还剩12页未读,继续阅读
本资源只提供10页预览,全部文档请下载后查看!喜欢就下载吧,查找使用更方便
文本内容:
2022年高考英语押题预测卷上海卷01英语•全解全析听力部分【答案】1-5ABCDD6-10CBDAB11-13BCA14-16CDA17-20CBCB
1.【答案】A【听力材料】W:Michael,why is there sucha longqueue Imglad youmade ourreservation afew daysago.M:There arealways manypeople waiting.Lets lookat theflight timetable.Question:Where doesthis conversationmost probablytake place
2.【答案】B【听力材料】W:What timedoes the bus leaveM:Not until08:
30.But I want to get to thebusstation by08:15in orderto geta goodseat.Question:When will the mansbus leave
3.【答案】C【听力材料】W:When I am playingthe piano,I dontwony aboutanything.How aboutyou M:I go to thegym everyday.It helpsme dealwith stress.Question:What arethe two speakers talkingabout
4.【答案】D【听力材料】W:What wasthe bestmoment of the racefor youM:Oh,when Igot to the finishingline,definitely.Question:What kindof personis probablythe man
5.【答案】D【听力材料】M:Have youheard aboutTim Hehad to be restrictedto theemergency room.W:Really Ihope itsnot tooserious.Question:What can be inferredfrom theconversation
6.【答案】C【听力材料】W:Just lookat thesestars.M:They certainlydont lookso clearand brightfrom thecity.Question:What canbe inferredabout thetwospeakerscare has increasingly become a profession.(考虑到糟糕的开端可能会破坏一个人以后成功的机会,国家对婴儿和幼儿的照顾方式进行了越来越密切的干预检查人员会去那些照看小孩的托儿所和家中去检查;三岁的孩子遵循国家课程安排幼儿看护越来越成为一种职业广可知,国家的监督使儿童保育变得职业化了,选项D是正确的故选D项
64.细节理解题根据第三段中“Nurseries staffedby universitygraduates tendtoberated highestby inspectors,increasing theirappeal tothe pickiestparents.As aresult,more graduatesare beingrecruited.(由大学毕业生组成的托儿所往往被检查人员评为最高等级,这增加了它们对最挑剔的父母的吸引力因此,更多的毕业生正在被录用厂可知,越来越多的人认识到这一点,鼓励了更多的毕业生从事儿童保育员的工作故选D项
65.细节理解题根据最后一段中The priceof childcare is not onlyeye-watering,but has also becomea barrierto work.Soon afterit tookpower thecoalition governmentpledged toensure thatpeople arebetter offin workthan onbenefits,but arecent surveyby Save the Children,a charity,found that the highcost ofday careprevented aquarter oflow-paid workersfrom returningto theirjobs oncethey hadstarted afamily.(托JL费用不仅高得I下人,而且已经成为工作的障碍上台后不久,联合政府就承诺要确保人们有工作比依靠福利过得更好,但慈善机构SavetheChildren最近的一项调查发现,高昂的日托费用使得四分之一的低收入工人在成家后无法重返工作岗位广可知,高昂的儿童保育费用阻止了部分母亲的就业故选A项
66.主旨大意题通读全文,根据第一段中“Child carehasincreasinglybecomeaprofession.(儿童保育越来越成为一种职业)’‘和第四段中“But professionalizationhasalsopushed upthe priceof childcare,defying eventhe economicdepression.(但职业化也推高了儿童保育的费用,甚至在经济萧条时期也不起作用)”可知,本文主要谈论了儿童保育的职业化推高了它的价格选项A符合主题故选A项六选四
67.E
68.A
69.B
70.D【文章大意】本文为一篇说明文文章介绍了《美国国家科学院院刊》的一篇研究成果一个国际团队通过对同类中最大的害虫控制数据集,包括来自全世界31个国家超过6700个地点的132项研究的实地研究数据库,进行分析研究,发现农田周围的自然栖息地确实有助于农民控制害虫,但也有许多研究显示,它们对农作物产量有负面影响
67.设空处在段首,由下文“When youhave morenatural habitat around farmfields youget moreenemies of the croppests,and theseenemies willcontrol thepests andprovide abenefit togrowers(当你在农田周围有更多的自然栖息地,你就会有更多的农作物害虫的敌人,这些敌人会控制害虫,为种植者提供利益广可知,此处具体解释了一种假设;E项“A widespreadassumption existedamong ecologists.(生态学家之间存在着一种普遍的假设)”符合,引起下文,下文对这一假设进行了解释故选E项
68.设空处在段首,上文提及生态学家之间存在的假设;A项“To testthat assumption,Karp organizedan internationalteam of ecologists,economists andpractitioners.(为了验证这一假设,卡普组织了一个由生态学家、经济学家和实践者组成的国际团队)“,承接上文,且下文“Together,they compiledthe largestpest-control datasetof itskind,including132studies frommore than6,700sites in31countries worldwide(他们汇集了同类中最大的害虫控制数据集,包括来自全世界31个国家6700多个地点的132项研究厂的they指代A项中的“an internationalteam of ecologists,economists andpractitioners所以A项承上启下,衔接连贯故选A项
69.上文“Surprisingly,the resultswere highlyvariable acrossthe globe.While manyof thestudies showedsurrounding naturalhabitat doesindeed helpfarmers controlpests,just asmany showednegative effectson cropyields.(令人惊讶的是,结果在全球范围内差异很大虽然许多研究表明,周围的自然栖息地确实有助于农民控制害虫,但也有许多研究显示,它们对农作物产量有负面影响)”,此段表述了不同的研究结果,设空处在段尾,B项“The strengthof thefindings isrooted inpart in the sizeofthepest-control database.(研究结果的说服力部分源于虫害控制数据库的规模广符合,B项中的findings与上文results相呼应,B项中提供了数据源,来证明研究发现的可靠性句意连贯,故选B项
