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定语从句讲义I.认识定语从句
1.Is this the trainThe traingoes to Beijing.Is this the train(the train)/which goes to Beijing翻译这是开往比京的火车吗?
2.1dont know the boy.The boyis talkingto theteacher.
3.The doctor has not come yet.They are waiting for the doctor.The doctor/they arewaiting for(the doctor)has notcome yet.翻译
4.The TVplay waswonderful.We watchedthe TVplay lastnight.
5.Last Sundaywe visitedthe museum.My elder sister is working in the museum.
6.This is the novel.A lot of people are fond of the novel.
7.I havelooked at the wordsin the dictionary.I borrowedthe dictionaryfrom the library.
8.Those peopleare notworried.They havealready gottheir tickets.
9.This is the scientist.The scientistsname is known all over the world.This isthe scientist(the scientists)f name is known all over the world.翻译:
10.He livesin theroom.The roomswindow facessouth.II.基本概念回顾QI什么叫定语从句?Al作为定语修饰名词或代词的从句(句子),翻译成中文“的”Q2什么叫先行词?A2被定语从句修饰的名词或代词Q3什么叫关系词?A3分为关系代词who,whom,which,that,whose和关系副词when,where,why Q4关系词的作用?A41)引导定语从句位于先行词后面,定语从句开头2)在从句中代替先行词(先行词在从句中不能再一次出现)3)在从句中充当一个句子成分(主、宾、定、表、状语)第二类有无先行词
1.Is thisfactory we visited last year C A.where B.in which C.the oneD.at which
2.This isthe factory we visited last year.B A.where B.which C.the oneD.at which总结没有先行词,则—添上先行词—第三类并列句和定语从句
1.Mr.Smith hasthree sons,is a scientist.B A.all ofwhom B.none ofwhom C.all of them D.none ofthem
2.Mr.Smith hasthree sons,but is a scientist.D A.all ofwhom B.none ofwhom C.all ofthem ofthem D.none总结要分清并列句和定语从句(由but,and或so等连接词连接的是并列句;没有连词只有逗号的是定语从句)第四类:单复数问题
1.This isone ofthe mostinteresting filmsshown lastweek.D A.which wasB.that wasC.which wereD.that were
2.This isthe onlyone ofthe mostinteresting filmsshown lastweek.B A.which wasB.that wasC.which wereD.that were总结先行词前有the only的,是一单一数;反之,则—复—数第五类such...as/that;the sameas/that问题
1.She issuch alovely girl_that_everybody likesher.as/that
2.She issuch aboss aseverybody described.描述as/that
3.Here itis!This isthe samepen that I lost yesterday.as/that
4.She iswearing the same dressas I wore yesterday,as/that总结such…that…that后面的句子完整,不缺成分such...as...:as后面的“句子”不完整,需要as充当其主语或宾语the same•••that指同一个人或物the same…as表示同一类人或物第六类强调句和定语从句
3.It wasin thestone housewhich/that was built as a school by local villagers that the boyfinished hisprimary school.
4.It wasin thegarden ofhis oldhouse wherehe grew up thathe dugup apot ofgold.总结It was...that...强调句式如果去掉句子依然成立,则是强调句;反之,是定语从句第七类碰到插入语On the train Isaw astudent Ithought wasyour sister.A A.who B.whom C.which D.that总结碰到定语从句中的插入语如,sb think,sb suppose,sb believe,sb guess,一律去掉之后再判断VIL易错题目归纳练一练改错,并说出理由先标出先行词和定语从句
1.Some ofthe boysI invitedthem didntcome.—Some ofthe boyswho/whom I invited didntcome.
2.Those have finished may leave the classroom.—Those who havefinished mayleave theclassroom.
3.The wolveshid themselvesin the places wherecouldnt befound.The wolveshid themselvesin the places whichcouldnt befound.
4.This isthe bagwhat Marybought yesterday.This isthe bagthat/which Marybought yesterday.
5.The girlyou sawwhom in the streetis Mary.The girlwho/whom/that you saw in the streetis Mary.
6.On thewall hangsa paintingwhich worth a large amount of money.—On thewall hangsa paintingwhich iswortha largeamount ofmoney.
7.He hasntgot enoughmoney thathe can buy the computer.He hasntgot enoughmoney withwhich he canbuy thecomputer.
8.He wasvery rudeto thecustoms officer,who ofcourse madethings evenworse.He wasvery rudeto thecustoms officer,which ofcourse madethings evenworse.
9.I don*t know the person from whohe borrowedall themoney.I don;t know the person from whomhe borrowedall themoney.
10.Bamboo ishollow,that makesit verylight.Bamboo ishollow,which makesit verylight.
11.This isthe onlyexample whichI cangive you.This isthe onlyexample that/省略I cangive you.
12.In thedark street,there wasnta singlepersonfrom whom shecould turnfor help.In thedark street,there wasnta singleperson towhom shecould turnfor help.练一练请在以下句子中依次找出以上的概念,并做上标注,把句子翻译成中文
1.The boy who is playing on the grass is her brother.
