2022年高考英语一轮复习Unit16Stories单元主题语篇训练一北师大版选修6

Unit16单元主题语篇训练A Letsbegin withthe story:King Ilierocontracts the ancient Greekpolymath Archimedes（阿基米德）to detectfraud in the manufactureof a golden crown.Archimedes acceptsthe challengeand,during asubsequent tripto the public baths,realizes that the morehis bodysinks into the water,the morewater isdisplaced一making thedisplaced wateran exactmeasure of his volume.Realizing hehas hitupon amethod todetermine whetherthe King，s crownwas madeof goldor silver,the youngGreek leapsout of the bathand rusheshome nakedcrying uEureka!Eureka!”Or,translatedIve foundit!Ive foundit!”Too bad,however,Archimedes probablynever utteredthe phrasein thatway.First and foremost,Archimedes himselfnever wroteabout thisepisode,although hespent plentyof timedetailing thelaws of buoyancy（浮力）.The oldestauthority forthe naked-Archimedes eureka story isVitruvius,a Romanwriter,who includedthe talein hisintroduction tohis ninthbook of architecture.Vitruvius mayhave gottenit wrong,“says ChrisSchmitt,a mathematicianat theUniversity ofBerlin and a self-described Archimedesfan.The methodattributed toArchimedes in the storyworks in theory soit soundsright,but whenyou actuallytry it,you findthat thereal worldgets inthe way.”In fact,Schmitt is one ofa longline ofscientists,including Galileo,who haveread theaccount andthought,“That can，t beright.As Galileowrote,Archimedes couldhave achieveda.far moreprecise resultusing hisown lawofbuoyancyand anaccurate scale.In fact,the surfacetension ofwater canmake the volume ofa lightobject likea crownimmeasurable.u Theremay besome truthto it,“Schmitt adds.u Archimedesdid measure the volumeof thingsbut theeureka momentwas maybedue tohis originaldiscovery concerningbuoyance,not tositting inthe bathtuband thenrunning through the streetsnaked.”Much likeNewtons apple,the exclamationpersists becauseof theenduring powerof the story:agoldencrown,a lifeinthebalance,a nakedmathematician.The suspectfoundations,of theeureka momenttake nothingaway from the word，s abilityto uniquelyand conciselyconvey theflash ofinspiration语篇解读本文是一篇议论文文章主要论证了阿基米德灵感迸发故事的可信度

1.According tothe firstparagraph,how wouldArchimedes measurethevolumeof the crown A.He wouldweigh himselfwith andwithout thecrown.B.He wouldweigh thecrown firstand thenput itinto water.C.He wouldgo tothepublicbaths wearingthecrownon hishead.D.He wouldsink thecrown intowater andmeasurethewater displaced.解析选D细节理解题根据第一段第二句可知，阿基米德会将王冠沉入水中，通过测排出的水的重量来测量皇冠的重量故选D

2.What didGalileo probablythink of the naked-Archimedes eurekastory A.He believedthe word“eureka“was saidin anothersituation.B.He suspectedArchimedes didn，t runthroughthestreet naked.C.He doubtedArchimedes carriedout theexperiment independently.D.He thoughtArchimedes wouldnot have used themethod described.解析选D细节理解题根据倒数第二段第二句可知，阿基米德本可以利用他自己的浮力定律和精确的比例尺得到更精确的结果因此，伽利略认为阿基米德不会使用所描述的方法故选D

3.What canbe inferredfrom the underlined sentenceinthelast paragraphA.The word“eureka”is stillwidely usedtoday.B.The word“eureka“is nowa formalscientific term.C.Most peopleaccept theauthenticity of the originalstory.D.People arestill inspiredby theachievements ofArchimedes.解析选A句意理解题根据最后一段第一句可知，这个感叹词之所以能持续存在，是因为这个故事有一种经久不衰的力量由此可以推断出画线句子表示eureka这个词至今仍被广泛使用故选A

4.What isthe purposeof thistext A.To introducethe famousscientist Archimedes.B.To examinethe credibilityof theeurekastory.C.To explainhow theword“eureka“was created.D.To urgepeople notto usetheword“eureka”anymore.解析选B写作目的题结合文章主要内容为论证历史上阿基米德灵感迸发故事的可信度可知，本文的目的是检验eureka故事的可信度故选B BAuthor Walter Dean Myersdied atthe ageof76after abrief illness.Walter DeanMyers wasthe authorof morethan100books forchildren andyoung adultsand receivedmany topawards.The prolificauthor wasloved forhis vividdescription of the livesof AfricanAmerican chiIdren,and forwriting booksfor youngpeople thatcovered differentsubjects.Myers haswritten aboutall thosesubjects withdeep understandingandahard-won,qualified senseof hope,said Leonard S.Marcus.He wasborn in1937and was adopted byFlorence Deanand Herbertafter his mother diedwhile givingbirth tohis youngersister.They lovedhim verymuch andhismotherread tohim froma veryyoung age.Reading pushedhim todiscover worldsbeyond hislandscape.He beganwriting atan earlyage.He wrotewell inhigh schooland anEnglish teacherrecognized thisand advisedhim tokeep onwriting nomatter whathappened tohim.Its whatyou do,“she said.He droppedout ofhigh schoolat17and joinedthe army.After finishinghis service,he entereda darkperiod inhis life.Myers beganwriting atnight topull himselfthrough thatmiserable time.In anessay publishedin TheNew YorkTinies earlierthis year,Myers describedhow ashort story by James Arthur Baldwinhelped changethe course ofhis life.I didn，t lovethestory,but Iwas liftedby it,“he wrote,“for ittook placein Harlem,and itwasastory concernedwith blackpeople likethose Iknew.By humanizingthe peoplewho werelike me,Baldwin，s storyalso humanizedme.The storygave mea permissionthat Ididn，t knowI needed,the permissionto writeabout my own landscape,myownmap.”“I writebooks orthe troubledboy Ionce was,“he wrote,“andforthe boywho liveswithin mestill.”语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了美国著名作家Walter DeanMyers的生平