70.设空处在段首,下文“Karp andhis teamof153co-authors havemade itpublicly available,opening thedoor forfurther scientificinsights.(普和他的153位共同作者团队已经将其公开,为进一步的科学研究打开了大门)“,*艮据第二段“Their analysis,led byresearchers atUC Davis,appears in the latestedition ofthe ProceedingsoftheNational Academyof Sciences(PNAS).(他们的分析由力口州大学戴维斯分校的研究人员领导,发表在最新一期的《美国国家科学院院刊》上)”可知,研究团队公开了分析;D项“The analysisindicates thatthere areno one-size-fits-all recommendationsfor growersabout naturalhabitat andpests.(分析表明,关于自然栖息地和害虫,并没有放之四海而皆准的建议户符合,下文的it指代的是设空处的analysis语意连贯,故选D项概要写作
71.【答案】Opinions varyfrom personto personon whetherphotography shouldbe considereda fine art.Some are against it because they think it is justan objective record and the photographer^creativity isntreflected.However,Others arein favorof it.They thinkphotograph is a deliberatelycreated image.All in all,photography is a mediumused tomake art.【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文主要讨论了摄影是否应该被认为是一门艺术,人们的观点不一一些人反对它,因为他们认为这只是一个客观的记录然而,有些人是持赞成态度,照片不仅仅是对世界平庸无奇的记录,也是一种刻意创造的具有自身艺术特色的图像【详解】要点摘录©Photography isthought bysome tobe aform offineart;however,others claimthat photography is not.
②Those whobelieve that photography is not aform of art presentseveral arguments.They claima photograph is an objectiverecordof aparticular placeat aparticular time.They alsoargue thatsophisticated andexpensive equipmentoften playsa greaterrole in the successofaphotograph thanthe photographer^creativity.
③However,there arealso manyreasons whyphotography is appreciated onthe samelevel asother recognizedforms ofvisual art.
④Although we cannot saythatphotographyitself isnecessarily art,we cancertainly seethat itisa medium thatcanbeused tomake art.
2.缜密构思将第
1、2两个要点进行重组,将第
1、3两个要点进行整合
3.遣词造句Opinions varyfrom personto personon whetherphotography shouldbe considereda fineart.Some areagainst itbecause theythink itis justan objectiverecord.However,some arefor it,theythinkphotographisa deliberatelycreated image.All inall,photographyisa mediumused tomake art.【点睛】[高分句型1]Opinions varyfrom personto personon whetherphotography shouldbe considereda fineart(运用了whether引导的宾语从句)1高分句型2]Some areagainst itbecause theythink itis justanobjectiverecord.(运用了because引导的原因状语从句)汉译英
72.[答案】Although Imnot aprofessional tour guide,I organizedand conducteda tourof mycity fbrclassmates living outside the area,for whichI receivedexcellent feedback.【详解】考查时态、让步状语从句、现在分词和“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句Although引导让步状语从句(时态用一般现在时),形容词professional(专业的)作定语,修饰名词短语tourguide(导游),主句谓语动词organize(组织)和conduct(带领)用一般过去时,现在分词短语livingoutside thearea表主动,做后置定语修饰名词classmates,后跟非限制性定语从句(时态用一般过去时),先行词是“我组织并带领住在外地的同学参观我所在的城市指代的这件事,先行词在介词for后作宾语,用关系代词which,receive(得到),形容词excellent(很好的)作定语,修饰名词feedback(反馈),故翻译为Although Vmnot aprofessional tourguide,I organizedand conducteda tourof mycity forclassmates livingoutsidethearea,for whichI receivedexcellent feedback.
73.【答案】Whether itsan onlineshop wherewe canhire designerclothes atrock-bottom prices,or a platform from which we can rent out our flats fbra couple of days,its out there.【详解】考查让步状语从句和定语从句句子描述的目前的情况,应用一般现在时,根据句意及题目要求可知,此处使用whether….or.…引导让步状语从句;“网店”译为an onlineshop,“我们可以以最低价格租借名牌服装译为we canhire designerclothes atrock-bottom prices,可以使用where引导的定语从句,修饰an onlineshop,“平台”译为a platform,我们可以出租公寓几天译为wecan rentout ourflats for a coupleof days,可以使用fromwhich引导的定语从句,修饰aplatform,“它者R在那里”译为it9s outthereo故译为Whether itsan onlineshop wherewecanhire designerclothes atrock-bottom prices,or aplatform fromwhich wecanrentoutourflatsfor acoupleofdays,its outthere.