2.Do youknow theteacher whomwe met atthe gate
3.A dictionaryis abook which gives the meaning of words.
4.Whats the name ofthe boywhose father is a railway workerHL如何选择关系词?关系词的基本用法归纳关系词词形所修饰的先行词在从句中所做成分who人主语、宾语whom人宾语which物主语、宾语关系代词that人或物主语、宾语、表语as人、物或事主语、宾语whose人或物定语when时间名词时间状语关系副词where地点名词地点状语why原因名词原因状语练一练关系词的选择先行词在限制性定语从句中,指……:人,作主语,选:人,作宾语,选物,作主语,选________________________物,作宾语,选人,作定语,选物,作定语,选:作地点状语,选=:作时间状语,选=:作原因状语,选=IV.定语从句三部曲1)找出先行词和定语从句2)确定先行词在从句中的成分主语,宾语,状语3)根据以上规则选择正确的关系词V.定语从句中的几点注意点
1.只能用that的情况1先行词为不定代词all,none,few,little,much,something,anything,nothing,everything,etc2先行词被all,each,few,little,much,some,any,no,every,等修饰时⑶先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、形容词最高级⑷先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last,the next修饰时5先行词同时指人和指物时6在以which,who开头的的特殊疑问句时,为避免重复
2.不能用that的情况⑴介词后面不能用that,指人只能用whom,指物只能用which⑵在非限制性定语从句中,即逗号后面不能用that,指人,做主语用who,宾语用whom;指物只能用which⑶指代前面整个句子,不能用that,只能用which,翻译成中文为“这二
3.the way做先行词时the way做先行词,在从句中做状语时,关系词可用in which,that.或者省略
4.非限制性定语从句有逗号注意点e.g.He waslate again,which annoyedhis teacher.The girl,whom theteacher praised,was modest.1作宾语的关系代词2不能使用关系词3关系词可以在非限制性定语从句中指代前面整个句子,译为______________________9不能位于___________4who不能代替5也可以由as引导,解释为E.g.正如被报道的____________________________正如被期盼的__________________________正如以上提到的_________________________正如经常发生的那样______________________练一练定语从句用方括号标出
1.The boyisplaying onthe grassis herbrother.
2.Do youknowtheteacher we metatthegate
3.A dictionaryis abook givesthe meaningof words.
4.Here isthe bookour teachermentioned yesterday.
5.What*sthe name ofthe boyfather is a railwayworker
6.Do youlike the book cover is red
1.1still rememberthe nightShanghai wasliberated(国军放).
8.Shanghai istheplacemy father lived before liberation.
9.This isthe reasonhe waslate.VI.易混淆题目归纳第一类,相同先行词,不同关系词
1.This isthe factorya lotof studentsvisited yesterdayA.the oneB.which C.who D.whom
2.This isthe factorymy fatherworks.A.at whichB.which C.that D.where
3.October1,1949istheday wellnever forget.A.when B.on which C.that D.where
4.October1,1949was theday thePeoples Republicof Chinawas founded.A.when B.that C.where D.in which
5.That was the reasonMac gaveme theother day.A.why B.for which C.which D.for that
6.That wasthe reasonMac waslate forthe meeting.A.why B.for that C.which D.of which总结相同先行词,不一定用相同关系词关键是把代入中,判断成分,然后选出正确的关系词第二类有无先行词
1.Is thisfactorywe visitedlastyear A.where B.in whichC.the oneD.at which
2.This isthe factorywe visitedlastyear.A.where B.whichC.the oneD.at which总结没有先行词,则第三类并列句和定语从句
1.Mr.Smith hasthree sons,isascientist.A.all ofwhom B.none ofwhom C.all ofthem D.none ofthem
2.Mr.Smith hasthree sons,but isascientist.A.all ofwhom B.none ofwhom C.all ofthem D.none ofthem总结要分清并列句和定语从句由but,and或so等连接词连接的是并列句;没有连词只有逗号的是定语从句第四类:单复数问题
1.This isone ofthe mostinteresting filmsshown lastweek.A.which wasB.that wasC.which wereD.that were
2.This isthe onlyone ofthe mostinteresting filmsshown lastweek.A.which wasB.that wasC.which wereD.that were总结先行词前有the only的,是数;反之,则数第五类such...as/that;the sameas/that问题
1.She issuch alovely girleverybody likesher.as/that
2.She issuch aboss everybodydescribed.描述as/that
3.Here itis!This isthe samepen Ilostyesterday,as/that
4.She iswearing the same dressIworeyesterday,as/that总结such…that...that后面的句子完整,不缺成分such...as...:as后面的“句子”不完整,需要as充当其主语或宾语thesame•••that指同一个人或物thesame…as表示同一类人或物第六类强调句和定语从句
1.It wasin thestone housewasbuiltasaschoolbylocalvillagersthe boyfinished hisprimary school.