5.What doesthe secondparagraph mainlytalk aboutA.How popularMyers was.B.How Myersbecame successful.C.What makesMyers workspopular.D.What peoplethink ofMyers works.解析选C段落大意题通读该段可知，该段首句为该段主题句，结合该段其他内容可知，该段主要介绍了他的作品受欢迎的原因，故C项正确

6.Who discoveredMyers，writing talentA.James ArthurBaldwin.B.His mother.C.LeonardS.Marcus.D.One ofhis teachers.解析选D细节理解题根据第四段第二句可知，他的写作天赋是他的一位英语老师发现的，故D项正确

7.What doestheunderlinedword prolific”in Paragraph2probably meanA.Productive.B.Unfortunate.C.Conservative.D.Humorous.解析选A词义猜测题根据第一段第二句可知，WalterDeanMyers写了100多本儿童和年轻人读物，并获得了许多最高奖项由此可推知，他是一位多产的作家productive意为“多产的”，故A项正确

8.Why wasthe short storybyJamesArthurBaldwin soimportant forMyers A.It helpedhim survivethe darkperiod.B.It inspiredhim topursue hiswriting career.C.He learnedmany writingtechniques fromit.D.The authorof thestory permittedhim towrite.解析选B细节理解题根据倒数第二段第一句中的“how ashortstory.・・changed thecourseofhislife”以及最后一句可知，Baldwin写的故事鼓励了Myers追求他自己的写作事业，故B项正确C Theancient city of Chichen Itzd insouthern Mexicowas one of the most powerfulcities andoneof themostpowerful ancient cultures—the Maya.But today,no onelives there.It isonly a group ofold buildings.However,people fromaround the world stillcome tosee it.People cometo learnabout itsancientculture,the culturalfeatures ofthe Mayanpeople.The Mayan culture beganalmost3,000years agoand grewin partsof CentralAmerica.But about1,000years agoagroupcalled the Itzd invadedthe cityand builtnew partsofthe city basedon naturalwells.They namedthecityChichen Itzd,which meansu mouth ofthe well oftheItzd”.The mostinteresting structurein ChichenItzd isthe Pyramid of Kukulcan（库库尔坎金字塔），whose foursides allcome togetherat onepoint atthe top.Each sideon thePyramidofKukulcan has91steps.And thereis onemore stepatthetop ofthe pyramid.The stepsare asmany asthe daysofayear.Some researchersbelieve theMaya couldhaveusedthis building to helpthem knowwhen to plant crops.Each daythe sunfalls ona differentstep ofthe pyramid,which couldbe away tofollow theyear.The documentsshowed that the peopleof ChichenItzo especiallydesigned onebuildingtoobserve andstudy themovement ofthe starsand planets.Researchers saythatthe observatory（天文台）isoneofthemost complexstructures theMaya built.A setof stepsgo upand around the observatorytower.And thereare windowsinthetower.Each windowhas apurpose.Researchers believethat aperson lookingthrough oneof thesewindows cansee particularstars onparticular dates.The Mayamight havebelieved thatstudying thestars couldtell themthe future.Chichen Itzais nowa UNESCOWorld HeritageSite andan importantpart oftheworld，s history.Get interestedThen pay a visitto itto findmore remains!语篇解读文章对世界文化遗产之一的玛雅文化遗址一一奇琴伊察进行了详细的介绍

9.Visitors cametothecity ofChichen Itzato.A.view itsbeautiful sceneryB.experience andexplore the MayancultureC.study andobserve otherstars ontheobservatoryD.learn somethingabout whentoplantcrops解析选B细节理解题根据第一段最后一句可知，游客们来到奇琴伊察是为了体验和探索玛雅文化

10.Why didthe invadersname thecity“mouthofthewelloftheItzd”A.Wells canbe seenin oraroundthecity.B.It islarge insize.C.The cityis newlybuilt.D.Its locationis vital.解析选A细节理解题根据第二段第二句可知，入侵者之所以给它起这个名字，是因为这座城市到处可以看到天然井

11.Whats theauthor，s purposein writingthis passageA.To evaluatetheMayanculture.B.To persuadereaders topayavisit.C.To introducetheancientcityofChichenItzd.D.To presentthe developmentoftheMayan construction.解析选B写作意图题本文对玛雅文化遗址进行了详细的介绍，并且根据最后一段可知作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐读者去玛雅文化遗址参观tips分析文章结构，攻克写作意图题写作意图题要求考生在理解文章主旨的基础上揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的作者一般不直接表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力一般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解文章中的文字表述、上下文的逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者的写作意图例如上文第11小题本文先介绍世界各地的游客参观玛雅遗址，又介绍了它的古代文化和成就，最后一段推荐读者去玛雅文化遗址参观，此时文章的写作目的也就一目了然了，即推荐读者去玛雅文化遗址参观。