74.[答案]Only whendarkness hadagain descendedupon meshould Irealize how much I had leftunseen.【详解】考查时态、部分倒装和虚拟语气“只有当黑暗重新降临到我身上时”处理为when引导的条件状语从句,此时when相当于if,此处使用了错综时间条件句,主语“黑暗”表达为darkness,谓语“降临到某人身上”表达为descend uponsb.,陈述与过去事实相反的情况用过去完成时;“我才会意识到我还有多少东西还没来得及看”为主句部分,其中包含一个howmuch引导的宾语从句;“意识到表达为realize,陈述与现在事实相反的情况主句用“should+动词原形、“留下……未看表达为leave…unseen,作宾语从句的谓语动词,陈述过去之前发生的事情,用过去完成时;当、nly+状语从句”位于句首时,主句要部分倒装,本句将情态动词should置于主语I之前结合其他汉语提示,故翻译为Only whendarkness hadagain descendedupon meshould Irealize howmuch Ihad leftunseen.
75.【答案】In thepast severaldecades,Shenzhen hasbecome the window and test field of Chinese reform and opening up,where thegreat technologyinnovations tookplace,which providesgreat businessopportunities for the companiesat homeand abroad.【详解】考查定语从句“在过去的几十年”译为介词短语in thepast severaldecades,在句中作状语,句子时态应用现在完成时,“成为使用动词become,“改革开放的窗口和试验田”译为thewindow andtest fieldof Chinesereform andopening up,故“深圳成为了中国的改革开放的窗口和试验田”译为Shenzhen hasbecome thewindow andtest fieldof Chinesereform andopening up;”在这里发生了翻天覆地的科技创新”可译为一个非限制性定语从句,讲述过去发生的事,使用一般过去时,先行词是Shenzhen,关系词正在从句中作地点状语,用where引导,“发生”使用动词短语take place,故译为where thegreat technologyinnovations tookplace;为海内外企业提供了巨大商机”译为一个非限制性定语从句,描述一个事实,使用一般现在时,先行词是前面的内容,关系词在从句中作主语,应用which引导,“为提供”使用动词短语provide…for…,“国内外”译为固定短语at homeand abroad,which作主语,表示单数意义,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式结合其他汉语提示,故本句可译为In thepast severaldecades,Shenzhen hasbecome thewindowandtestfieldofChinesereformandopeningup,where thegreat technologyinnovations tookplace,which providesgreat businessopportunities forthe companiesat homeand abroad.写作
76.【参考范文】The humanbeings arestepping intothe information society.The informationindustry developsincreasingly,so dothe hackers,trick-playing teens,exploring children,fraudsters,and seriouswhite-collar criminals.Thus,information securitybecomes animpending important issue.In caseof informationbreach,the victims一a governmentdepartment,an organizationor aninstitution,oracompany,will inevitablysuffer greator smallloss.Government maybe threatenedwith nationalsecurity.Companies maylose opportunitiesto developnew projects.And thepublic andusers Confidencewill bedamaged.Then howto dealwith thisissue Technologyis onlya partialsolution to information security.Whats moreimportant isthat organizationsand companiesshould promotethe awarenesson informationsecurity toits staff.However,since nosystem canever be100percent secure,a prevention-only approachto informationsecurity managementisnotenough.Companies andorganizations shouldadopt adual approachto informationsecurity managementby combiningprevention anddetection techniques.156words【解析】本篇书面表达属于提纲式作文,要求考生按照提示完成作文,重点在于举例说明危害和保证安全的办法相关词汇储备informationsociety,hacker,criminab threaten,solution,security management,approach too【点睛】[高分句型1]Whafs moreimportantisthat organizationsand companiesshould promotethe awarenesson informationsecurity toits staff.(运用了what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句)[高分句型2|However,since nosystem canever be100percent secure,a prevention-only approachtoinformationsecurity managementisnotenough.(运用了since引导的原因状语从句)附写作指导