2.It wasin thegarden ofhis oldhouse hegrewuphe dugup apot ofgold.总结It was...that…强调句式如果去掉句子依然成立,则是强调句;反之,是定语从句第七类碰到插入语On the train Isaw astudent Ithought wasyour sister.A.who B.whom C.which D.that总结碰到定语从句中的插入语如,sb think,sb suppose,sb believe,sb guess,一律去掉之后再判断VIL易错题目归纳练一练改错,并说出理由(先标出先行词和定语从句)
1.Some ofthe boysIinvitedthem didntcome.
2.Those havefinishedmayleavetheclassroom.
3.The wolveshid themselvesin theplaces wherecouldnt befound.
4.This isthe bagwhat Marybought yesterday.
5.The girlyousawwhom in the streetis Mary.
6.On thewall hangsa paintingwhich worthalargeamountofmoney.
7.He hasntgot enoughmoney thathecanbuythecomputer.
8.He wasvery rudeto thecustoms officer,who ofcourse madethings evenworse.
1.1don*t knowthe personfromwhohe borrowedall themoney.
10.Bamboo ishollow,that makesit verylight.
11.This isthe onlyexample whichI cangive you.
12.In thedark street,there wasnta singlepersonfromwhom shecould turnfor help.答案I.认识定语从句
1.Is thisthe trainThe traingoestoBeijing.Is thisthetrainthetrain~^that/which goestoBeijing翻译这是开往北京的火车吗
2.1dont knowthe boy.The boyis talkingto theteacher.I dontknowthe boywhoIs talkingto theteacher.
3.The doctorhas notcome yet.They arewaiting forthe doctor.The doctorwho/_whom theyarewaitingforthedoctorhasnotcomeyet.翻译他们在等的那个医生还没来
4.The TVplay waswonderful.We watchedthe TVplay lastnight.The TVplay which/that wewatched waswonderful.
5.Last Sundaywevisitedthe museum.My eldersister isworking inthe museum.Last Sundaywevisitedthe museumin which/where myeldersisterisworking
6.This isthe novel.A lotof peopleare fondofthenovel.This isthenovelwhich/that a lotofpeoplearefondof.
7.I havelooked atthe wordsinthedictionary.I borrowedthedictionaryfrom thelibrary.I havelooked atthe wordsinthedictionary which/thatIborrowed fromthelibrary.
8.Those peopleare notworried.They havealready gottheir tickets.Those peoplewhohavealready gottheir ticketsare notworried.
9.This isthe scientist.The scientistsnameisknownallovertheworld.This isthe scientist(the scientists)f_whose nameisknownallovertheworld.翻译这是个全世界闻名的科学家
10.He livesintheroom.The roomswindow facessouth.He livesintheroom whosewindow facessouth.III.如何选择关系词?关系词的基本用法归纳练一练关系词的选择先行词在限制性定语从句中,指……人,作主语,选who that人,作宾语,选who whomthat省略物,作主语,选which that物,作宾语,选which_that/人,作定语,选whose物,作定语,选whose=of whichthen=thenof which:作地点状语,选where二介词+which:作时间状语,选when=介词+which:作原因状语,选__why=________for which
5.非限制性定语从句(有逗号)注意点e.g.He waslate again,which annoyedhis teacher.The girl,whom theteacher praised,was modest.1)作宾语的关系代词—不能省略2)不能使用关系词—that—3)关系词—which—可以在非限制性定语从句中指代前面整个句子,译为—这,不能位于一句首6)who不能代替_whom7)也可以由as引导,解释为—正如—E.g.正如被报道的As isreported,正如被期盼的As isexpected,正如以上提到的As ismentioned above,正如经常发生的那样As isoften thecase,练一练定语从句用方括号标出
1.The boy_who/that isplayingonthegrassisherbrother.
2.Do youknowtheteacher who/whom/that/省略wemetatthegate
3.A dictionaryisabook_that/whichgivesthemeaningofwords.
4.Here isthebookwhich/that/省略our teachermentioned yesterday.
5.What*sthename oftheboy_whose_fatherisarailwayworker
6.Do youlike thebook_whose_coverisred
1.1still rememberthe nightwhen_Shanghai wasliberated解放.
8.Shanghai istheplace_where my fatherlivedbeforeliberation.
9.This isthe reason_why_he waslate.VI.易混淆题目归纳第一类,相同先行词,不同关系词
1.This isthe factoryalotof studentsvisited yesterdayB A.the oneB.whichC.who D.whom
2.This isthe factorymyfatherworks.D A.at whichB.whichC.that D.where
3.October1,1949istheday wellnever forget.C A.when B.on whichC.that D.where
4.October11949wastheday thePeoples Republicof Chinawas founded.A A.when B.thatC.where D.in which
5.That wasthe reasonMac gaveme theother day.CA.why B.for whichC.which D.for that
6.That wasthe reasonMac waslate forthe meeting.A A.why B.for thatC.which D.of which总结相同先行词,不一定用相同关系词关键是把—先行词一代入—从句—中,判断成分,然后选出正确的关系词。