlydeveloped outofacritical examinationofPlatos principles.64The standardsof personaland socialbehavior,according toAristotle,mustbe foundinthescientific studyofthenatural tendenciesof individualsand societiesrather thaninabstract realmof pureforms.Less insistenttherefore thanPlato ona rigorousconformity toabsoluteprinciples,Aristotle regardedethical rulesas practicalguides toa happyand well-rounded life.Hisemphasis onhappiness,as theactive fulfillmentof naturalcapacities,expressed theattitude towardlife heldby cultivatedGreeks ofhis time.In politicaltheory,Aristotle agreedwith Platothat amon-archy ruledby awise kingwould bethe idealpolitical structure,but healso recognizedthat socie-ties differintheirneeds andtraditions andbelieved thata limiteddemocracy isusually thebest com-promise.65In histheoryofknowledge,Aristotl.e rejectedthe Platonicdoctrine thatknowledge isinnateand insistedthat itcanbeacquired onlyby generalizationfrom experience.He interpretedartas ameans ofpleasure andintellectual enlightenmentrather thanan instrumentof moraleducation.41[填空题]参考解析起初,亚里士多德通过证明形式不能独自存在而仅仅存在于由形希口物质共同构成的特定物体中才能存在来批判柏拉图的形式理论42[填空题]参考解析灵魂是身体的形式,而人类,其理性的灵魂比地球上所有其他物种的灵魂都要高级,是所有生命体中最高等的物种43[填空题]参考解析根据亚里士多德的观点,个人和社会行为的标准必然是在对个人和社会的自然趋势的科学研究中发现的,而不是在纯形式的抽象领域中发现的44[填空题]参考解析科学的目的就是定义所有物种的基本形式,目的和发展的模式,并依据他们各自形式的复杂性按他门的自然II页序进行排列45[填空题]参考解析在他的知识理论中,亚里士多德反对柏拉图的知识是与生俱来的学说,并坚持知识只有从经验的概括中才能被习得46[填空题]Study thefollowing picturecarefully andwrite anessay onit.In youresssay,you shouldldescribethe picturebriefly,2analyze thissituation,and3give yourcomments.You shouldwrite160-200words neatlyon ANSWERSHEET
2.同病相怜参考解析Love isPressure Fromthe cartoonwe cansee thata youngboy iscrying,withaheavybag oflots ofbooks pressinghis back,andalittle treeis curvedby aheavyplate,too,ironically sayingLooks afterthe Trees.What weCan learnfrom thiscartoon isthat excessivepressur einmod-em societygives toomuch burdenon childrenandis torturingthem asaheavy platedo tothe twigs.Children arepushed byparents,school andsociety.Many parentsexpect their children tobee omesuccessful mellin thefuture.So theyforce theirchildren to learnmany morecourses atan earlyage.The competitiona mongschool kidsalso urgesthem tolearn moreforfurther study,which inturn couldsurvive thefierce competitionin employment market.However,Going toofar isas badas notgoing farenough”.The littletree inthe picturenearly breaksbecause ofthe heavyboard meaning protecringit nominally.It/sthesame withchildren.Love ispressure forthem ifthelove is excessive.Therefore,I suggestparents givetheirchildrensomespare timeto dow hatthey wantto do.Only inthis wayCan theyinvestmore energy instudy moreefficiently.[写作点金]写此类文章关键在于领悟图片的深层含义一般来说,写作步骤可分为四步首先,仔细观察图片,对图片进行描述;第二,陈述图片所影射的社会现象;第三,表达出你自己对该社会现象的看法;第四,对以上内容进行总结【高频词句】
1.Curved adj.弯曲的
2.nominally adv名义上地
3.force sb.todosth.强迫某人做某事
4.Going toofar isas badas notgoing farenough.过犹不及。