一、写作的过程
1.构思即当考生拿到考题,看懂题目,在脑中整合与考题内容相关的内容这时的素材往往是个别的,孤立的,很凌乱琐碎;
2.组织即把脑中的素材做出整理,使其条理、系统化取舍素材的标准如下第一自己是否可以准备的英文进行表达,第二整理的素材字数是否符合考试的要求3,表达即把组织过的材料仔细推敲,确无问题了再落笔成文在撰写时要注意主谓语一致,时态呼应,用词贴切等
二、写作的必备积累
1.基础语法写作是一个输出的过程,要求考生一定具备最基础的语法才会造出正确的句子,所以在真正写作之前,考生需要检验自己的最基本语法知识是否具备具体如下时态,语态,三大从句,主谓一致倘若可以掌握更复杂的语法点自然是更好,如虚拟语气,强调,倒装,非谓语动词等但在此之前需要考生掌握造句的最基本语法
2.高级词汇以及高级固定句型的积累写作的高分标准不是语言的.正确表达,而是优美表达,换言之,文章不是写对就是高分,需要写好这就要求考生一定有语言的积累,体现在写作的造句方面就是单词和句型的升级
三、写作的提高方法L阅读优秀范文阅读是写作的基础,写好英语先要读好英语积累一个词,应该要同时掌握这个词的用法记单词不能光记它的表面意思,而应深入了解它的适用语境、常用搭配、习惯用法等,这样才算真正掌握了一个词
3.加强遣词造句训练词句对作文相当于造房的材料,无好材料就造不出好房子平时在学习阅读时要注意收集积累,把好的词语、短语、句型做好笔记平时在练习中的错误也要做好记录,再对照止确句子,使地道的英语句子如同条件反射,落笔就对
4.了解英语写作格式如何写出提纲式作文,如何提出论据,如何展开,如何确定中心句,考生要具备这些必备知识
5.恰当运用过渡词恰当运用过渡词可以使文章结构紧凑,过渡自然,避免脱节现象
7.【答案】B【听力材料】W:Iwantto buythree lipsticksand twobottles ofwhite creams.M:Well,$5for eachlipstick and$20for twobottles inall.Question:How muchshould the woman payaltogether
8.【答案】D【听力材料】M:How isyour activityfor holidayin PenongW:Oh,it couldnthave beenmore terrific.Question:What doesthe womanmean
9.【答案】A【听力材料】M:This calculatorisnt workingproperly.W:I thinkyouve gotthe batteryin upsidedown.Q:What canbe concludedfrom thisconversation
10.【答案】B【听力材料】M:Td like to applyfbr theposition youadvertised in the paper.W:A goodknowledge ofFrench andSpanish isa must.Question:What doesthe womanimply11-13【答案】BCA【听力材料】Tom and Mike likeclimbing mountains.They likeice climbing,skiing,mountain biking,and otherexciting sports.But thesesports allneed equipment,and theequipment isexpensive.They alsoliketotravel toforeign countries,and thesetrips areexpensive.It isnteasy toget thetime andmoney togo onan adventure,but theyfind ways toget these things.They findwaysto do whatthey wantto do.For example,Tom andMike arevery goodat sports.They areexcellent skiers.One day,a skicompany askedTom totest someof theirnew equipment.They gavehim skiequipment andclothes totest.Tom didnthave topay forthese things.This saveshim money.Because Tom andMikeare twins,they canboth usethe clothesand equipment.This isanother waythey cansave money.But howdo theyfind timeSometimes theyget tiredof workingtogether.It isnteasy workingwith abrother,but theyhave areason fbrworking.They mustsave moneyfor anadventure.When theysave enoughmoney,Tom andMike willleave theirjobs.They willfind newjobs when they comeback.Questions:
11.What areTomandMike interested in
12.What dida skicompany askTom todo
13.When will the twinsstop working14-16【答案】CDA【听力材料】May Ihave yourattention pleaseAs youare aware,the nationis experiencingan energyshortage.The presidenthas askedeveryone tocooperate in making the best possibleuse ofenergy resources.In answertothepresidents request,the Davis Company willtake theseactions:
1.During thewinter months,the temperatureinalloffices will be nohigher than20℃.It isrecommended thatall employeeswear warmclothing.
2.To saveelectricity everyemployee isasked toturn offthe lightswhen leavinghis orher office.
3.All officesand hallwayswill becleaned duringworking hoursrather thanat night.Please cooperatewith thecleaning staffin thismatter.We areasking foreveryones cooperationinmakingthis plana success.If youhave furthersuggestions forusing energywisely,please contactyour supervisor.Thank you.Questions:
14.Whose requestisthecompany answering
15.Which actionwill notbe takenby theDavisCompanyto saveenergy
16.According tothe passage,in whatcase arethe employeesencouraged tocontact theirsupervisors17-20【答案】CBCB【听力材料】M:Next week,there willbe anannual folkfestival.A lotof programswillbeshowed then.Will youcome W:Iamnot sure.Er,what programsare therethis yearM:There willbe afree artexhibition onMonday.Are youinterestedinit W:An artexhibition M:Thats right.It willbe heldintheArt School,and Fveheard thatmost ofthe workson showare paintedby thestudents inour town.And theyare allvery creative.Im sureyou willlike themvery much.W:Really I will goand see.Well,what elseis onthe programM:There areseveral traditionalprograms everyyear,such asballet performances.But itisa little different from last year.This yearthere willbe twoperformances atthe theatre,the firston Tuesdayat6p.m.andthesecond onThursday atthe sametime.This programis sopopular thatthe audiencesneed tobook the tickets inadvance.W:Oh,I sawit lastyear.There wereso manypeople atthe theatrethat Icould hardlysee thedancer.Are thereany otherparticular newprograms M:Let mehave alook.Er,yes,there willbe amask party.It willbe heldon Fridayevening.Everyone iswelcome,but everyparticipant shouldbe dressedin fancydress.W:Thats funny.By theway,where willitbe held M:It wasplanned tobe heldinthePiazza,but nowit hasbeen changedtotheconcert hall.W:Great.I willgo.Er,are thereany livingtheatres M:Yes,the Little Prince willbeheldon Wednesday.It isalso atthe theatre;you cangotosee itfrom2:00-4:30p.m.or6:30-9:00p.m.W:Thats nice.How muchwilltheticket costM:Well,theticketcosts$10for adults,$8for studentsand seniors,and$15for afamily.W:Excellent.Iwillgo withmy family.Then whatabout Saturdayand SundayM:Oh,there willbe afood festivalattheTown HalLYou shouldntmiss it.During thefestival,you willhave theopportunity totaste hundredsof freedrink samples,and thousandsof newand uniqueproducts.But theticket foritisalittleexpensive.It willcost you$
20.Questions:
1.1In whichaspect isthis yearsballet performancedifferentfromthat oflastyear
18.Where willthe maskparty beheld
19.How muchwillthewoman payfor afamily ticketfortheLittlePrince
20.Which ofthe followingprograms isthewomanleast interestedin笔试部分语法填空【答案】
21.but
22.without
23.instead of/rather than
24.mistakenly
25.to draw
26.while/when
27.that
28.more accurately
29.observational
30.slashes【文章大意】这是一篇说明文文章主要讲述了绘画不仅是一种艺术形式,也是一种学习工具,它对各种技能和学科都产生了积极的影响
21.【答案】but【解析】考查连词句意我们经常认为绘画需要与生俱来的才能,但这种想法源于我们错误地将绘画主要归类为一种艺术形式,而不是一种学习工具前后内容构成转折,故填but
22.【答案】without【解析】考查介词句意一个没有设计师和艺术家的世界确实是一个非常破烂不堪的世界由句意的需要可知,应该填入表示“没有”的介词,故填without
23.【答案】instead of/rather than【解析】考查短语句意我们误解了绘画的重要性,因为我们将其视为一种专业技能,而不是个人能力instead of/rather than代替/而不是,符合句意的需要,故填instead of/rather thano
24.【答案】mistakenly【解析】考查副词句意我们错误地将好的绘画视为对现实世界的再现,是对现实的幻想副词作状语,故填mistakenlyo
25.【答案】to draw【解析】考查动词不定式句意在许多方面,人类生来就能画画be builttodo与生俱来就能,天生就能,故填to draw
26.【答案】while/when【解析】考查连词句意在一项研究中,参与者被要求在涂鸦或静坐时听名单上的名字while/when+doing当做某事时,为省略句的结构,故填while/when
27.【答案】that【解析】考查同位语从句句意还有证据表明,绘画才能是基于一个人感知世界的准确程度that引导同位语从句,解释说明evidence,故填that
28.【答案】more accurately【解析】考查副词的比较级句意人类视觉系统往往会误判大小、形状、颜色和角度,但艺术家比非艺术家更准确地感知这些品质此处需耍使用比较级,修饰动词perceive作状语,故填more accurately
29.【答案】observational【解析•】考查形容词句意培养绘画人才可以成为一种重要的工具以提高在视觉很重要的领域的人们的观察能力形容词作定语修饰skills,故填observational
30.【答案】slashes【解析】考查时态和主谓一致句意心不在焉的涂鸦和从生活中复制已被证明对你的记忆力和视觉感知有积极影响,所以下次你的学校董事会削减艺术部门的预算时,请大声抱怨表示不同意school board作主语并且使用一般现在时,故填slashes选词填空【答案】31-35JBGDF36-40CAKEH【文章大意】这是一篇说明文文章主要介绍星巴克咖啡的一个原料来源地,受天气变化的影响从而影响销量
31.考查非谓语句意星巴克老板正坐在阳台上,俯瞰着该公司位于Alajuela的Costa Rican省的绿叶茂盛的农场有人告诉我,在那里的咖啡是必须尝试的,因为是在现场收获和烘焙由前文“abalcony”可知,在阳台上应该是远眺,且空处是非谓语动词做状语,表示伴随,与逻辑主语The Starbucksboss二者之间是主动关系,应用现在分词作状语,所以J项verlooking(俯瞰)符合语境故选J项
32.考查被动语态句意但Schultz说,我的Costa RicanArabica咖啡的未来并不确定根据but可知这里表示一个转折,再根据is可知填一个形容词或被动,这里应表示“未来并不能得到保证”,所以填guarantee的被动guaranteed,表示“得到保证”,符合语境故选B项
33.考查形容词句意他从星巴克日复一日的日常运行中看到了它长期的挑战和机遇根据句型分析可知,此空应填形容词来修饰后面名词challenges andopportunities(挑战和机遇)而G项long-term表“长期的”,符合语境故选G项
34.考查谓语动词句意天气变化在其中排名靠前由句意可知此处缺少一个谓语动词,结合前句的各种机会和挑战,和后面的among可知,这里表示在其中的地位,用动词rank(排名),句子描述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时,主语是单数,谓语动词应用三单形式,所以ranks符合故选D项
35.考查名词句意由于政府采取措施缓慢,星巴克开始自救行动,探入咖啡生产供应链的最底端,去确保一条可信赖的途径来获得产品供应根据句型分析可知,此空应填名词,而F项access表途径:符合语意,access to…意为通往.......的入口故选F项
36.考查名词句意天气变化会在影响咖啡的品质和纯正方面起很大作用根据and和后面的名词integrity可知,and在这里并列两个描述咖啡质量的名词,integrity表完整”,这里可以理解为咖啡的纯正,而咖啡的品质应选用quality(品质)故选C项
37.考查形容词句意这个农场有着翠绿的景色和涓涓细流的瀑布,似乎远离了海平面上升、无法忍受的高温和破坏性风暴,这些都是气候变化的特征根据句意可知,seem为系动词,后面应加形容词,这里表示一种假象,即似乎不受天气变化的影响,也就是远离影响,用形容词removed表远离的,符合语境,far表示了其程度故选A项
38.考查谓语动词句意这个农场有着翠绿的景色和涓涓细流的瀑布,似乎远离了海平面上升、无法忍受的高温和破坏性风暴,这些都是气候变化的特征根据句子成分可知,that climatechange.是定语从句,空处在从句中做谓语,关系词that代指前面的the risingsea levels,unbearable heatand destructivestorm,是复数,且句子描述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时,所以空处应用动词用原形,根据句意可知,此处指“气候变化的特征”所以characterize符合,在这里可翻译为“是……的特征,以……为典型”故选K项
39.考查名词句意这个农场是星巴克的田野实验室,用来研究天气的变化对咖啡带来的威胁,同时也是个测试设施,用来研究咖啡怎样适应这种挑战的根据句意,此空应填名词,而E项threats表威胁”符合语境故选E项
40.考查形容词句意根据气候变化期刊最近的一项研究,至2050世界上大约一半的用来生产高质量咖啡的土地将会变得生产力低根据句型可知这里应该加形容词作表语,结合句意以及全文探讨气候变化对咖啡生产的影响,应选unproductive表“低产的”,符合句意故选H项完形填空【答案】41-45BCDDA46-50CCBCA51-55BACAD【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了开放式办公室的弊端,它会导致员工之间缺乏隐私的保护,面对面的交流减少以及思想封闭4L考查名词词义辨析句意开放式办公室的预期目标是确保员工与同事有更多的接触,由此产生的合作将带来更高的生产力A.room空间;B.contact联系;C.commitment承诺;D.assessment评估根据后文“with theircolleagues(与同事厂可知开放式办公室的预期目标是确保员工与同事有更多的接触故选B
42.考查名词词义辨析句意见上题解析A.conflict冲突;B.confusion困惑;C.cooperation合作;D.congestion堵塞根据后文“lead togreater productivity.(提高生产力)”可知是合作将带来更高的生产力故选Co
43.考查动词短语词义辨析句意两位作者调查了两家没有透露姓名的跨国公司的同事之间的互动,这两家公司已改用开放式办公室A.stuck to坚持;B.identified with认为等同于,与一致;C.interacted with与相互作用;D.switched to切换到;转到;转变成根据后文“They didso byrecruiting workersto weardifferent devicesto detect,record,and monitortheir interactions,body movement,and theirlocation.(他们通过招募工作人员佩戴不同的设备来检测、记录和监控他们的互动、身体运动和他们的位置厂可知这两家公司已改用开放式办公室故选D
44.考查介词短语词义辨析句意与此相反,当人们切换到开放式办公室时,他们互相发送的电子邮件数量增加了56%O A.As aresult结果;B.In asense在某种意义上;C.In addition另外;D.In contrast与此相反根据上文“At thefirst company,the authorsfound thatface-to-face interactionswere morethan threetimes higherintheold,cubicle(小隔间)-based officethan inan open-plan spacewhere employeeshave clearlines ofsight toeach other(在第一家公司,作者发现,在老式的小隔间办公室里,面对面交流的次数是在开放式办公空间里的三倍多,而开放式办公空间里,员工之间有清晰的视线)以及后句the numberofe-mails peoplesent toeach other...by56%whentheyswitched toopen-plan.(当人们切换到开放式办公室时,他们互相发送的电子邮件数量增加了56%广可知在老式的小隔间办公室里,面对面交流的次数是在开放式办公空间里的三倍多,而在开放式办公室时,他们互相发送的电子邮件数量增加了56%,即面对面交流的次数变少了可知上下句之间是相反关系故选D
45.考查动词词义辨析句意见上题解析A.increased增加;B.altered改变;C.weakened变弱;D.decreased减少根据上文“At thefirst company,the authorsfound thatface-to-face interactionswere morethan threetimes higherintheold,cubicle(小隔间)-based officethan inan open-plan spacewhere employeeshave clearlines ofsight toeach other(在第一家公司,作者发现,在老式的小隔间办公室里,面对面交流的次数是在开放式办公空间里的三倍多,而开放式办公空间里,员工之间有清晰的视线)”以及“the numberofe-mails peoplesent teach other(与此相反,他们互相发送的电子邮件数量)”可知他们面对面交流的次数少了,与此相反,他们互相发送的电子邮件数量增加了56%故选A
46.考查名词词义辨析句意而电子邮件流量增长了22%到50%A.road路;B.air空气;C.e-mail电子邮件;D.passenger乘客根据上文wherea(s但是)可知设空处和上句In thesecond company,face-to-face interactionsdecreased bya thirdafter theswitch toopen-plan(在第二家公司,在改用开放式办公后,面对面的交流减少了三分之一)”含义相反即面对面的交流少了,而电子邮件流量增长了故选C
47.考查名词词义辨析句意两位作者建议,员工应该重视自己的隐私,并在开放式办公室中寻找保护隐私的新方法A.cooperation合作;B.partnership合伙;C.privacy隐私;D.enthusiasm热情根据后文“They shutthemselves offby wearinglarge headphonesto keepoutthe...caused bynearby colleagues.(他6]戴着大耳机来隔绝周围同事的干扰)”可知两位作者建议,员工应该重视自己的隐私故选C
48.考查动词词义辨析句意两位作者建议,员工应该重视自己的隐私,并在开放式办公室中寻找保护隐私的新方法A.fuel(给)提供燃料,加油;刺激,加剧;B.preserve保护;C.exchange交换;D.overcome克服根据上文“The authorssuggest thatemployees valuetheir..(.作者建议员工应该重视自己的隐私)“空后的it”指代隐私,可知员工在开放式办公室中寻找保护隐私的新方法故选B
49.考查名词词义辨析句意他们戴着大耳机来隔绝周围同事的干扰A.attention注意力;B.discomfort不适;C.distractions分心;D.attraction吸引根据后文“caused bynearby colleagues(周围同事的)“可知他们戴着大耳机的目的是隔绝周围同事的干扰故选C
50.考查动词词义辨析句意事实上,那些提倡开放式办公室的人似乎忘记了能够集中精力工作的重要性A.advocate提倡;B.equip装备;C.combine结合;D.ignore忽视根据后文“seem tohave forgottenthe importanceof beingable toconcentrate onyour work.(似乎忘记了集中精力工作的重要性)”可知是那些提倡开放式办公室的人没有考虑集中精力工作的重要性故选A
51.考查名词词义辨析句意员工还可以找到其他的方式与同事交流而不是在一大群人面前聊天A.Researchers研究人员;B.Employees员工;C.Authors作者;D.Audiences观众根据后文“employees simplysend ane-mail(员工只需发送一封电子邮件厂可知,此处指员工还可以找到其他的方式与同事交流故选B
52.考查名词词义辨析句意员工只需发送一封电子邮件;结果(以被调查的两家公司中的一家的数据衡量)是交流减少了A.communication交流;B.crowdedness拥挤度;C.concentration集中;D.productivity生产率根据上文“also findother waysof communicatingwith theirfellow workers.Rather thanhave achat infront ofa largeaudience(员工还可以找到其他的方式与同事交流而不是在一大群人面前聊天)”可知员工之间发送电子邮件,造成交流减少了故选A
53.考查形容词词义辨析句意但至少工人们有更多的机会让他们的工作区域更具个人色彩A.decorative装饰性的;B.finishing最后的修整;C.personal个人的;D.enhancing提高根据后文“Allowing plentyof roomfor picturesof children,office plants,novelty coffeemugs(有足够的空间放孩子的照片,办公室植物,新奇的咖啡杯)”可知但至少工人们有更多的机会让他们的工作区域更具个人色彩故选Co
54.考查名词词义辨析句意然而,开放式办公室向低层办公室职员发出了一个明确的信息,即他们被视为机器上的一次性齿轮A.message信息;B.layout布局;C.design设计;D.picture图画根据后文“that theyare seenas disposablecogs ina machine.(即他们被视为机器上的一次性齿轮)可知开放式办公室向低层办公室职员发出了一个明确的信息,即他们被视为机器上的一次性齿轮故选A
55.考查形容词词义辨析句意:再加上缺乏隐私,办公室成了一个令人沮丧的工作场所A.productive多产的;B.mismatched配错的;C.undeniable不可否认的;D.depressing令人沮丧的根据后文Combine thiswith thelack ofprivacy(再加上缺乏隐私厂可知缺乏隐私,办公室成了一个令人沮丧的工作场所故选D阅读理解A篇
56.B
57.A
58.C
59.D【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要讲的是Harold deVladar提议用博弈论的一种方法来解决在探索外星生物中该如何向外星生物发送信息的困境
56.推理判断题根据第二段的“So farthe searchfor extraterrestrial intelligence(SETI)has mostlybeen restrictedto listeningfor signsof technologyelsewhere.Only afew attemptshave beenmade tobroadcast messagestowards distantstarts.Many scientistsareagainstsuch“active“SETI forfear ofrevealing our presence.(至I」目前为止,对夕卜星生物的探索大多局限于寻找其他地方的科技迹象向遥远的起点发送信息的尝试很少许多科学家反对这种“积极的”对外星生物的探索,因为他们害怕暴露我们的存在广可知,积极的对外星生物的探索是向外星发送信息,因此消极的对外星生物的探索是接收其他地方的信息故选B
57.推理判断题根据第三段的If theyboth betrayeachother,each getsamediumsentence.By contrast,if bothstay silent,both getminimum sentences-thebestoverall result.(如果他们都背叛了对方,每个人得到一个中等的判决相比之下,如果双方都保持沉默,双方都得到最小的判决——这是最好的整体结果广和第四段的Mutual betrayalfor prisonersis equivalentto mutualsilence foraliens.(囚犯之间的相互背叛等同于与外星人相互沉默广可知,根据De Vladar的说法,两个文明都在传递信息在SETI中相当于囚犯之间的相互沉默故选Ao
58.细节理解题根据最后一段的“One interestingidea wasthat asyou increasethe rewardsplaced onfinding aliens,you candecrease thefrequency ofbroadcasts,while keepingthe expectedbenefit toEarthlings thesame.(一个有趣的想法是,当你增加寻找外星人的奖励时,你可以减少传播信息的频率,同时保持对地球人的预期好处不变广可知,对SETI中地球人最有利的方法是减少向外太空传播信息的频率,也就是向太空发送尽可能少的信息故选C
59.主旨大意题通读全文,尤其是第一段的Sending messagesinto deepspace couldbe thebest wayfor Earthlingsto findextraterrestrialintelligence,but itcarries arisk:alerting unfriendlyaliens toourpresence.Game theorymay providea wayto dealwith thissituation4向外太空发送信息可能是地球人寻找外星生物的最佳方式,但它也有风险提醒不友好的外星人我们的存在博弈论可以提供一种方法来处理这种情况广可知,本文主要讲的是该如何和外星人发送信息,可以用博弈论的一种方法来解决,也就是可以将文章总结为“与外星人联系的决定是一个博弈理论难题,即Decision tocontact aliensisagame-theory dilemma,故选Do B篇
60.A
61.B
62.C【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文文章中作者讲述了自己在工作中严守员工规定,但却忽视了人类的本性,没有对需要帮助的人伸出援手,这让作者后悔不已
60.细节理解题根据第一段关键句Having workedata7-Eleven storefor twoyears,I thoughtIhadbecome successfulat whatour managercalls customerrelations/在一家7-11商店工作了两年后,我认为自己在我们经理所说的“客户关系”方面取得了成功厂可知,起初在7-11商店工作时,作者认为自己在所谓的“客户关系”方面取得了成功由此可知,在老妇人来之前,在7-11工作时,作者对自己的服务态度很满意故选A项
61.推理判断题根据第二段关键句She cougheddryly,wheezing(气喘吁吁)with eachbreath.On aforty-degree night,she waswearing onlya fadeddress,a thinsweater toosmall tobutton,and blackslippers withthe backscut outto exposecalloused(满是老茧的)heels.(她干咳着,每次呼吸都气喘吁吁在一个华氏40度的夜晚,她只穿了一件褪色的连衣裙,一件太小而扣不上纽扣的薄毛衣,以及一双黑色的拖鞋,拖鞋的后部被剪开,露出长满老茧的脚后跟户可知,通过干咳的动作可以得知老人身体不好,通过老人不得体的穿着可以得知她很贫穷,希望得到别人的帮助由此推知,对这位老妇人的详细描述是为了展示她病得有多重、多穷、多渴望帮助故选B项
62.词句猜测题根据画线短语后文“Im sorry,but Icarftgive awayanything forfi*ee.(对不起,我不能免费赠送任何东西广可知,面对老人买不起食物的情况,作者最终决定不免费赠送给老人任何东西,由此可知,员工的规定是保持礼貌,但不要让客户胜过你,虽然老人买不起食物,但也不能随意赠送,要坚持员工的规定由此可知,戈ij线部分getthebest of与To winan advantageover(胜过,优于)意思接近故选C项C篇
63.D
64.D
65.A
66.A【文章大意】这是一篇议论文文章主要谈论了儿童保育的职业化推高了它的价格
63.细节理解题根据第一段中“Mindful thata poorstart canspoil apersons chancesof successlater inlife,the statehas intervenedever moreclosely inhow babiesand toddlersare lookedafter.Inspectors callnot onlyat nurseriesbut alsoat homeswhere youngstersare minded;three-year-olds followthe nationalcurriculum.Child。